The Amazon River is the most aquifer in the world, carrying the ocean fifth of the fresh water on the globe. The flow of water is so much huge that, pouring into the Atlantic Ocean, the Amazon changes the salt composition and the color of the ocean for 320 kilometers. In all respects, this is the greatest one of the longest rivers in the world. The river is located in the north of South America, starting with the Andes in Peru, and ends in the Atlantic Ocean in Brazil. Amazon's length ranges from 6259 to 6800 km for different sources. In this article, you will learn about the set of interesting facts and admire the photos of the real miracle of nature.

Amazon is a huge system of rivers and forests, crossing half of Brazil and extending to neighboring states. The Amazon market is the greatest in the world in the size of the pool (7.2 million km2) and water supply. It is formed by the merger of two rivers - Maranon and Watti. Maranyon's length from the source is 6400 km, Ukyali - over 7000 km. Amazon flows into the Atlantic Ocean, forming the largest internal delta in the world (over 100 thousand km2) and funnel-shaped mouths - sleeves covering the huge island of Maramero.

It is said that their name Amazon received thanks to Spanish conquistadors, who, fighting on the shores of the Great River with Indians, were amazed by the faint rage of Indian women who fought on a par with men. Brave and strong warriors reminded the Spaniards an antique myth about Amazons - and thanks to them the river received her name.

During the dry season, the Amazon River reaches a width of 11 kilometers, covered with water 110 thousand square meters. km, and in the rainy season increases three times, covering 350 thousand square meters. km and bottling 40 km and more. Another accomplishment of Amazon is the mouth of the river, the largest delta in the world whose width reaches 325 km. The river is shipping for two thirds of its length from the Atlantic Ocean.

In the small town of Belene at the mouth of the Amazon, large water trees with a height of 4-5 m with a terrible roar of rolling up the river during high oceanic tides. Their power is felt at a distance of 1400 km from the mouth. In the lower current, after the influx of the influx of sings.

In the width of Amazon 80 km, and its depth of the offhudis is 135 m (approximately the average depth of the Baltic Sea). Amazon provides about 15% of the total annual flow of all rivers of the globe. Together with the tributaries, it forms a gigantic water system for more than 25 thousand km long. The main line of Amazon is approximately 4300 km, and the ocean vessels rise to 1690 km from the mouth to Manaus.

The flora lives here only by 30% studied by scientists. 25% of all therapeutic substances of the world that are used in medicine are extracted from the plants of the Amazon forest. 1800 species of birds, 250 different mammals, 1,500 different species of fish - all this is the flora and fauna of the Amazon. The Amazon River and its tributaries are 20% of the entire freshwater of the globe. Of the 20 longest rivers of the world 10 are in the Amazon River Basin. Pink dolphins and fish-bull fish live here, the length of which reaches 4 meters, and the weight is more than 500 kg. The famous predator - Fish Piranha - also the inhabitant of these places.
Pink river dolphin (INIA Geoffrensis) is freshwater river dolphin, local for Orinoco, Amazon and River Systems of Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. The face of the neck of the Amazon River is not fused together, and therefore it is able to Bend your neck at 90 corners of the degree to his body, and skillfully hunt fish in a flooded forest.

And here and Piranha, that lives in the waters of the Amazon River

The fullness of Amazon is explained simply: it flows almost exactly by the equator, and the usual rainy season for these places alternately comes in the northern hemisphere in March-September), on her left tributaries, then in South (from October to April) -the right tributaries . The river live actually in conditions of constant flood.

So, is this Great Amazon River the longest river of our planet? Brazilian National Center for Space Research (Inpa) declares that Amazon is still the longest river of the world. Experts of the Center studied water artery in the north of the South American continent using satellite data. In their calculations, they were based on the results of the expedition, implemented by the scientists of Brazil and Peru last year. Then researchers coming to the source of Amazon, located in Peruvian Andes, at an altitude of 5 thousand meters. They revealed one of the greatest geographic mysteries, finding a place where the river is born, crossing Peru, Colombia and Brazil before reaching the Atlantic Ocean. This point is located in the mountains in the south of Peru, and not in the north of the country, as previously thought. At the same time, scientists have established several satellite beacons that greatly facilitating the task of experts from the Inpa. Now, according to the National Center for Space Research, the Amazon Length is 6992.06 km, while the Nile flowing in Africa is 140 km in short (6852.15 km). So it makes the South American River not only the very largest, but also the longest in the world, notes ITAR-TASS. And up to this point, the Amazon was officially recognized as the largest river, but the second one was always considered the second after Nile (Egypt). Amazon's pool enters the list of the most

Amazon - record holder in many respects. This longest and full-water river in the world is located in one of the most difficult and wild plates of the planet. Despite all modern technologies and achievements, its pool has not been investigated to the end and keeps a lot of secrets. Where is Amazon? In which countries does it proceed? All details and interesting facts about it you will learn from our article.

Where is the Amazon River?

The largest water artery of the world is located in South America. It begins in Peru and extends to the eastern shores of Brazil, crossing almost all the mainland in the width.

