Suggestions consisting of two or more parts, each of which has its own grammatical foundation (subject to both the faithful or one of the main members) is called complex. Parts can be connected using unions or only with intonation. In the written text, a part of a complex proposal is usually separated by a comma or other punctuation marks.

Errors in complex suggestions

1. Violation of the logic-grammatical relationship between parts of a complex proposal: "My father did not forget this story for a long time, but he died."

2. The use of pronoun in the second part of a complex proposal, leading to ambiguity: "Let the hopes come true and they will return."

Errors in the use of complex unions:

a) connecting - for the connection of parts of a complex sentence in the absence of interconnection relationships between them: "Yesterday was a storm, and today everything was calm."

b) Proportional - to connect parts of a complex sentence in the absence of oppositional relations between them: "We have birch in the yard, but the kidneys will swell on it."

c) double and duplicate: "Not that bird sat on the water, or the wreckage of a broken boat is floating around the sea."

d) unjustified repeating unions: "And suddenly, the girls saw a small black point, and they had hope."

e) an unsuccessful selection of unions: "Mitrais was ten years old with a tail, but the sister was older."

Errors in complex proposals

1. The inconsistency of the appendage of the apparent offer is the importance of the main thing: "But they will still wait for their father, as fishermen must wait on the shore."

2. The use of essay and subordination for communication of parts in a complex sentence: "If a person does not engage in sports, and he will quickly grow up."

3. Weighing structures at the expense of "stripping" of the apparent proposals: "The sail appeared in the sea as a happy news that everything is in order with fishermen and that girls will be able to hug their parents soon, which were delayed in the sea, because there was a strong storm."

4. Skip the necessary index word: "Mom always scolds me that I spread my belongings."

5. Unnecessary use of the indicative word: "I have such an assumption that fishermen delayed the storm."

6. Incorrect use of unions and allied words with their correct selection:

a) Eating unions and allied words in the middle of the presidency: "There is a TV in the bedside table, after school, I watch entertaining gears."

b) Violation of the coordination of the union word in the appropriate proposal with a substituted or determinant word in the main sentence: "On two shelves - fiction, which I use when preparing for lessons."

7. Use of the same type of subordinate proposals with a consistent submission: "Walking along the shore, I saw two girls who were sitting on an inverted boat, which was on the shore of Kille."

8. Using the apparent offer as independent: "The girls are worried about their relatives. Therefore, they look so sad in the distance. "

Errors in the non-union complex sentence

1. Violation of unity of the structures of homogeneous parts in the composition of the non-union complex proposal: "The picture shows: Early morning, only the sun gets up."

2. Decomposition of the parts of the non-union complex proposal for independent proposals: "Dressed girls are simply. On them summer sitse dresses. On the head of the senior handkerchief. "

3. Simultaneous use of non-union and union connection: "Clothing on girls is simple: which is older with a headscarf on the head, in a blue skirt and a gray jacket, younger without a scarker, in a purple dress and a dark blue blouse."

Errors in a complex sentence with various types of communication

1. Violation of the procedure for following the proposals: "The waves are still subject to, but the shore calms down; The closer to the horizon, the sea is darker; And therefore girls have hope that his father will return. "

2. The use of pronoun leading to ambiguity: "We see that the girl's bed is not filled, and it confirms that the girl just got up."

As practical tasks, we offer you fragments from students.

Find errors and try to fix them.

Exercise number 1.

Find errors associated with violation of the word order. Try to explain them and correct.

1. In the proposed essay for analysis, the author addressed the topic is important.
2. I believe that every parent is obliged to raise a kind and honest child.
3. In a similar in the essay described by V. Tenryakov, many families are provided.
4. Every day four he got to his village,
5. In the evening yesterday, about ten were seen on the street.

Exercise number 2.

Determine the type of error. Correct the offer.

1. You can admire with his courage and heroism.
2. Returning from vacation, he learned about the consequences of the news.
3. Through such situations, people sometimes die.
4. Each person needs attention and understand its problems.
5. They cease to understand and trust each other.

Exercise number 3.

Determine the type of error. Try to rebuild the offer so as to avoid violation of the speech rate.

1. He did not hesitate his appearance, and that they mocked one-siest.
2. With the annoyance sighing and completely upset, the next visitor came out of the Cabinet.
3. It is necessary not only to help old people, but also to young families.
4. Citizens who entered the bus are asked to pay for travel.
5. After reading the essay, it seemed to me that the author was close to his problem.

Exercise number 4.

In the proposed passage from the student's essay, find all cases of violation of speech standards. Edit text.

The problem of patriotism and nationalism is worried by the author. One concept is quite commonly modified by others. If patriotism reflects the power of the nation, the nationalism is different. Already hair sometimes get up when you read newspaper materials on the topic of interethnic conflicts.

In addition to the foregoing I want to add that all people on earth are brothers and must respect each other with respect.

Exercise number 5.

Distribute offers with stylistic errors in three groups: 1) Mixing vocabulary of different styles; 2) the use of stationerys; 3) speech stamps. Try to rebuild designs in accordance with the norm.

1. In the village district of the culture there was a real dubby. 2. Sometimes it happens: the person himself reads a lot and knows, but does not conduct explanatory work among the population. 3. The author brings his thoughts to readers about this. 4. Natasha Rostov loved one guy, and her hand and heart wanted to give another. 5. Anyone can get into a difficult life situation, and there is nothing to cuddle an invulnerable. 6. Pikes, karasi, as well as small Pescari, were found in the aquatic environment. 7. The image of Andrei Bolkonsky is a typical example for imitation. 8. Unless patriotism and the power of the Spirit characterize the hero of this essay.

Set the correspondence between the grammatical errors and suggestions in which they are allowed: to each position of the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS		OFFERS
A) error in building a sentence with homogeneous members B) violation of communication between the subject and faithful C) incorrect construction of a proposal with an indirect speech D) violation in building a proposal with a trap E) violation in building a sentence with an adapted turnover		1) Some monuments of the ancient Russian jewelry art received worldwide fame. 2) going along the coast, the sea air pleasantly refreshing our faces. 3) Brucers is keen on the decadence, convinced that the future belongs to art expressing the experiences of a bright and independent personality. 4) Those who seek the greatest success becoming an example for imitation. 5) The premiere of the Opera Susanin in 1936 became a big event in the cultural life of Moscow. 6) Everyone who studied in the mathematical class passed the test perfectly. 7) Tonya solemnly promised that "I will not give you anyone!" 8) We suffered a focus on which I was preparing food, away from the house. 9) Visitors were considered for a long time and admired the canvas of Movie artists.

Write the numbers in response by placing them in order corresponding to the letters:

BUT	B.	IN	G.	D.

Explanation (see also a rule below).

A) An error in building a sentence with homogeneous members in sentence 9 lies in the fact that homogeneous taled according to the rule should require the same case of the dependent word, but this is not complied with: "considered" requires the question What?, And "admired" requires what?

We will give a true writing: Visitors have considered the web of the Mobile Artists and admired the paintings.

Item rule 7.6.1

7.6. Error building a sentence with homogeneous members

Introduction

Uniformly referred to members of the proposals that perform the same syntactic function combined with the same attitude to the same member of the sentence associated with the writing relationship.Uniform can be both the main and secondary members: subject to, beyond, additions, definitions, circumstances. For example, a "new, heavy duty computer" definitions will be homogeneous with respect to the word "computer"; The circumstances "depicted colorfully, but odd" in relation to "depicted".

Types of errors allowed by the use of homogeneous members

7.6.1 Uniform faugments have the same dependent supplement.

Rule: With a normal, proper structure of the proposal from each of the two homogeneous fag (first and second) is one common question to a general addition, eg:

Guys are keen on (what?) and do (what?) sport; Heroes story remember (what?) And share impressions (what?)about the years of youth.

An error occurs if various issues are set to the general addition to each of the fadies.

Example 1: I love (who? What?) And admire (by whom? What) with his father.

The faithful "love" and "admire" have one dependent word "father", which is in the articulated case. It turned out that the addition of "Father" was correctly submitted only to the second faugible, since the verb "love" demands from supplementing the vinitive (love who? What? Father), therefore, this offer is built incorrectly. To correctly express the thought, you need to change the proposal so that each facility is a separate, suitable addition, for example, as follows: I love my father and admire them.

