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Complex sentences with

adverbial clauses

Goals:

Educational:

Get acquainted with complex sentences with adverbial adverbs, types of adverbial adverbs, means of communication in this type of complex sentences.

Developmental:

Determine the types of adverbial clauses in the IPP.

Educators:

To cultivate a love for the nature of the native land, for the work of Russian poets.

Equipment:

1. Computer program “Phrase”. 2. Presentation “Complex sentences with adverbial clauses.”

Preliminary preparation:

1.Creating a presentation for the lesson in Power Point.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. The teacher's word.

- Today we are starting to study the topic “Complex sentences with adverbial clauses”: Let's get acquainted with the types of adverbial clauses and means of communication in sentences of this type. But first, let's repeat what we learned.

(Write the numbers in your notebook)

II. Repetition of what has been learned.(slide 2).

- Place emphasis on the words written on the slide.

(Chain check)

- Write down the words in which you made mistakes in your notebook for the rules.

2. “Complex sentences” ( slide 3)

– Now let’s repeat complex sentences (Repetition of theoretical information about complex sentences).

3 .- What type of complex sentences do we work on over several lessons?(SPP)

A) What sentences are called SPP? How do they differ from compound ones?

c) What main groups are complex sentences divided into by meaning?

Conclusion: “Complex sentences” (slide 4)

- Okay, you know the theory quite well.

4. Frontal survey - graphic dictation.

A Now let’s check in practice how you have mastered the material you have studied. After listening to the sentence, draw up its diagram and determine the type of subordinate clause. We write down the diagrams on the board, going out one by one, and in notebooks.

1. We remembered famous singers whose childhood was spent in our city. (Adverbial clause)
2. Old man! I have heard many times that you saved me from death. (Adverbial explanatory clause)
3. The days of late autumn are usually scolded, but they are dear to me, dear reader. (Compound sentence)
4. There is no city that would not be proud of one of its fellow countrymen. (Adverbial attribute)
5. It is known that the Russian language is rich in words naming celestial phenomena. (Adverbial explanatory clause)

A Let's write down the next sentence in full and, in addition to the diagram, do a full syntactic analysis of it.

1. Never listen to those who speak bad about others and good about you. (Narrative, non-narrative, complex, complex)

- Name the circumstances with their meanings and the questions they answer. (Circumstances of time, mode of action.)

What other circumstances exist? (Goals, places, reasons, comparisons, concessions, conditions, consequences)

Teacher: adverbial clauses have similar meanings, which answer the same questions and are divided into the same types as adverbs in a simple sentence.

- So, let's move on to getting to know the new material. (Write the topic in a notebook)(slide 1)

III. Learning new material.

1. So what groups are adverbial clauses divided into? (Slides 5 -9)

- How will we differentiate between them? (On questions, conjunctions and allied words)(Slide 10)

IV. Pinning a new topic.

Let's check how you understand the new topic using a distributional digital dictation.

1. Distribution - digital dictation.

Exercise: listen to the sentences and write down the sentence numbers in 2 columns:

1. in the 1st column of the IPP with adverbial adverbials,
2. in the 2nd - simple sentences with circumstances.

1. If life deceives you, don’t be sad, don’t be angry. (With subordinate conditional)
2. Entering the forest, a person feels the breath of the awakened earth. (Simple sentence)
3. In winter, when all water bodies freeze, waterfowl may die. (With subordinate tense)
4. Nature has been used since ancient times for the healing and treatment of humans. (Simple sentence)
5. In order not to get lost in the forests, you need to know the signs. (With subordinate purpose)
6. I love the storm in early May. (Simple ex.)
7. Go along the free path where your free mind leads you. (With subordinate clause)
8. The days of late autumn are usually scolded. (Simple sentence)
9. Soon they became sincerely attached to her, because it was impossible to recognize her and not love her. (With additional reasons)
10. Genuine great art elevates the mind and soul of the people. (Simple sentence)

Key: complex sentence simple sentences

1, 3, 5, 7, 9 2, 4, 6, 8, 10

Name the numbers of complex sentences and the numbers of simple sentences.

What did you focus on when completing the task? (Questions, conjunctions, allied words, number of grammatical bases)

Now look outside. How does this weather make you feel?

