106. Consider the drawing. Write the names of the body parts science indicated by numbers.

107. Give the characteristic of the class of spider-shaped.
The class of spider-shaped unites over 36 thousand species of arthropods with air breathing. Spider-shaped is the octopographees. The body of the spider-shaped most often consists of a pitchflower, supporting limb, and abdomen, devoid of legs (spiders), or from the head with jaws and nudchardalts, pumped and abdomen (ticks). Among the spider-shaped predators, sucking liquid and discharge the contents of their victims (extra-sized digestion) predominate. The ticks adapted to feed the diverse food of animal and vegetable origin. Breathe light or with the help of the trachea. Allocation bodies - Malpigayev vessels. The senses are diverse: simple eyes, organs of smell, taste, touch, chemical feeling, etc. All spider-shaped separates. Fertilization internal, development direct (except ticks having a larval stage).

108. Examine the table "Class of Poworkoons. The structure of the spider. Color the color pencils of the system of the internal organs of the spider, sign them. What functions do they perform?


Functions of organ systems:
Blood - blood circulation in the body, transfer of nutrients.
Respiratory - gas exchange.
Digestive - digestion of food.
Nervous - regulation of vital activity.
POLY - reproduce yourself like.

109. What is a web?
A web is a secret of the spider glands, which soon after the selection is frozen in the form of threads. In chemical nature is a protein. The threads are strong, some spiders fly from them to networks, some use them for an egg cocoon.

110. What features of the structure and behavior of the spider-cruster are associated with a terrestrial lifestyle?
Spider Cross leads ground lifestyle. On the spinal surface of the abdomen he has a drawing in the form of a cross. The body is covered with a wax layer that prevents evaporation of water. The headband is covered with a thick and durable puppiest shield, in front of which there are eight simple eyes and oral organs, namely: the first pair - jaw, the second pair - the Nubbobatar, on which there are sensitive hairs that are part of the conname authorities.
Spiders feed on insects, causing prey with the help of a web. The prey caught on the network bite bites and winds the threads of the web and digested with digestive enzymes. Spiders have pre-digestion of food occurs outside the body.
In front of the abdomen lies a pair of pulmonary bags. In addition, spider in the trouser has two beams of trachees, opening out the total respiratory hole.
Female spider-cruster larger than male. In the autumn, she laying eggs into a cocoon, woven from thin silk cobwebs. Cocoon Shears in various secluded places - under the crust of the stump, under the stones. By winter, Pauka's female dies, and the eggs winter in the warm cocoon. In the spring, young spiders come out of them, which are getting cold for next year.

Answers to school textbooks

Features of the structure of spider-shaped:

The body is divided into headband and abdomen;

No mustache;

On pumped 4 pairs of walking feet; Two more pairs of extremities are converted to pedipalps that serve to capture and retention, and helper - tools for grinding and crushing food;

The limbs on the bastard is not;

There is an outer chitin skeleton;

Respiratory organs can be two types and attend together or separately: pulmonary bags and tracheas;

The excretory system is a pair of most of the branching Malpiani vessels - tubular tubular channels formed at the expense of the middle intestine;

Blood system unlocked;

The nervous system is formed by the abdominal nervous chain; The durable nerve knot, has a more complex structure than that of crustaceans;

Eyes simple.

2. From which departments is a spider body?

The body of the spider consists of non-non-challenges and the abdomen connected by a thin stem.

3. How many limbs do spider? What are they called and what function are performed?

Headband carries six pairs of limbs. Helicers - the first pair of limbs consisting of 2-3 segments, end with culse, crochet or stale. Pedipalps (peppercases) - the second pair of limbs - can perform several functions: the organ of touch, the lower jaw, the walking legs, cushion to capture food; Males can use them as a composite device. Four last pairs of limbs - Walking legs. Spider's feet ends with comb whots, which are necessary for the manufacture of the cobweb. Abdominal limbs are converted to spider warts.

4. What is the value of Helisser?

Helicers serve to grind and crushing food. At the end, Helisser opens the duct of poisonous (digestive) gland.

5. Which senses have spider?

Mechanical, tactile irritations are perceived by differently arranged sensitive hairs, which are especially numerous on pertipals. The organs of view are represented by simple eyes located on the spinal surface of the pitchflows. There are several pairs of them usually. Spiders most often 8 eyes.

6. How is the spider digestive system arranged?

The digestion at spiders is partially uncommon. Therefore, in a complex digestive system, with a variety of specialized departments, they have no need. In the digestive system of spiders distinguish the throat and the intestine, which ends with an anal hole.

In the body of the killed, the spider is injected by the secret of salivary glands, which has the ability to split proteins. Outdoor (outside the body of spider) is digesting food into liquid cleaner, then the spider is then sufficient.