Example 2: Hero story believed (what?) And sought (what?) To his dream. Each of the verbs requires its form of add-on, it is impossible to choose a common word, so we change the proposal again so that it was a separate addition to each predeemable, for example, as follows: The hero of the story believed in his dream and sought her.

Note for teachers: This error type refers to management errors. In written works, such an error is usually allowed by students due to inattentive: the first faugible is simply produced from sight, and the error (when specifying it) is easily corrected. A much more serious problem arises where the student does not realize that one or another case of this verb cannot be delivered from this verb.

7.6.2 Uniform members are associated with double unions not only ..., but also ...; if not ... then ... and others

.

Rule 1. In such proposals, you need to pay attention to that parts of the double union must connect homogeneous members of one row, eg: We were inspired not so much Colorful places of this quiet city, how much The state of its inhabitants.Let's make a proposal scheme: not so muchABOUT , how much ABOUT . The first part of the double union: not so much, is located in front of the first person to be "places" (the word "colorful" we do not take into account), the second part how much It is before the second "souncerability".

Now "break" the offer. Us not so much inspired the colorful places of this quiet city, how much The state of its inhabitants. The first part of the Union now belongs to the lean, and the second to the subject. This is the error of this type.

Consider more examples:

Example 1: It can be argued that the mood was the main not only for the creator of the poem but also For his readers. That's right: each part stands before Pts, in this example before add-ons. Compare with an incorrectly built proposal: It can be argued that the mood was not onlythe main thing for the creator of the poem but also For his readers. Parts of the Union are uniformly uniform members, but a leakable and addition.

Rule 2.It is also necessary to remember that parts of the double union are constant, they can not be replaced by in other words. So, the wrong offer will be Purchase of Stroganov not only cooked salt as well as since the Union not only .. as well not. The Union "Not only" has the second part "BUT", and not "also". The correct version of this offer will be: Purchase of Stroganov not only cooked salt but alsomined iron and copper in their lands

This is how it is possible: (in brackets are the options of the second part).

1) not only ... but (a and; but even; and also; and besides); not only not ... But (but rather, rather; on the contrary, on the contrary); not only; 2) not that ... but (and; just; even not even); Even ... not that; not even ... not that; not even ... all the more;

3) moreover ... also; Not only ... also; little of; Moreover, moreover; worse than And even.

7.6.3 In the sentences with homogeneous members there is a generalizing word.

It must be borne in mind that all uniform members should stand in the same case in which a generalizing word is.

Grammatically, the proposal will be: I forgot about ob all: about the alarms and sophors, about sleepless nights, about sadness and longing. . The word [about] "All" is generalizing, it is in the proposed case. In the same case, it is all very good.

Failure to comply with this rule is a gross violation of the syntactic norm: darov: Luke-Safety, Sable and Decorations.

In this sentence, the generalizing word "gifts" is in the form of a genitive case, and all homogeneous members ("Luke Self-Ways, Sable and Decorations") - in the form of a nominative case. Consequently, this proposal is incorrect. Correct Option: Soon the nobleman took up the inspection of the brought darov: self-Lukov, Soboles and Jewelery.

7.6.5 Use as homogeneous members of various syntactic elements of the sentence

.

There is a strict grammatical norm that prescribes which items can be, and which cannot be combined into homogeneous members.

We list cases at which this rule is broken.

If the proposal is combined into homogeneous

- the form of the noun and indefinite form of verb: i love chess and swim, like embroider and needlework, I'm afraid of darkness and stay oneand similar;

- different forms of the name of the faith: sister was saddened and alarmed, she was younger and kind and similar;

- involved turnover and apparent offer: The main characters of the story are people who are not afraid of difficulties and who are always true to their word; I do not like people who change their attitude and which they do not hide. And similar;

Involved and particlepot: Loving their work and trying to fulfill it well, the builders have achieved excellent results. and similar;

that is - grammar mistake. Note that such violations are found in written work very often, therefore, like all the task 7, this part is of great practical importance.

The error types below met in Questions until 2015.

7.6.4 Different pretexts can be used for homogeneous members.

In one row, Pts when listing is possible to use prepositions, for example: in Theater, I. on the exhibition VDNH, and on the Red Square. As you can see, pretexts are used in this offer. in and on theAnd this is true. The error will use the same pretext to all the words of this series: For three stays in Moscow, I visited in Theater and exhibition VDNH, and Red Square. It is impossible to be "in VDNH" and "in Red Square." Therefore, the rule sounds like this: you can not use the overall pretext to all members of the series, if, in meaning, this preposition does not suit at least one of the Op.

Error Example: Crowds of people were everywhere: on the streets, squares, squares. Before the word "Squares" it is necessary to add the pretext of "B," as this word is not used with the pretext of "on". Correct Option: Crowds of people were everywhere: on the streets, squares, in squares.

7.6.6 Connection in one row of species and generic concepts

For example, in the sentence: The package lay oranges, juice, bananas, fruits A logical error is allowed. Oranges and Bananas are species concepts in relation to the word "fruits" (that is, general), therefore, cannot stand with him in one row of homogeneous members. Correct Option: The package lay juice and fruits: bananas, oranges.

Another example with an error: Adults and children, and schoolchildren came to meet with the famous artist. The words "children" and "schoolchildren" can not be made homogeneous.

7.6.7 Eating in one row of homogeneous members of logically incompatible concepts

For example, in the proposal Watchful walked with bags and sad faces Error is felt: there can be no homogeneous "faces" and "bags".

A similar intentional violation can act as a stylistic admission: Only Masha, heating and winter(K. G. Powesty). When frost and mother allowed to stick out the nose from the house, Nikita went to wander around the yard one (A.N. Tolstoy). Only if it is permissible for the artistic work of the level of Tolstoy or Chekhov (they are not on the exam, they can joke, play with words!), Neither in written works, nor in task 7 such humor will not be assessed.

B) a violation of communication between the subject and faithful in Proposition 6 is that with the subject to be tamed in the singular

Let us give a true writing: everyone who studied the mathematical class passed the test for excellent.

Item rule 7.3.1

7.3. Coordination of the subject to the subject

Introduction

Subject - the main member of the sentencewhich is consistent with his faithful grammar laws.

The subject and taped usually have the same grammatical forms of the number, kind, persons, for example: Rush clouds, clouds are closed; The invisibility of the moon illuminates the snow of volatile; Mute sky, mutna night.

In such cases, we can talk about the coordination of the faraway with the subject. However, the compliance of the grammatical forms of the main members of the proposal is not necessary, perhaps incomplete compliance with the grammatical forms of the main members: My whole life was a guarantee of databa faithful with you - correspondence of the forms of the number, but different forms of the kind; Your lot - endless troubles- Non-compliance of the forms of the number.

The grammatical relationship of the main members of the sentence is considered as coordination. This grammatical connection is wider and free in comparison with the coordination. Different words can enter it, their morphological properties should not necessarily comply with each other.

When coordinating the main members of the sentence, the problem of choosing the forms of the number of faith, when the genus is found to be difficult to determine. Consideration of these issues and is dedicated to this section "Help".

7.3.1. In a complex proposal in the role of the pronoun

If in the sentence (and not necessarily in the NGN!) The pronoun is used, then you need to know a number of rules prescribing how to properly agree with it.

A) if someone is subject to pronouns, which, no one, nothing, someone, someone, who will be failed in the form of the singular: For example: [those, ( who neglects the opinion of others), risk to stay alone].

Example 1. (Whoever came), [everyone learn].

Example 2. [About, (that the occupation was postponed), no one knew].

Example 1. (Whoever came, [everyone learn].

Example 2. [About, (that the occupation was transferred), no one knew].

B) If the pronoun is pronounted in a plural, all the legend is put in the form of a plural. If the pronoun is subject to pronounced in the singular, the one, then the faebate is put in the form of the singular.For example: [ Those (who finished school with honors), have more chances to enter the university free of charge].