- Yes, nature is always beautiful, always perfect. Nature always acts nobly.

There is no bad weather! Every weather is a blessing. Whether it’s raining, snowing... any time of the year, we must gratefully accept...(from Eldar Ryazanov’s film “Office Romance”)

2. Working with the textbook. Exercise 116, p.74.

Exercise: write out the IPP with adverbial adverbs, draw up a sentence diagram, determine the type of adverbial adverbial.

- And finally, we’ll test your ability to place punctuation marks in complex sentences with different types of subordinate clauses, which will be assessed by the most impartial teacher - the computer.

3. Collective work on the computer (computer program “Phrase”: 9th grade, “Complex sentence”, option “Individual sentences” No. 515-518).

Exercise: place punctuation marks in complex sentences with different types of subordinate clauses.

(Inform the grades for completing the work on the exercise)

V. Summing up the lesson.

1. What new did you learn about complex sentences?

2. How will we distinguish between types of adverbial clauses?

Teacher's conclusion: So, today we are once again convinced that complex sentences are a huge and still little-studied country, so we will devote another lesson to studying this topic.

3. Grading.

VI. Homework:paragraph 12, pp. 67–68, extract 9 complex sentences with adverbial clauses of different types from M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “Hero of Our Time”.

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Complex sentence. Types of subordinate clauses

Subordinate adverbial Places of Time Conditions Causes Goals Comparison Mode of action Measures and degrees of Concession Consequences

Subordinate clause of place Questions Conjunctive words Where Where Where From Example 1

Subordinate Clause of Time Questions Conjunctions When Hardly Only Just While Since Only As soon As As soon As While As Example 2

Subordinate clause of condition Question Conjunctions If If If...then Once When (= if) If Whenever Example 3

Subordinate clause of reason Questions Conjunctions Because Since For Because Due to the fact that Due to the fact that Moreover, Due to the fact that Example 4

Subordinate clause of purpose Questions Conjunctions In order In order to In order to So that Then that Only If only If only Example 5

Subordinate clause of comparison Question Conjunctions As if Exactly As if Like that Like that Example 6

Subordinate clause of manner of action Questions Conjunctions As if Exactly To Example 7

Subordinate clause of measure and degree Questions Conjunctions, allied words So + (adverb) What How How Much How Much How Much How Much Example 8

SPP with subordinate tense (When?) As soon as dawn broke, a white boat went out into the lake. He woke up (when?) when the sun was already high. (When?) As soon as the destroyers left, we began to put up tents and collect firewood.

SPP with a subordinate condition (Under what condition?) When there is no agreement among the comrades, their business will not go well. Come and mow hay, (under what conditions?) only if it doesn’t rain. Her face became better (under what condition?) when mother smiled.

SPP with subordinate reason She cried because (why? for what reason?) that she could not decide what to do. I was not surprised by his action (for what reason?) because I knew his character. All work is important (for what reason?) because it ennobles a person.

SPP with subordinate purpose The nanny remained in the shadows (why?) to knit a stocking. Lukashin shook himself (for what purpose?) so that the burden would fall more comfortably on his shoulders. In complete darkness, with the headlights extinguished, the flotilla moved at low speed along the very shore (for what purpose?) so as not to run into mines.

SPP with comparative clause The whole room suddenly darkened, (like what?) as if the curtains had been drawn in it. The three of us started talking, (how?) as if we had known each other for centuries. The air only trembled occasionally, (how?) like water trembles, disturbed by the fall of a branch.

SPP with a subordinate manner of action We ran upstairs to dress in such a way (how? in what way?) to look as much like hunters as possible. The student did everything (how? in what way?) as the master ordered. The patient behaved as (how? in what way?) as the doctor advised.

SPP with subordinate measures and degrees He never worked as much (to what extent?) as he worked these days. It was so dark (how dark?) that the travelers could hardly make out the road. It became so cold (to what extent?) that steam was coming out of the house.

SPP with subordinate concessions In the steppe it was quiet, cloudy, (despite what?) despite the fact that the sun had risen. (In spite of what?) No matter how strong Chichikov was in spirit, he lost weight and even turned green. Foggy summer days are good (despite what?), although hunters and I don’t like them.