Local Indians call it a great river, and it is quite well deserved. Branched on hundreds of sleeves and tributaries, it collects its waters with 40% of the continental area. Amazon's channel passes mainly through the territory of Brazil and a bit in Peru, but the extensive network of streams joining it covers also Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela and Ecuador.

The river is considered the largest in the world. Her pool covers an area of \u200b\u200b7.2 million km 2, which is almost equal to the size of Australia. On average, its annual stock is 7,000 km 3, or 15% of all the planet rivers. In a second, it throws out 200 thousand cubic meters of water. Even the Atlantic Ocean cannot withstand such a quantity (Amazon flows), therefore, within a radius of 300-500 kilometers of its water, it is very desalinated and littered.

Controversial length

On the question of which river the longest, different answers are usually followed. All due to the fact that it is extremely difficult to determine the size of the watercourses, and for this you need to know exactly where they start and at what point are ends. For example, for the title of the origin of the Amazon, the whole four rivers are struggling: apurimac, Maraton, Marjenon and Watti, which greatly complicates the exact calculations of its size.

For a long time, the most extended river Planet was Nile. According to different estimates, it extends up to a distance from 6670 to 6853 meters. Amazon usually put on second place after it. It was believed that she originates in the northern part of Peru, which means that its length does not exceed 6,500 meters.

Recently, new data and other studies have emerged, thanks to which Amazon became the world leader. The length of the river today is determined in the range of 6900-7000 meters, and its origins are looking closer to the center, or even the south, the state of Peru.

The character of the Great River

Amazon starts his way in the Andean mountains at the heights of several thousand meters. There, its tributaries flow through narrow deep valleys, which often turn into a gorge with high sheer walls. Here they are gaining quite greater speed, and in some places form waterfalls.

Upon exit from the mountains, where the Amazon River flows, becomes flat and weakly dismembered. Such it is up to the coast of the Atlantic, forming the largest plain in the world - Amazonian lowland.

Hundreds of kilometers through the territory of Peru River flows in the form of numerous tributaries. Directly Amazon, it becomes in the fusion site Maranyon and Watti, not far from the border with Brazil, in the Pacaya-Samiria Park area.

It is a turbid stream, which elaborates strongly and forms many sleeves and old men. Thanks to the characteristic color, its upper flow was called Solimens, which is translated as a "yellow river". Near the city of Manaus Amazon merges with a large influx of Rio-Negra, which is known for a very dark tint and ninted the "Black River". Their water has different density and merge not immediately. For about six kilometers, they form two parallel flowing flows.

Mode

Where the Amazon River is located on lowlands, its channel is wide, and the flow rate is approximately 5 meters in one second. On the plain, its inclination is minimal, and the shores are very low and descend to the bed with speed-to-step terraces. The lower levels of the floodplain (IGAPO) strongly floats during spills, turning the regions around the river for several months around the river into impassable swamps. Above are the terraces of Warzea, which fills not every year, and even above the plots that water does not reach completely.

In the usual time, the width of the Amazon reaches from 5 to 20 kilometers. In the period of rain, it is bottled by 50 or more kilometers, increasing its area almost three times.

Amazon proceeds in a hot climatic belt, where there is never snow and frosty winter. Therefore, it is not covered with ice, and food carries out predominantly due to precipitation, which is very much here.

She goes very close to the equator, and has tributaries both in the northern and in the southern hemisphere. Thanks to this, the river is constantly remaining full, and the flood on it happens all year round, only in different places. Seasons hemispheses as if they balance each other: the north of the equator rains are poured from March to September, and the south of the equator - from October to April. This allows you to maintain a level in the river approximately the same, without significant oscillations.

Inflows

For the entire long way to the Amazon River, more than 500 tributaries join, many of which themselves are important water arteries. Flipping into the mainstream, most of them form delta with shallow and apparent islands. Some of them are connected to the main river with a multitude of side sleeves.

An interesting feature of Amazon's tributaries is their color. There is not a single place in the world where the rivers would have so many diverse shades. In addition to Iscin-black Rio-Negora, there is a greenish tapzhos or dairy-white polar and Madeira, also various streams with gray, yellow and brown water waters.

Due to the wet climate with the abundance of precipitation, most of the rivers of the region are very full and stretch for many kilometers. Approximately 20 amazon trims in length reach from 1500 to 3,300 kilometers. Most significant ones: Zhurua (3280 km), Madeira (3230 km), po0rous (3200 km), Rio Negra (2,300 km), Tapazhos (2,200 km), Schin (1980km), Zhapur (1900 km).

Amazon Delta

The water of the river is very clouded with snacks and soft rocks that roll off from the shores and rushing along the flow. During the year in the ocean is thrown from 600 million to 1.2 billion tons of solid particles. Where the Amazon River is a mouth, the injuries form a huge delta. It is an orstable lowland, rugged by a variety of sleeves and ducts.

Delta River is located on the territory of the two Brazilian states and covers an area of \u200b\u200b100 to 300 thousand km 2. Within its limits there are a large number of islands that have shown palm trees and another evergreen vegetation. At the entrance to the ocean, the small streams of the Amazon merge, forming several wide mouths. One of the largest islands of Brazil is washed on both sides from both sides - Maramery, whose area (40.1 km 2) is slightly smaller than Switzerland or the Netherlands.