This offer is built on such a model:

[Those, (who + lean), ... leaving ...]. And this is the most common model in which it is proposed to find a mistake. We analyze the structure of a challenge offer: in the main sentence, the pronoun "those" - is subject to, MN. h; "Have" -Quable, MN.C. This corresponds to the rules B.

Now attention to the apparent proposal: "Who" -like, "graduated" - the one for the only number. This corresponds to the rule A.

Consider proposals with a grammatical error:

Example 1. [All, (who purchased tickets at the box office) must register on the flight].

Example 2. [Those, (who at least once saw the Northern Lights), will no longer be able to forget this extraordinary phenomenon].

Example 3. [Those, (who are planning holiday vacation), buy tickets in the spring].

We give the corrected options:

Example 1. [All, (who purchased tickets at the box office), must register on their own on their own].

Example 2. [Those, (who at least once saw the Northern Lights), will no longer be able to forget this extraordinary phenomenon].

In Examples 1 and 2, the error is easy to see: it is enough to throw out the apparent offer.. In the following example, the error often remains unnoticed.

Example 3. [Those, ( who is planning vacation for the summer), buy tickets in the spring].

C) if one of the phrases is expressed, each of ..., each of ..., none of .. then the legend is put in the form of the singular. If many of the phrases are expressed by the phrase ..., some of ..., all out .. then the faithful is put in the form of a plural. For example: [None of those (who took a prize place), did not want to go to the republican competition].

Consider proposals with a grammatical error:

Example 4. [Many of those (who were in the park of Mikhailovsky), amazed the magnitude of the old manor trees].

Example 5. [Each of us, (who was in a similar situation), certainly thought about ways out of her].

Example 6. [Each of the Parties, (which presented its project), defended its advantages over other projects].

We give the corrected options:

Example 4. [Many of those (who visited Mikhailovsky Park), the magnitude of vintage manor trees was affected].

Example 5. [Each of us, (who visited a similar situation), certainly thought about ways out of her].

Example 6. [Each of the parties, (which presented its project), defended its advantages over other projects].

D) if there is a turn around in the sentence who, as not .., the failed is put in the form of the only number of male genus. For example: Who, how are not parents, should he teach children to communicate with the ability?

This turn can be considered as clarifying, see other examples in paragraph 7.3.3, part B.

Consider proposals with a grammatical error:

Example 7. Who, how not we should worry about the purity of our cities?

Example 8. Who, if not Mom, let you give you a sample of endurance and life?

We give the corrected options:

Example 7. Who, how not we should worry about the purity of our cities?

Example 8. Who, if not Mom, let you give you a sample of endurance and life?

7.3.2 Coordination of the faithful to those subject, pronounced or a combination of words with the value of quantity

When coordinating the main members of the sentence, the problem of choosing the forms of the number of the said, when the subject indicates many objects, but performs in the singular.

A) the role of the collective name of nouns and words close to them in value.

Collective noun denote the totality of homogeneous objects or living beings as an indivisible whole: foliage, Dubnyak, Osiennik, Devora, students, teaches, professors, peasantry. They have the form only the only number, do not combine with quantitative and with words denoting units of measure, but can be combined With the words a lot / little or how much: little relatives, a little foliage, a lot of midges.

The words of people, a flock, army, group, crowd can be attributed to them by the meaning of collectivity; Thousand, Million, A hundred; Troika, couple; Darkness, the abyss, a lot and others

The collective noun to be expressed, requires the formulation of the only number of faithful:

For example: Devora hovers in the courtyard at home; Young people often manifests the initiative.

Subject, expressed noun type group, crowd also requires formulations of the only number of faithful:

For example: A group of participants of the festival shared his impressions; Troika horses swept under the windows

Consider proposals with a grammatical error:

Example 1. During the three recent years, the leadership of the Central and District Markets has repeatedly treated complaints to higher organizations.

Example 3. A pair of lovers sat on a bench.

We give the corrected options: 

Example 1. During the three years, the leadership of the Central and District Markets has repeatedly appealed with complaints of higher organizations.

Example 3. A pair of lovers sat on a bench.

B) in the role of a collective noun with a quantitative value

Most, minority, many, row, part, despite the grammatical form of the only number, denote not one subject, but a lot, and therefore the legend can take not only the form of the only number, but also multiple. For example: On this pond ... An countless ducks were displayed and held; Many hands are knocking in all windows from the street, and someone breaks on the door. What kind of forms give preference?

The most, minority, many, row, part, subject to, bearing, a large number, part of the one requires the formulation of the only number to be tamed only if:

but) there are no dependent words from collective nouns

Part went on vacation, and part remained; Many broke out, the minority remains

b) at the collective noun there is a dependent word of the singular

With the most, minority, many, row, part can be supplied to, a lot of words, part of the multiple, and multiple, if there is a dependent word in the plural:

Most students passed the standings; A number of participants demonstrated Excellent knowledge.

Part of the books was purchased for the library; A number of objects were commissioned sooner

The multiple number of faithful in such structures usually indicates the activity of the actors.

Consider cases in which the use of a multiple number of the baked is allowed and permissible.

Ledged
in the singular, if	plural if
The activity of animated persons is not emphasized: Part of the conference participants did not accept Participation in the discussion	Activity is emphasized. Subject to the industry. Most writers decisively rejected Corrections editor. Most students are good answered at the lesson.
Activity is not emphasized, the suffering communion says that the subject itself does not act. A number of workersattracted By responsibility.	Activity is emphasized in the presence of involved or particlepric turnover.
Activity is not emphasized, subject to - inanimate Most objects lay In disorder A number of workshops manufactures Details for our workshop.	A number of homogeneous members also indicate activity: Most editors, proofreaders, authors, reviewers studied These documents. Most editors receivedorder, got acquainted with its content and made Required conclusions.A number of homogeneous fad.

Nevertheless, it is necessary to take into account that the shape of the only number of a large extent corresponds to the tradition of book-written styles and the use of the shape of the plural number of the fag must be clearly substantiated. An error in the tasks of the EGE will be unreasonable formulation of a multiple number.

Consider proposals with a grammatical error:

Example 4. Most of the tasks were not competent enough.

Example 5. A number of events will be held in Yelets, Voronezh, Orel.

Example 6. Many poems of this author were published in the "Children's Library" series

We give the corrected options: 

Example 4. Most of the tasks were not competent enough.The faithful in the form of an affected communion indicates the passivity of the acting person.

Example 5. A number of events will be held in Yelets, Voronezh, Orel. The events cannot act themselves, so the faugible must be used in the singular.

Example 6. Many poems of this author were published in the "Children's Library" series. The faithful in the form of an affected communion indicates the passivity of the acting person.

C) in the role of the combination of numerical

With a quantitative-nominal combination, the same problem occurs: in which it is better to use the leakable. Chekhov find: Some three soldiers stood near the descent and silent; He had two sons. L. Tolstoy preferred such forms: Three men and Baba sat in the sleigh; In his soul, he fought two feelings - good and evil.

Note: In the assignments of the EGE, there are no such cases, since the possibility of incorrect classification of the error type is great - such cases can be attributed to an error in the use of the numeral name. Therefore, we restrict ourselves to the comments of a general nature and note the most rough mistakes allowed in written works.

With a numerical or word to be existing in its composition with a quantity value, you can put a leakable as in the form of a plural number and the only number:

Five years have passed; Ten graduates chose our institute

The use of different shapes depends on the value that brings the led in the sentence, activity and generality is emphasized by the set. Number.

The fault is usually put in the only number if

In the numerical, ending on "one":

Twenty-one student of our institute enters the national team of the city by volleyball, but Twenty-two (three, four, five ...) student of our institute enter the national team of the city of volleyball

If the message fixes one or another, the result or when the message is given impersonal character:

Twenty-two suits sold; Three or four student will be translated into another class.

The verified verb is the meaning of being, the presence, existence, position in space:

Three kingdoms stood before her. There were two windows with wide window sills. The room windows went to the north

Invalid: Three kingdoms stood. The room had two windows with wide windowsill. The room windows went to the north

The only number that creates an idea of \u200b\u200bthe united whole is used in the designation of weight measure, space, time:

Thirty-four kilograms of olifa will need to paint the roof. Until the end of the way, twenty-five kilometers remained. It took a hundred years. However, it seems that eleven o'clock struck. Five months has expired since

Invalid: Thirty-four kilograms of olifa will be required to paint the roof; Until the end of the road remained twenty-five kilometers. Passed a hundred years. However, it seems that eleven hours struck. Five months have expired since then.

