Prospects for the development of road transport infrastructure. Development of the transport system of Russia. Creation of rail transport

Relevance of the research topic. Transport is one of the most important elements of the social infrastructure of the metropolis. Urban passenger transport is one of the branches of the life support of the city; both the work of the economic complex and the way of life of the population depend on its functioning. In recent years, the socio-economic crisis has affected the operation of urban passenger transport (UPT), which resulted in a decrease in the financing of the industry, a decrease in the volume and quality of passenger traffic, and a significant reduction in rolling stock. All this has led to the fact that the development of the GPT significantly lags behind the needs of the population in movement, which causes socio-economic problems and negatively affects the work of other sectors of the city's economy.

The greatest demand for transport movement is formed in cities with a population of more than 1 million people. Currently, 13 Russian cities have a population of more than 1 million people. Of the 107.3 million people living in Russian cities. (73% of the total population of the country), about 60% regularly use urban passenger transport1.

It is in the largest cities that transport problems are especially acute. The functioning of passenger transport largely determines the socio-economic potential of the metropolis and, through the factor of transport accessibility, influences the formation of prices in the real estate market, contributes to an increase in economic activity, therefore, the formation of a system of urban orders for transport services to the population is one of the priority tasks of city administrations.

Currently, about 8,200.6 billion passengers a year are transported in Moscow by all types of urban transport, 89% of which use the four main types of public transport

1 Transport in Russia: Statistical compendium. - M., 2005. - S. 12. 3 metro - 29.6%, bus - 24%, tram - 20.8%), trolley bus -15.1%>). Passenger vehicles carry 10%> of the total number of passengers. An insignificant part of transportation (about 1%) is carried out by rail and river transport within the city1.

With a reduction in the volume of social transportation by surface urban transport, where passengers are granted the right to free and preferential travel, commercial bus transportation is actively developing, satisfying the population's ability to pay for transport services of lower quality. Currently, the city has 544 bus routes, 85 - trolleybuses, 38 - trams, which serve 7700 units. Commercial carriers operate 871 routes, the total fleet of rolling stock is 5.3 thousand units.

However, the problems of passenger transport are far from their "effective solution. The reasons that struck the backlog remain insurmountable so far. These include:

1. the gap between the development of the passenger transport system and the potential needs of the population for movement; deterioration in the quality of transport services (the occupancy of the rolling stock is growing, the intervals of movement of ground transport are increasing up to 15-20 minutes during peak hours, the time spent on labor movements by 60% of the city's population reaches 2.5-3 hours instead of the standard 80-90 minutes per day , which causes significant traffic fatigue);

2. inconsistency in the work of various modes of transport in providing passenger traffic;

3. backwardness of the material and technical base, excessive wear and tear of rolling stock, insufficient carrying and carrying capacity of passenger transport (at present, a significant part of the rolling stock has exhausted its resource: 47% of tram cars have a service life of more than 10 years; 40% of trolleybuses have a service life of 5

1 Transport in Russia: Statistical compendium. - M., 2005. - S. 10. 4 to 10 years old; 46% of subway cars have a service life of over 20 years; 57% of the fleet of buses have a service life of over 6 years. Due to the lack of budget financing, the purchase of new rolling stock does not allow replacing the outdated fleet of vehicles);

4. subsidization of urban passenger transport (only 55% of current expenses are provided through the collection of fares), insufficient budget funding to cover losses from transportation of preferential categories of passengers.

Thus, the problem as a whole and its individual aspects create instability in the social mood of the inhabitants of the metropolis, reduce the rhythm of its life.

The transport system of the metropolis is one of the most important subsystems of the social infrastructure, and the management of its development will fully determine the solution of Moscow's strategic tasks. A balanced and harmonious development of the city is possible only with the maximum efficiency of using its labor potential. To achieve sustainable well-being of urban social groups, it is necessary to accelerate the development of passenger transport.

The factors that determine the requirements for passenger transport in Moscow are:

Social demands of the population;

Compensation for the territorial gap between the production area and residential areas of the metropolitan areas;

Significant daily flow of labor and population from the suburbs; transit flow of passengers through the city;

Active housing construction on the periphery of the city;

Planned growth of the scale of the city's enterprises.

