Mongolia is an amazing country that amazes tourists with its uniqueness and originality. Located in Central Asia, this country borders only Russia and China and is landlocked. Therefore, the climate of Mongolia is sharply continental. And Ulaanbaatar is considered But still Mongolia is popular among tourists from all over the planet.

General information

Mongolia still preserves its traditions, it has managed to carry its cultural heritage through the centuries. The Great Mongol Empire had a huge impact on world history, the famous leader Genghis Khan was born on the territory of this particular country.

Today, the unique place of the planet attracts primarily those who want to take a break from the noise of megacities and the usual resorts and immerse themselves in a special world of pristine natural beauty. The geographical location of the climate, plants, animals - all this is unusual and unique. High mountains, endless steppes, blue skies, a unique world of flora and fauna cannot but attract tourists from all over the world to this country.

Geographical position

Mongolia, the relief and climate of which are naturally interconnected, unites on its territory the Gobi Desert and such mountain ranges as the Gobi and Mongolian Altai, Khangai. Thus, in the territory of Mongolia there are both high mountains and vast plains.

The country is located on average 1580 meters above sea level. Mongolia is landlocked and shares borders with Russia and China. The area of ​​the country is 1,566,000 square meters. km. The largest rivers flowing in Mongolia are Selenga, Kerulen, Khalkhin-Gol and others. The capital of the state - Ulaanbaatar - has a long and interesting history.

Population of the country

Today, the country is home to about 3 million people. The population density is approximately 1.8 people per sq. m. territory. The population is unevenly distributed, the population density in the capital is very high, but the southern regions and desert areas are less populated.

The ethnic composition of the population is very diverse:

  • 82% are Mongols;
  • 4% are Kazakhs;
  • 2% are Buryats and other ethnic groups.

There are also Russians and Chinese in the country. Among religions, Buddhism prevails here. In addition, a small percentage of the population is Muslim, and there are many adherents of Christianity.

Mongolia: climate and its features

This place is called "the country of the blue sky", as it is sunny here most of the year. Located in a temperate climatic zone, Mongolia has a sharply continental climate. This means that it is characterized by sharp temperature changes and little precipitation.

Cold, but practically snowless winters in Mongolia (temperatures can drop to -45˚C) are replaced by spring with strong gusts of wind, sometimes reaching hurricane, and then by warm and sunny summers. This country is often the site of sandstorms.

If we describe the climate of Mongolia briefly, it is enough to mention the large fluctuations in temperature, even within a day. There are severe winters, hot summers and increased dryness of the air. The coldest month is January, the warmest is June.

Why is the climate in Mongolia

Rapid temperature changes, dry air and a large number of sunny days make this place special. It can be concluded that what are the reasons for the sharp continental climate of Mongolia:

  • remoteness from the seas;
  • an obstacle to the entry of moist air currents from the oceans is the mountain ranges that surround the territory of the country;
  • formation of high pressure combined with low temperature in winter.

Such sharp fluctuations in temperature and low rainfall make this country special. Familiarization with the reasons for the sharp continental climate of Mongolia will help to better understand the relationship between the relief, geographic location and climate of this country.

Seasons

The best time to visit Mongolia is from May to September. Despite the fact that there are many sunny days here, the temperature range is very large for the seasons. Monthly climate of Mongolia has very characteristic features.


Vegetable world

Mongolia, whose climate is sharply continental, has a rich and unusual flora. On its territory there are various natural zones: highlands, taiga belt, forest-steppe and steppe, desert and semi-desert zones.

In Mongolia, you can see mountains covered with deciduous, cedar and pine forests. In the valleys, they are replaced by deciduous species (birch, aspen, ash) and shrubs (honeysuckle, bird cherry, wild rosemary and others). In general, forests cover about 15% of Mongolia's vegetation.

The vegetation cover of the Mongolian steppes is also very diverse. It includes plants such as feather grass, wheatgrass and others. Saxaul predominates on the territory of semi-deserts. This type of vegetation makes up about 30% of the entire flora of Mongolia.

Among the medicinal plants, the most common are juniper, celandine, sea buckthorn.