With a subject, pronounced noun, the first part of which is the numerical field, the fault is usually put in the singular, and in the past time - in the middle way, eg: half an hour will pass, half a year Flying, Poliorod participated in the demonstration.

Invalid: polclass participated in the competition, half an hour will be held

7.3.3 Coordination between the subject and fault, cut off apart from each other

There may be secondary separate members of the proposals that clarify members, pressing proposals between the subject and fag. In these cases, it is necessary to clearly comply with the general rule: the lean and subject to be coordinated.

Consider private cases.

A) coordination of the subject and composite nominal faith in the sentence built according to the model " - This is SUM. "

Note for teacher:this type of error in NGN notes in his manual "How to get 100 points EGE" (2015) I.P. Tsybulko, at the same time, in the "Spelling and Literary Directory Directory" D. Rosental such an error is called a displacement of the design in a complex sentence.

The registered part of the believed in the proposal, built on the model of the SUB + SUD, should stand in the nominative case.

For example: [first, (what should be learned), it is allocating the foundation of the proposal].

The grammatical basis of the main supply consists of subject to first And the faugible selection. Both words are in the nominative case.

But it looks like offer with a mistake: [The first, (what should be learn), it is allocating the foundation of the sentence]. Under the influence of the appendage, the legend received a genitive case, which is a mistake.

Consider proposals with a grammatical error:

Example 1. [The main thing is that it is necessary to pay attention to) - this is the ideological side of the work]

Example 2. [Last, (on what should be stopped), is on the composition of the book]

Example 3. [The most important thing, (what to strive for) is to the fulfillment of the dream]

We give the corrected options:

Example 1. The main thing is that it is necessary to pay attention to) - this is the ideological side of the work]

Example 2. [Last, (on what should be stopped), is a book to the book]

Example 3. [The most important thing (what should I strive for), is the fulfillment of dreams]

B). Coordination of the subject with subject, in which there are clarifying members.

In order to clarify the subject, sometimes use clarifying (explanatory turns), connecting members of the sentences, separate additions. So, in the proposal Jury competition including the representatives of the cosmetic company selected from the hall, could not determine the winner dedicated turnover is an attachment (In other manuals, it is called clarifying).

The presence in the proposal of any member specifying the value of the subject, does not affect the number of the faraway. Such revisions are attached by words: even, especially, including, for example; In addition, in addition to, including the like. For example: Editors of the magazine including the editors of the Internet portal, stands for reorganization.

Consider proposals with a grammatical error:

Example 4. The whole team, including dancers and juggles, spoke for participating in the competition.

Example 5. The whole family, and especially the youngest children, were looking forward to the arrival of the grandfather.

Example 6. The school administration, including the members of the Parent Committee, made an expanded parent meeting.

We give the corrected options:

The error is easy to see if you throw away the apparent offer.

Example 4. The whole team, including dancers and juggles, spoke for participating in the competition.

Example 5. The whole family, and especially the youngest children, looking forward to the arrival of the grandfather. 

Example 6. The school administration, including the members of the Parent Committee, made an expanded parent meeting.

7.3.4 Coordination of the facility with the subject, the genus or the number of which is difficult to determine.

For the correct communication of the subject with the faugible, it is very important to know the name of the noun.

A) certain discharges or groups nouns have difficulties in determining the genus or number.

The genus and the number of unlocked nouns, abbreviations, words-conditional names and a number of other words are determined by special rules. For proper coordination of such words with the faugible, their morphological signs need to know.

Ignorance of these rules cause mistakes: Sochi became the capital of the Olympics; cocoa cooled; Shampoo ended; The university announced a set of students, the Foreign Ministry reported

Need to: Sochi became the capital of the Olympics; Cocoa cooled; Shampoo ended, university announced a set of students, the Foreign Ministry said

The names of the nouns, the genus of which is difficult to be determined, are considered in the study section of the above material, you can successfully perform not only the task 6, but also 7.

Consider suggestions with errors

Example 1. Banderol was sent at the beginning of the week.

In the proposal, the word "parcel" is subject to, female. The faeed "was sent" stands in male. This is mistake. Correct: Banderol was sent at the beginning of the week

Example 2. Tulle perfectly harmonized with the color of upholstered furniture.

In the proposal, the word "Tulle" is subject to men. The faugible "came up" stands in the female. This is mistake. Correct: Tulle perfectly harmonized with the color of upholstered furniture.

Example 3. UN came to the next meeting.

In the proposal, the word "UN" is subject to, female (organization). The legend "gathered" stands on average. This is mistake. Correct: UN gathered at the next meeting.

Example 4. Foreign Ministry reported participation in the meeting

In the proposal, the word "MID" is subject to, it does not change. When deciphering we get "Ministry

foreign Affairs. " At the same time, we remember that this word refers to the male race. The legend "reported" is on average. This is mistake. Correct: Foreign Ministry reported participation in the meeting.

Example 5. Moscow Komsomolets published a rating of the best universities of the country.

In the proposal of the phrase "Moscow Komsomolets" is subject to, this is the conditional Russian name, the word of the male race, as the word "Komsomolets". The faeed "printed" stands in the female. This is mistake. Correct: "Moscow Komsomolets" printed the rating of the best universities of the country.

Example 6. Tbilisi attract tourists .

In the proposal, the word "Tbilisi" is subject to, this is an immutable conditional name. This is the word of a male race, as the word "city". The faugible "attract" stands in a plural. This is mistake. Correct: Tbilisi attracts tourists. 

B) coordination of the facred with the profession subject to

With the name of a noun male genus, denoting a profession, position, title, etc., the faithful is put in male genus, regardless of the floor of the person who is talking about.For example: pedagogue made a report, the director summoned an employee

FROM error will be sentences, in which pedagogue made a report, the director aroused an employee .

Note: With its own behalf of the person, especially the names in which these words act as applications, the legend is consistent with its own name: Sergeyev's teacher read a lecture. Read more about it below, 7.3.5

7.3.5 under the application to be located

The application is a definition expressed by the noun agreed with the defined word in the case: city (What?) Sochi, Bird (What?) Hummingbird, site (what?) "Svezhegoe"

As a general rule, the legend is consistent with the subject, and the presence of the application in the form of another kind or number does not affect the approval

For example: Plant, this Grand Mahina seemed to be the ship of unheard of sizes An erroneous will be an offer Plant, this Grand Mahina seemed also to be a ship of unheard of sizes .

If the application is subject to eating, then, first of all, it is necessary to find out which of the words is subject to, and what - the application, and then put the faithful in one way or another.

Table 1. Application and subject to written separately. When combining the generic name and species or species and individual, the word denoting a wider concept is considered to be considered, and the legend is consistent with it. We give examples:

Annex-Written:

rose flower is amazing groin; Oak tree rummaged; Soup Kharcho Kooned

Annex - Own Name

the Dnipro River spread; newspaper "Moscow's comsomolets" came out; Barbos Barbos Dog

Exception: People's Surnames. In pairs, engineer Svetlova said, Dr. Sciences Zvantseva came out, head Marina Sergeevna Named the names are subject to.

Table 2. Submitted is sophisticated noun forming termsIn which one part of the function resembles the application. In these cases, the leading (defined) word is the word that expresses a broader concept or specifically denotes the subject.

The failed consistent with the first word, both words change

the chair-bed stood in the corner; The laboratory has completed the order; The invoice is discharged in a timely manner; The Studio Theater brought up a lot of actors; Attention attracted a poster table; The song-romance has become very popular

The leakable consistent with the second word, the first word does not change:

cafe-dining open (dining room- broader concept); automatic diner is open (In this combination, the carrier of a specific value is part of the diner); cloak tent lay (a tent in the form of a raincoat, and not a cloak in the form of a tent); "Roman-Gazeta" came out in great circulation (Newspaper is a broader name).