The conditions of transport service are also one of the indicators of the quality of life that affect its duration. To solve transport problems in Moscow, the activity of governing bodies, institutions and organizations in the development and implementation of transport policy is of particular importance. The current economic conditions require the most complete and high-quality provision of the needs of the population in passenger transportation, aimed at achieving the stable functioning of the GPT, its safety and efficiency.

The degree of scientific development of the problem. The study of the social infrastructure of the city has a long tradition. Already M. Weber, E. Durkheim, G. Simmel, considering the economic, social and psychological problems of urban growth, analyzed the demographic aspects and moral health of citizens1.

Domestic sociologists have made a significant contribution to the development of social infrastructure problems. Various aspects of the influence of material elements on the effective activity of different social groups of the population were analyzed in the works of scientists dealing with the problems of social planning, management and forecasting: V.G. Afanasyev, I.V. Bestuzhev-Lada, M.V. A. Burtnieks, N.A. Denisov, V.N. Kovaleva, L.A. Kovalenko, L.N. Kogan, A.V. Kostinsky, N.V. Kuksanova, V.L. .Lapina, V.S. Lukina, G.I. Osadchey, Zh.T. Toshchenko, S.F. Frolova, O.V. Yuferova.2

At the same time, there are many unexplored aspects in the structuring of the social infrastructure of the city, among which it should be noted

1 Weber M. Urban growth in the 19th century. - St. Petersburg, 1903; Simmel G. Big cities and spiritual life // Big cities, their social, political and economic significance. - St. Petersburg, 1905.

2 Afanasiev V.G. Society: consistency, knowledge and management. - M., 1981; Bestuzhev-Lada I.V. Predictive substantiation of social innovations. - M., 1993; Bestuzhev-Lada I.V. Social forecasting: a course of lectures. - M., 2001; Burtnieks A.A. Social infrastructure planning. - Riga, 1983; Denisov N.A. Social infrastructure of Russia: state, problems and ways of development. - M., 1988; Kovalev V.N. Sociology of social sphere management. - M., 2003; Kovalenko L.A. Planning the social infrastructure of the region (on the materials of the Murmansk region). - L., 1989; Kostinsky A.V. Planning for the integrated development of the social infrastructure of the regions. - Kyiv, 1989; Kuksanova N.V. Social infrastructure of Siberia. - Novosibirsk, 1993; Kurakov V.A. Resource support of the social sphere. - M., 1999; Kurakov V.L. Strategic planning for the development of the social sphere: methodology and concept of increasing the effectiveness of its structural components. - St. Petersburg, 2002; Lapin N.I. Theory and practice of social planning - M., 1975; Lukin B.C. Regional planning of social infrastructure. - M., 1986; Osadchaya G.I. Sociology of the social sphere. - M., 1999; Osadchaya G.I. Social sphere of society: theory and methodology of sociological analysis. - M., 1996; Toshchenko Zh.T. Social infrastructure and development paths. - M.: Thought, 1980; Yuferov O.V. Social infrastructure planning: a sociological approach. -M, 1990. weak management system in the organization of urban passenger transport.

The transport system as a way to overcome space and the most important type of social infrastructure of the city has not yet received proper coverage.

A more voluminous place is occupied by the economic essence of the transport system, its role in social reproduction is reflected in the works of K. Marx, V. Eucken, J. M. Keynes1. Recently, the problems of transport infrastructure have been embodied in special literature and periodicals, in the works of scientific practitioners (F.F. Rybakov, O.S. Belokrylova, etc.), where priority is given to technical aspects.

The study of the spatial aspect of social systems has been the subject of attention of some domestic and foreign researchers. Observation of the connection between economics, history and geographical space can be found in a variety of scientists of the XIX - XX centuries. in a wide range from Friedrich List (“autarky of large spaces”) to Fernand Braudel (“world-economy”) and Immanuel Wallerstein (“world-systems approach”)3. A significant contribution to the study of these issues was made by Russian sociologists and economists of the past - M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky, V.I. Lenin, N.D. Kondratiev4, modern Russian researchers - A.A. Illarionov, V.A. Osipov, Yu.M. Osipov and others5.; outstanding foreign scientists - M. Weber,

1 Marx K. Capital// Marx K., Engels F. Soch. 2nd ed. T.23-25; Oyken V. Fundamentals of national economy.-M.: Economics, 1996; Keynes JM General theory of employment, interest and money// Anthology of economic classics. T. 2.- M., 1993.