SPP with subordinate consequence It started to rain in the morning (what follows from this?) so the trip had to be cancelled. Evening was coming (what follows from this?) so everyone went home. The snow kept getting whiter, brighter (what follows from this?) so that it hurt my eyes.

• SPP diagram.
• Example of an IPS.
• Main groups of SPP according to their meaning + examples.

Types of communication in them.

• Signs for a complex union.
• Signs in complex sentences.
• Exercises

SPP diagram.

[ The main thing ] ,(adverb).

[ …, (Although), … ].

( Although…), .

Example of an IPS.

• In one place we scared away several pairs of cranes, which flew on with a sad cry.

SPP with a subordinate clause.

• Question: which one?
• Index words: such, that, that, those, that, that.
• Conjunctions (conjunction words): which, where, where, what, where.

• We came out into a clearing where an oak tree grew.

NGN with an explanatory clause.

• Questions: questions of indirect cases.
• Indicative words: that, that, that, about that, etc.
• Conjunctions: what, as, as if, so that, whether.

• They said he was seen in the city.

Mode of action and degree.

• Questions: how, in what way, to what extent.
• Index words: so, so much, such.
• Conjunctions: how, what, so that, as if, as if, how much, how much.

• The student did everything so well that the master praised him.

• Questions: where, where, from.
• Index words: there, there, from.
• Conjunctions: where, where, from.

• The bear stopped where the elk had just stood.

• Questions: when, how long, from when, until when.
• Index words: then, then.
• Conjunctions: when, while, barely, as soon as, until.

• He woke up when the sun was already high.

• Questions: under what conditions.
• Index words: then, (-).
• Conjunctions: if, when, once.

• If imagination disappears, then a person ceases to be a person.

• Questions: why, since, etc.
• Indicative words: because, from that.
• Conjunctions: because, since, for.

• I am writing a postcard because I have no paper.

• Questions: why, for what purpose.
• Index words: so, then.
• Conjunctions: in order to, in order to, in order to, then in order to.

• The lamp is covered with paper so that the light does not wake Seryozha.

Comparisons.

• Question: how.
• Index words: -.
• Conjunctions: like, like, as, as if, as if, exactly, with something, with which.

• Everything bounces off him like a rubber ball.

• Question: -.
• Index words: -.
• Conjunctions: although, at least, let, despite, no matter how.

• The troops walked and walked, although night fell.

Consequences.

• Question: due to what.
• Index words: -.
• Union: so.

• The snow became brighter and brighter, so that it hurt my eyes.

Connection.

• They contain an additional message and are attached to the main one with allied words: what, why, why.

• SPP with a subordinate clause are synonymous with SPP with the conjunction and.

• We left for the city together, which was quite natural.
• The frosts were severe, which is why the gardens died.

SPP with several subordinate clauses.

Types of communication in them.

Three types of subordinating connections:

• Consistent submission
• Parallel subordination
• Homogeneous Subordination

Consistent submission

Scheme: , (), ()

• Be hard on yourself if you don't want others to be hard on you.

Parallel subordination

Scheme:(), , ()

• When you speak without any plan, you can’t guess where your speech will lead you.

Homogeneous Subordination

Scheme: , (), ().

• And it’s sad to think that youth was given to us in vain, that it was constantly being changed, that it deceived us.

Scheme: , (if), (if), (how), (how).

• There cannot be a good prose writer if a person does not know by heart our best poets, if he does not hear how a word sounds, how the sounds alternate in it.

Conjunctions and allied words.

• Subordinating conjunctions (that, as, as if) and allied words (relative pronouns and adverbs which, whose) in a subordinate clause connect it with the main one.
• Conjunctive words are members of a sentence, but conjunctions are not.

Compare:

• Boat traffic will cease if the (union) storm intensifies.
• We saw a new house, which (=house) the builders had recently put into operation.

Which is a conjunctive word.

1) A conjunction, if it connects a subordinate clause with the main one, is not itself a member of the sentence, you cannot ask a question. 2) A conjunction word that attaches a subordinate clause to the word house in the main one and is an object in the subordinate clause, you can ask a question.

Signs for a complex union:

What if

What if then

What, when

What when, then

So although

So then

Compare:

• She told him that if he was sick, he needed to be treated.
• She told him that if he was sick, he needed to be treated.