EXAMPLE 1 ice cream cake cut into equal parts .

Complexed noun "ice cream cake" on the main, more general word "cake" of a male race, so: Cake frozen cut on equal parts

Example 2. The story "Children of the Dungeon" was written by V.G. Korolenko. .

The conditional name is an application, so you need to coordinate the legend with the word "story": The story "Children of the Dungeon" was written by V.G. Korolenko.

Example 3. A tiny dog, a very puppy, suddenly lay loudly. .

The word "dog", it is a female kind, so: A tiny dog, quite a puppy, suddenly lay loudly.

Example 4. Yesterday I read the first lecture of the young teacher Petrov. .

The surname "Petrova", it is a female kind, so: Yesterday I read the first lecture of the young teacher Petrov.

A) in the proposal homogeneous and one led

If the faithful refers to several subjects, non-connected unions or connected by means of a connecting union, the following coordination forms are used:

The faugible, standing after homogeneous subject, is usually put in a plural:

Industry and agriculture in Russia are steadily developing.

The faithful preceding homogeneous subject is usually consistent with the nearest of them:

Topot and screams heard in the village

If separation or opposing alliances are subject to standby, then the faithful is placed in the singular.

The experienced fear or instant fright seems to be funny and strange, and incomprehensible. Not you, but fate is to blame.

Consider suggestions with errors:

Example 1. Passion for sports and rigid routine of the day did his job. .

Two subject, faithful standing after a number of homogeneous members, therefore should stand in a plural: Passion for sports and rigid routine of the day did their job.

Example 2. Not mind, and fear suddenly mastered by me. .

Two subjects, with the Union A, the fault therefore should be in the singular: Not mind, and fear suddenly mastered me.

Example 3. The usual noise and loud voices were given away. .

Two subject, faithful standing in front of a number of homogeneous members, so it should be singled out: The usual noise and loud voices were given away.

B) a combination of a noun in the noun with a noun in the creative case (with a pretext with a) type "brother and sister"

The formulation of the attacked in a multiple or only number depends on how the meaning is attached to the phrase: a joint action or separate.

When combined in a noun in the noun case, with a noun in the arterial case (with a pretext with a) type "brother and sister" is faced:

in pluralif both called objects (persons) act as equal action manufacturers (both are subject to);

Pasha with Petya waited a long time to return the mother and was very worried.

in the singularif the second subject (person) accompanies the main manufacturer of action ( is an add-on):

Mother with a child went to ambulatory. Nikolai and younger sister came later than all.

Only in the singular with the words together, together:

Father and mother went outside the city.

Only in the singular with a pronounced pronoun me, you

i will come with a different; you sat down with mom

Consider suggestions with errors:

Example 1. Brother together with friends went to the beach. .

With the word "together", the fault cannot stand in a plural: Brother together with friends went to the beach.

Example 2. I'll come to the lesson with Ruslana today. .

With a subject (+ someone else), the fault cannot stand in the plural: I will come to the lesson with Ruslana today. Or: We will come to the lesson with Ruslana.

Example 3. You and your sister will live in this room. .

With subject to you (+ someone else), the fault cannot stand in a plural: You and your sister will live in this room.Or: You and your sister will live in this room.

C) Incorrect construction of a proposal with an indirect speech in Proposition 7 is that when trying to transfer indirect speech, the verbs associated with it remained unchanged.

We give the right spelling: Tonya solemnly promised that she would not give me anyone.

Item rule 7.9.2.

7.9 Wrong construction of someone else's proposals

This task is checked by the skill of students to properly build offers with quotes and an indirect speech: out of 9 proposals to the right you need to find one that contains an error.

The rules set out below will be talking about citation and on indirect speechThese are very close, but not the same units.

In everyday life, especially often in oral speech, we often use the transmission of someone's words from your own behalf, the so-called indirect speech.

Suggestions with an indirect speech are complex proposals consisting of two parts (author's words and indirect speech), which are connected by unions what seems to, or pronouns and adverbs who is what, what, how, where, when, why et al., or a particle lie.

For example: I was told that it was my brother. She demanded that I watched her eyes, and I asked if I remember Pescase, our little quarrels, picnics. They talked about how the birds caught with me.

Proposals with an indirect speech serve to transfer someone else's speech on behalf of the speaker, and not the one who actually said it. Unlike proposals with a direct speech, they transmit only the content of someone else's speech, but cannot transmit all the features of its shape and intonation.

Let's try to restore the sentences: from indirect speech I will transfer to offers from a direct speech:

I was told that it was my brother. "I was told:" It was your brother. "

She demanded that I watched her eyes, and I asked if I remember Pescase, our little quarrels, picnics. - She said: "Look my eyes!" And then demanded asked: "Do you remember Pescarev, our meetings, our quarrels, picnics? Do you remember? "

Friend asked: "How do birds caught you?"

As can be seen from examples, the proposals coincide only in meaning, and here are the verbs, and pronouns, and the unions are changing. Consider the rules for the transfer of direct speech into the indirect: it is very important both for writing an essay and to perform the task 7.

7.9.1 Basic rule:

when replacing proposals with direct speech offers with indirect speech, special attention should be paid to the proper use of personal and assigning pronouns, as well as related verbs, since in an indirect speech we convey other words from our own behalf.

Direct speech offer	Rightly decorated indirect speech	Incorrectly decorated indirect speech
Father said: " I I'll be back late. "	Father said that is he Verne this issmiling late.	Father said I'll be back late.
We asked: "A you Where did you come from? "	We asked where is he I arrived.	We asked, "Where did you come from."
I admitted: " Your Books took Mikhail. "	I admitted that them Books took Mikhail.	I admitted that "your books took Mikhail."
Children shouted: " we not guilty!"	Children shouted that they are not guilty.	The children shouted that "we are not guilty."
Pay attention toIt is possible to help the quotes, but it is impossible to navigate on them, since quotes are standing at the application, and in offers with quotes without errors, and not in all tasks.

7.9.2 There are a number of additional rules,

associated with a feature of the transfer of direct speech into the indirect, their observance is also checked in the task 7.

a) if direct speech is a narrative proposal,

what. Example: The secretary replied: "I fulfilled the request." - Secretary replied that he fulfilled a request. The pronoun is replaced!

b) if direct speech is a question offer,

then when replacing it, the role of verification unions perform Questionful pronouns, adverbs, particleswho were in the literal question. The question mark after the indirect question is not put. Example: "What did you manage to do?" - asked the teacher of students. - The teacher asked students that they had time to do. The pronoun is replaced!

c) when there are no question pronoun, adverbs, particles in direct speech - an intercession

when replacing it, the indirect is used to communicate a particle Lie. Example: "Do you correct the text?" - I was looking forward to the secretary. - The secretary asked with impatience, correct the text.The pronoun is replaced!

d) if direct speech is an exclamation offer with a motion to action,

then it is replaced with an inexpressive attachment with the Union to. Example: Father shouted to his son: "Return!" - Father shouted his son to return.Propheate Added!

e) particles and words, grammatically related to members of the sentence

(appeals, interjections, introductory words, complex offers) and contained in direct speech, when it is replaced by an indirect speech, lowered. Example: "Ivan Petrovich, make up the estimate for the next quarter," asked the chief accountant director. - The director asked the chief accountant so that it makes the estimate for the next quarter.

7.9.3. Special quotation rules.

When writing essays, it is often necessary to quote either the desired fragment of the source text, or bring the memory statement, organically turn on the quote into the offer. There are three ways to introduce quotes in their speech:

1) With a direct speech, in compliance with all the punctuation marks, for example: Pushkin said: "Love all ages are submissive" or "Love all ages are submissive," Pushkin said. This is the easiest way, but it is not always comfortable. Such proposals will meet as true!

2) with put supply offer, that is, using alliances, for example: Pushkin said that "Love all ages are submissive". Pay attention to the changed punctuation marks. This method no different from the transfer of indirect speech.

3) Quote can be included in your text using input words, for example: As Pushkin said, "Love all ages are submissive".