2Rybakov F.F. North-West of Russia: problems of socio-economic development//Economic science: problems of theory and methodology. St. Petersburg, 2002; Belokrylova O.S. Theory of transitional economy. Rostov-on-Don; "Phoenix", 2002.

3 List F. Das nationale System der politiscen Okoromie - Bruges.1968; Braudel F Material civilization, economics and capitalism. XV - XVIII centuries. In 3 T. - M .: Progress, 1982-1992; Vaiperstein I. The end of the familiar world: Sociology of the XXI century. - M.: Logos, 2003.

4 Lenin V.I. The development of capitalism in Russia / Sobr. Op. v.3; aka Imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism// Poly. Sobr. Op. v. 16; Kondratiev N.D. Selected Works M.: Economics, 1993; Tugan-Baranovsky M.I. Periodic industrial crises. History of the English Crises. General theory of crises. - M, 1923.

5 Osipov Yu.M. The time of economic philosophy. M.: Economy, 2003; Osipov Yu.M. Theory of economy.-M., 1998.

F. Hayek, R. Coase et al.1. Their works reflected the methodological problems of the spatial development of socio-economic systems, certain issues of their structural organization in relation to the conditions of the market and other ways of organizing economic life.

Some problems of the development of urban spatial systems were considered in the works of V.A. Chulanova, O.V. Bondarenko and others.

In domestic science, the problems of the city and urbanization began to be considered at the beginning of the 20th century. So, N.P. Antsiferov proposed an integrated approach to understanding the city as a single social organism3. The issues of urban planning and development were dealt with by J1.A. Velikhov, E.O. Kabo, N.A. Milyutin, V. Mikheev, M.A. Okhitovich, S.T. Strumilin, D.S. Samoilov and others. In the domestic sociological science, the problems of overcoming the differences between the city and the countryside, the integrated planning of the economic and social development of cities were most actively developed (N.A. Aitov, N.N. Baikov, A.G. Lazarev, S.I. Semin , Zh.T. Toshchenko, O.I. Shkaratan and others). The most promising and necessary for the development of the sociology of the city is the direction of an integrated and systematic approach to the study of the process of urbanization and problems of the city (N.A. Aitov, A.S. Akhlezer, A.V. Dmitriev, L.A. Zelenov, V.M. Zuev, F.S. Faizullin, O.N. Yanitsky, etc.). Works are devoted to the study of social problems, revealing the conditions and factors of the urban lifestyle, characteristics of the level of satisfaction of needs and interests, changes in the daily activities of citizens (M. Bokiy, L. Shapiro, Yu. Kirillov; T. M. Karakhanova, A. A. Neshchadin , N.I. Gorin, V.D. Patrushev, V.V. Khmelev)4.

1 Weber M. Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism. - Ivano-Frankivsk: East View, 2002; Hayek F. Knowledge, competition, freedom. St. Petersburg: Pnevma, 1999; Hayek F. Pernicious arrogance. - M.: News, 1992.

2 Chulanov V.A., Bondarenko O.V. and others. Sociology and ecology of cities and town planning. - Rostov n / D.: publishing house "Pegasus", 1997; Chulanov V.A., Kamynin I.I. etc. Problems of modern society (lectures on sociology). - Rostov n / D .: Publishing house of RGTTU, 1996;

3 See: Antsiferov N.P. Ways of studying the city as a social organism. Experience of an integrated approach, - L., 1926.

4 Boky M., Shapiro L., Kirillov Yu. Polls in the city and for the city - Obninsk, 2002; Dmitriev A.V. USSR

USA: social development in cities (Experience of comparative analysis). - L., 1981; Green J1.A. Sociology of the city. - M., 2000; The way of life of citizens in objective and subjective indicators / Otv. ed.