The bias of the river in the Amazonian lowland area is small, so it is experiencing the action of oceanic tides. Entering through the mouth of the river, they form waves up to five meters high, which rolled out along the coast of Amazon and destroy everything in their path. These tidal waves were called "Pororoka", which is translated as "rattling water".

Navigability

The origin of the Amazon flows through complex mountain sites, where only extremes can cope with it. But at the foot of the ridges, it goes to the flat terrain and becomes affordable for water transport. To the city of Manaus, its depth is from 3 to 20 meters, then it increases, and in the delta is about 100-200 meters.

The main line of Amazon is available for crossing boats, small boats, ferries and river taxis on a segment of 4300 kilometers long. From the place where Rio-Negar joins her, it is accessible to the very mouth itself for ocean vessels and liners.

With all the tributaries, Amazon forms an extensive transport network, the length of which is 25 thousand kilometers. Its largest ports are: Belen, Obidus, Santaren, Manaus, Iquitos.

Underground source

Recently, in the territory where Amazon is located, a significant underground source of Hamza was discovered. It is located at a depth of 4 thousand meters, and proceeds almost parallel to the "Great River". Moreover, its length is about 6 thousand kilometers, which makes it one of the world's largest water arteries.

Opening occurred in 2011, then scientists and suggested that the underground source is the amazon double river. Later it turned out that the water in it is salted, and its flow almost imperceptibly and is almost a centimeter per year. Because of this, Hamza cannot be called a "river", but the uniqueness of the discovery does not diminish.

Vegetable world

The Amazon River pool, extending hundreds of thousands of kilometers, is traditionally called Amazonia. All it is covered by evergreen raindrops, which represent one of the most diverse and most important ecosystems of the planet. Ten square kilometers there are more than thousands of plants.

In the forests of Amazonia, hundreds of species of palm trees and orchids, all kinds of Lian and shrubs grow. In the ducts formed by the mighty river, it is possible to find the world's largest pit in the world Victoria Regium, the leaves of which in diameter reach 1-2 meters.

Many in the basin of the rivers of valuable species. Rubberos are growing here, the juice of which is used to produce elastic materials; a chocolate tree from which cocoa makes; And also Balsa is the source of the easiest wood.

Inhabitants of Amazonia

The animal world of lowlands, where the Amazon River is, is no less diverse. Wild impassable jungle are full of amazing, strange and often dangerous inhabitants. In the river valley, the world's largest rodent - capybara from the genus of the Water Quain. In length, it reaches 1-, 14 meters, and can weigh up to 65 kilograms.

In the waters of Amazon, electric acne is inhabable, capable of hitting the enemy with a discharge of 1300 volts, as well as toothy Piranha fish, a flock of which can deal with a person or a large hoof animal in minutes.

The most pride and horror of Amazonia is the largest snake on the planet - Anaconda. This is a huge boa, which reaches a length of 4-5 meters long. The unique fauna of the river basin also represents wild cats Ocelot, Cayman, poisonous frogs, tiny hummingbirds, sloths, monkeys, tapir, jaguars and colored birds tucanis.

Amazon river broke a lot of records. This is the fastest river in the world, it collects 40% of South America's waters. The volume of the water dropped by the river into the ocean is so large that is 1/5 from the total volume of river water on the planet. Many of her tributaries themselves are the greatest rivers of the world. Recently, Amazon is also the longest river in the world. It has the widest river mouth in the world. It is 10 times wider than the strait of La Mans. It is not surprising that at the mouth of the Amazon is located the world's largest river island size with Scotland.

In the rainy season, she floods the forest with an area of \u200b\u200bequal territory of England. In the season, drought millions of fish are locked in her lagoons, it is a paradise for predators. The river lives more species of fish than in the entire Atlantic Ocean. To cross her tropical forests on the plane need to spend 4 hours.

Characteristic of the Amazon River

Amazon River Length: 6992 km

Waterguide pool area: 7 180 000 km?. For comparison, Australia Square 7 692 024 km?.

River Mode, Food: Amazon gets food from numerous tributaries, also due to a wet climate of the river gets a lot of water from precipitation. In the upper course there is an important role.

Amazon Mode Interesting and quite complicated. It is full enough for the whole year. Right and left tributaries of the river have a different time of floods. The fact is that the right tributaries are located in the southern hemisphere, and the left in the north. Therefore, the right-wing fractions flood have been observed from October to March (summer of southern hemisphere), from the left - from April to October (summer of the northern hemisphere). This leads to some smoothing of the drain. Southern tributaries bring more water and in May - July lead to maximum water levels. The minimum stoke is observed in August - September. In the lower current, the ocean rings spread up on the river 1400 km also play an important role. When lifting water river floods the giant territories is the largest flood in the world. The width of the floodplain reaches 80-100 km.

Average water consumption at the mouth: 220 000 m3 / s. The maximum flow rate during the salons reaches 300,000 m3 / s and even more. Minimum flow during the dry season of 70,000 m3 / s. To compare water consumption in the Volga 8060 m? / S i.e. Almost 28 times less.

Where leaks: Amazon proceeds mainly through the territory of Brazil, but small parts of the Amazon basin belong to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia.