Animal world

In Mongolia, there are several very rare species of mammals, such as the snow leopard, Przewalski's horse, Mongolian kulan, wild camel and many others (about 130 species in total). There are also many (over 450) different species of birds - eagles, owls, hawks. In the desert there is a wild cat, gazelle, saiga, in the forests - deer, sable, roe deer.

Some of them, unfortunately, need protection, as they are threatened with extinction. The government of Mongolia is concerned about the preservation of the existing rich fund of flora and fauna. For this purpose, numerous reserves and national parks have been organized here.

This country is unique. Therefore, it attracts many tourists who want to learn more about Mongolia. There are several features that characterize it:

  • Mongolia, whose climate is rather harsh, is the country with the coldest capital in the world.
  • Among all countries in the world, it has the lowest population density.
  • If you translate the name of the capital Ulan Bator from, you get the phrase "red hero".
  • Another name for Mongolia is the "Country of the Blue Sky".

Not all tourists heading to these lands know what the climate is in Mongolia. But even a detailed acquaintance with its features does not frighten lovers of exotic and wildlife.

CLIMATE, WEATHER

Mongolia is localized in the east of Asia. From the north it borders on Russia, and the rest of Mongolia connects with China. The area of ​​the state is 1.6 million km2. The capital is called Ulan Bator. The city is located in the center of the country, at an altitude of 1300 m above sea level. The Tuul River flows here. The Selenga, Kerulen and Khalkhin-Gol rivers are also born in the Mongolian mountains.

The relief of Mongolia is represented by a plateau, which is raised by 1000-1500 m. In the west of the country, the Mongolian Altai mountain system stretches, which turns into low mountain ranges and thus embraces the entire plateau. The Khangai massif is located in the center of the country. Plains are found in the east and south. In Mongolia, tourists will see the desert in the southern part. There is little groundwater in the country, but groundwater is located in the upper layers of the earth.

The climate in Mongolia is harsh, continental type. The winters are frosty and the summers are hot. The amount of precipitation increases to the north, with 300-510 mm falling annually. Tourists recommend coming here in August. However, choose the date of your trip yourself, taking into account the weather conditions in Mongolia by months.


Weather in Mongolia in January

In January, the air temperature in Mongolia is variable. During the day, thermometer readings range from -23 ° C to + 1 ° C. At night, the air temperature is within -24 ° C ... -2 ° C. 80% of days in January are cloudy. This month has the least number of hours of sunshine per day, 1.7. One rainy day and two snowy days are recorded, with up to 38 mm of precipitation falling. The wind speed reaches 3.8 m / s.


Weather in Mongolia in February

It gets a little warmer in February. Daytime air temperature is in the range of -15 ° С ... + 2 ° С, and the night temperature ranges from -20 ° С to 0 ° С. Most days this month, like January, are cloudy, but the sun stays in the sky for more hours in a day. The amount of precipitation drops to 28.5 mm. There is no snow in February. The air velocity is 3.7 m / s.


Weather in Mongolia in March

With the onset of spring, the thermometer drops below zero only at night. Daily temperature indicators are in the range of + 2 ° С ... + 8 ° С. There are more clear days and more hours of sunshine. It snows in March. Two rainy days are also recorded. There are 37.6 mm of precipitation in the month. The average wind speed reaches 4.0 m / s.


Weather in Mongolia in April

The temperature regime in April does not differ significantly from that in March. The air temperature in the daytime ranges from + 3 ° С to + 10 ° С, and at night the thermometer drops to -3 ° С. The amount of precipitation is noticeably increasing, now 56.4 mm falls in 4 days. At the same time, the rest of the days in the month are sunny. The wind dies down to 3.8 m / s.


Weather in Mongolia in May

The average air temperature during the daytime in May is at around + 12.5 ° С, and at night the thermometer is set at + 6 ° С. 15 days out of 31 are clear, 10 are cloudy, and the remaining 5 are raining in Mongolia. The amount of precipitation, like last month, is 52 mm. Wind speed continues to decrease, gusts reach 3.4 m / s.


Weather in Mongolia in June

With the onset of summer, Mongolia becomes even rainy. In some places, up to 60 mm of precipitation falls. 5 rainy days are recorded. The wind speed remains the same at 3.4 m / s. Note that in June, the average daily number of sunshine reaches its maximum, the sun in the sky lasts 11.4 hours out of 24. The air temperature in the daytime ranges from + 11 ° С to + 26 ° С, by the end of the month the thermometer reaches +29, 3 ° C. Nighttime temperature range is within + 6 ° С… + 19 ° С.