T.M. Karakhanova. - M., 2002; A. Neshchadin, N. Gorin City Phenomenon: Socio-Economic Analysis. 8

The city is a social unit of society that covers all stages of human life1. It is the city, taken as a whole, that constitutes the material basis for the development of the individual. If a person spends a certain time in production and only at working age - on average from 18 to 60 years old, then the city serves him all his life - from the maternity hospital to the cemetery2.

Integrated and systematic approaches have gained great popularity in Russian sociology, based on the opportunity they provide for the widest coverage and deep knowledge of the essence of social phenomena. However, the declaration of these approaches does not guarantee their presence in the study. Such a shortcoming was contained in many works on the study of the city, its social planning, image, and life of the urban population. Some of them did not take into account the objective conditions for the functioning of both the city and its social infrastructure. The main attention was paid to the quantitative indicators of urban development, which form the basis for the formation of the lifestyle of citizens. At the present stage of development, there is a noticeable trend towards revealing the role of the "human" factor. In particular, within the framework of the concepts of social planning, we are talking about moving from normative planning to “need-prognostic”, when the construction of social infrastructure facilities will be planned based not on abstract norms, but on the basis of the immediate needs of the urban population, due to socio-territorial and cultural and historical conditions.

Some concepts within the sociology of the city refer to terminology directly related to lifestyle: "environmental quality", "standard of living", "lifestyle".

M., 2001; Patrushev V.D. The life of a city dweller - M., 2001; Patrushev V., Karakhanova T., Kushnareva O. The time of the inhabitants of Moscow and the Moscow region // SOCIS. - 1992. - No. 6; Faizulin F. Sociological problems of the city. - Saratov, 1981; Yanitsky O. Urbanization and social contradictions of capitalism. - M., 1975; Khmelev V.V. The true guidelines of the social institution of service in the conditions of Russian society. - M., 1999.

1 See: Toshchenko Zh.T. Social infrastructure: the essence and ways of development, - M., 1980.-S.65.

2 See: Aitov N.A. Problems of planning the social development of cities, - M., 1971.-S.35. 9

Thus, at the junction of two areas in sociological science - the sociology of the city and the sociology of lifestyle - an environment has been formed that is conducive to solving the issues of interdependence of the social infrastructure of the city and the way of life of citizens.

However, the problem of the relationship between the needs of citizens and the state of the social infrastructure of the city remains open. The study requires the disclosure of the interconnections of such phenomena as the lifestyle of the urban population and the state of the social infrastructure of the city.

In the 90s of the XX century, on the basis of the interaction of economics and political science, geopolitics arose - a direction of social sciences, in the subject of which various aspects are viewed, uniting the issues of history, economic geography, the modern world economy, conflictology, the theory of control systems into a single complex (A. Dugin , A.I. Neklessa and others),1 which, one way or another, also affect the problems of transport infrastructure. The same class of problems includes works on the problems of globalization: the transition to the post-industrial era (D. Bell, J. Galbraith, V. Inozemtsev, M. L. Sastels, JI. Typoy, etc.), economic and social aspects of globalization (T Faminsky, A. L

Fedotov, A. Shanin, G. Martin, A. Neklessa, V. Obolensky and others).

The spatio-temporal positions of social actors, as playing a significant role and influencing the results of activity, were proposed to be placed at the center of sociological analysis by the American sociologist E. Giddens. This offer in

1 Dugin A. Fundamentals of geopolitics. Geopolitical future of Russia. Think in Space. - M.: "ARKTOGEYA-center", 2000; Neklessa A.I. Global Community: Cartography of the Postmodern World. -M., 2002.