Amazon takes the beginning at an altitude of 5 thousand meters from the snow-covered vertices of Peruvian Andes. Tales water, connecting with other threads, rushes down to the endless jungle. In addition to the high height of the Amazon's mouth, it is necessary to take into account the fact that it is located on the latitude of the equator and therefore the climate here is changed here, in the afternoon of the hot sun weakens the ice grip and melt water descends down. Connecting the tons of tons of snow, form powerful streams and type acceleration.

Soon, accustomed to the height of 3.5 thousand meters of Amazon falls into the kingdom of wet forests. Here on the river are often found waterfalls, and the course of Amazon is all the same stormy, it has to break through the mountain arrays. Having descended from the Anda Amazon is bottled along the wide valley (Amazon lowland). Here it flows around the tropical jungle.

The direction of the Amazon's flow is mainly from the West to the East, and it does not go far from the equator. Interestingly, under the Amazon at a depth of 4 thousand meters, the underground river Hamza (Hamza) flows, it is powered by groundwater.

The main line of Amazon is shipping and before the foot of the Andes, i.e. At a distance of 4300 km. Ocean vessels may rise up the river at a distance of 1690 km from the mouth, to the city of Manaus. The total length of all waterways in the Amazon basin is 25,000 km.

After the collision of the Schinger River, Amazon is already more like the sea. The width of the river reaches 15 km and it is already impossible to see the opposite shore.

Here you already feel the proximity of the Atlantic and you can observe tides and foals. The river bed is divided into many sleeves that flow into her huge delta. The mouth of the Amazon is the wider river mouth in the world. At the mouth of the Amazon there are thousands of islands, the largest of them has an area equal to Square of Scotland. In this gigantic mouth there is a constant struggle of salty and freshwater. The arrivals of the Atlantic Ocean make their way deep into the river, despicable everything in its path. This phenomenon is called the tidal wave of amazon or the pellow wave.

Putting in the Atlantic Ocean, Amazon forms the largest Delta of 100,000 km in the world. In this huge delta is the world's largest river island Maramery.

From his three hundred kilometer mouth, the river descends more water to the ocean than all European rivers taken together. From the cosmos, the flow of its turbid waters will be distinguished in the ocean for a hundred km. from the shore.

Amazon River at the mouth.

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    • Amazon is one of the natural wonders of the planet, familiar to everyone since school bench. According to the degree of fame, this river can compete with the Egyptian Nile and Indian Gangom. The unique ecosystem is the longest on earth of the water artery (more than 7 thousand km from the source Apache) attracts amateurs of acute sensations, exotic, South American flora and fauna, and just ordinary tourists who want to expand their travel borders.

    Putting in the Atlantic Ocean, Amazon forms the largest delta in the world. The largest river island of Maramery, located just in the delta, the giant water lily Victoria Regia, huge palm trees, the largest on the planet freshwater fish and river dolphin are included in the list of Amazonian "rarebacks".

    It is believed that the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Oreliana was discovered by the Amazon in 16 V. Initially, the conqueror of the new world wanted to give the river his name, but eventually changed the decision. The name of the river is obliged to the mysterious tribe of women warriors who attacked the Orelian detachment. Currently, the real existence of Amazons is questioned. Men with long hair could well be in their roles.

    Origins and trusts

    The main question arising in the disputes about Parana-Tingo or the Queen of the Rivers is so called the Amazon Local - whether its water is the most extended on the planet, and, if they are, where the source of the river is located. 15 years ago, in the mid-90s. The 20th century, an international expedition, having passed to the Peruvian Mountains, was able to give an accurate answer, currently being an official version included in geography textbooks.

    The source of Amazon is a stream of apache, which, having passed quite a long way, merging with other streams and rivers, turns into apurimac, and then through the Ukyali - in the Amazon. It is noteworthy that the Ukyali River is located in Peru, as well as the Marandon River, which has long been considered as the main source.

    Before the expedition to the Andes, who set the point in the disputes about Amazon, the first place among the longest rivers of the planet occupy the Nile, but the persistent South American researchers were able to prove that Amazon is longer. The difference is literally several hundred meters.

    The number of tributaries making the queen of rivers the largest on the planet is huge. Over five hundred rivers and rivers fall into the Amazon. 9 are considered 9, among them about 20 - more than 1.5 thousand km long. An interesting effect is associated with one of the tribodies: at the place of the sign of Rio-Negar, not far from the Brazilian city of Manaus, the Amazon is two-color. Part of the water is white, part - dark. A light shade is explained by the fact that Amazon carries a large number of yals.

    Before the place of merger with Rio-Negar, Amazon carries a completely different name - Solimens (so calling the river in Brazil) or Rio de Janeiro Maranuon (Peruvian name).

    Hotels Amazoni

    The main means of accommodation on Amazon - Lodge, and the lodges are very diverse on the service and the quality of the provision of services - from modest 3 * to luxury 5 *.

