Memo "morphological analysis of parts of speech". Morphological analysis of all parts of speech Download memo morphological analysis school of the 21st century

When preparing for the Unified State Exam or an exam in the Russian language, schoolchildren and students should Special attention give to how to do the words. Statistically, this task causes the largest number questions among students, because it is sometimes quite difficult to keep a big one in your head. By bookmarking this article, you will never again worry about not remembering how to parse a word.

Noun

• initial form (singular number and im. case);
• common noun or own;
• animate or not;
• w./m./Wed. genus;
• determine the number;
• indicate the declination;
• name the case in which the word occurs in the text;
• which member is in the sentence.

Adjective

• initial form (singular number, im. case);
• qualitative, possessive or relative;
• complete or short (for qualities);
• degree of comparison (for qualities);
• gender (for singular number);
• number;
• case;
• function in a sentence.

numeral

• initial form (for quantitative - named case, for ordinal - singular number, m. gender);
• ordinal or quantitative;
• simple, complex or compound;
• gender and number (for ordinal and several quantitative);
• case;
• function.

Pronoun

• infinitive (singular number, im. case, m. gender);
• discharge (personal, possessive, reflexive, relative, negative, interrogative, demonstrative, definite, indefinite);
• gender (if it changes);
• number (if it changes);
• case;
• role in the proposal.

Adverb

• discharge (circumstantial or attributive);
• degree of comparison (if present).

So, we figured out how to do if we are talking about the main parts of speech. In the case of the verb and its forms, things are a little more complicated.

Verb

• infinitive (initial form);
• irrevocable or returnable;
• intransitive or transitive;
• perfect or imperfect view;
• conjugation;
• inclination (expressive, conditional, imperative);
• time (for out. inclination);
• face;
• gender (if any);
• then indicate the number;
• syntax function.

So, you have learned how to make words, namely a verb, now you need to learn the schemes for analyzing its forms - participles and participles.

Participle

• initial form(im. case, singular number, m. gender);
• from which verb it is formed;
• real or passive;
• time;
• returnable or irrevocable (for valid);
• intransitive or transitive (for action);
• multiple or complete (for suffering);
• determine the number;
• write case;
• the role of the word in the sentence.

gerund

• from which verb it is formed;
• perfect or imperfect form;
• irrevocable/returnable;
• intransitive/transitive;
• function performed by a word in a sentence.

Service parts of speech

Separately, as a rule, there is the question of how the morphological analysis of the word for the auxiliary is done (particle, union or preposition). In fact, everything here is generally elementary. Be sure to specify:

• for the union: subordinating or coordinating, category, compound or simple;
• for preposition: non-derivative or derivative, with which pronoun or noun and in which case it is associated, discharge;
• for particle: functions and rank by value.

As you can see, there is nothing difficult in making a morphological analysis of a word. Success in your studies!

Parsing

Phonetic analysis of the word.

1. How many syllables are in the word, what is the stressed one?

2. Vowel sounds: percussion, unstressed. What letters are indicated?

3. Consonant sounds: deaf and voiced, hard and soft, paired and unpaired. What letters are indicated?

4. The number of sounds and letters in a word?

Example:

carrots, carrots (2 syllables, 2 ch., 4 acc.,)

m [m] acc., sound, tv., unpaired,

o [a] vowel, unstressed.

r [r]-acc. sound, tv , unpaired,

to [to] acc. deaf., tv., guys., [g]

o [o] vowel, shock.

in [f] acc. deaf, soft, steamy, [f]

b -_______

Morphological analysis noun.

1. Part of speech.

2. Initial form (im. p., singular).

3. Permanent signs:

Own or common noun;

Animate or inanimate;

Declination.

4. Non-permanent signs:

5. Role in the proposal.

Example : Light frost covers the puddle with thin ice.

Freezing - noun, frost, common name, inanimate, m.r., 2 cl., im. p., units h, subject.

puddle- n., puddle, narits., inanimate., f. r., 1 skl., c. p., units h., add.

1. Part of speech.

2. Initial form (singular, m.p., im.p.).

3. Non-permanent signs:

Genus (only in singular);

4. Role in the proposal.

Example: I left the stuffy room.

(from) stuffy (room) - adj., stuffy, unit. hours, in units h., w. r., in the genus. p., def.

5. Role in the proposal.

Example: We go further and further into the forest.

we leave - vb., nepr. f., leave, 2 sp., in pl. h., in present. vr., in 1 person, predicate.

