For the reason that there are difficulties in doing business with foreign partners in agriculture, domestic production is actively beginning to develop. This is a huge chance for our entrepreneurs to launch successful factories for the production of sought-after products.

If you wish to do some kind of activity, you can consider the purchase option for the necessary equipment for the production of fish flour to supply this product to farms.

Fish flour itself is considered valuable components for a large number of diverse feed used for the cultivation of birds and livestock. This ingredient is added in sufficient quantity to the main animal feed to give it a lot of nutrient components in order to speed up healthy growth.

Features of the selected direction

In our country there are very few enterprises that are engaged in the release of fish flour. The reason is the difficulties of obtaining the necessary raw materials for production. But it was before the problems with foreign companies began, since before all the deliveries were sent to them. Now it is not difficult to make a few treaty with suppliers to ensure uninterrupted flow of raw materials for production. And taking into account a little competition, it will allow you to quickly set up your own profitable business.

Also note that almost half of this product is immediately sent abroad. And this leads to the fact that our people who have decided to buy such a flour should be much more paid for the overseas product created by our own manufacturers. And if it is on the market your manufacturer with a small cost for the goods, then all farmers with great pleasure will acquire such goods from him. So the effectiveness of this business is obvious.

The yield of such a business is obtained due to the high cost of the product itself, due to its valuable properties. If you offer fishing flour to farmers who have not come across before, you can note such positive qualities as:

  • the presence of protein;
  • saturated fatty acids;
  • trace elements;
  • many vitamins.

At the initial stage, in order to reduce the cost part to buy equipment, it is best to consider a business plan for the production of fish flour with the opening of a small enterprise. This will eliminate the lines of the line and sewing the finished products in the warehouse.

Product production process

As you already understood from the name of the goods itself, the whole process will be around fish raw materials. But it is not necessary to think that only carcasses are used for production. It may be fish lobs, bones and other diverse waste of fish enterprises.

Taking into account the good cost of finished products, many fish plants even make their small shops to create flour so that you can get additional profits on this and make waste-free production.

As for the process of the production of fish flour, the entire stage is such paragraphs:

  1. Raw materials are purified from a variety of garbage, such as dirt, for example.
  2. Grinding.
  3. All this mixture is brewed.
  4. Grinding into mince.
  5. Dehydrated.
  6. Dry.
  7. Grinding in flour.
  8. Packaging.

We also note that in the end result, fish flour is not the only product that is obtained at the exit from the conveyor. When the process of dehydration occurs, it turns out such a valuable product as fat. It can also be sold to farms as an additive for animal feed.

Equipment for shop

This cost usually includes the following components, which also need to be included in the business plan for the production of fish flour:

  • chopper;
  • bunkers for raw materials in different form (non-treated raw materials, minced and finished products);
  • tank for drying;
  • packing.

You can, of course, save a little without buying a packing machine, making such an operation with your own hands and using a dispenser for this. But it will have to hire the staff, because the process itself requires a lot of work and time. If you want to save on the equipment, you can consider the purchase of the Chinese version, which is much cheaper than domestic and foreign proposals.

Choosing a room for the workshop

For the arrangement of production, it will take the territory of at least 100 square meters, and it is better all 200. In this room there will be not only equipment, but also a warehouse with room for working personnel.

The main thing is to note that the products are not considered to be food, therefore there are no special points according to its contents so that the supervisory authorities have claims to you. The main thing is that there is good ventilation, sewage, electricity with water and the like. But for the finished product does not lose its commodity view during storage in stock, you will have to seriously approach the question of the conditions of detention.

Profitability of fishing flour

Provided that you were able to establish sales, this type of business will soon begin to bring good income. It is best to consider the option of concluding contracts for the supply of finished products in bulk. But this can be achieved if you can prove yourself as a reliable partner, which provides constantly quality products, because wholesale buyers can only work with proven entrepreneurs.

In any case, the popularity and demand for this product is at a high level, and to sell it should not be a problem. But it is best to make a bet on local residents who are close to your company, and then go to a wider market for sales and increase production.

On average, the cost of fish flour in the wholesale market today is 50 rubles per 1 kg. And the cost of production is 1 kg - about 20 rubles. If we consider the option that it is necessary to spend about 1500,000 rubles for the purchase of all equipment and other waste, then these attachments will pay off approximately 1 season of the plant. But this question should be approached correctly.