    Flora and fauna Amazon

    Shipping Amazon - a habitat of very many animals. A species diversity of freshwater fish is up to one third of the total on the whole earth. The most famous among river inhabitants is a giant Arapaima, the maximum known weight of 200 kg, length is up to 3 m, and dangerous Piranhas, a length of 13 cm to 40 cm. The hero of many film transporters is a huge boa of anaconda - also lives in the Amazon waters and Cutting circumstances can harm a person. Generally speaking, local nature is extremely dangerous for two-legs, and stories about bloodthirsty Caimans are not fiction, but harsh truth, although, as evidenced by the aborigines, in order to get into their teeth, you need at least get out of the limits of big water and deepen in Rainforests.

    One of the main tourist entertainment for the amazon travelers is fishing piran on raw meat. Also popular daily and nightlings for canoe, during which you can get acquainted with animals and a floral world.

    Almost the entire Amazon basin is framed by the jungle covering the territory of nine South American states - Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, etc. For the abundance of vegetation, besides the river itself, the rains are responsible for which a huge amount falls here.

    Nature Amazon

    Cities Amazon

    Most of the river flows through the territory of Brazil. The largest Brazilian port is Manaus, part-time being the capital of the state of Aoszanas. It's good to come here for living to see the Aborigines, the jungle, watch as Rio-Nehru flows into the Amazon and feel like a discoverer.

    In Peru, the largest city on Amazon - Ikitos, the city among delicates, connected to civilization only by air and water transport. Houses on piles, Indian village, high humidity can be a real test for the accustomed to the comfort of the city inhabitant.

    For some reason I used to think that Amazon lived somewhere on the shores of the Amazon River, they ran there in the jungle and won all. Of course, I was then not thought about where they were there in principle, and why on the shores of Amazon. Let's if anyone else's up to date we will try to reveal this topic more ...

    Many years of legends about Amazon women worry people educated, both men and women. Over time, these legends were filled with all sorts of fiction, were very embellished, and the Amazons became the heroines of many artistic and literary works, including fantastic. For women, this symbol is a symbol of female independence, a sample for imitation, sometimes literally, and for men - a sample of beauty and attractiveness.

    For the first time, information about women-warrior named Amazons appeared from the ancient Greek (Allensky) historians. Apparently, the emerging ancient world, created and expanded by the ancient Greeks, first came in touching, and then faced with the outgoing world of the matriarchate, where women were ruled. And this world struck the ancient Greeks so much that he reflected in their mythology, legends and legends.

    Franz von pieces. Amazon and Centaur. 1901.

    According to one of the versions "Amazon" comes from the Iranian word "ha-mazan" - a female warrior. And for the other word "Amazon" occurred from the words "A" and "Mazon", which means "without a chest", it seems to be coming from the name of the usual to catch up at an early age, the right chest and thereby stop its development to be more convenient to tighten the onion theater , mastering weapons ... There are many other options for the origin of the word "Amazon". For example, "A Masso" (from "Masso" - touch, concerned) could mean "not touching" (to men). By the way, in North Caucasian languages, the word "MAZA" - "Moon" has been preserved, which may be echoing of the distant time, when the inhabitants of this region deified the moon - the goddess of the hunt, corresponding to Greek Artemis.

    Back in 1928, Soviet scientists have made a sensational discovery during excavations in the town of Zemokhal on the Black Sea coast, that is, in the region of the intended settlement of the Amazons. They excavated the prehistoric burial, in which the "Prince" was buried in full armor and all-arms; There was also a double ax. However, a detailed study of the skeleton showed that this is ... the remains of a woman. Who was she? Queen Amazon?

    In 1971, this time in Ukraine, the burial of a woman buried with royal honors was found. Next to her lay the skeleton of the girls, as luxuriously decorated. Together with them, weapons and gold treasures were put in the grave, as well as two men who were dead, as scholars found out, "unnatural death."

    Maybe the queen of Amazons was lying here with slaves killed in honor of her? In 1993-1997, during the excavations near the place of Pokrovka in Kazakhstan, the graves of other "warders" were found. Near the female skeletons lay gifts: arrow tips and daggers. Obviously, women of this nomadic tribe could be able to stand up for themselves in battle. The age of burial is two and a half thousand years. Who is it? Also Amazon?

    The geography of such finds is much wider, since there is evidence that Amazons could be both in India and Malaysia, and even near the Baltic Sea. And just recently, English scientists found that some Amazons fought for the Romans in the territory of modern UK. The remains of two defenders of Amazons who served in the Roman army in Britain were found in the burial in Bruem, Cumbria county.

    It is assumed that women came here from the Danube region of Eastern Europe - exactly where the ancient Greeks argued, the terrible women of the warranty lived. The women of this amazon tribe, which is allegedly extinct between 220 and 300 AD, were burned on the burial bones along with their horses and military ammunition. It may very well be that these Amazons were part of the number of the irregular troops of the Roman army attached to the legions that served in Britain. Other finds indicate that their division came from the Danube provinces of Norikum, Panonia and Illyria, which are now parts of Austria, Hungary and the former Yugoslavia.

    At the site of burial in Brueme there were strengthening and civil settlement, and the analysis of the remains of more than 180 people showed that the ashes of the dead buried here. Together with the remains of one of the women discovered the burned remains of animals. More bone plates were found, which were used to decorate the caskets, as well as the parts of the scabbard of the sword and clay dishes. All this indicates that the woman possessed a high status; Her age is estimated from 20 to 40 years. In the grave of another woman, whose age ranges from 21 to 45, they discovered a silver bowl, sheath and bone decorations. So, there were women warriors in the world?