Weather in Mongolia in July

The average daytime air temperature in July is set at + 22.7 ° С, and at night the column slides to + 14.9 ° С. Note that at the beginning of the month there are jumps up to + 30 ° С, so do not forget about the hat. July together with November are considered the rainiest months in Mongolia. Up to 65 mm of precipitation is recorded here. At the same time, the wind speed in July is at a minimum, 3 m / s.


Weather in Mongolia in August

After a rainy July, the amount of precipitation drops sharply. In August, 3 rainy days and 34 mm of precipitation are recorded. The force of the air masses increases to 3.3 m / s. This month it is still sunny, the average daily number of hours reaches 10. The air temperature during the daytime ranges from + 16 ° С to + 28 ° С, and at night the thermometer is set at + 14 ° С.


Weather in Mongolia in September With the onset of autumn, the number of hours of sunshine per day decreases sharply, now only 6.7. In September, the daytime air temperature is in the range of + 13 ° С… + 24 ° С. In the dark, temperature indicators are set within the range of + 6 ° C ... + 9 ° C. Rainfall is more abundant this month. Drops 53 mm in 3 days. The wind speed rises to 3.4 m / s.


Weather in Mongolia in October

The average air temperature in October is set at + 6.9 ° С, fluctuations are only a couple of degrees. At night, the thermometer readings are within + 2.9 ° С, but in some places frosts are recorded. Clear days are losing ground and now the sky is overcast for 20 days a month. The amount of precipitation is 37 mm, which falls in 3 days. The wind speed rises to 3.6 m / s.


Weather in Mongolia in November

In November, the thermometer drops below zero even during daylight hours. Average temperature indicators during the day are in the range of 0 ° С ... + 1 ° С, and at night - -2.5 ° С. As already mentioned, November is the wettest in Mongolia. There is 65 mm of precipitation. However, compared to July, it is not only raining, but also snowing. The wind speed this month reaches 4 m / s.


Weather in Mongolia in December

In December, there are sharp jumps in temperature. Today in the afternoon it can be -5 ° С, and tomorrow + 9 ° С. The average air temperature during the daytime is -1 ° С, and at night - -3 ° С. The amount of precipitation drops sharply. One snowy and one rainy day is recorded. Drops out 36 mm. The average wind speed reaches 4.5 m / s, making December the windiest month in Mongolia.

Mongolia is located in Central Asia. The country has an area of ​​1,564,116 km2, three times the size of France. Basically it is a plateau, raised to an altitude of 900-1500 m above sea level. A number of mountain ranges and ridges rise above this plateau. The highest of them is the Mongolian Altai, which stretches in the west and south-west of the country for a distance of 900 km. Its continuation is the lower ridges that do not form a single massif, which received the general name Gobi Altai.

Along the border with Siberia in the northwest of Mongolia there are several ridges that do not form a single massif: Khan Huhei, Ulan Taiga, Eastern Sayan, in the northeast - the Khentei massif, in the central part of Mongolia - the Khangai massif, which is divided into several independent ridges.

To the east and south of Ulan Bator towards the border with China, the height of the Mongolian plateau gradually decreases, and it turns into plains - flat and flat in the east, hilly in the south. South, southwest and southeast of Mongolia is occupied by the Gobi Desert, which continues in the north of the central part of China. According to the landscape features, the Gobi is by no means a homogeneous desert, it consists of areas of sandy, rocky, covered with small fragments of stones, even for many kilometers and hilly, different in color - the Mongols distinguish especially the Yellow, Red and Black Gobi. Surface water sources are very rare here, but the groundwater level is high.

Mountains of Mongolia

Ridge of the Mongolian Altai. The highest mountain range in Mongolia, located in the North-West of the country. The main part of the ridge is elevated by 3000-4000 meters above sea level and stretches to the southeast of the country from the western border with Russia to the eastern regions of the Gobi. The Altai ridge is conventionally divided into Mongolian and Gobi Altai (Gobi-Altai). The area of ​​the Altai mountainous region is huge - about 248,940 square kilometers.