Related Materials

Fish flour, obtained by a direct drying method, is characterized by high quality, especially when the drying drying is conducted under vacuum. The disadvantage of this scheme is that the finished product is obtained with an increased fat content of flour, and fat is oxidized during the storage. As studied studies L. N. Yegorova, V. I. Treshcheva et al., The quality of fat is well maintained when the antioxidants in the flour is added, for example ionol.

The proposed method of stabilization of theft fish flour of increased fat content by introducing 0.1% butyloxyoloole (bot) into it provides animal delivers, which in monetary terms of 2-3 times the costs associated with the introduction of an antioxidant into fatty flour.

Developing flour from skinny raw materials

The production of fish flour by the way of direct drying from skinny raw materials is carried out on installations that work mainly under vacuum, without pre-cooking and pressing. In vacuum drying installations in the process of riving, the sterilization of raw materials and softening of bones are carried out. Obtaining fish flour in this method is carried out at different temperatures depending on the composition of raw materials and requires careful control and strict compliance with the established mode. The consumption of raw materials and the production of finished products in the production of fish and crab flour and fat is given by direct drying on ship installations in Table. thirty.

* (The rate of consumption of raw materials per unit of production refers to the exit of flour.)

Loading raw materials and unloading the product in the installations operating according to this scheme are carried out periodically. The drying process should be carried out intensively, since long-term thermal treatment leads to a decrease in the nutritional value of the product as a result of oxidation of fat.

Vacuum drying installations. In fig. 37 presents vacuum drying of the ship type, consisting of two drying drums. Drying is carried out in two cycles. This prevents the formation of surface crust and provides normal drying. For complete cessation of air access inside the apparatus in bearings that support the agitator axis, the glands are arranged. The dried material is heated by steam through a steam shirt. The material to be dried is loaded into a cylider through the loading hatch; The hatch is closed tightly, steam is allowed into the steam shirt and at the same time include a wet-air pump that creates a vacuum in the dryer. Initially, drying leads under vacuum in the upper drum to complete robble and partial removal of moisture, not allowing the formation of comers.

After removing a significant part of the water out of the material, when the adhesive solution is not yet too thick, open the discharge hole and the material is constrained into the lower cylinder. In the lower cylinder, the drying is carried out with a unilateral flow of the dried material.

The loaded material enters the inclined auger, with which it slowly climbs up and, reaching the loading hatch, is shown again into the lower drying cylinder. This ensures the continuous movement of the material, its periodic cooling and preventing the formation of comers. The mixers inside the drying drums have inclined blades, slowly promoting the dried material on the cylinder to the opposite end, where it enters the auger again. From the auger, the material is repeatedly repospaced into the same drying drum. The continuous process of work ensures the production of a dry semi-finished product suitable for further processing on extraction plants, where fat is extracted and fish flour produces.

Developing flour from oily raw materials

Obtaining fish flour from fatty raw materials the way of direct drying under vacuum is carried out according to the scheme developed by the hypronybrome and VNIROand verified in production conditions on BMRT "N. Ostrovsky".

In vacuum-drying facilities like "progress", the drying begins with theft and sterilization of raw materials. This process is carried out at high temperatures with pressure inside the apparatus to 1.5 AT and is accompanied by the abundant excretion of adhesive broths, the concentration of which depends on the properties of the feedstock. When sterilization, for example, raw waste of sea perch, more concentrated adhesive broths are obtained than when sterilizing raw cod waste.

As a result of drying adhesive broths are condensed and bind the dried mass in the lumps. When stirring the contents of the grouse, the lumps in the drum turn into the katoshi, be enveloped on top of the alternated fat and in half a form are not dried. In the new mode, sterilization is excluded. It has been established that the ocumer fatty raw materials are solved quite easily at a temperature of 70 - 80 ° C, even without prior crushing. When maintaining the temperature at the beginning of the process more than 80 ° C is formed by kators. This circumstance must be taken into account and ensure that the temperature at the beginning of the drying process is not higher than 80 ° C.

When processing fatty raw materials with signs of autolysis, sterilization is carried out in the middle of drying, since by that time more than 60% of moisture and residual moisture will be removed from the raw material.