2 Bell D. The coming post-industrial society. Experience of social forecasting. - M.: Academia, 1999; Castells M. Information Age: Economics, Society and Culture. - M.: GU VESh, 2000; Turow L. The Future of Capitalism. How today's economic forces are shaping tomorrow's world. - Novosibirsk, 1999; Inozemtsev V.L. Outside the economic society. M .: "Academia" - "Science", 1988; Faminsky T. Economic globalization: basis, components, contradictions, challenges for Russia //REJ.-2000.- No. 10; Fedotov A.G. Global studies: the beginnings of the science of the modern world. - M., 2002; Shanin A.S. Localization as a product of globalization // Social and humanitarian knowledge. - 2003. - No. 3; Martin G.P., Schumann X. Western globalization: an attack on prosperity and democracy. - M.: Publishing House "ALYTINA", 2001; Neklessa A.I. Fourth Rome. Global Thinking and Strategic Planning in the Last Third of the 20th Century // Russian Strategic Studies, Moscow, 2002; Obolensky V. Globalization of the world economy and Russia //Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2001. - № 12. Sociology seems to be innovative and possibly applicable in the analysis of the social nature and characteristics of the transport system1. Due to insufficient knowledge of this problem, its scientific and practical significance, it is of significant research interest.

The above provisions determined the choice of the topic of the dissertation research, and also determined its purpose and objectives.

Purpose - to study and analyze the state and prospects for the development of the passenger transport system as an essential element of the city's social infrastructure; development of recommendations for improving management aimed at meeting the needs of the population in transport services.

Conduct an analysis and generalization of the main modern approaches to the study of the social infrastructure of the city, highlight the specifics of the sociological approach to the study of urban infrastructure;

Analyze the role of public passenger transport in the life support of the city;

Analyze the state and prospects for the development of services in the market of transport services to the population;

Analyze the significance for passengers of consumer characteristics of transport services;

Develop criteria for market segmentation and segmentation analysis of transport services according to the selected criteria;

Explore trends in the development of the transport system in the metropolis;

1 Giddens A. The Class structure of the advanced Societies. L., 1973; GiddensA. New rules of sociological method.L.1976; Giddens A. Central problems social theory. - L., 1979; Giddens A. The Constitution of Society. Berkeley 1984; Giddens A. Sociology. Cambridge, 1989.

Purpose - to study and analyze the state, prospects for the development of the passenger transport system as the most important element of the city's social infrastructure in modern conditions; development of recommendations for improving management aimed at meeting the needs of the population in transport services.

Conduct an analysis and generalization of the main approaches to the study of the social infrastructure of the city, highlight the specifics of the sociological approach to the study of urban infrastructure;

Analyze the state, problems and prospects for the development of the market of transport services to the population;

To reveal the importance for passengers of consumer characteristics of transport services; generalize and clarify the criteria for market segmentation and segmentation analysis of transport services according to the selected criteria;

Develop a multifactorial model for consumers to choose the services of different types of transport.

The object of research is the urban passenger transport system as the most important element of the social infrastructure of the metropolis.

The subject of the study is the development of the city's passenger transport system based on the study of the level of satisfaction of the population with its services and the process of segmentation of the transport market in Moscow.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of general, economic sociology, the sociology of management and the sociology of the city, as well as concepts, theories and approaches that allow studying social processes in the city:

Theory of social management and sociology of management (V.G.

Afanasiev, Yu.I. Averin, N.M. Baikov, G.I. Gribanova, V.N. Ivanov, V.D. Patrushev, V.A. Sologub, Zh.T. Toshchenko and others);

Complex sociological approach (G.S. Batygin, Yu.E. Volkov, )f E.N. Ozhiganov, M.N. Rubkevich and others).

Empirical base of research.

The analysis of the passenger transport system was carried out on the basis of empirical data, which can be divided into four groups.

The main group includes materials of sociological research at the international, all-Union and municipal levels, conducted in the 80-90s. XX century, as well as at the beginning of the XXI century. The most significant of them are the following:

1 gr. an international study dedicated to the issues of ® transport organization and quality of services. The measurements were taken in

1998,1999,2000,2002 (Florence) (N=6 thousand people, express survey). I

2 gr. secondary analysis of empirical data from a number of comparable sociological studies:

Sentsova K.A. - "Management of passenger traffic in railway transport", Moscow, 2003, (N=1560 people; questioning);

Vasilenko E.A. - "Providing socially significant services to the population of the city", Moscow, 2005, (N=3010 people, survey); ^ Rotov M.S. "Management of regional passenger road transportation on the example of the Moscow region)", Moscow, 2004, (N=3010 people, survey);