1. Part of speech.

2. Initial form (im. p.).

5. Genus (only in the 3rd person singular).

7. Role in the proposal.

Example : The dog runs after her, caressing.

(behind) her - pronoun, she, 3rd person, singular. h., w. r., tv. p., addition.

The order of word parsing by composition.

1. Read the word. Change it for questions. Select an ending.

2. Select the stem of the word.

3. Pick up a few related words. Select the root.

4. Specify a prefix. Name more words with this prefix.

5. Specify a suffix. Choose some words with this suffix.

EXAMPLE: froze.

Analysis of the proposal

1. What is the sentence for the purpose of the statement?

2. What is the suggestion for intonation?

3. Is it common or not common?

4. Who or what is the sentence talking about? Underline the subject.

5. What is said about the subject? Underline the predicate.

6. We analyze the subject group. We put the question from the subject to the words related to it in meaning.

7. We analyze the predicate group. We put the question from the predicate to the words that explain it.

8. We put the question from the main member to the secondary, explaining it.

EXAMPLE:After warm rains, mushrooms appeared in the forest.(Narrative, non-exclamatory, dissemination)

What? Mushrooms- is the subject.

Mushrooms(what did they do?) went. This is the predicate.

From the subject, the question cannot be asked.

We ask a question from the predicate.

Went(Where?) In the woods- This Tue member-circumstance

Went(When?) after the rains- This Tue.member.- circumstance

After the rains(what?) warm- This Tue member. - definition

Morphological analysis often causes difficulties for schoolchildren, which are due to the fact that some parts of speech (for example, adverb, preposition, union) are not studied enough time, and after studying them, tasks for determining various grammatical features are rare. This leads to the fact that students do not retain in memory all the morphological characteristics of these parts of speech, therefore, the corresponding analysis causes difficulties.

I propose to issue support schemes - plans for the analysis of parts of speech, and such a plan can be drawn up by the students themselves, introducing complex (at their discretion) material into them. For example, for some, the difficulty is the criteria by which nouns are distributed by declension, for someone the concept of the mood of the verb is difficult.

Through repeated access to these blanks, not only stronger knowledge is acquired, but the skill of performing this type of analysis is also developed.

I recommend that my students create special folders with this kind of materials and store one copy (whole, uncut) there, and always carry the other copy with you (for example, in a textbook) cut into cards. The teacher can model the analysis plan at his own discretion, adding or removing any supporting material. I offer a more complete version of such cards, which also includes such parts of speech as the word of the category of state and onomatopoeic words, which are not distinguished by all linguists as independent parts of speech.

I. Part of speech - noun, because answers the question " WHAT?” (case question) and designation. ITEM.

N. f. - ... ( I. p., units h.)

II. Permanent signs:

• own or common noun,
• animate ( V.p. plural = R.p. plural) or inanimate ( V.p. plural = I.p. plural),
• gender (male, female, neuter, common (relative to both m. and female sex: crybaby), outside the gender category (noun, not singular: scissors)),
• declination ( 1st(m., f. -a, -z); 2nd(m, cf. -, -o, -e); 3rd(and. -); diversified(on - me, path);

adjective (like adjectives), indeclinable ( do not change in cases and numbers ) ,

Non-permanent signs: I. Who? What? IN. Whom? What?

• among ( units, many), R. Whom? What? T. By whom? How?
• in ... case ( I, R, D, V, T, P). D. To whom? What? P. About whom? About what?

III. Syntactic role (set semantic question and underline as a member of the sentence).

I. Part of speech - adj., because answers the question " WHICH?” and stands for SIGN OF THE OBJECT.

N.f. - ... ( I.p., units h, m..)

II. Permanent signs:

Qualitative (maybe more or less) / Relative (cannot be more or less) / Possessive (indicates belonging to someone).

Irregular symptoms:

• in the degree of comparison (for qualitative);
• in full ( Which?) or short ( what?) form,
• in ... case (for complete forms),
• in ... number (unit, pl.),
• in ... kind (for the only numbers).

I. Part of speech - ch. answers the question " WHAT TO DO?” and stands for ITEM ACTION.

N.F. - ... ( infinitive: what's up be? what did you do be?)