Technology systemshown in Fig. 38, provides for the supply of fatty raw materials into the receiving bunker, where it accumulates for the portion of the drying drum (2.5 t.). At the same time, it is observed that the descents existing in the bunker ensure water removal. Periodic loading of raw materials from the raw bunker to the dryer drum is carried out using a screw laid along the bottom of the raw bunker. Before starting a discharge auger, a drying drum is heated.

To do this, open the steam feed valve into the shirt of the drum and the valve for the release of condensate through the bypass condenser; Warming is carried out within 15 - 20 min. With a steam pressure in the supply highway 1.5 aT.. As soon as in the shirt of the drum, the pressure will be brought to 0.5 aT., overlap the valve and in the future, during the entire drying process, condensate is sent only through a drainage with open valves. During the drying period, the installation is disconnected from the raw material bunker.

Drying is carried out under vacuum without prior coach raw materials. The creation of a vacuum in the drying drum is carried out by starting into the operation of the condensation unit, then the vacuum pump. To do this, first open the valves on the suction and injection side of the heat water pump, then the cold water supply valve and immediately allow the pump of warm water. The first 80. min. Drying lead under vacuum 300 - 400 mM. RT. Art. With a steam pressure in the supply highway 1.5 aT., while maintaining the pressure of tap water at entering the condenser in 1 - 2 aT..

With this mode, the temperature of the juice pair gradually rises to 80 ° C and further supported at this level. Especially follows that the vacuum does not fall and the drying temperature did not increase in order to avoid abundant release from the raw materials of the clading substances, which leads to formation in the dryer of raw lumps and rollers. Vacuum and drying temperature are adjusted using air valves mounted on the juice pair pipeline and the airway and airway of vacuum pumps.

In the first phase of drying for 80 min. Moisture from raw materials stands out quite intensively, therefore, at this stage drying, heating the drying drum is carried out only through a steam shirt. When moving to the second stage of drying, simultaneously increase the pressure of heating steam on the highway to 2 - 3 aT. And the vacuum is adjusted to 400 - 500 mM. RT. Art.

Since the transition to the second phase, the drying continues 3 c.. The completion of the drying process is characterized by a decrease in the ammeter reading from 65 - 60 to 40 - 35 aT., self-leveling testimony of the pressure of heating steam on the steam shirt pressure gauge with the testimony of the pressure gauge on the undermining steam line.

Drying from the drum is discharged in the following sequence. First, the warming pairs overlap, then include a stirrer, a vacuum pump and a condensation unit, and then open the unloading hatch and allow a stirrer for the opposite. A full cycle of drying drum unloading does not exceed 10 min..

The dryer is pressed immediately after unloading from the drum, while it has not yet cooled.

After pressing, the zom in the product usually remains from 8 to 10% moisture.

Work on hydraulic presses is carried out in the following sequence. First, they are overlapped with the valve line of the rambling, then open the high pressure valve, after which the hydraulic pump is included. The valve is closed at this time. When the piston will be at a distance of 8 cm From the top edge of the Zeera, the hydraulic pump is turned off, the piston site is pushed a perforated plate and a napkin. Include horizontal and vertical screws of dried drying to the press, fill it the free volume of the zeer, the dryer is covered with a napkin, covered with a perforated plate, and then a napkin and only then open the valve and lower the press piston (on 8 cm). The free space formed in the top of the Seera is again filled with dryer in the same sequence before filling the press of the press throughout its height.

To increase the loading of Zeera, the dryer is tuning, for which the entire charge of the press is covered with a thick metal plate (blue), the valve is closed and the valve is open. The hydraulic pump is again included, and the four-way crane is rotated to the "Munch" position. With this position, the piston of the mesmer is lowered down, seals drying and thus frees the place in the zeer for additional drying of the dryer. At the reservation of pressure of about 100 aT. The four-way crane is switched to the opposite position, the free volume of the zeer is loaded again and proceed to pressing. The first 10 - 20 min. The pressing process is carried out at a pressure of 250 aT.And then go to the third stage of pressure. Pressing lead 30 - 60 min. At pressure already 450 aT..