    Two Amazons kill a warrior man. Ancient mosaic

    In the ancient times, the Greeks believed that Amazon, who entered the goddess of Artemide, occurred from the god of the war of Ares (Mars) and his own daughter of harmony, that these tribes were inhabited on the Fermsodont River at the city of Femiskira in Malaya Asia. In the spring period, for two months, Amazon was married to alien or men who lived next door to continue the kind. Girls left at their own, and boys either killed, or gave the fathers. According to Greek historian Herodotus, "no girl should know the man until the enemy kills." Well, the word "Amazon" occurred from the words "A" and "Mazon", which means "without a chest", it seems to be coming from the name of the usual to catch up at an early age right chest and thereby stop its development, so that it is more convenient to tighten the onion theater, Master weapons ...

    So where dwells "Women without breasts"? Many researchers believe that the myths contain a part of historically valuable information, and indicate: in the north of Turkey, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe modern River Terme tea. That this is the legendary Fermodont River, at the mouth of which there was a country of Amazons, from where they came to help the Trojans. And the Amazon Trojan war moved to the Fermodont River from the Caucasian Mountains.


    Battle of Greeks with Amazons. Relief on Roman Marble Sarcophage

    The ancient Greek historian Diodor Sicilian wrote that the Amazon women lived at the borders of the inhabitable world (that is, outside the famous territories of the territories). According to him, the Amazon women managed the society and engaged in military affairs, and men were harvested by the economy, fulfilling the instructions of their wives. And when children were born, to take care of them guided men. The legends and testimonies of the ancient historians attribute to the Amazons participating in the Trojan War, the invasion of the Cimmerians (by the nomadic people who lived in the Crimea and nearby steppes) into small Asia, a trip to the attic (country of the ancient Greek states-states) and the siege of Athens.

    In particular, after the Trojan war, the Amazon squad appeared on the territory of the Scythians.

    Greek historian Herodotus wrote: "That the Greeks fought with Amazons / tribe of battle women, called so Skifmi /, who were defeated and scattered in different directions. The surviving Greeks were captured and took with them on three large ships. At sea, women rebelled against their enslavers and interrupted everyone, but not knowing the rules of navigation, they were forced to entrust the vessels of the wind will. "

    "Courts threw them from side to the side, until they nailed to silica on the shores of the Azov Sea near the country of free Scythians."

    "When these women landed in Scythia, they penetrated the country, captured the horses and began to make raids and rob the population. By this, they called the wrath of Scythians who did not understand them first, because they did not know their tongue, and did not know who they were. Scythians took them for young men who invade the country to capture. Therefore, the Scythians on their aggressive actions responded the same, and between the two sides broke out the battle, as a result of which many were killed. "


    Amazonacia. Louvre

    When the battle ended, the Scythians realized that their opponents were women, and decided not to kill them even for self-defense purposes. Then they chose as many people among their best young people as they were fighting women, and asked them to smash the tents at the camps of Amazons and not harm them, and as close as possible to get close to them. They wanted to raise children from such brave women. "

    "Young people from Scythia obeyed the Council of Elders, and when women felt that young people had hostile intentions, they came close to the camp. And then young people managed to conquer and conquer them. Scythians and Amazons united and eventually became one people. Scythians, however, could not learn the amazon language. But the latter learned to the Scythian language, and when they could express themselves with each other, young people said like this: "We have parents and relatives, we have enormous wealth, but now we must live in a different way. It will be better if we stay with your Scythian people. We do not need other women. "


    Amazon in a Scythian costume on a red-chicken antique vessel

    "The Amazons answered the following:" We will not be able to live next to the women of your country, for their way of life differs from what we are accustomed to. We shoot onions, we ride and make raids. We are not taught by the duties of ordinary women who are busy with their homework. If you want us to remain your wives, you will have to go to your parents and return with your share of wealth. If you do it, we will be forever with your wives. "

    "These words convinced young people. They went to parents and relatives and returned to Amazons with their share of wealth. Then Amazon said: "After we have separated you with parents and relatives and damaged them, we cannot remain here, as we are afraid of consequences. We must move from here and settle for Tan / Don / River.

    "Scythians agreed and left the native country. They crossed the Don River and moved to the east three full days, until they came to the ground, where they live now. "

    "Many Sarmatian women and now adhere to their old customs, ride and go hunting either alone or husbands. Many of them accompany her husbands in wars, and their clothes are no different from the clothes of men. "


    Amazonacia in the ancient Roman sarcophage

    That's what Herodotus told. Now read what other ancient historians wrote about these warlike women who married the Scythian boys and marked the origin of Sarmatians.

    Hippocrat wrote: "The Scythian tribe lives around Lake Meot / Azov Sea. They resolutely different from neighboring tribes. Their name is Sarmati. Their young women ride riding, wear onions and arrows and take part in wars before marriage. None of them has the right to marry until it kills three enemies. From the earliest times, these women used to burn right breasts with their little daughters with the help of special tin tools to facilitate the wearing the sword and other types of weapons. "

    There is such a version ...