Tavan-Bogdo-Ula. The highest point of the Mongolian Altai. The height above sea level of the summit of Mount Nairamdal is 4374 meters. This mountain range is located at the junction of the borders of Mongolia, Russia and China. The name Tavan-Bogdo-Ula is translated from the Mongolian language as "five sacred peaks". For a long time, the white glacial peaks of the Tavan-Bogdo-Ula mountain range have been revered as sacred by the Mongols, Altai and Kazakhs. The mountain consists of five snow-capped peaks, with the largest glaciated area in the Mongolian Altai. Three large glaciers Potanin, Przhevalsky, Granet and many small glaciers feed the rivers flowing to China - the Kanas River and the Aksu River, and the tributary of the Khovd River - Tsagaan-gol, which runs into Mongolia.

The Khukh-Serekh ridge is a mountain ridge on the border of the Bayan-Ulgiy and Khovd aimags. The ridge forms a mountain knot connecting the main ridge of the Mongolian Altai with its mountain spurs - the peaks Tsast (4208 m.) And Tsambagarav (4149 m.) .. The snow line runs at an altitude of 3700-3800 meters. The ridge is bent around by the Buyant River, which is born from numerous springs at the eastern foot.

The Khan-Khukhiy ridge is the mountains that separate the largest lake Uvs in the basin of the Big Lakes from the lakes of the Khyargas system (lakes Khyargas, Khar-Us, Khar, Durgun). The northern slopes of the Khan-Khukhi range are covered with forest, in contrast to the southern mountain-steppe slopes. The highest peak, Duulga-Ul, lies at an altitude of 2928 meters above sea level. The mountain range is young and growing rapidly. A huge 120-kilometer seismic crack passes next to it - the result of an 11-point earthquake. Bursts of earth waves one after another rise along the crack to a height of about 3 meters.

Statistical indicators of Mongolia
(as of 2012)

Mount Tsambagarav. A powerful mountain range with the highest altitude of 4206 meters above sea level (Tsast peak). Near the foot of the mountain is the valley of the Khovd River not far from its confluence with Lake Khar-Us. The territory of the somon, located at the foot of Mount Tsambagarav, is inhabited mainly by the Mongols-Olets, the descendants of numerous once Dzungar tribes. According to the Olet legend, once a man named Tsamba climbed to the top of the mountain and disappeared. Now they call the mountain Tsambagarav, which is translated into Russian: "Tsamba went out, ascended."

Rivers and lakes of Mongolia

The rivers of Mongolia are born in the mountains. Most of them are the headwaters of the great rivers of Siberia and the Far East, which carry their waters towards the Arctic and Pacific oceans. The largest rivers in the country are the Selenga (within the borders of Mongolia - 600 km), Kerulen (1100 km), Tesiin-Gol (568 km), Onon (300 km), Khalkhin-gol, Kobdo-Gol, etc. The deepest is the Selenga. It originates from one of the Khangai ridges and receives several large tributaries - Orkhon, Khanui-gol, Chulutyn-gol, Delger-Muren, etc. Its flow rate is from 1.5 to 3 m per second. In any weather, its fast cold waters, flowing in the clay-sandy shores, and therefore always muddy, have a dark gray color. Selenga freezes for six months, the average ice thickness is from 1 to 1.5 m. It has two floods a year: spring (snow) and summer (rain). The average depth at the lowest water level is at least 2 m. Having left Mongolia, the Selenga flows through the territory of Buryatia and flows into Lake Baikal.

Rivers in the western and southwestern parts of the country, flowing down from the mountains, fall into intermontane basins, do not have access to the ocean and, as a rule, end their journey in one of the lakes.

In Mongolia, there are over a thousand permanent lakes and a much larger number of temporary lakes that form during the rainy season and disappear during the drought. In the early Quaternary period, a significant part of the territory of Mongolia was an inland sea, which was later divided into several large bodies of water. The current lakes are what is left of them. The largest of them are located in the basin of the Great Lakes in the north-west of the country - Ubsu-Nur, Khara-Us-Nur, Khirgis-Nur, their depth does not exceed several meters. In the east of the country, there are lakes Buir-Nur and Khuh-Nur. In a giant tectonic depression in the north of Khangai, there is Lake Khubsugul (depth up to 238 m), which is similar to Lake Baikal in terms of water composition, relict flora and fauna.