7. What do the spinners eat?

8. Describe spiders respiration.

Breathing authorities in some species serve pulmonary bags (scorpions), in others - tracheas (salpuga, lznescripions, some ticks), third-party - light and trachea at the same time (spiders). Light - special cavity, developing on the trouser. The trachea is piercing the outer covers in the form of tubes, penetrating the body and bearing oxygen to all tissues and organs.

Some small spider-shaped (for example, some ticks), respiratory organs are absent, and breathing is performed through the subtle cover of the body.

9. How is the development of spider-shaped?

The overwhelming majority of spooform development is direct. Only in the ticks, development comes with metamorphosis. (Metamorphosis - deep transformation of the structure of the body, in the process of which the larva turns into an adult part.) Spider-shaped separations. There is a sexual dimorphism. Poworkoons appeared (due to ground lifestyle) internal fertilization. Male Pedipalpami introduces cum into the seeds of females, spermatozoa fertilize eggs in the uterus in the poultry. Most of the spike-shaped latter, rich in yolk, protected by a cocoon cocoon eggs. In the cocoon there is embryonic development, at the end of which small pauses are out of the cocoon.

10. What is the meaning of spider-shaped in nature and for a person?

Cellic ticks damage cultural plants, sucking their juices, and this reduce their harvest.

Barn mites, breeding in grain in huge quantities, make it unsuitable for food intake.

Most soil ticks feed on decompanying organic substances than contributes to their processing and soil formation.

The nervous system of any living organism receives environmental information using sense organs. Not exception is the class of spider. In this article we will tell you more about all the senses in the spider-shaped, their meaning and location.

Veryalty authorities

The most important role is played by the touch. For spiders, this body is represented in the form of hairs (trichotria), which are located all over the body. Most of all on pedipalpars and walking legs. The structure of each hairs is presented as:

  • movable hairs attached to the bottom of the pits on the cover of the body;
  • in the yamke there is a group of sensitive cells with which hairs is connected.

Fig. 1. Touch bodies

Each oscillation of trichotry accurately defines all types of mechanical movement. The touch bodies work so exactly that spiders easily capture the smallest rolling of the web or air, while distinguishing the nature of irritation.

Fig. 2. Hair cover spiders

Lovoid organs located on the surface of the entire body perform the function of the chemical feeling organs. They are presented in the form of slots on the body, in the depths of which sensitive cells are located. This is the so-called sense of smell. Cells that differ taste are on the wet legs, the nudchards and the side part of the pharynx. However, these animals are distinguished only at close range.

Powicultural organs

Compared to crustaceans, spider animals have a simple structure of organs of vision. They are located in the front of the pumaders and can be represented three, four, less often one pair of eyes. The organs of the spooforms of each detachment and the species are represented in their own way. For example, in scorpions, median eyes are larger, and 2-5 pairs of smaller eyes are located on the sides. Spiders have four pairs of eyes located in two arcs. At the same time, the middle eyes of the anterior arc more than all other eyes.

Fig.3. Eye location

They see spooform not very good. For example, scorpions themselves differ only at a distance of 2-3 cm, and some types of spiders - at a distance of 20-30 cm.

Top-1 articlewho read with this

For some species of spider-shaped eyesight plays a very important role. For example, spiders-hypers with smear eyes cease to distinguish between females and perform the dance characteristic of the marriage period.

What did we know?

Poworkoons, like all animals, there are organs of feelings. The most important role for their livelihoods is played by touching. Eyes have a simple structure, despite their quantity, they see the spooforms badly.

Report assessment

Average rating: 4.4. Total received ratings: 15.

Question 1. What are the features of the structure are characteristic of representatives of the class of spider-shaped?

Features of the structure of spider-shaped:

the body is divided into headband and abdomen;

no mustache;

on pumped 4 pairs of walking feet; Two more pairs of extremities are converted to pedipalps that serve to capture and retention, and helper - tools for grinding and crushing food;

the limbs on the bastard is not;

there is an outer chitin skeleton;

respiratory organs can be two types and attend together or separately: pulmonary bags and trachea;

the excretory system is a pair of most of the branching Malpian vascular vessels - tubular tubular channels formed by pitching the middle intestine;

blood system unlocked;

the nervous system is formed by the abdominal nervous chain; The durable nerve knot, has a more complex structure than that of crustaceans;

eyes simple.

Question 2. From which departments is a spider body; Scorpion?

The body of the spider consists of non-non-challenges and the abdomen connected by a thin stem.

In the body of scorpion distinguish between headband and abdomen, consisting of segments.

Question 3. How many limbs do spider? What are they called and what function are performed?

Headband carries six pairs of limbs. Helicers - the first pair of limbs consisting of 2-3 segments, end with culse, crochet or stale. Pedipalps (nobility, nudepaltsa) - the second pair of limbs - can perform several functions: the organ of touch, lower jaw, walking legs, cushion to capture food; Males can use them as a composite device. Four last pairs of limbs - Walking legs. Spider's feet ends with comb whots, which are necessary for the manufacture of the cobweb. Abdominal limbs are converted to spider warts.

Question 4. Which senses have spiders?