Signs in complex sentences.

• A comma is placed between them when after the subordinate clause there is no second part of the double conjunction (that, so) or the conjunction but.

• Thick clouds rushed across the gloomy sky, and although it was only the third hour of the day, it was dark.

II case.

• Between the conjunctions and and although there is no comma, since after the concessive clause there is a conjunction but, then, so.

• Thick clouds rushed across the gloomy sky, and although it was only the third hour of the day, it was already dark.

• The sun shone on the tops of the linden trees, which had already turned yellow under the fresh breath of autumn.
• We came out to a clearing where a huge oak tree grew in the evening.

Subordinate clauses.

• Explain to me what your request is and maybe I can help you.
• He readily agreed with everything the captain said.

Explanatory clauses

• The wind blew with such force that it was impossible to stand.
• The Oka dragged the soil along the riffle with such force that one could see the sandy bottom flowing downstream.

Mode of action and degree

• Where the river goes there will be a channel.
• On the stump where we were sitting, I noticed several figures carved with an ax and similar to those that I saw during the last excursion to the river.
• He rode out from where, one after another, horses rode into the yard.

• Until the sun rose it was easy to breathe.
• While I was taking a nap, the moon rose and cast its cold and bright light through the clouds.
• He woke up when the sun was already high.

• When work is pleasure, life is good.
• Any living thing can be ruined if done with indifferent hands.
• Once you agreed, you can’t refuse.

Conditional

• Dense grass grew along the shores of the lake because there was enough moisture here.
• The greens remained fresh until the beginning of July due to the fact that the spring was damp.
• Since there was still enough time left, I went to look for a place for my future hut.

• Fish jumped out of the water to show off their colorful scales to Petya.
• Dersu made every effort to bring the raft closer to the shore in order to give me the opportunity to dry out.

• The sky sank and became yellow-pink, as if the reflection of a distant fire was falling on it.
• The further we moved from the house, the more desolate and dead it became around.

Comparisons

• Nice summer foggy days although hunters don't like them.
• People have known the source of the Volga for a long time, although scientific geographers confirmed it only at the end of the last century.

• It became so dark that we kept losing our way.
• The snow became whiter and brighter so that it hurt my eyes.

Consequences

Accessions

• Victor asked to be a miner because he heard that this was the most honorable profession in the mine.
• Scheme: , (because …), ( union What…).

Consistent submission

• When we arrived, my father showed me several large perches and fish which he saw without me.
• Scheme: (union When …), , (which …).

Parallel subordination

• On a bright sunny morning, when the birds were still singing with all their might, when the dew had not yet dried on the shady meadows of the park, the whole camp came to see Alka off.
• Scheme: [obv. vr., (when...), (when...), ... ] .

Homogeneous Subordination

• For a long time, Sintsov could not find out from anyone when the train to Minsk with which he was to depart would arrive.
• The coachman Trofim, leaning towards the front window, told my father that the road had become difficult, that we would not get to Parashin before dark, that we would be late.

• Once, while walking through the forest, I wandered so far that I almost got lost, but fortunately I finally came across a path that led me to the sea, where I was immediately able to find my way.

• He was thinking about something all the time and was so busy with his thoughts that when he was asked about something, he shuddered, shook his head and asked to repeat the question.

• He [Dersu] considered it his duty to warn about the impending danger, and if he saw that they were not listening to him, he obeyed, walked in silence and never argued.

• Yakov got up early in the morning when the sun was not yet burning and the freshness of the forest was wafting from the sea.
• When I said that roses will bloom all summer long if you cut the flowers correctly, the children were delighted.

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Presentation - Complex sentences

Text of this presentation

Complex sentences
Theoretical information

Structure of complex sentences
A subordinate clause can appear after the main clause, in the middle of the main clause, or before it:
1. , ().
2. [ ,(), ].
3. (), .

The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by commas. If the subordinate clause is in the middle of the main clause, it is separated by commas on both sides. Example: At noon, another chick flew out of the nest, which was located directly above the porch.