3 gr. Sociological research aimed at studying the dependence of the population's way of life on the state of the transport service was carried out with the participation of the author in 2003-2006 in Moscow. The sample of the study is multistage. The general population is the population of Moscow, 10383.0 million people1. Sample set: 1640 land transport passengers, 1711 metro passengers, 1422 passengers. train, 443 pas. personal transport. Primary data were subjected to formalized processing on a computer separately for each district of the city and were presented in the form of tables of linear dependence. Correlations and their reliability were determined by Pearson's coefficient. The generalization of the results by districts and their extrapolation to the city was made on the basis of a qualitative analysis of the obtained indicators;

4 gr. in addition, the study used international federal regional and local documents, medium-term and long-term program documents of the Government of the Russian Federation: “Main directions for the formation and development of international transport corridors in Russia”, (2005); Transport strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020; Transport Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2010; medium-term and long-term forecasts of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, (2005).

Research methods: a) theoretical - structural and functional analysis; comparative method, a systematic approach involving interdisciplinary analysis; content analysis of official statistics, archival materials of previous studies of the State Unitary Enterprise NIiPI of the General Plan of Moscow, reports; b) empirical - selective, survey method (questionnaire "Quality of services provided by Mosgortrans", "Customer satisfaction level of OGT" and focused interviewing of a group of experts "Priorities of competitive selection for the provision of transport services"; express polls: "Public transport: quality, prices, benefits", "Privileges for travel in public transport",

2 Agabekyan R.L. Mathematical methods in sociology. - Rostov-on-Don, 2005. - P.145.

Traffic jams”), observation, methodology for assessing the reliability of UPT services, secondary analysis of empirical data from all-Russian studies “Determining the capacity of the metro and the speed of travel in the metro”; "Structure of time spent on labor movement in one direction" (1980, 2000); content analysis of the document "On the implementation of the provisions of the Federal Law of August 22, 2004 No. 122-FZ in terms of transport accessibility to privileged categories of citizens in 2005 and January-February 2006".

The reliability and reliability of the research results are confirmed by a combination of theoretical provisions with the analysis of official statistics, the results of sociological research. The reliability of scientific provisions, conclusions, practical recommendations is based on the representativeness of sociological and statistical information, the logic of constructing evidence-based conclusions.

The reliability of materials is determined by the use of modern methods of sociological research, the comparability of methods for collecting empirical information, as well as the correct use of methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis in processing data, both from our own research and from research conducted by other authors.

The theoretical significance of the dissertation research lies in the formation and development of a separate area of ​​research within the sociology of management, the sociology of the city, the rationale for an integrated sociological approach, the development of an appropriate conceptual apparatus, which generally determines the degree of increment of sociological knowledge. The dissertation can be used in the development of promising sections of the sociology of management, the sociology of the city. The generalization of theoretical and empirical material makes it possible to study the issues of the social infrastructure of the metropolis from a broader sociological position, corresponding to the tasks of bridging the gap between management practice and its scientific understanding. The dissertation introduced empirical

15 data of the sociological survey “Socio-economic problems of the development of passenger transport in Moscow in 2003-2006”.

The practical significance of the study. The practical significance of the dissertation work lies in the fact that the theoretical generalizations made by the author, the developed multifactorial model and methodological approaches are focused on improving the efficiency of managing flow processes in the urban passenger transport system. The development of high-speed and high-speed passenger transportation will help increase business activity and transport mobility of the population of Moscow.

The implementation of recommendations for improving the management of urban passenger transport, developed in the dissertation, will help improve the level of transport services for the population and increase the efficiency of the transportation process through the introduction of contractual relations and competitive distribution of orders for servicing the UPT route network.

The dissertation materials can be used in the preparation of courses: "Sociology of Management", "City Sociology", "Technologies of Social Work", "State Municipal Administration" in higher and secondary educational institutions that train sociologists, economists, engineers.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in the following: the place and role of public transport in the social infrastructure as an important factor in shaping the lifestyle of the population are determined;

The specificity of the interaction between the lifestyle and transport services in the city is revealed through the analysis of the needs of the urban population;

16 criteria for segmentation of the passenger transportation market and target segment groups of consumers of transport services;

A multifactorial model of choice by consumers of services of different types of transport has been developed;

Analyzed the current state of the transport system of Moscow, its untapped resources;

Recommendations have been developed for the long-term development of the transport system in order to meet the social needs of the urban population, increase the number and variety of its facilities; providing the population with sufficient information about transport services; ensuring their availability and improving the quality of service.