II. Permanent signs:

• kind (perfect (what With do?) or imperfect (what to do?)),
• conjugation ( I(eat, eat, eat, eat, ut / ut), II(shish, um, im, ite, at / yat), heterogeneous(want, run)
• returnable (there is -sya, -s.) / irrevocable (no -sya, -s),
• transitive (used with noun in V. p. without pretext)/ intransitive ( Not used with a noun in V. p. without pretext).

Irregular symptoms:

• in ... inclination ( indicative: what did you do? what is he doing? what will he do? , imperative: what do you do?, conditional: what did you do would? What did you do would?),
• in ... time (for the indicative mood: past (what did you do?), present (what are you doing?), future (what will you do? what will you do?)),
• in ... number (singular, pl.),
• in ... face (for present, bud. time: 1l.(me, we) 2 l.(you you), 3 l.(he, they)); in ... genus (for the past time unit).

Verbs in an indefinite form (infinitive) have no non-permanent signs, since the INFINITIVE is an invariable form of a word.

III. Syntactic role (ask a question and underline as a member of the sentence).

I. Part of speech - number, because it answers the question “ HOW MANY?" (or " WHICH?”) and stands for QUANTITY items (or ORDER items WHEN ACCOUNT).

N.F. - ... (I.p. or I.p., singular, m.p.).

II. Permanent signs:

• category by structure (simple/complex/compound),
• rank by value ( quantitative+ sub-category (actual quantity/fractional/collective)/ ordinal),
• declension features:

– 1,2,3,4, collective and ordinal num. skl-Xia, how adj.
– 5–20, 30 skl-Xia, as a noun. 3 cl.
– 40, 90, 100, one and a half, one and a half hundred when inclined have 2 shapes.
– thousand skl., as a noun. 1 cl.
– million, billion skl., as a noun. 2 cl.
– complex and composite quantitative skl-Xia with change each part words.
– complex and compound ordinals numerals skl-Xia with change only last words.

Non-permanent signs:

• case,
• number (if any)
• gender (in the singular, if any).

III. Syntactic role (together with the noun to which it refers) with the main word.

5. Morphological analysis of the PRONOUN.

I. Part of speech - local, because answers the question “WHO? WHAT?" (WHICH? WHOSE?

N.F. - ... (I.p. (if any) or I.p., singular, m.p.)

II. Permanent signs:

• rank in relation to other parts of speech ( places. -noun, local-adj., local. -number.)
• rank by value with proof:
  – personal, because decree. on the face;
  – returnable, because pointer to the return of the action to itself;
  – possessive, because decree. for belonging;
  – interrogative, because decree. to a question;
  – relative, because decree. on the relations of simple prepositions. as part of a complex;
  – uncertain, because decree. for indefinite items, recognition, number,
  – negative, because the decree. for the absence of items, recognition, count;
  – defining, because decree. on a generalized attribute of the subject.
• person (for personal).

Irregular symptoms:

• case,
• number (if any)
• gender (if any).

III. Syntactic role (ask a question from the main word and underline as a member of the sentence).

I. Part of speech - Nar. answer to question "HOW?"(WHEN? WHERE? WHY? etc.) and means SIGN OF SIGN.

N.f. - indicate only if the adverb is in the degree of comparison.

II. Permanent signs:

• Invariable part of speech.
• Rank by value: modus operandi(how?) - measures and degrees(to what extent? to what extent?)
  places(where? where? from where?) - time(when? how long?)
  causes(Why?) - goals(Why? What for?)

(Indicate if the adverb is of a pronominal type, its form: definitive, personal, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative.)

Variable features: in ... form ... degrees of comparison (if any).

III. syntactic role.

7. Morphological analysis of a WORD OF STATE CATEGORY.

I. Part of speech - SCS, because. stands for STATE human, nature , ACTION ASSESSMENT and answers two questions at once: "HOW?" And “WHAT?”

The rest of the items like an adverb, except for the digits by value, which are not distinguished from the SCS.

I. Part of speech - adverb, because resp. on the question "WHICH?" And “WHAT DOING? WHAT HAS DONE? and designation SIGN OF THE SUBJECT BY ACTION.

N.f. - ... (I., unit, m.).

II. Permanent signs:

• real (-usch-, -yusch-, -ash-, -yashch-; -vsh-, -sh-) or passive (-em-, -om-, -im-; -enn-, -nn-, - T-).
• view (SV - what With did? NSV - what did he do?).
• return (return - yes, irrevocable - no).
• tense (present: -ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash-, -em-, -om-, -im-; past: -vsh-, -sh-, -enn-, -nn-, -T-).

