Railroad crossings are places of intersection at the same level of railways with highways (tramways, trolleybus lines) and, depending on the working conditions, are equipped with one of the following devices: automatic traffic light signaling; automatic traffic light signaling with automatic barriers; automatic warning signaling with non-automatic barriers.
With automatic traffic light signaling, the crossing from the side of the motor road is fenced off with two crossing traffic lights, each of which has two signal heads with red light filters and an electric bell. When the crossing is open, no signals are given; when closed, light (two alternately blinking red lights) and sound (loud bang bell ZPT-12 or ZPT-24) signals are given.
At crossing traffic lights, you can also install a third head, signaling with a moon-white light about the open state of the crossing.
In case of automatic traffic light signaling with automatic barriers, the crossing from the side of the motor road is additionally fenced with a barrier bar. When the crossing is open, the barrier bar is in a vertical position, when it is closed - in a horizontal (barrier) position.
The fence is painted with red and white stripes and is equipped with three electric lights with red glass, placed at the end, in the middle, at the base of the beam and directed towards the road. The end lamp is double-sided and also has colorless glass.
The lowered barrier beam signals with three red lights towards the road and a white light towards the railway. In this case, the end lamp burns with a continuous light, the other two flash alternately.
When the crossing is closed, the barrier bar is lowered after 4-10 seconds after the start of the alarm. With the horizontal position of the bar, the lights at the crossing traffic light and the bar continue to burn, and the electric bell is turned off.
Automatic barriers are also equipped with devices for non-automatic control, including buttons located on the control panel.
In case of damage to the automatic control system, the barriers move to the blocking position. At crossings equipped with warning alarms, electrical or mechanized barriers, controlled by the crossing officer, are used as barriers. Guarded crossings are also equipped with obstructive traffic lights, which are used to give the train a stop signal in the event of an emergency at the crossing.
Depending on the category of the crossing, the speed w and the intensity of the movement of trains and vehicles, the following crossings are used: unguarded with automatic traffic lights; guarded with automatic traffic lights and automatic barriers; guarded with warning alarm and non-automatic barriers (electrical or mechanized). In the last two types of crossings, barrage signaling is also used.

Automatic barriers

This barrier is designed to automatically block traffic on the level crossing when a train approaches it.
Auto barriers are made with a wooden (or aluminum) bar 4 m long or a wooden folding bar 6 m long and installed on a typical traffic light concrete base. The barrier (Fig. 1) consists of the following main units: an electric drive mechanism 1 and a cover of a mechanism 5, a barrier bar 2, a signaling device 3, a counterweight 4, a concrete base 6.
Rice. 1. Automatic barrier