Note that in quotate can not change anything: What is concluded in quotes is transmitted absolutely, without any distortion. If you need to include in your text, only a part of the quotes are used by special signs (dots, different types of brackets), but this is not related to this task, since punctuation errors in the task 7 does not happen.

Consider some of the features of citation.

a) How to avoid mistakes if there is a quote with pronoun?

On the one hand, the quotes cannot be changed, on the other, it is impossible to leave the pronoun. If you just insert a quote, there will be errors: Napoleon once noticed that " i I can lose this battle, but I can not lose a minute ". Or so: In his memoirs, Korolenko wrote that always " i Saw in the face of Chekhov undoubted intelligence. "

In both offers you need:

first, replace the pronoun I on it, eliminate the pronoun from the quote:

secondly, change the verbs, tied them with new pronsections and also exclude from the quotation, so we know that it is impossible to change anything.

With such changes, the quotes will certainly "suffer", and if we can maintain the second sentence in this form: Korolenko wrote that is he Always "saw in the face of Chekhov undoubted intelligence"The statement of Napoleon will not work out. Therefore, we boldly remove the quotes and replace the quotation of an indirect speech: Napoleon once noticed that he can lose this battle, but not can Lose minute.

b) emphasizes the cases of an erroneous combination of two ways to introduce quotes in the proposal,

what causes a grammatical error. As we already know, a quote can be introduced either as an apparent offer, or with the help of introductory words. This is what happens if two ways are connected:

Wrong: According to Maupassant, what "Love is strong, like death, but fragile, like glass".

Right: According to Maupassant, "Love is strong, like death, but fragile, like glass."

Wrong: According to P. I. Tchaikovsky, what "Inspiration is born only from labor and during labor".

Right: According to P. I. Tchaikovsky, "Inspiration is born only from labor and during labor."

Thus, we formulate the rule: when using introductory words, the Union is not used.

c) in the works of students meet cases when the quote is introduced by introductory words,

but direct speech is drawn up as a separate offer. This is not only a violation of punctuation, this is a violation of the rules for building a sentence with a quote.

Wrong: According to Antoine de Saint-Exupery: "Zorko is one heart only: you won't see the most important eyes."

Right: According to Antoine de Saint-Exupery, "Zorkko is one heart: you won't see the most important eyes."

Wrong: According to L. N. Tolstoy: "Art - the highest manifestation of power in man".

Right: According to L. N. Tolstoy, "Art is the highest manifestation of power in man."

D) a violation in building a proposal with a personal turnover in sentence 3 is caused by the fact that the "convinced" communion is not consistent with its main word. Yes, and the entire offer must be rebuilt so that it is more clear.

We give a correct Writing: Bryusov, (which?) Convinced that the future belongs to art expressing the experiences of a bright and independent person, he is interested in decadent.

Paragraph rules 7.1.1-7.1.2

7.1. Eating involved turns

Introduction

The involvement of turnover is communion with dependent words.. For example, in the proposal graduates, successfully surrendered the exam, become applicants

word graduates -Fine word

surrendered - communion

surrendered (how?) successfully and surrendered (what?) Exam is species dependent.

Thus, the involvement in this sentence is successfully surrendered exam. If you change the order of words and write down the same offer in a different way, placing turnover before the main word ( Successfully surrendered exam graduates become applicants), only punctuation will change, and the turnover remains unchanged.

It is very important: before starting work with the task of 7 to find errors in the proposal with the communion, we advise you to break and explore the task 16, in which the ability to put commas with properly built involved and particle turns are checked.

The purpose of the task is to find one such proposal in which grammatical norms are violated when using involuntary turnover. Of course, the search must be started with the locomotion. Remember that the wanted communion should be certainly in full form: a brief form never forms involuntary turnover, but is a surehead.

To successfully fulfill this task you need to know:

• rules for the coordination of communion and the main (or determined) word;
• rules for the location of the involvement in relation to the main word;
• time and type of communion (present, past; perfect, imperfect);
• pledge of communion (valid or suffering)

Pay attention toThat in a proposal with a certain turnover can be made not alone, but two or even three errors.

Note for teachers: Consider that the authors of various benefits point of view on the classification, as well as the types of errors that can be attributed to a specific type, is different. The basis of the classification is based on solv. Tsybulko.

We classify all types of possible grammatical errors when using involuntary turnover.

7.1.1 Violation of the coordination of communion with a defined word

The rule by which single communion (as well as included in the involvement) is consistent with the main (\u003d defined) word requires the production of communion in the same genus, the number and case that the main word:

About children (what?) Returning from the trip; For the exhibition (what?) Preparing in the museum.

Therefore, we simply find a proposal in which there is a complete communion, and its ending does not correspond to (or) genus, (or) with a case, (or) the number of the main word.

1 type, the easiest

I happened to communicate with the guests, present At the opening of the exhibition.

What is the cause of the error? The communion is not coordinated with the word to which it must obey, that is, the ending should be different. We put the question from the noun and change the end of the communion, that is, we agree on the word.

I happened to chat with guests (What?), present At the opening of the exhibition.

In these examples, the noun and its communion are nearby, the error seems easily. But it happens not always.

2 type, harder

Consider sentences with grammatical error.

I want to find lyrics heard recently.

There are two noun in these proposals: author, books; lyrics. Which one is attached to turnover with communion? We think about the sense. What was published by, author or his book? What do you want to find, words or a song?

We give a corrected option:

I want to find lyrics (what?), heard recently.

3 type, even more difficult

Communions sometimes perform a very large senseless mission. We think about the sense!

Compare two suggestions:

The noise of the sea (what?), Walked me, was very strong. What awaned? It turns out that the sea. Sea can not wake up.

Noise (what?) The sea, walked me, was very strong. What awaned? It turns out that noise. And the noise can wake. This is the right option.

I heard heavy steps (what?) Bear, persecuted me. Steps cannot pursue.

I heard the heavy steps of the Bear (what?), persecuted me. The bear can pursue. This is the right option.

Children of employees (what?), having any diseases, get preferential trips to the sanatorium. The communion of the "having" refers to the word "employees". It turns out that the diseases will be at employees, and the children of patients will receive a trip. This is an incorrect version.

Children (what?) Employees, having any diseases, get preferential trips to the sanatorium. The communion "having" refers to the word "children", and we understand that these children have diseases, and they need trips.

4 type optional

Often there are proposals in which there is a phrase of two words, the first of which is part of the whole, designated by the second, for example: each of their participants, one of all, any of the named, some of them, part of the gifts.. Each of the identity can be attached to the involuntary turnover, depending on the meaning: in such phrases, the Communion (involved turnover) can be coordinated with any word. There will be an error if the communion "hangs" and will not have connections with any of the words.

Consider sentences with grammatical error.

Each of the participants who received the maximum number of points was granted the right to fulfill another number.

The communion can be coordinated both with the word "each" and the word "participants".

To everyone (what?) From participants, obtained the maximum number of points, was granted the right to fulfill another number

Each of the participants (what?), received the maximum number of points, It was granted the right to fulfill another number.

We draw attention to the fact that the mistake will be disagreement with either the first word, nor with the second:

Incorrectly: each of the participants who received ... or each of the participants who received ... So it is impossible.

In explanations, the solution is more often used in solving with the end of them.

Similarly correct: part of books (which?), received as a giftwill go as a gift.

Or part (what) books, received as a giftwill go as a gift.

Invalid: part of the books received as a gift will go as a gift.

Note: this type of error when checking the essays consider an error of coordination.

7.1.2 Interested turnover and place of the main word

In properly built proposals with the involvement the main thing (or defined word) cannot stand inside the involvement. His place or before, or after it. Remember that this depends on the alignment of punctuation marks !!!

Consider sentences with grammatical error.

Must be carefully checked documentation on examination.

We walked on the diluted alley fallen leaves.

Lead street The city was free.

Created novel The young author called the lively disputes.

note: With such a construction, it is completely incomprehensible, to set a comma.

We give a corrected option:

It is necessary to carefully check documentation, directed by expertise. Or: must be carefully checked directed by expertise documentation.

We walked in alley, using fallen leaves. Or: we walked using fallen leaves alley.

Streetleading to the city was free. Or: leading to the city street Was free.