Very important mechanical tactile irritations are perceived by various arranged sensitive hairs, which are especially numerous on pedipalpars. The organs of vision are presented with simple eyes, the spiders most often 8 eyes.

Question 5. How is the development of spider-shaped?

The overwhelming majority of spooform development is direct. Only in the ticks, development comes with metamorphosis. (Metamorphosis - deep transformation of the structure of the body, in the process of which the larva turns into an adult part.) Spider-shaped separations. There is a sexual dimorphism. Poworkoons appeared (due to ground lifestyle) internal fertilization. Male Pedipalpami introduces cum into the seeds of females, spermatozoa fertilize eggs in the uterus in the poultry. Most of the spike-shaped latter, rich in yolk, protected by a cocoon cocoon eggs. In the cocoon there is embryonic development, at the end of which small pauses are out of the cocoon.

Question 6. Make a table "Comparative characteristic of crustaceans and spiders" (work in small groups).

Comparative characteristics of crustaceans and spiders

Question 7. Describe medical ticks.

Most ticks having medical importance are bloodsuckers. Animals - mammals, birds and reptiles serve as injection mites.

Along with the blood of the host in the body of the tick penetrate the pathogens of various diseases, which in the transition to another feeder can be transmitted to it, which contributes to the circulation of causative agents of diseases. The life of the ticks is quite long - from 6 months to 20-25 years.

Slyon tick has a local annoying and general toxic effect. Mass attacks of ticks may cause not only skin lesions, but also severe febrile conditions and nervous disorders. A special danger represents the ability of ticks to be carriers of pathogens of diseases.

The greatest importance from the point of view of medicine has mites of the family of ixodic and argazines, as well as a chamber tick of the acariform family.

Question 8. What is the essence of partially outdoor digestion from spiders?

The digestion from spiders is partially extra-complete. Therefore, in a complex digestive system, with a variety of specialized departments, they have no need. In the digestive system of spiders distinguish the throat and the intestine, which ends with an anal hole. In the body of the killed, the spider is injected by the secret of salivary glands, which has the ability to split proteins. Outdoor (outside the body of spider) is digesting food into liquid cleaner, then the spider is then sufficient.

Arachnida respiratory organs are diverse. At some - these are pulmonary bags, in others - trachea, in third - both are both at the same time. Only pulmonary bags are available in scorpions, pleasure and primitive spiders. At the scorpions on the abdominal surface of the 3rd - 6th segments of the front, 4 pairs of narrow slots are located - the smallets that lead to pulmonary bags (Fig. 389). In the bag cavity, numerous parallel leasting folds, between which there are narrow slit spaces remain, in the latter penetrates through the respiratory gap air, and in the pulmonary leaves circulates hemolyimph. In climbing and lower spiders there are only two pairs of pulmonary bags. In most other spider-shaped (solpogges, hayfosses, lzhescpiodones, part of the ticks) respiratory organs are presented by tracheans (Fig. 399, Fig. 400). On the 1st - 2st segments of the abdomen (Solpheg on the 1st segment of the chest) there are paired breathing holes, or stigma. From each stigma inside the body, a beam of long, thin, blindly closed at the ends of the air-capable tubes of ectodermal origin (formed as deep phenomenon of the outer epithelium). With lzhescpions and ticks, these tubes, or trachea, are simply arranged, they are not branched, and the hay of the Cells are formed by side sprigs.

Finally, in the detachment of spiders both kind of respiratory organs are found together. Low spiders have only lungs; Among 2 pairs they are located on the underside of the abdomen. Over the rest of the spiders, only one front pair of lungs is preserved, and behind the latter there are a pair of trachy beams (Fig. 400), opening outwardly by two stigmas. Finally, one family of spiders (Caponiidae) there are no lungs at all, and the only respiratory organs are 2 pairs of tray (Fig. 400).

Lightweight and tracheas of spider-shaped arisen independently of each other. The pulmonary bags are undoubtedly more ancient organs. It is believed that the development of the lungs in the process of evolution was associated with the modification of the abdominal gill limbs, which had water ancestors of the spider-shaped and who were similar to the Zabron's abdominal legs of swords. Each such limb fused inside the body. At the same time, the cavity for pulmonary leaves (Fig. 401) was formed. The side edges of the leg increased to the body almost all throughout the entire area, where the respiratory gap is preserved.

The abdominal wall of the pulmonary bag corresponds to, consequently, the most former limb, the front portion of this wall is the base of the leg, and the pulmonary leaves occurred from the gill plates located on the back side of the abdominal legs of the ancestors. This interpretation is confirmed by the development of pulmonary bags. The first folded fuzzles of the pulmonary plates occur on the rear wall of the corresponding ridiculous legs before the limb will deepen and turn into the lower wall of the lung. The tracheas arose independently of them and later them as organs, more adapted to air respiration. In some small spine-shaped, including the part of the ticks, the respiratory organs are absent, and breathing is performed through subtle covers.