Technical characteristics of the automatic barrier
Type of DC motor SL-571K
Net power, kW 0.095
Voltage, V 24
Rotation frequency, rpm 2200
Time of raising or lowering the bar, s 4-9 Current in the electric motor circuit, A, no more:
when lifting a bar 2.5
»Work on friction 8.4
The angle of rotation of the bar in the vertical plane, degrees 90 Dimensions of the barrier, mm, assembled with the length of the bar, m:
4 4845HP05H2750
6 6845X1105X 2750
Barrier weight, kg, complete set (without foundation) with beam length, m:
4 512
6 542
Installation dimensions of the mechanism, mm 300X300
To exclude breakdowns of the lowered bar in case of accidental collision of vehicles, there is a special device that allows the bar to be displaced relative to its axis by an angle of 45 ° upon impact. The bar is returned to its original position manually.
In the absence of power supply, the bar is transferred from a closed position to an open one by lifting it by hand with a preliminary withdrawal of the bar from the locked position by rotating the clutch.
Automatic barrier SHA. Barrier ША is designed to block traffic on the level crossing when a train approaches it. Depending on the length of the bar, there are options for the execution of auto barriers - SHA-8, SHA-6, SHA-4.
Technical characteristics of the auto barrier SHA-8
Type of DC motor MSP-0.25, 160 V "solenoid electromagnet ES-20 / 13-1.5
The time of lifting the bar by the electric motor and the time of lowering the bar under the influence of gravity, s 8-10
The current in the electric motor circuit, A, no more: when lifting the bar 3.8 "work on the friction 4.6-5
Voltage on the coil of the solenoid brake electromagnet to securely hold the beam in a vertical position, V 18 + 1
Working stroke of the pusher contactor, mm 8 + 1 Length of the barrier bar from the axis of rotation, mm 8000 + 5
Diameter of the hole for cable entry, mm 30 ± 0.5 Installation dimensions of the mechanism, mm 300X300
The angle of rotation of the bar in the plane, degrees:
vertical 90
horizontal, no more than 0 ± 90
Height of the beam axis above the foundation, mm 950 Dimensions in the closed position, mm:
length 8875 ± 35
width 735 ± 5
height (above the foundation) 1245 ± 5
Weight, kg, for more than 610 ± 5
»Counterweight, kg 120 ± 5
Barriers ША-6, ША-4 with a bar length of (6000 ± 5) "(4000 + 5) mm have a length of (6760 ± 5) and (4760 ± 5) mm, respectively, a mass of (492 ± 5) and (472 ± 5) kg. The rest of the characteristics of the SHA-8, SHA-6 and SHA-4 auto barriers are the same.
Auto barriers are vertically rotatable and consist of the following main components: an electric drive mechanism, a barrier bar, a magnetic brake, a fixing device and a shock absorber.
The fixing device for breaking the auto barriers excludes the possibility of lateral rotation of the bar with a force applied at the end of the bar, not less than 295 N for ША-8, 245 N - for ША-6, 157 N - for ША-4. This force is controlled by preloading the spring.
The shock absorber provides cushioning of shocks when the bar approaches the extreme positions, pushing out when lowering, as well as fixing the bar in a horizontal position when the brake electromagnet is de-energized. In this case, the slack of the end of the bar should not exceed 280 mm for ША-8; 210 mm - for ША-6; 140 mm - for SHA-4.
Reliable holding of the bar in a vertical position is provided by the solenoid brake electromagnet. It is possible to transfer the bar from the closed position to the open one manually (using the handle), and fixing the bracket with the bar in vertical, horizontal positions and at an angle of 70 ° - with the bracket lock.
The time for lowering the bar is regulated by the resistance in the armature circuit of the electric motor.

Crossing traffic lights

Crossing traffic lights are used to give red flashing, moon-white and sound signals, warning vehicles and pedestrians about the approach of a train to the crossing. Crossing traffic lights with two and three signal heads, cross-shaped and semi-cross-shaped pointers with reflective colorless lenses, direct current electric bell ZPT-24 or ZPT-12 are used.
Mounting of traffic light heads allows you to change the direction of the light beam in the horizontal plane at an angle of 60 °, in the vertical plane - at an angle of ± 10 °.
Lens sets of dwarf lens traffic lights (with ZhS12-15 lamps) are used in traffic light heads, the luminous intensity of which without a diffuser is at least 500-cd. The range of visibility of the red flashing signal on a sunny day along the optical axis of the traffic light should be at least 215 m, at an angle of 7 ° to the optical axis - at least 330 m. The angle of visibility of the signal in the horizontal plane is 70 °.
There are the following types of crossing traffic lights: II-69 - for single-track sections, with two signal heads, a cross-shaped pointer; 111-69 - for single-track sections, with three signal heads, cross-shaped pointer; II-73 - for two or more sections of the path, with two signal heads, cruciform and semi-cruciform indicators; 111-73 - for two or more sections of the path, with three signal heads, cruciform and semi-cruciform indicators.
Sizes of crossing traffic lights: II-69, 111-69 - 680X1250X2525 mm; 11-73, 111-73 - 680X1250X2872 mm; traffic light weight: II-69 - 110 kg; 111-69 - 130 kg; II-73 and 111-73 - 138 kg.