Mongolia climate

The high ridges of Central Asia, encircling Mongolia from almost all sides with powerful barriers, isolate it from the humid air currents of both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which creates a sharply continental climate on its territory. It is characterized by the predominance of sunny days, especially in winter, significant dryness of the air, low precipitation, sharp temperature fluctuations, not only annual, but also daily. The temperature during the day can sometimes fluctuate between 20-30 degrees Celsius.

The coldest month of the year is January. In some regions of the country, the temperature drops to -45 ... 50 ° С.

The hottest month is July. The average air temperature during this period in most of the territory is + 20 ° С, in the south up to + 25 ° С. The maximum temperature values ​​in the Gobi Desert during this period can reach + 45 ... 58 ° С.

Average annual precipitation is 200–250 mm. 80–90% of the total annual precipitation falls within five months, from May to September. The maximum amount of precipitation (up to 600 mm) falls in the aimags of Khentiy, Altai and near Lake Khuvsgul. The minimum precipitation (about 100 mm per year) falls on the Gobi.

The winds are strongest in spring. In the Gobi regions, winds often lead to the formation of storms and reach an enormous destructive force - 15-25 m / s. A wind of such strength can tear off yurts and carry away for several kilometers, tear tents to shreds.

Mongolia is characterized by a number of exceptional physical and geographical phenomena, within its limits are:

  • the center of the world maximum winter atmospheric pressure
  • the world's southernmost permafrost belt on flat relief (47 ° N).
  • in Western Mongolia, in the basin of the Great Lakes, there is the northernmost desert zone on the globe (50.5 ° N)
  • the Gobi Desert is the most sharply continental place on the planet. In summer, the air temperature can rise to + 58 ° С, in winter it can drop to -45 ° С.

Spring in Mongolia comes after a very cold winter. The days were getting longer and the nights were shorter. Spring is the time for the snow to melt and the animals emerge from hibernation. Spring begins in mid-March and usually lasts about 60 days, although it can be as long as 70 days or almost 45 days in some areas of the country. For humans and livestock, this is also the season of the driest and windiest days. In spring, dust storms are not uncommon, not only in the south, but also in the central regions of the country. Leaving the house of a resident, they try to close the windows, as dust storms come suddenly (they also pass quickly).

Summer is the warmest season in Mongolia. The best season for traveling in Mongolia. There is more precipitation than in spring and autumn. Rivers and lakes are the deepest. However, if the summer is very dry, then closer to autumn the rivers become very shallow. The beginning of summer is the most beautiful time of the year. The steppe is green (the grass has not yet burned out from the sun), livestock is gaining weight and fat. In Mongolia, summer lasts approximately 110 days from late May to September. The hottest month is July. The average air temperature during this period in most of the territory is + 20 ° С, in the south up to + 25 ° С. The maximum temperature values ​​in the Gobi Desert during this period can reach + 45 ... 58 ° С.

Autumn in Mongolia is the season of transition from hot summers to cold and dry winters. Less rain in autumn. Gradually it gets cooler and the vegetables and grains are harvested at this time. The pasture and forests turn yellow. Flies die and livestock are fat and unclear in preparation for the winter. Autumn is an important season in Mongolia to prepare for winter; collecting crops, vegetables and fodder; preparation at the rate of their cattle sheds and sheds; preparing firewood and heating them at home and so on. Autumn lasts approximately 60 days from early September to early November. Late summer and early fall are very favorable travel seasons. However, it must be borne in mind that snow can fall in early September, but it will melt completely within 1-2.

In Mongolia, winter is the coldest and longest season. In winter, the temperature drops so much that all rivers, lakes, channels and reservoirs freeze over. Many rivers freeze almost to the bottom. It is snowing all over the country, but the cover is not very significant. Winter begins in early November and lasts approximately 110 days until March. It sometimes snows in September and November, but heavy snow usually falls in early November (December). In general, compared to Russia, there is very little snow. Winter in Ulaanbaatar is dusty rather than snowy. Although with climate change on the planet, it is noted that more snow began to fall in Mongolia in winter. Heavy snowfalls are a real natural disaster for pastoralists (dzud).