Provisions for defense:

1. The social essence of a person and industrial relations determine the need for information exchange and direct contacts of people in various areas of their activity, which is directly related to transport movements. Transport in the city plays an important role, it provides the possibility of the life of the city as an integral system with its administrative, economic, social and other functions. As the population of the city increases, people's demands for urban transport are continuously increasing.

2. Within the framework of the spatio-temporal extent of social relations, when society is considered as a complex internally structured system, in which each element, including the transport system, can be considered as a subsystem that has connections and intersections with other subsystems, the institutional and sociostructural characteristics of each of the subsystems, can be considered in the context of spatio-temporal facets - internal connections and various levels of interdependence. They can be contradictory or symbiotic, differentiating or integrating, but necessarily having an impact on the results of activities in society.

3. In the development of social infrastructure, one must proceed from the fact that the driving force behind the successful development of a metropolis is not only the presence of a developed transport system, but also a favorable local institutional environment, which becomes a powerful factor in stimulating the business and social activity of the urban population.

4. Criteria for segmentation of the passenger transportation market and the choice of target segment groups of consumers of transport services.

5. The transport demand of the population is an integral part in the system of human needs and should be studied in conjunction with them.

Approbation of the work and implementation of the results. Approbation of the dissertation provisions was carried out at the international scientific-practical conference “Lifestyle of various groups of the population in a difficult life situation (Moscow, 2005, 2006), during 2003-2006. at seminars of the Department of Sociology and Social Work of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, in the author's reports at scientific conferences and seminars held at the Moscow State University of Service "Science to Service" (Moscow, 2004, 2005);

The research materials are used in the educational processes of the Moscow State University of Service and the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (2005-2006).

The structure of the dissertation. The work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications.

1. Normative legal acts of the Russian Federation on the organization of transport services for the population of municipalities

2. Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

3. State standard of the Russian Federation "Services - passenger road transport" (GOST R 51825-2001).

4. Law of the Russian Federation of July 6, 1991 No. 1550-1 "On Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation".

5. Federal Law No. 948-1 of March 22, 1991 “On Competition and Restriction of Monopolistic Activity in Commodity Markets”.

6. Federal Law of June 10, 1993 No. 5151-1 "On Certification of Products and Services".

7. Federal Law No. 131-F3 of October 6, 2003 "On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation"

8. Federal Law No. 2-FZ of 09.01.1996 “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Protection of Consumer Rights” and the Code of Administrative Offenses of the RSFSR”.

9. Federal Law of September 10, 1997 No. 126-FZ “On the Financial Basis of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”.

10. Federal Law No. 131-F3 of 06.10.2003 “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” (effective from 01.01.2006).

11. Order of the Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2000 No. 68 “On the introduction of travel documentation for individual entrepreneurs engaged in transportation activities in road transport”.

12. Decree of the Government of Moscow No. 852-PP of 07.12.2004 "On improving the work of adapting the infrastructure of Moscow to the needs of the disabled and other categories of people with limited mobility."

13. Abbas H.A. Methodology for maximizing the profits of a transport enterprise with inflation or credit growth // Business in the financial and credit sphere: Materials of scientific and practical conferences of students and young scientists. Rostov-on-Don, 1998.

14. Abysheva Yu.Yu. Problems of formation of the image of the city: social and managerial aspect: Abstract of the thesis. Ph.D. N. Novgorod, 2005.

15. Avanesov B.C. Tests in sociological research / Ed. G.V. Osipov. - M.: Nauka, 1982. - 199 p.

16. Ageeva E.Yu. City as a socio-cultural entity: Monograph. -N.Novgorod, 2004.

17. Aitov N.A. Problems of planning the social development of cities. -M., 1971.-47 p.

18. Akimova T.V. Systems for investing in passenger road transport in Russia in modern conditions: Dis. . cand. economy Sciences -M., 2003.

19. Aksenov I.Ya. Unified transport system. M.: Higher School, 1991.383 p.

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