  1. Level crossing signaling board SCHPS

The crossing signaling board is designed to control the electric and auto barriers installed at the level crossings. Structurally, the shield is made in the form of a panel on which there are seven buttons and 16 lamps (Table 13.1). The panel is adapted for outdoor installation on a separate rack, on the side wall of the relay cabinet or on the outer wall of the crossing attendant's room. To protect the panel from atmospheric precipitation, a visor is provided on the shield frame.
Panel dimensions 536X380 mm; weight without fastening elements 20.2 kg, with fastening elements - 29.4 kg.
Table 1. Purpose of buttons and lamps on the panel


Name

Appointment

Closing

Turning on crossing traffic lights and closing barriers

Opening

Turning off crossing traffic lights and opening barriers

Turning on the fence

Turning on the obstruction alarm

Maintaining

Maintaining the barriers in the upper position while maintaining the flashing lights at the crossing traffic lights

Turning on the call

Turning off the signal bell at the crossing signaling

Management of odd and even shunting traffic lights installed to fence the crossing on the driveway
Lamps

White and red:

odd approximation

Signaling of the approaching trains in an odd direction

even approximation

The same in an even direction

Serviceability control:

Traffic lights

level crossing signal lamps

set of flashing devices

Defensive 31

obstruction lamps and warn

Defensive 32

traffic lights connected to them

Two white llamas

shunting lights

Monitoring the voltage in the main and reserve power supply networks at the crossing installation

Audible warning devices

Electric calls ZPT-12U1, ZPT-24U1, ZPT-80U1.
Rice. 2. Electrical circuits of bells ZPT-12U1, ZPT-24U1 (a) and ZPT-80U1 (b)
1 Permissible deviation ± 15%.

Electric bells ZPT (Table 2) are intended for acoustic signaling at level crossings and in various stationary railway devices. The bells have a closed structure that houses the electromagnetic system (Fig. 2). Calls provide clear sound that can be heard at a distance of at least 80 m from the call.
Table 2. Electrical characteristics of RRT calls


Call

Supply current

Supply voltage, V

Consumption current, mA, no more

Frequency,
Hz

Coil resistance1, Ohm

Constant

Variable

The ambient temperature during the operation of calls should be from -40 to 55 ° С. Dimensions 171X130X115 mm; weight 0.97 kg.
DC calls. DC bells are intended for acoustic signaling of blown fuses, control of the cutout of switches and other purposes in signaling and communication devices.
The electrical characteristics of the bells are shown below:

Each bell has a spark extinguishing capacitor in parallel with the break contact.
A call with an operating voltage of 3 V starts ringing at a voltage of 1.5 V. The sound strength generated by DC calls is at least 60 dB. Calls must be operated at an air temperature of 1 to 40 ° C. Bell diameter 80 mm; height 50 mm; weight 0.26 kg.