To obtain finished commercial products, fish flour briquettes pass primary coarse crushing, then grinding on the usual mills of a hammer type. The resulting fish flour with a special Kovsov elevator is fed to magnetic separators to remove ferropery, and then into the loading device for filling the flour of paper bags of the closed type.

The best package for the six-layer paper length 78 cm, 42 width cm with diameter (GOST 2227 - 65), capacity 24 kg .

The use of this scheme of obtaining finished commercial products and mechanized packaging of fish flour reduces more than three times the mass of one package, facilitates the work of machiners of RMU, completely eliminates the operation of sewing (tie) bags, increases the coefficient of use of the container of the hold of the trim and increases the economic effect of fishing and fat production.

Good results gives fat handling diagram (Fig. 39), created on BMRT 441, in which fat from the press is heading for sucks into the fat boilers. It is merged from the boilers alternately, and the fat from one boiler merges into a fat tank, while in the second boiler, the fat is defended before re-filling the first boiler.

Of great interest are the installations providing obtaining feed flour in the so-called boiling layer, based on the direct effects of high temperature of the air-gas mixture on raw materials. Installation developed by the Technical Institute of Thermophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR for the production of flour in a boiling layer (Fig. 40) consists of a screw feeder with an alternating number of revolutions, a working chamber in which there are three zones (the zone of pre-grinding of raw materials and two joint grinding and drying zones ). Through the chamber passes the rotor, on which the cutters rotate with different increasing speeds in each zone (in the first zone, the speed of rotation of the cutters is allowed to 9 m / s, in the second 25 m / sand in the third 36 m / s).

The input part of the working chamber is connected to the chamber furnace, and the output with the centrifugal separator and the cyclone. The whole system works under a vacuum, which is created using a fan.

Installation works as follows. The raw material flow enters the feeder, which transmits it to the prior grinding zone of the working chamber. In this zone, the raw material is subjected to coarse crushing, after which it goes into the zone of co-grinding and thermal processing. At the same time, the heat carrier formed during the combustion of solar oil comes into this zone.

When the raw materials arrive at the spray funnel, it is instantly chopped by the blows of the cutters and in the dispersed state is mixed with the coolant, turning as if into a two-phase dispersed system. Due to the creation of a huge surface of the interaction of the solid phase with the gas medium, instantaneous evaporation of moisture is provided.

The rate of removal of moisture from the product with such a rapid reaction of the coolant depends on the intensity of the formation of the film layer on the surface of the product particle. The formation of a thin layer of the shell prevents the free output of water vapors from the particle until excess pressure occurs inside it. As soon as the voltage of the surface shell of the particle exceeds the strength of the strength, the particle seems to explode, while the new surface is formed and then the complete or necessary moisture product is already provided from the product particles (the drying process is accelerated).

The dispersion of chopped raw materials is almost becoming equal to the dispersion of the finished product and the drying intensity increases sharply.


Fig. 40. Technological scheme for the production of fish flour in a "boiling layer" direct drying: 1 - feeder-dispenser case; 2 - conveyor feeder-dispenser; 3 - activator; 4 - knife drum; 5 - screw conveyor; 6 - microstators; 7 - frame of the furnace part; 8 - fuel equipment; 9 - firebox; 10 - the housing of the shredder; 11 - rotor chopper; 12 - the chopper cooling fan; 14 - cyclone battery; 15 - fan; 16 - gateway shutter; 17 - auger store; 18 - vertical auger; 19 - Drive Station; 20 - holder; 21 - magnetic separator; 22 - the control cabinet; 23 - fuel tank

It has been established that the dispersion of crushed raw materials is approaching the dispersion of the finished product as a result of giving the cutting edges of the incisors of the next circumferential velocity ω:

where D. - diameter of the rotor according to the cutting edges;

p - Rotor speed.

Grinding and dried raw materials from the working chamber with a pneumatic transport in the stream of the spent coolant is supplied to the centrifugal separator, where the separation of dried particles occurs. Small particles in the form of a finished product come to cyclones are deposited and fall into the bunker, and large particles from the centrifugal separator along the closed cycle are returned to the working chamber for grinding.

The finished product has maliciousness not higher than 10%, the magnitude of the particles from 0.1 to 3 mM. The temperature of the coolant at the entrance to the working chamber is in the range from 700 to 1000 ° C. Exhaust gas at the outlet from the working chamber has a temperature of 120 - 150 ° C.