Irregular symptoms:

• complete or short form(only for sufferers).
• case (only for participles in full form).
• number (unit, plural).
• gender (only for adverbs in the singular).

III. Syntactic role (usually a definition or a predicate).

I. Part of speech - ger., because the answer to the question. "HOW?" and “WHAT DOING? WHAT DID YOU DO? and designate additional action.

II. Permanent signs:

• Invariable part of speech.
• View (NE - what With doing? / NSV - doing what?).
• Return (return - yes, non-return - no).

III. Syntactic role (more often a circumstance).

I. Part of speech - a preposition, because serves to connect the main word ... with the dependent ...

II. Signs:

• Simple (from one word: from, to) / compound (from several words: during, due to).
• Derivative (moved from another part of speech: around) / non-derivative ( from, to, about…).
• Invariable part of speech.

11. Morphological analysis of the UNION.

I, Part of speech - union, because serves to connect homogeneous members of a sentence or simple parts in a complex sentence.

II. Signs:

• Simple (from one word: and, ah, but...) / compound (from several words: because…).
• Coordinating (associate OCHP or PP as part of the SSP: and, also, or, however ...) + group by value (connecting: And; adversative: But; separating: or). Subordinating (connect PP as part of NGN: because, because, in order to, as if ...) + group by value ( explanatory: What, temporary: When, conditional: If, causal: because, targeted: to, investigative: So; concessions: despite the fact that, though; comparative: as if)
• Invariable part of speech.

I. Part of speech - particle, because . gives additional shades(which ones: interrogative, exclamatory, indicative, amplifying, negative ) words or sentences or serves to form word forms(which ones: inclinations, degrees of comparison ).

II. Signs:

• Rank by value: (shaping: more, let, would .../semantic: really, that's right...).
• Invariable part of speech.

III. It is not a member of the proposal, but may be part of it.

13/14. Morphological analysis of INTERDOMETRY / VOICE-IMITATIVE WORD.

I. Part of speech - int. or sv / p.word, because expresses different feelings or call to action / transmit sounds of animate or inanimate nature.

II. Signs: unchangeable part of speech; derivative / non-derivative.

III. Not a member of the offer.

No. 3. Parsing a word as a part of speech (morphological)
Noun
The part of speech that denotes an object answers the question who? or what?
Part of speech.
Morphological features.
Initial form (Im. p., singular)
Permanent signs (that which does not change) are determined by the beginning. form:
own or common noun.
Own - names of cities, rivers, villages, mountains, names of people, nicknames of animals, names of newspapers, books, cafes, ... Common nouns - other nouns.
animate or inanimate.
Animated answer the question who? and represent living beings.
The inanimate answer the question what?
genus.
Nouns come in three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter).
m. - (he, mine) - house, forest.
and. R. - (she, mine) - spring, Anya.
cf. R. - (it, mine) - window, sun.
declination.
Nouns come in three declensions: 1, 2, 3.
1 cl. - to the first declension we refer nouns m. and f. gender with endings -а, -я.
Example: mountain, uncle.
2 fold. - to the second declension we refer nouns m. with a null ending or ending in –й and cf. R. with endings -o, -e.
Example: guest, field, tea.
3 fold. - to the third declension we refer nouns f. R. with a sign at the end.
Example: daughter, mouse.
Non-permanent signs (we determine by the word itself, and not by its initial form).
number (singular or plural)
Singular (denoting one item).
Plural (denoting two or more things).
Example: sea - seas
case.
Nominative case - who? What?
Genitive case - (no) whom? what?
Dative case - (to give) to whom? what?
Accusative case - (see) whom? what?
Instrumental case - (satisfied) with whom? how?
Prepositional case - (I think) about whom? about what?
syntactic role.
The proposal includes:
subject (in Im. p.);
addition (in oblique cases);
circumstance (where? where? how? where? when?, etc.);
less often predicate (Children are the flowers of life. The sun, air and water are our best friends). Nouns can mean:
a specific object (window, door, apple);
living beings (human, bird, beast);
natural phenomena (snow, rain, wind, slush);
events (war, revolution);
phenomena of life (matinee, holiday);
process, actions (shooting, growth);
abstract concepts (human condition, feelings, for example, kindness, friendship).

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