Service technology for crossing signaling devices and auto barriers

To carry out technological processes when servicing crossing signaling devices and auto barriers, it is necessary to have a Ts4380 ampere-voltmeter, various tools and materials. The operation of the automation devices should be checked both when the train passes through the level crossing and when switched on from the control panel. On sections with a large interval of train movement, the automation devices can be switched on by shunting the track circuit of the approach section in the absence of trains.
The operation of automation devices at level crossings is checked by an electrician and an electrician once every two weeks. At the same time, they check: the condition and adjustment of the collector contacts and the brushes of the electric motor; electric motor current when working on friction; interaction of parts of the electric drive when opening and closing the barrier; the presence of a lubricant for the rubbing parts of the electric drive; serviceability of sound signals; the visibility of crossing traffic lights and lamps on the uneven bars; the frequency of flashing lights of crossing traffic lights; closing and opening of barriers from the control panel; condition of contact springs and actuator mounting.
In the electric drive, the gearbox, autoswitch, terminal block, installation, frictional and shock-absorbing clutches are checked. An internal check of the actuator with cleaning and lubrication should be carried out with the barriers closed. To exclude the lifting of the beams, it is recommended to put a thin insulating plate between the working contacts through which the electric motor is switched on during the test.
Sound signals are checked when the crossing signaling is in operation. With auto and electric barriers, the bells on the masts of crossing traffic lights should start ringing simultaneously with the switching on of the traffic light signaling and turn off when the bar of the barrier goes down to the horizontal position and the contacts of the electric drive connected to the bell circuit open. With traffic light signaling without barriers, the bells should ring until the train is completely free of the crossing. When the power supply mode is pulsed, the calls should work with the number (40 ± 2) inclusions per minute.
The electromechanic must check the operation of all buttons installed on the panel, except for the "Activate the barrier" button. During the check, the crossing officer presses and pulls buttons, and the electrician monitors the operation of the devices, paying particular attention to those buttons that the crossing officer does not use under normal conditions.
The action of the "Close" button at auto barriers is checked in the absence of trains on the approach section. Pressing the "Close" button should turn on the traffic light and sound signaling and close the barriers. When pulling the "Close" button, the alarm should be turned off, and the barriers should open.
The condition of the devices and the installation of sound and light alarms, as well as the electric drive of the barrier with complete disassembly into separate units, is checked by an electromechanic together with an electrician once a year.
After disassembling the electric drive, the inside of the case is cleaned of rust with a metal brush; all the characteristics of the electric motor are checked separately, and, if necessary, the electric drive is handed over to remote workshops. When checking devices and installing sound and light alarms, the state of calls is determined with the opening of the installation leading to them. An internal and external check of the condition of the heads of crossing traffic lights, lanterns of barriers of barriers is carried out.
Once a year, the senior electromechanic, together with the electromechanic, carefully check the operation of the automation devices at the crossings and determine the need to replace individual components.

"... Automatic traffic light signaling is a level crossing signaling system in which the passage of vehicles through the level crossing is regulated by special crossing traffic lights with two red alternately flashing signals (lights), which are switched on automatically when the train approaches a distance that provides early release of the level crossing by vehicles, and are switched off automatically after following the train ... "

A source:

"Instructions for the operation of railway crossings of the Ministry of Railways of Russia" (approved by the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation on June 29, 1998 N TsP-566)

  • - auto A device for preventing theft of a car, unauthorized engine start, as well as for giving warning and warning signals when trying to break into and steal a car ...

    Universal Additional Practical Explanatory Dictionary of I. Mostitsky

  • - 1) the application of conventions in all the ways intelligence and counterintelligence agencies communicate with agents ...

    Counterintelligence Dictionary

  • - a system of signals, as well as devices and devices for their delivery ...

    Civil protection. Conceptual and terminological dictionary

  • - exchange of information between individuals of the same species or several types of chemicals or specific signaling behavior ...

    Ecological Dictionary

  • - serves to allow or prohibit the drivers of car-horse and horse-drawn transport to move over the railroad. way. The most widespread in the USSR and abroad was optical signaling with flashing lights ...
  • - a support for a traffic light, which is a pipe, closed from above with a cast-iron cap and equipped with a cast-iron glass from below, which is attached with four anchor bolts to a concrete foundation ...

    Technical Railway Dictionary

  • - one of the types of railway. alarms, when the signal readings are given by traffic lights. Depending on the purpose of the latter, these indications have different meanings ...

    Technical Railway Dictionary

  • - transformation of information about the course of the controlled process or about the state of the object of observation into a signal, usually light or sound; signaling process ...

    Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

  • - Any behavior by which one animal affects the senses of another animal in such a way as to change the behavior of that animal ...

    Big psychological encyclopedia

  • - "..." automatic locomotive signaling "- a set of devices for transmitting to the driver's cab the signals of track traffic lights, which are approaching high-speed railway rolling stock; .....

    Official terminology

  • - "... Unregulated crossing traffic light signaling is a permanently switched on signaling system that does not depend on the approach of trains to the crossing ..." Source: SNiP 2.05.07-91 * ...

    Official terminology

  • - "... - a device for the relationship between crossing signaling and special traffic lights used as barriers ...

    Official terminology

  • - "... Semi-adjustable crossing traffic light signaling - traffic light signaling, which is activated when the train enters the stretch where the crossing is located ..." Source: SNiP 2.05.07-91 * ...