The flow rate of the coolant is 1.6 m. 3 on 1. kg raw materials, and the volume of outgoing gases does not exceed 3.5 m. 3 on 1. kg raw. During operation, electricity is consumed on the rotor drive 9 kw, exhaust fan - 10 kw Fan - 7. kw and feeder - 0.6 kw.


The technology adopted for this installation provides a dosed supply of raw materials, removal from raw materials, metal and other inclusions, grinding, removal from particles of the surface moisture with hot air, pressing, introduction of an antioxidant, co-grinding and drying of raw materials in a dispersed state, separating a dry product from the coolant, Cooling and removal from the resulting dry product of ferroprymes, as well as packaging, weighing and packing of fish flour.

All fish flour production processes on this installation are held in a specific technological regulation on a given program. mM.e automatic control. The raw material to be treated is entered into the receiving bunker, from where the continuous flow through the feeder-dispenser is on the tape, and then into the shredder. To remove metal and other extraneous inclusions at the bottom of the feeder-dispenser, there is a separator chamber in which the pulp content is separated due to the difference in specific scales.

Metal impurities are deposited in fresh water, and the raw materials of the conveyor fed to the knife drum on the pre-grinding to pieces of no more than 100 mM., then a meset in the receiving neck of the chopper.

Removal of surface moisture from raw materials is carried out in two receptions - by supplying hot bozduha into the casing of a knife drum and a spin of raw materials in the conical part of the feed screw. The pressed routine screw moves to the receiving neck of the chopper, then the screw feeder is pushing to the knife heads of the first grinding zone. In the receiving neck, along with the raw material, a certain dose of the antioxidant from the microstator is received.

Drying is carried out when the cyclone is solved in the system - the working chamber is a furnace created by a special fan (feeding to the working chamber simultaneously with the coolant raw material in the form of a mixture of products of combustion of liquid fuel and air).

In the working chamber, the drying process proceeds simultaneously with the grinding process. At the same time, the crushed raw material moves along the chamber with the flow of the coolant, consistently passing the first, second and third zone of the chamber, where it is subjected to multiple grinding and forced moisture removal.

In the process of turbulent coolant coolant with finely crushed raw materials, a two-phase dispersed system is formed, in which the solid phase has a huge surface of direct interaction with the coolant, which provides accelerated removal of moisture and obtaining a conditioned dry product.

The dry product of the coolant flow is discharged through the pipeline into two paired cyclones, in which dry particles are precipitated. The coolant, passing cyclones, is removed through the fan to the atmosphere, and the finished product through the sluice shutters, the prefabricated and vertical augers in the cooled form enters the packaging.

Recently, erlifice dryers, designed to dehydrate wet fish particles transported through the vertical drying chamber of hot air, the temperature of which can be relatively high, but not causing the production of the product.

Technological scheme for the production of fish flour and fat with a centrifuge method without pressing, based on the heating of equipment with floculas (instead of steam), is presented in Fig, 41.

This scheme provides grinding of raw materials to a dispersed state and separation of the washed mass to solid and liquid phases, excluding pressing.

Raw materials enters the crusher 1 With a wide loading hole, which makes it possible to grind large fish with solid bones in a homogeneous mass to a dispersed state, easily supplemented in a nutritional 2 Supplied with level regulators. From the nutrient tank, the crushed raw materials goes to the boiling apparatus 3 Where the pump is from 4 Served in a horizontal centrifuge and separator of dense substances 5 replacing the press in these settings. The resulting fat-containing liquid is heated in the heat exchanger 6 , after which is served in the self-discharge separator 7 equipped with an automatic mechanism. Dense mass with humidity 60 - 65% from horizontal centrifuge Schneck is served in the dryer 8 then on grinding in a hammer mill 9 . Gas generator 10 It provides the supply of heat generated by the combustion of oil in the furnace, in the coat and dryer. Exhaust flue gases on a special ventilation system are coming into a canororifer 11 where air is heated coming to production purposes. In the installation there is a cyclone 12 To capture flour dust equipped with a fan 13 For the supply of exhaust air to deodorization. Technological process control is carried out automatically 14 .