The coldest month of the year is January. In some regions of the country, the temperature drops to -45 ... 50 (C.). It should be noted that the cold in Mongolia is tolerated much easier, due to the dry air. For example: the temperature -20 ° С in Ulan Bator is transferred as well as -10 ° С in the central part of Russia.

Flora of Mongolia

The vegetation of Mongolia is very variegated and is a mixture of mountain, steppe and desert with inclusions of Siberian taiga in the northern regions. Under the influence of the mountainous relief, the latitudinal zoning of the vegetation cover is replaced by the vertical one, therefore, deserts can be found next to forests. Forests along the slopes of the mountains find themselves far in the south, in the vicinity of dry steppes, and deserts and semi-deserts - along the plains and hollows in the far north. Mongolia's natural vegetation is consistent with the local climatic conditions. The mountains in the northwestern part of the country are covered with forests of larch, pine, cedar, and various deciduous tree species. In the wide intermontane basins, there are magnificent pastures. River valleys have fertile soil, the rivers themselves are abundant in fish.

As we move to the southeast, with decreasing altitude, the density of the vegetation cover gradually decreases and reaches the level of the Gobi desert region, where some types of grasses and shrubs appear only in spring and early summer. The vegetation of the north and northeast of Mongolia is incomparably richer, since these areas with higher mountains receive more atmospheric precipitation. In general, the composition of the flora and fauna of Mongolia is very diverse. Mongolia's nature is beautiful and varied. In the direction from north to south, six natural belts and zones are successively replaced here. The alpine belt is located to the north and west of Lake Khubsugul, on the Khentei and Khangai ridges, in the mountains of the Mongolian Altai. The mountain-taiga belt runs in the same place, below the alpine meadows. The zone of mountain steppes and forests in the Khangai-Khentei mountainous region is the most favorable for human life and the most developed in terms of the development of agriculture. The largest in size is the steppe zone with its variety of grasses and wild grasses, the most suitable for cattle breeding. In the floodplains of rivers, flood meadows are not uncommon.

Currently, 2823 species of vascular plants from 662 genera and 128 families, 445 species of bryophytes, 930 species of lichens (133 genera, 39 families), 900 species of fungi (136 genera, 28 families), 1236 species of algae (221 genera, 60 families). Among them, 845 types of medicinal herbs are used in Mongolian medicine, 68 types of soil-fortifying plants and 120 types of edible plants. There are now 128 species of herbs listed as endangered and extinct and listed in the Mongolian Red Book.

The Mongolian head start can be conditionally divided into three ecosystems: - grass and shrubs (52% of the land surface), forests (15%) and desert vegetation (32%). Crop crops account for less than 1% of the territory of Mongolia. The flora of Mongolia is very rich in medicinal and fruit and berry plants. In the valleys and in the undergrowth of deciduous forests, there are a lot of bird cherry, mountain ash, barberry, hawthorn, currant, dog rose. Such valuable medicinal plants as juniper, gentian, celandine, sea buckthorn are widespread. Mongolian adonis (altan khundag) and pink radiola (golden ginseng) are especially appreciated. In 2009, a record harvest of sea buckthorn was harvested. Today in Mongolia, the berries are grown by private companies on an area of ​​one and a half thousand hectares.

Fauna of Mongolia

A huge territory, a variety of landscapes, soils, flora and climatic zones create favorable conditions for the habitation of a wide variety of animals. The fauna of Mongolia is rich and varied. Like its vegetation, the fauna of Mongolia is a mixture of species from the northern taiga of Siberia, the steppes and deserts of Central Asia.

The fauna includes 138 species of mammals, 436 birds, 8 amphibians, 22 reptiles, 13,000 species of insects, 75 species of fish and numerous invertebrates. Mongolia has a great variety and abundance of game animals, including many valuable fur and other animals. The forests are home to sable, lynx, deer, red deer, musk deer, elk, roe deer; in the steppes - tarbagan, wolf, fox and gazelle antelope; in the deserts - kulan, wild cat, gazelle and saiga, wild camel. In the Gobi mountains, argali mountain sheep, goats and a large predatory leopard are common. Irbis, a snow leopard in the recent past, was widespread in the mountains of Mongolia, now it mainly lives in the Gobi Altai, and its number has decreased to a thousand individuals. Mongolia is a country of birds. Demoiselle crane is a common bird here. Large flocks of cranes often congregate directly on paved roads. Close to the road you can often see scooters, eagles, vultures. Geese, ducks, waders, cormorants, various herons and gigantic colonies of various species of gulls - herring, black-headed gull (which is listed in the Red Book in Russia), lacustrine, several types of terns, all this biodiversity amazes even experienced bird watchers-researchers.