    Official terminology

  • - transformation of information about the course of the controlled process or the state of the controlled object into a Signal, convenient for human perception ...

    Great Soviet Encyclopedia

  • - cab signaling / ction, ...

    Together. Apart. Hyphened. Reference dictionary

  • - ...

    Spelling dictionary-reference

"Automatic traffic lights" in books

Game alarm

the author Fabri Kurt Ernestovich

Game alarm

From the book Fundamentals of Zoopsychology the author Fabri Kurt Ernestovich

Game signaling The coherence of the activities of the game partners is based on mutual innate signaling. These signals serve as key stimuli for play behavior. These are specific postures, movements, sounds that notify the partner of the readiness for

A. Signaling

From the book Logic for Lawyers: A Textbook author Ivlev Yu.V.

A. Signaling Algebra of logic is used in the design of signaling. Let the head of the internal affairs body formulate the following conditions for the operation of the alarm from the protected object:

Fire alarm

From the book One Way Street the author Benjamin Walter

Fire alarms The concept of class struggle can be misleading. Its essence is not a test in which the parties measure their strength and find out who will win and who will lose. We are not talking about a duel, at the end of which the winner will be fine,

Light signaling

From the book A Woman Driving the author

Light signaling In accordance with the circumstances (at sunset, at night, at dawn, in the daytime), to ensure safe movement, as well as to indicate the car, an external light alarm must be turned on on it: high or low beam, side lights,

4.7.5. Signaling

From the book Encyclopedia of Security author Gromov VI

4.7.5. Signaling It is advisable to conclude an agreement with the local police department on the technical security of the apartment. If for some reason this is impossible (or undesirable), equip your home with an alarm system. It is a system, that is, a whole complex of devices, and not

Signaling

From the book The Beginner Driver's Encyclopedia the author Khannikov Alexander Alexandrovich

Alarm If you want to install an alarm, you should give preference to the latest models of well-known brands. Reputable firms, as a rule, update their assortment once a year. The hijackers are not asleep, so manufacturers of security systems constantly conduct

SOUND ALARM

From the book School of Accident and Disaster Survival author Ilyin Andrey

SOUND SIGNALING There are special pyrotechnic firecrackers to send sound signals of distress, which are triggered in - 10 s after they are activated. The signal of such a firecracker can be heard at a distance of 6 - 8 km.

Communication and signaling

the author Volovich Vitaly Georgievich

Communication and signaling Communication and signaling facilities are essential elements of emergency equipment. It is quite obvious that their effectiveness largely depends on how quickly the crew that has suffered an accident will be found, and how timely assistance will be provided.

Communication and signaling

From the book Life support of aircraft crews after an emergency landing or splashdown [with illustrations] the author Volovich Vitaly Georgievich

Communication and signaling High air transparency, refraction, dark spots of open water often make it extremely difficult to visually search for a crew that has suffered an accident in the Arctic. “Among the pattern of shadows, cracks and open streaks, see four people and two small

Signaling and orientation

From the book Life support of aircraft crews after an emergency landing or splashdown [with illustrations] the author Volovich Vitaly Georgievich

Signaling and Orientation Signaling and communication facilities are made ready as soon as all those in distress are stationed on the rafts and the imminent threat to life has passed. First of all, an emergency radio station is prepared for action. While swimming

Signaling

TSB

Alarm automatic

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (SI) of the author TSB

TRAIN MOVEMENT ON LINES WHERE THE MAIN MEANS OF SIGNALING IS AUTOMATIC LOCOMOTIVE SIGNALING WITH AUTOMATIC SPEED CONTROL (ALS-ARS)

From the book Instructions for the movement of trains and shunting on the subways of the Russian Federation the author

TRAIN MOVEMENT ON LINES WHERE THE MAIN MEANS OF SIGNALING IS AUTOMATIC LOCOMOTIVE SIGNALING WITH AUTOMATIC SPEED CONTROL (ALS-ARS) "Lines where ALS-ARS is the main means of signaling

AUTOMATIC LOCOMOTIVE SIGNALING WITH AUTOMATIC SPEED CONTROL (ALS-ARS)

From the book Rules for the technical operation of the subways of the Russian Federation the author Editorial board "Metro"

AUTOMATIC LOCOMOTIVE SIGNALING WITH AUTOMATIC SPEED CONTROL (ALS-ARS) 6.12. Automatic locomotive signaling with automatic speed control should ensure: - transmission of signaling

At the points of intersection at the same level of railway tracks with highways, they are arranged level crossings.