7.1.3. Involved turns that include incorrect forms of communion

In accordance with the norms of the formation of communion, in the modern Russian literary language, the forms of communities formed from the verbs of the perfect species with the meaning of the real time are not used: there is no words putting, helping, reading,. According to the editorial office, solu, such erroneous forms should be submitted in the task 6, but since I.P. manuals Tsybulko There are similar examples, we consider it important to note this type too.

Consider sentences with grammatical error.

Until I found man, smyful help me.

The valuable prize is expecting participant, Finding the answer to this question.

These proposals need to be corrected, because from the verbs of the perfect species, the communion of the future is not formed. It does not happen at the communities of the future..

We give a corrected option:

We replace the non-existent communion verb in the conditional inclination.

While I did not find a person who could help me.

The valuable prize is awaiting a person who will find the answer to this question.

7.1.4. Involved turns that include incorrect shapes of pledge of communion

This type of error was in the tasks of the previous years (until 2015). In books I.P. Tsybulko 2015-2017 there is no such task. This type is recognized the hardest, and the error is associated with the fact that the communion is not used in the pledge, in other words, instead of the suffering is used valid.

Consider sentences with grammatical error.

Documentation, accounting for expertise

Competition, conducted by the organizers

Foam, pouring into the bath, It has a pleasant fragrance.

We give a corrected option:

Documentation, directed to expertise must be carefully checked.

Competition, conducted by the organizers, I really liked the participants.

A foam that pour into the bath has a pleasant aroma.

E) Violation in the construction of a sentence with a height turnover in Proposition 2 is that the ledge of "Walking" was mistaken to the leakage. It turned out that the air refreshed, going. And it is meaningless.

We give the right spelling: when we walked along the coast, the sea air pleasantly refreshing our faces.

Item rule 7.8.1 Type 1

7.8. Consumption of particle turns. Errors with use

Introduction

DEPARTH DEPARTMENT - this is a leadingness with dependent words.

Tempecility always denotes an extension action that occurs in parallel with the main one, for example: a man walked (main action), waving his arms (added, which is at the same time making); The cat fell asleep (main action), pursing the legs (an additional action, which at the same time doing?)

Teperysty answer the question of what making? (imperfect) and what made? (perfect view). At the same time, you can ask questions as? how? for what purpose? and similar. Tempecility always denotes a sign of action, that is, describes how the main action takes place.

We classify all types of possible grammatical errors in the use of particlephotus.

7.8.1 DEPARTMENT TURN IN OFFICE CONTRACT

The general rule of consumption of particraffact sounds like this: temploying and the legend must indicate the actions of the same person, that is, subject. This person performs two actions: one basic, second adding. Tempecility should be easily replaced by the second verb: sella, decomposing textbooks - sat down and laid out; Watched, smiling - looked and smiled.

Type 1. Temploying and verbal leaky, expressed by the verb without postfix -

Consider sentences with grammatical error.

Slipping on the ice, I was picked up by a guy.

Passing under the house, I almost fell as icicle.

In each of the proposals of the actors there were two: in the first one, someone slipped and someone picked up; In the second: someone passed and someone almost fell. But due to the error in the construction, it turns out that the guy picked up, slipped; Soselka almost fell, passing.

With such a construction, the designer is erroneously attributed to one act, and the faithful to another, which violates the main rule. To avoid mistakes, you need to ensure that the verbal spirits and the faithful belong to one person.

When I slipped on ice, I was picked up by a guy.

When I passed (a) under the house, I almost fell to the icicle.

Type 2. The verbality refers to the leakage in the form of a brief suffering communion

Having written the poem "death of the poet", Lermontov's fate was determined.

After analyzing the poetic textI was absolutely defined by his size.

As in type 1, verbality and the legend belong to different persons. Due to the error in the construction, it turns out that fate was defined by writing; The size is defined, analyzed. The faithful is a brief suffering party.

If the faithful is pronounced briefly communion, it means that it does not act itself, something is done with it. With this form of a taent, verbalia cannot be.

We will give options for corrected offers:

When Lermontov wrote a poem "death of the poet", his fate was determined.

When I analyzed The poetic text, I was completely correctly defined its size.

Type 3. The particlepic turnover is attached to a lesome-return verb in a suffering value having a postfix sia

Consider suggestions with a grammatical error.

Usually, creating his workin it expresses sia Copyright for life and people.

Having received education, Students direct sia senior master to practice.

As in type 2, the actual acts actually acts in such a proposal: the relationship expresses sia (someone); Displays sia (someone); Direct sia (someone). But A. if there is no action, then there can be no additional, added, pronounced by verbalism. We replace the consideration of the discharge offer.

We will give options for corrected offers:

It is commonly when the work is created, it expresses copyright to life and people. Or: Creating a workThe author always expresses his attitude to life and people.

When students receive education, they are sent by the senior master to practice.

7.8.2. In accompany the turnover in the proposal without subject to

It often happens that the subject performing both actions can be formally not expressed, that is, there is no suggestion. This in this case is about the one-main sentences. It is these types that cause the greatest difficulties in finding an error.

Type 4. DEPARTMENT TRANSFER IN A LUNCLE OFFICE (except type 7)

Consider sentences with grammatical error.

Putting a rather important telegramI didn't have enough money.

He was sad.

Subject to no, the acting person is pronounced to me (This is a denational case). The use of a leading turnover in impersonal suggestions is unacceptable. It is possible to: or make an applied supplier from an adder accomplice, or from impersonal to make the usual, with the subject.

The exceptions make up proposals with the verb -infining, see Type 7.

We will give options for corrected offers:

When I sent a rather important telegram, I did not have enough money.

Refusing the experimentHe experienced sadness.

Type 5. DEPARTH DEPARTMENT IN A UFINARD AND PERFORMANCE

Consider suggestions with a grammatical error.

Having received a good education, Griboedov sent the secretary of the diplomatic mission to Persia.

Without finishing the reportThe head of the department was offered to go on a business trip.

There can be no height turnover in subject if it is not defined. Such a situation arises in indefinitely With the verb in the form of the last time of the plural.

Who sent? Who got? Who suggested? Who did not finish the report? Unclear. We replace the turnover on the apparent offer or rebuild so that it was clear who has received an education, and who finished the report.

We will give options for corrected offers:

When Griboedov received a good education, he was sent by the secretary of the diplomatic mission to Persia.

Without completing the report, the head of the department received an offer to go on a business trip.

7.8.3. Camera account in the proposal without subject. Permitted techniques.

Due to the fact that in the tasks there may be the right sentences with an inaccessible turnover, we consider it important to place a table with such examples and such rules that are not found in erroneous. All that this table is allowed.

Type 6. The verbal turnover refers to the verb in the imperative

Turning the street, carefully follow the movement of transport.

Having got a task to deathCheck if there is a request, order or advice.

There is no suggestion of the subject. But it is allowed to use particle inclusive turns in such suggestions where the verb is used in the imperative: watch, go, write, look for, and so on. It turns out that both the turnover, and the lean refers to one person to whom we advise you to do something. Easily substitute pronoun you: You follow, moving; You check by receiving.

Type 7. DEPROCHED TURNERS TRANSPORTS

Consider proposals without errors.

Walking on the autumn forest, It is nice to inhale the blurred fragrance of fallen foliage.

Rassing the work, it should be carefully checked.

With the fact that there is no subject (impersonal offer) it is permissible to use a height turnover if he belongs to the infinitive: walking, inhale; reading, sitting; Dreaming, hack; Dream, dream.

Not all allowances allow this rule: in some of them, it is necessary to have an infinitive, you can, you need, and others (the so-called modal words). In any case, suggestions like: rewriting, it should be noted; Starting, it is necessary to finish; Having received, you need to do, will be unmistakable.

Type 8. Conditional turnover in a certain personal or generalized and personal offer.

Consider the proposals without errors.

Going around the family table in the house of parents, I always remember grandmother's pies and tea with viburnum and mint.

Planning the upcoming vacation, carefully calculate the family budget.

Subject not, but offer definitely personaleasy to substitute pronoun we. You can turn around! He belongs to the implied person: we remember, going to; We expect, planning.