Conjunctions and allied words in complex sentences
Unions You cannot ask a question to them. They are not members of the proposal. Can be replaced by another conjunction or omitted.
Conjunctive words You can ask a question about them. They are members of the proposal. Cannot be omitted, can be replaced with another allied word.
Subordinate clauses are joined to the main clause by a conjunction or a conjunctive word:

Conjunctions are allied words in a complex sentence
Examples: She dreams that she is walking along a fabulously beautiful bridge. What is written with a pen cannot be cut out with an axe.

Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
SPPs with several subordinate clauses can be divided into three groups: with homogeneous subordination; with heterogeneous subordination (parallel); consistent submission; Sometimes in NGN with several subordinate clauses combinations of connections are used (simultaneously homogeneous and sequential or parallel and sequential, etc.)

Homogeneous Subordination
Subordinate clauses refer to the same word in the main clause or to the entire main clause; subordinate clauses answer the same question.
Example: While we are burning with freedom, while our hearts are alive for honor, my friend, let us devote our souls to the fatherland with wonderful impulses.
(Bye bye), .

Parallel (heterogeneous) subordination
Subordinate clauses answer different questions; subordinate clauses explain different words of the main part, but can refer to the same word.
Example: When thunder roared, the roar entered the gorge where the travelers were traveling. (When where).

Consistent submission
Subordinate clauses are arranged in a chain. The first subordinate clause explains the main thing. This is a 1st degree subordinate clause. The second subordinate clause (2nd degree) explains the 1st degree clause, etc.
Example: I want you to hear how my living voice yearns.
, (to), (how).

A comma is placed: If, with sequential subordination, there are conjunctions next to each other: what and if, what and when, so that and although, etc., then a comma is placed between the conjunctions. ,(what if …), …). For example: I already thought that if at this decisive moment I did not argue with the old man, it would later be difficult for me to free myself from his tutelage.
A comma is not placed: A comma is not placed if the second part of the conjunction follows – this or that. ,(what (if...), then...). For example: I already thought that if at this decisive moment I did not out-argue the old man, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his tutelage.

Example: There cannot be a good prose writer if a person does not know our best poets by heart, if he does not hear how a word sounds, how the sounds alternate in it.
Homogeneous and consistent submission
In a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, combinations of connections are possible

Types of subordinate clauses
Definitive
Explanatory
Circumstances
Connecting
that it’s as if...
which what who where where where when...
time (when, while, ...) reasons (because, ...) conditions (if, ...) places (where, whither, ...) goals (so that, ...) course of action (how, ...) comparisons (how, ...) concessions ( although, ...) consequences (so, ...) connecting (that, ...)
what why why

Explanatory clauses
Answer case questions; refer to the words being explained in the main sentence with the meaning of speech (said (what?), message (about what?), known (by what?)), thoughts (thought (about what?), remembered (what? about what?), thought (about what?)) or feelings (happy (about what?), glad (about what?), sorry (about what?)), etc.; clarify (supplement, explain) the meaning of the words being explained; are connected with explanatory words with the help of conjunctions that, as if, so that, allied words, whether particles in the meaning of the union. Example: I came to you with greetings to tell you (tell me what?) that the sun has risen.

Determinative clauses
They answer the question which?; refer to the defined words contained in the main sentence and characterize them; are connected to defined words using allied words - pronouns and adverbs: which, what, where, when, where, etc.; always come after the word being defined. Example: The word is an amazing gift (what?) that a person possesses.
Pronominal attributive clauses Answer the questions who exactly? What exactly? They do not refer to nouns, but to pronouns that are used in the meaning of a noun. Example: He who seeks will always find.

Adverbial clauses
They refer to the entire main sentence or to words with an adverbial meaning in the main sentence and specify the place, time, reason, purpose of the action, etc.; have the same meanings as the circumstances in a simple sentence and answer those questions; are connected to the main sentence using conjunctions and allied words. Example: So I looked into the well until the evening (until when?), until the first stars lit up.
Time
Causes
Conditions
Places
Goals
Mode of action and degree
Comparisons
Concessions
Consequences
There are types of adverbial clauses:

Connecting clauses
They contain an additional message and are connected to the main sentence with the allied words what, why, why. Example: A strong wind rose at night, which complicated the situation. From a complex sentence with a subordinate clause, you can create a complex sentence with the conjunction and. Example: A strong wind arose at night, and this complicated the situation.

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