Depending on the intensity of the movement of trains and vehicles, crossings are divided into 4 categories... TO first category includes the crossings with the most intensive train and car traffic. Crossings on low-traffic lines and with light vehicle traffic are referred to as fourth category.

Crossings are regulated and unregulated.

TO regulated include crossings equipped automatic crossing signaling devices, notifying drivers of the approaching train, and on lines with heavy or high-speed train traffic - also barrage devices, excluding the departure of vehicles when the train approaches it. Regulated level crossings are protected and unguarded.

Crossings of categories 1 and 2 must be guarded. served duty worker and equipped barriers, and obstruction traffic lights... Those on duty on the crossing have radio communication with the train drivers, as well as direct telephone communication with the attendants at the nearest stations, and in the case of centralized dispatching - with the train dispatcher.

operate fully automatically and are usually not equipped with barriers.

This includes level crossings that are not equipped with any automatic crossing signaling devices. Such crossings are found only on inactive lines, access roads of industrial enterprises, industrial areas, etc.

To ensure traffic safety at level crossings, the following devices are used:

  • automatic traffic light crossing signaling (APS), in which the switching on of red flashing signals (lights) at crossing traffic lights is carried out automatically when the train approaches a certain distance by calculation, and switching off automatically after the train passes the level crossing;
  • automatic traffic light signaling with automatic barriers (APSh) - crossing signaling, supplemented by barriers of barriers, which are lowered and raised automatically;
  • automatic traffic light signaling with semi-automatic barriers- crossing signaling, supplemented by barrier beams of barriers, the lowering of which is carried out automatically when the train approaches, and turning off the alarm and raising the barrier beams of the barriers - from pressing the button by the officer on duty after the train follows the railway crossing;
  • warning alarm- level crossing signaling, in which the notification of the employee on duty about the approach of the train to the level crossing is given by light and sound signals, and the switching on and off the technical means of fencing the level crossing is carried out by the employee on duty serving the level crossing;
  • (Vocational school), which completely blocks the carriageway and is designed to create a physical obstacle (barrier) for the movement of vehicles when they try to unauthorized exit to a closed railway crossing when a train approaches it;
  • (USP), blocking the movement of vehicles through a railway crossing by lifting special plates on the carriageway of the highway.

Automatic barrier includes barrier beam 1 which is lifted with electric drive 7, cruciform sign 2 with glass reflectors, electric bell (buzzer) 3, 4 , mast 5 and foundation 6... The bar is made of wood, 4 m long - designed to block the part of the road set aside for the correct direction of movement, and is painted in the form of stripes of white and red. On the bar there are three signal reflector... At the end of the bar must be installed signal lamp signaling with red light in the direction of the road and with white light in the direction of the railway track.

In addition to automatic barriers, barriers are used semi-automatic, electrical and mechanized (manual). Semi-automatic barriers closed automatically, and opened by the person on duty on the move by pressing a special button. Electrical barriers opened and closed by the person on duty on the move by pressing a special button. ( manual) the barriers have a mechanical drive, with the help of which the on-duty employee manually transfers the barriers to the open (vertical) or closed (horizontal) position.

Crossing traffic lights and barriers are installed on the right side of the road crossing the crossing, at a distance of at least 6 m from the nearest rail. The normal position of the barriers is open, and the SPD devices are lowered. At guarded crossings, the crossing traffic light has two heads with red lights. On unguarded crossings it can be installed - two with red lights located on the sides of the head with a moon-white light. In the absence of an approaching train, the red lights of the crossing traffic light are extinguished, and the moon-white light flashes, indicating that there is no train approaching the railway crossing and that the signaling devices are in good working order.