Answers in order corresponding to the letters:

A.	B.	IN	G.	D.
9	6	7	3	2

Answer: 96732.

EGE Russian.

Express training.

Task number 8.

Syntactic standards. Errors in building a challenge offer.

Task number 8. Syntactic standards.

Errors in building a challenge offer.

Today, guys, let's understand what mistakes in building a complex offer can be in task number 7.How to find them and how to fix it.

Let me remind you that a complex proposal is such a proposal that consists of several simple. By type, complex are:

• complexed
• complexed
• non-union.

IN task number 7. You are invited to find errors in building completed proposals.

Let me remind you that the complex proposal (SPP) is a proposal consisting of two or more simple, one of which is The main thing, and other (or others) - Putting.

From the main to the apparent question, the issue depends on the main, communication in the proposal - subordination.

And now approach the essence of the question number 8.

We will analyze typical errors. There are quite a lot of them, so I grouped all errors on microthem.

Typical errors in building complex proposals (SPP).

Errors in the use of verification unions.

• Invalidly selected subordinate union.

Each type of pressing has its subordination unions or allied words. The use of a union peculiar to another type of apparent is an error.

Example.

where An appropriate decision was made.

Right.

The question was discussed at the meeting, on which An appropriate decision was made (at a meeting?)

• Using at once two supervisory unions or allied words in the pressing sentence . Remember that there should always be only one Union.

Example.

what is as far as.

Right.

Reading the pages of the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", you know asidetalentedly depicted the author of the characters .

• Rememberwhat a particle Lie It is consumed in the apparent union. Therefore, it is impossible to use a particle of Lee and submissions.

Example.

We asked about , what We can lie

Right.

We asked about , we can lie Two prepare one presentation.

• It is impossible to use writing and supervisory unions at the same time. To connect two simple proposals in one complex

Example.

how just started the performance but Suddenly my phone rang.

Right.

how Only began the performance, suddenly my phone rang.

• If there are several apparent sentences in a complex sentence, which are in consecutive submission, the reused of the same union is an error .

Example.

I asked a friend tohe reminded me to I did not forget the lessons prepared post.

Right.

I asked a friend tohe reminded me to bring a prepared message to the lesson.

Errors related to the use of indicative words in the main sentence.

• Skip the desired index word.

Example.

Mom constantly scolds me that I was constantly late for lessons. (Missed the indicative word with the pretext of "for that")

Right.

Mom constantly scolds me forthat I am constantly late for lessons.

OR

Mom constantly scolds me because I am constantly late for lessons.

• Unnecessary use of the indicative word.

Example.

I have that The assumption that he was simply not prepared .

Right.

I have an assumption that he just did not prepare .

• Using the index word in incorrect case.

Example.

Teacher pointed about

Right.

Teacher pointed tothat there is mistakes in writing.

Incorrect construction of a complex proposal.

• Invalid accession of the Putitive Offer that creates ambiguity of perception of sense of suggestions.

Example.

The letter said that the auditor is going to the city, which is managed by Gingerbread. (Gingerbile manages the auditor or city?)

Right.

In the letter it was said that the city was managed by the auditor.

• Incorrect use as homogeneous members of the proposal of the definition of the apparent and involvement.

Example.

Test, monday designated

And K. which I was preparing, I was suddenly canceled.

Right.

The test work that was scheduled for Monday and to which I was preparing, was suddenly canceled.

• The use of the wrong form of the union word "which".

Example.

She is There was a hero that Always caused admiration in me.

(Hero what? - which)

Right.

She is There was a hero , which the Always caused admiration in me.

The algorithm for performing task number 8.

Errors in a complex sentence.

• Find grammar Basics, Prove that this is a complex offer.
• Prove that this complexed offerstory (in it there is the main and apparent offer).
• Look at the Union or Union SloVO: Is it suitable for this type of SPP? There are no two unions (including whether particles). Is it unlawful in the main proposal of the composite union in the main sentence? If unions are not suitable, or if there are two subordinate unions, or the composite union is incorrectly used, then this error.
• pay attention to safety wordin the main thing: whether its use is justified, or, on the contrary, it is not, although it must be). If there are violations in using a navigable word, then this error.
• note on building a sentence: There should be no two identical union related to different simply; There should be no ambiguous situation when using the word "which". If discovered the data mistakesthat proposal is incorrect.
• Note, not used whether the involuntary turnover and the apparent determination as homogeneous members. If so, then this is a mistake.

Application.

Table

Types of apparent proposals and subordinate unions, allied words in them.

View of the apparent	Questions	Subordination unions	Union words.
Determinatory	What?		Which, what what, whose, what, when, where, where, from where.
Issuctive	Questions of indirect cases.	What, as if, as if, did the particle of the Union "what".	What, who, whose, how, when, where, where, from where, why, why, why, how much.
Circumstantial
Image image	How? How?	What, as if.	What.
Measures	How many?	What, as if it seems.	How many.
Degree	How? In what degree?	What, as if it seems.	How, as far as.
Places	Where? Where to? Where?		Where, where, from where.
Of time	When? How long? Since when? How long?	When, while, barely, as soon as before, while, since then, as long as before, before.
The reasons	Why? From what? For what reason?	Because, because, since, because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that.
Corollary	What follows from this?	So that
Goal	What for? For what purpose?	To In order to, So that in order to.
Conditions	With what condition?	If a, when, once.
Concessions	Despite what? Contrary to him?	Although, despite the fact that, let, let.	Who, what, how, where, how much + neither (particle)
Comparison	How? In comparison with what?	As, just as, as if, for sure, as if, as if.
Comparable.	_______	While, while, while, whereas If something.
Attachments	______		What, why, why, as well, as a result of what others.

This is the execution algorithm tasks number 8.If there is a task associated with an error in a complex sentence.

I wish good luck in preparing for the exam!

Vera Alexandrovna.

• < Назад
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Class \u003d "Clearfix"\u003e

All grammatical errors that are found in speech can be attributed to one of the three groups: word-forming (erroneous word formation), morphological (erroneous formation of molds of speech parts) and syntactic (errors in building phrases and suggestions). Get to know examples and check yourself: Are there any of these mistakes relevant to you?

1. Erroneous word formation.

It is observed, for example, in words will yuschy, overmit, mark great (right: future, mock the next).

2. Morphological errors:

Incorrect formation of a form of a noun: lacks time, fashionable politaFresh cake (need to: lack of time, fashion coat, fresh cakes);

Incorrect form of an adjective form: more More beautiful, beautiful nesh (need to: more beautiful, more beautiful);

Incorrect form formal form: from six hundredsrubles, B. twothousand butthird year(need to: with six obligations, in two thousand and third year);

Incorrect formation of the form of pronoun: they are Father, oim children (need to: their father, their children);

Incorrect form formal form: department, Szudova (need to: from where, from here);

Incorrect education forms of verb: they want, lies, ride, i ezdia ; Pisha Letter (need: they want, put, go,i I go; When I wrote a letter);

3. Syntax errors:

Harmonization violation: with a group of guys, fascinating misisports (need to: with a group of guys (as them?), fascinating themsmiling sports);

Control violation: make your office more beautiful; It seemed that (need to: make your office more beautiful; It seemed that);

Violation of communication between the subject and faithful: grow up a lot of trees (need to: grows many treesor trees grow);

Errors in building a sentence with homogeneous members: I want to tell about the meaning of books and why do I love them . (Need to: I want to tell about the meaning of books and about why I love them.);

Errors in building proposals with a part-off turnover: Drawing my thoughts always flowed calmly. (Need to: Drawing, I always calmly think. Or: When I draw, my thoughts always flow calmly.);

Errors in building a simple and complex offer: It seemed to me what this is a dream. You do not forget about a human never, which made so much for you . (Need to: It seemed to me, what is a dream. You will not forget never about a person who did so much for you.);

Border Violation Proposition: He thought hard. therefore his eyes are so sad. (Need to: He thought heavily, so his eyes are so sad.);

Errors in the choice and consumption of writing or verification union: I like this city because of he is small and cozy. (Need to: I like this city because that he is small and cozy. Compare: We quarreled due to the fact that everyone insisted on his own and did not want to give up.)