    Ehor believes that meals and Sarmatians were one people, and that Amazons after the Farmadon battle were mixed with Sarmatians who were called "those who rule women." Later they lived on the plains of the Kabarda, Kuma and the Mermedalis / Terek River /, which separated them from the Legs, who were not someone else like Lezgins or Dagestanis.

    In fact, in the story of Herodota, there is nothing that could seem invesumed or incredible, although the possibility of the existence of Amazons for a long time as a tribe without men seems doubtful. Stories are known and other similar cases. So, for example, we learn that the male of the Karaibia spoke in a language other than their wives. It so happened as a result of the fact that this tribe fought with another tribe who lived on the islands, and won. Karaiba killed all men and took their wives. Similar things happened to some Asian tribes that live in the north of this continent, and among the ancient American tribes. You can still add that even now among the Caucasian peoples, female heroism is a bad phenomenon.

    Reineggs was the first to record the history of Amazons in Circassians. Stories about them are transferred to the peoples of the Caucasus from generation to generation. The above story was transferred to the senior Circassians orally, and it was possible that he had undergone some changes and distortions over long ages and many generations. It is directly related to their first migration from native places. They say: "When our ancestors lived on the shores of the Black Sea, they had to fight Emmatch, a tribe of women who lived in those mountain places where Sobans and Circassians now live. They also captured the neighboring plains to the Ahlo-Kabak. "


    Franz von pieces.Wounded Amazon

    "These women refused to obey the orders of men or even communicate with them. They went to battle. Between us and they were infinite wars; The victory was given to us, then they. One day, when we were preparing for a decisive battle, the wise princess of the Emmatch tribe, which was attributed to the gift of foresight, suddenly came out of his tent and asked Meetings with Prince and the leader of Circassians to Tulma, who also differed out of outstanding mental abilities. Warriors broke the white tent between the camps of the warring sides, and two leaders met there for negotiations. A few hours later, the princess came out and turned to his army, saying that everything was settled, and since the arguments of Gulms were stronger and convincing her own, she agreed to marry him. She added that, according to their plan, a feud should fade and give way to friendship, then she ordered two armies to follow the example of his leaders. "

    "The order was fulfilled, and soon the hatred and enmity gave way to love. Circassian warriors married warlike women, and everyone went through the lands on which they live now. "

    After Reineggles, Count Pototsky heard the same historical legend about fighting women, with minor deviations in detail, from exiles Circassians.

    As for the name "Fermadon", it probably came from the Amazon language, which spoke in the language of Sarmatov, from which modern Ossetians lead their beginning, as it is well known that the last syllable of this word / T.E. "Don" / means in the language of Sarmatians and Ossetians "Water" or "River".


    Amazon with a horse, with a combat double ax and in the cap. House of Orpheus. End II - Start III century. n. e.

    Let's go back to Scythians:

    There is still such a legend that the Scythians decided to send a group of their young men to Amazons, in terms of the number of amazons, but not to enter into battle with them, but become a camp nearby. After making sure that they have no danger from the aliens, Amazon did not attack them. Like a long time, but the Amazon began to communicate with young Scythians and even mastered their language. Young Scythians called Amazons to join their tribe, but Amazon did not agree and began to live by themselves. So on the territory of the Scythians a new people appeared - the Savromat, who spoke on a distorted Scythian language. This legend relatively recently found a real confirmation during the excavations of Scythian Kurgans at the adjacent territories of Russia and Kazakhstan, where they found, among other things, the burial of women with armor and martial weapons. The same burials were found in the Caucasus and in the Northern Black Sea region, where women were buried with weapons and even with horse break.


    On the map of 1770, Amazonia placed north of Sarmatov lands

    The history of the appearance of Amazons under the walls of Athens is associated with the name of the ancient Greek hero of Tezay (Teane). This story told Plutarch. In one of his travels in Ponte Avcinsky (Black Sea), the Teze was sailed to the shore of the country of Amazons and landed where it was met very hospitable. For this hospitality, he reproached with black ungratefulness, falling in love with the Queen of Amazon Antiop and taking her on his ship to Athens. To liberate his queen Amazon, they went to Athens and besieged the city. The siege lasted 4 months and ended in the battle at the Acropolis walls, however,, ineffecting for both parties. Therefore, a truce was concluded, and Amazons went to themselves. Antiopu they were not released because she fought on the side of the Greeks and fell into battle. That's how things were happening in antiquity: for which they beat - it is not clear.


    Hercules fights with Amazons. Antique blackfoot vessel

    It turns out that this legend originated not from scratch. Sarmatian women really fought along with men. Evidence of this is the finds of archaeologists who are often a combat weapon in the burials of women sarmatics. Naturally, two so militant people often fought. In the border areas, armed clashes were constantly arising, the light detachments made raids on other people's territories, hijacing cattle and leading slaves. But the war could not last forever. At times, the disagreements were subsidized, then Scythians and Sarmat traded or made joint military campaigns to other countries. They combined and to reflect the attacks of dangerous external enemies. Thus, Sarmatians sent their army to help their army, in which there was a woman when the Persian army of King Daria was approached by the borders of Scyfia.
    According to the statements of ancient Greek historians, Homer, who was one of the main media at one time, composed not only "oriada" and "Odyssey", but also the poem "Country Amazonia", which, however, unlike "Iliad" with " Odyssey, "glorifying the feats of the heroes of men and who have come down to us in amazing purposes, despite their incomplete volume, for some reason, not preserved at all. True, no single line under any excavations was found.