On the side of the vehicle entrance, road signs are installed (in accordance with traffic rules), warning drivers about the approach to the crossing.

On the approaches to the level crossings from the side of the railway track, ( "Whistle").

On railway tracks crossing regulated level crossings, they are installed at a distance of at least 15 m from the level crossing. In the event of an accident or a traffic jam at the crossing, the crossing officer lights up red lights at the obstruction lights. At the same time, the track circuits of the block section on which the crossing is located are closed, as a result of which, when auto-blocking, red lights come on at the nearest traffic lights, and a white light comes on at the locomotive traffic lights of the train following this block section, and the driver takes measures to an immediate stop of the train. The condition of the threads of obstruction lights is monitored on the crossing attendant's console.

To avoid short circuiting (shunting) of the track circuits when passing through the crossing of tracked vehicles, rollers, sleigh runners, etc., the top of the crossing is made 30 ... 40 mm above the level of the rail heads. The width of the crossing deck must be at least 6 m.

Before the flooring of the crossing in the track of each track from the side of the approach of trains of the correct direction are installed.

On electrified sections of railways at the crossing on both sides, a clearance gate with a suspension height of control strips not more than 4.5 m, which guarantees a safe passage under the contact wire of loaded vehicles, cranes and other large equipment. Moving on the crossing of large and heavy vehicles and slow-moving vehicles is allowed only with the permission of the head of the track distance and under the supervision of a road master or track foreman, and on electrified sections with a load height of more than 4.5 m - in the presence of a representative of the power supply distance.

To activate automatic level crossing signaling devices, automatic blocking electric rail circuits or special rail crossing signaling circuits are used.

Automatic activation of guardrails occurs when a train approaches a crossing at a certain (calculated) distance. This distance is called approach site... The length of the approach section depends on the speed of the trains before the crossing and the length of the crossing carriageway and serves to provide advance notification of the crossing when a train is approaching it, turn on automatic crossing signaling and close automatic gates (if any). The time of notification submission depends on the time required for the vehicles to clear the crossing. It includes the time required to follow the crossing, the response time of devices, including guarding devices, a guaranteed time margin (this time depends on the length of the crossing, the estimated length of the road train - 24 m, the distance from the place where the vehicle stops to the crossing traffic light and the estimated speed of movement vehicles through the level crossing).

When the train enters the track circuits of the approach section, the control panel of the crossing officer turns on warning alarm, and at the crossing traffic light, red lights start to flash alternately and the sound signal turns on; after 8 ... 15 seconds the automatic barriers are lowered, and after a while the SPD plates are raised. To exclude the lifting of the plates, SPDs are installed under the vehicles passing over them. optical sensors... The sound signal stops after the barrier has been fully lowered, and in its absence - after the traffic light signaling is turned off. After passing through the train crossing, the barriers rise, the UZP plates are lowered, the crossing traffic light turns off (a moon-white flashing light comes on).

Railroad crossings can be equipped to close the movement of vehicles through the crossing for the duration of track work, maintenance and repair of the level crossing and in other necessary cases.

The safe movement of trains and vehicles on a guarded crossing is ensured by which must open and close the barrier in a timely manner and give set signals, observe the condition of passing trains and lower gauge strips. In the event of a malfunction that threatens traffic safety, the crossing officer is obliged to take measures to stop the train, and if there is no signal indicating the tail of the train, report this to the station duty officer, and in areas with centralized traffic control - to the train dispatcher.

Control questions:
  1. What is the purpose of level crossings?
  2. How are level crossings classified?
  3. What devices are equipped with a regulated level crossing?
  4. What is an automatic barrier?
  5. What additional safety devices are used at level crossings?
  6. What is the purpose of obstruction traffic lights?
  7. How is the automatic switching on and off of guardrails at level crossings carried out?
  8. What are the functions of a railway crossing officer?

Karelin Denis Igorevich @ Orekhovo-Zuevsky railway technical school named after V.I. Bondarenko - 2016