According to conservationists, 28 species of mammals are endangered. The more commonly known species are the wild bum, wild camel, Gobi mountain sheep, gobi bear (mazalai), ibex and black-tailed gazelle; others include otters, wolves, antelopes, and tarbagans. There are 59 species of endangered birds, including many species of hawk, falcon, buzzard, eagles and owls. Despite the Mongol belief that it is a failure to kill an eagle, some eagle species are endangered. The Mongolian Border Service has consistently thwarted attempts to transport falcons from Mongolia to the Gulf countries, where they are used for sports.

But there are also positive aspects. Finally, the population of wild horses has been restored. Takhi - known in Russia as Przewalski's horse - was virtually destroyed in the 1960s. It has been successfully reintroduced to two national parks following an extensive breeding program overseas. In the mountainous areas, approximately 1000 snow leopards remain. They are hunted for their skin (which is also part of some shamanic rituals).

Every year the government sells hunting licenses for protected animals. In a year, licenses are sold to shoot 300 wild goats, 40 mountain sheep (as a result, receiving up to half a million dollars in the treasury. This money is used to restore the populations of wild animals in Mongolia).

Mongolia population

According to the preliminary results of the population and housing census, which took place on November 11-17, 2010 on a national scale, there are 714 784 families in Mongolia, that is, two million 650 thousand 673 people. It does not include the number of citizens who registered via the Internet and through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia (i.e., those living outside the country), and the number of military personnel, suspects and prisoners under the supervision of the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Defense is not included.

The population density is 1.7 people / sq. Km. Ethnic composition: 85% of the country are Mongols, 7% are Kazakhs, 4.6% are Durwoods, 3.4% are representatives of other ethnic groups. According to the forecast of the National Statistical Office of Mongolia, the population of the country will reach 3 million by 2018.

Source - http://ru.wikipedia.org/
http://www.legendtour.ru/

It is characterized by the predominance of sunny days, especially in winter, significant dryness of the air, a small amount of precipitation, sharp temperature fluctuations, not only annual, but also daily. The temperature during the day can sometimes fluctuate between 20-30 degrees Celsius.

The coldest month of the year - January... In some regions of the country, the temperature drops to -45 ... 50 ° C.

The hottest month - July

Average annual rainfall 200-250 mm. 80-90% of the total annual rainfall falls within five months, from May to September. The maximum amount of precipitation (up to 600 mm) falls in the aimags of Khentiy, Altai and near Lake Khuvsgul. The minimum precipitation (about 100 mm per year) falls on the Gobi.

The winds are strongest in spring. V Gobi areas winds often lead to the formation of storms and reach an enormous destructive force - 15-25 m / s. A wind of such strength can tear off yurts and carry away for several kilometers, tear tents to shreds.

For Mongolia a number of exceptional physical and geographical phenomena are characteristic, within its limits are:

The center of the world maximum winter atmospheric pressure

The world's southernmost permafrost belt on flat relief (47 ° N).

In Western Mongolia in the Great Lakes Basin the northernmost desert zone on the globe is located (50.5 ° N)

The Gobi Desert is the most sharply continental place on the planet. In summer, the air temperature can rise to + 58 ° С, in winter it can drop to -45 ° С.

SPRING IN MONGOLIA

Comes after a very cold winter. The days were getting longer and the nights were shorter. Spring is the time for the snow to melt and the animals emerge from hibernation. Spring begins in mid-March and usually lasts about 60 days, although it can be as long as 70 days or almost 45 days in some areas of the country.

For humans and livestock, this is also the season of the driest and windiest days. In spring, dust storms are not uncommon, not only in the south, but also in the central regions of the country. Leaving the house of a resident, they try to close the windows, as dust storms come suddenly (they also pass quickly).