    As for the question of the origin of the word "Amazon" and the missing right chest, how the pre-revolutionary encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron notes, absolutely at all the images - statues, reliefs, paintings and so on - the amazons "perfectly beautiful shapes with both breasts But with very developed muscles. " In general, Homer was quite dryly responded about the Amazons. In the Talk of Argonauts, they are generally depicted in the form of disgusting Furion. However, in reports of later authors, their image is becoming more attractive, while they themselves, the crucible to Libya themselves, then in Meotid - to the Azov Sea, have already resemble epic warriors or fabulous fakes ...


    Bosporian pelica with head of amazon, horse and griff

    According to Herodoto after the Trojan War, Amazon retired to the east and again mixed with Scythians. So the people of Sarmatov arose, where the seed Amazons were equal with men. These militant guests responded about the local residents: "We can not live with your women, for we have not the same custom with them. We are engaged in bow, arrows, horses, and not studied women's work; You have nothing to do anything that has been done, but work female, sitting in our carts. "

    It is noteworthy that speaking of Amazons, antique authors constantly emphasize their unparalleled courage and military valor. In the Roman Empire, the highest praise for the warrior was considered to tell him that he "fought as Amazon." If you believe the Roman historian to Dion Cassia, when the semi-confusion emperor Commod in the second century of our era performed on the arena of the Colosseum as Gladiator, fighting with beasts, then with people, senators, and with them all the other spectators, were obliged to welcome his cries: " You are the Lord of the World! In the glory, you are similar to Amazons! "

    Yes, women of the warrior were worthy of such delights. Their composure entered the legend: persecuted by the enemies, they did not defeat them out of Luke, half earned in the saddle. Especially deftly they knew how to handle a double ax. This is sharp, as a razor, weapons, as well as a light shield in the shape of a crescent, became unchanged amazon attributes on any images. But not only the Greeks and Romans spoke about Amazons. Stories about battles with the tribes of warring women are known, for example, from the ancient Chinese and Egyptian history. Amazons were not forgotten, but in the first century, the first doubts appear before the new era in their real existence. The historian and geographer Strabo gathered a lot of stories about Amazons, but, comparing them, called their supreme inventions.


    Amazon. Figure with Neapolitan Antique Vase

    "With a legend about Amazon, something strange occurred. The fact is that in all other legends, mythical and historical elements are delimited ... As for the Amazons, they always - before, and now they were in the go among the same legends, completely wonderful and incredible. "

    His opinion was divided by subsequent generations of historians. In addition, it turns out that Amazons suddenly dissolved in the expanses of history. "As for the present location of Amazons," Strabo summed ups, "then only a few reported about it only by unrealistic and implausible information." Thus, the Virgin Charders became truly legendary creatures. Their images only cleaned the feats of ancient heroes, who excited the fantasy - and at the same time, any precastness of women were stopped. According to Riotor Isocrat, "how neither brave were Amazons, but were defeated by men and lost everything." One way or another, but the stories of "Amazon" continued to disturb men's minds. The famous medieval traveler Marco Polo claimed that she personally saw Amazon in Asia. Spaniards and Portuguese reported on the "states of Amazons" in South America.


    Bosporian pelica with Amazons - Battle with Greek

    At one time, Columbus found out from the Indians about a kind of island, who inhabited only women. He wanted to capture several of them to show the Spanish Queen. But the island did not have to conquer. When the ships of Columbus became anchored near one of the islands and sent a boat with people to the beach, a lot of women ran out of the nearby forest in feathers and armed onions. According to their behavior, it was clear that they decided to protect their native places. Columbus called the surroundings of the Virgin Islands, that is, the "islands of virgins".

    One of the famous conquistadors, Francisco de Orelian, opened the Great River at the South American continent and the first of Europeans crossed it in the widest part. In the summer of 1542, his squad allegedly saw the legendary Amazons, with whom he entered into battle. Today it is believed that these were either Indian women who fought next to men, or Spaniards simply accepted long-haired Indians for women. By the way, the Orelian River open to them, I wanted to call my name, but another thing was accustomed to Amazon, in honor of the most warriors, with whom the warriors allegedly fought ...

    The name of Amazon ("Gretless") received much later, it was finally approved for them in South America. One day, the Spaniards entered the territory of the tribe, which, as it turned out, was subordinate to the Amazons, and the Local urged Amazons to help. Amazon beat against the Spaniards in the forefronts and showed unparalleled courage and outstanding military art. To be captured at least one of them to show the Spanish Catholic majesty, and it was not possible to conquer the country. And this country was called "Amazonia" and the Amazon River. The name "Brazil" appeared then on the basis of the Staroklette legends on the fabulous island "O Brazil", the island of happiness, inhabited by women.