Summer- the warmest season in Mongolia. The best season for traveling in Mongolia. There is more precipitation than in spring and autumn. Rivers and lakes are the deepest. However, if the summer is very dry, then closer to autumn the rivers become very shallow.

The beginning of summer is the most beautiful time of the year. The steppe is green (the grass has not yet burned out from the sun), livestock is gaining weight and fat. In Mongolia, summer lasts approximately 110 days from late May to September.

The hottest month - July... The average air temperature during this period in most of the territory is + 20 ° С, in the south up to + 25 ° С. The maximum temperature values ​​in the Gobi Desert during this period can reach + 45 ... 58 ° С.

AUTUMN IN MONGOLIA


- the season of transition from hot summer to cold and dry winter. Less rain in autumn. Gradually it gets cooler and the vegetables and grains are harvested at this time. The pasture and forests turn yellow. Flies die and livestock are fat and unclear in preparation for the winter.

Autumn- an important season in Mongolia to get ready for winter; collecting crops, vegetables and fodder; preparation at the rate of their cattle sheds and sheds; preparing firewood and heating them at home and so on. Autumn lasts approximately 60 days from early September to early November.

Late summer and early fall are very favorable travel seasons. However, it must be borne in mind that snow can fall in early September, but it will melt completely within 1-2.

V Mongolia, winter is the coldest and longest season. In winter, the temperature drops so much that all rivers, lakes, channels and reservoirs are frozen. Many rivers freeze almost to the bottom. It is snowing all over the country, but not heavy.

Winter begins in early November and lasts approximately 110 days until March. It sometimes snows in September and November, but heavy snow usually occurs in early November (December). In general, compared to Russia, there is very little snow.

Winter in Ulaanbaatar is dusty rather than snowy. Although with climate change on the planet, it is noted that more snow began to fall in Mongolia in winter. Heavy snowfalls are a real natural disaster for pastoralists (dzud).

The coldest month of the year - January... In some regions of the country, the temperature drops to -45 ... 50 (C.). It should be noted that the cold in Mongolia is tolerated much easier, due to the dry air. For example: the temperature -20 ° С in Ulan Bator is transferred as well as -10 ° С in the central part of Russia.

Mongolian dogs - banhars - have always played an important role in the life of nomad Mongols, but their main role was to protect the owners and their property. Husky dogs are used for dog sledding. However, while sled dog racing is not the native sport of Mongolia, and the husky is not a Mongolian breed, the combination provides an incredible adventure during the height of the Mongolian winter.

Dog sledding in Mongolia, available at Gorkhi Terelzh National Park, is a ride where you can experience the dominant forces of nature - from wolf footprints in the snow to the sound of ice moving along the frozen Tuul and Terelzh rivers.

Yes, the word “adventure” is fashionable and even abused in the tourism industry, but it is truly a real adventure - living with the dogs, meeting the shepherds and their families, will give you a real feeling of freedom. You will be deeply moved by the privacy and space. There is no doubt about that.

Indeed, it is a challenge. All huskies love to run. This is what they are made for. They really love to run along the trail. At the start of the day, the dogs will be excited and zealously racing forward, so hold on tight during the fast and exciting ride!

5-6 dogs pull the team with great force. And at the end of each day you get the opportunity to help with keeping the dogs (feeding time!). This opens up new perspectives, you will learn interesting information about caring for wonderful, hardy and friendly dogs.

As for surprises on the route and changing weather conditions, you should be aware that most of the trip takes place along a smooth, frozen river, but you will encounter hard pack ice, snow-covered ice, puddles of water, cracks, bumps, objects frozen in the ice and overhanging plants along the banks of the river.

It's easy to get outside your comfort zone - be it air temperature, route conditions, or speed.

If you want to try a new way of traveling, then consider dog sledding in Mongolia.

Take thermal underwear and warm clothes with you, come to Mongolia this winter and do something unusual for yourself. Come and let the winter landscapes dominate, then you will have a wonderful experience that will really make you feel alive.

In addition, Mongolia is known as “the land of the Eternal Blue Sky”. Most days of the year, almost 260, there is a blue sky overhead here, especially in winter, so you can fully enjoy the cold fresh air and crystal blue skies.