The furnace gases obtained in the furnace are injected with a fan via coat and dryer. The varnish and dryer are made in the form of horizontally rotating cylinders with longitudinal pipes, inside of which the heat gases pass, while maintaining the necessary temperature regime of raw materials and drying it (Fig. 42).

The pipes at both ends are fragmented in such a way that the supplied flue gases do not enter the direct contact with the brewless and dried material. Rotating drums of the varselves and dryers are enclosed in a shirt that has inlets and outlet holes for flue gases. The heated pipes of the cooler and dryers are equipped with flat steel stages, the width is less than the diameter of the pipes. When rotating the drum, scrapers are also rotated inside the pipes and at the same time automatically removed from the surface of South, thereby providing normal heat exchange. The rotor is closed so that it practically eliminates the possibility of entering outdoor cold air into the coil gases, heating coats and dryer.

Varizers and drying drum rotate at a speed of 3 - 3.5 about/ min. with worm gear.

The nutrient conveyor of such a fatty installation has a drive with a stepped speed, which can be specified depending on the genus of the processed raw materials and the productivity of the plant.

This fatty installation provides bright fish flour with a small content of fat and high protein content. Constructive design equipment installation, layout and application of necessary devices, including automatic control of production processes, are made taking into account the latest achievements of science and technology.

Production of fish flour and fat with a centrifuge method provides: the continuity of the process and the possibility of working at different raw materials, size and quantity; Obtaining fish flour with a small content of fat, regardless of the freshness and fatty of the processed raw materials; Conducting thermal processes for the production of fish flour and fat by heating with fuel gases with a small consumption of fresh water for the treatment of fat separation; Application for this process of equipment with low operational value.

Fiscal installations of the system "Centrifish" are combined in line with a capacity of 600, 450, 300 and 150 t. per day for raw materials. Each line capacity 300 t. The day is equipped with two powerful dryers and a necessary set of fatty equipment. These settings, as well as installations operating according to the direct drying scheme, provide complete use of raw materials and obtaining solid feed flour. They operate on flue gases derived from oil burning in a special design generators. The main indicators of the installation of the system "Centrifish" are given in Table. 31.

Technological scheme for the production of fish flour and fat on continuously acting aggregated fatty installations of the "Don-Thor" system system, used in the domestic industry and working on a predetermined program mM.e with automatic control and regulation of production processes, presented in Fig. 43.

mM.e: 1 - bunker for raw materials; 2 - bunker screw; 3 - cooking boiler; 4 - press; 5 - scoma crushers; b - dryer drum; 7 - magnetic separator; 8 - Drying auger; 9 - mill; 10 - cyclone; 11 - automatic scales with a firmware; 12 - reservoir of the subhead broth; 13 - Vibrosito; 14 - reservoir (second) for subressive broth; 15 - Centrifuge "Alpha Laval"; 16 - pump, adhesive water and sludge; 17 - Pump for fat; 18 - fan; 19 - cyclone "\u003e
Fig. 43. Aggated installation of the company "Don-Thor", working and managed automatically according to the specified program mM.e: 1 - bunker for raw materials; 2- screw bunker; 3 - cooking boiler; 4 - press; 5 - scoma crushers; b - dryer drum; 7 - magnetic separator; 8 - Augene Eu-Schenki; 9 - mill; 10 - cyclone; 11 - automatic scales with a firmware; 12 - reservoir of the subhead broth; 13 - Vibrosito; 14 - reservoir (second) for subressive broth; 15 - Centrifuge "Alpha Laval"; 16 - pump, adhesive water and sludge; 17 - Pump for fat; 18 - fan; 19 - cycllo

The raw materials sent to the processing enters the digger, consisting of a welded quadrano case, in which the fixed ridges of rectangular knives are located. In the grooves of fixed knives there are movable lines of a massive rotor. The rotor makes 1430. about/ min. , drive power 5.5 kw. The crushed raw material enters the bunker of the screw, from where it goes to the robble in the continuous acting variable. In the boot funnel of the version there is a capacitive level sensor showing the level of filling of the varied raw materials and automatically regulating the feed of raw materials into the variable. Hollow vehicle auger is driven by an electric motor with a capacity of 9.67 kw Through the speed variator and gearbox.

Rubbed fish mass automatically repays to the auger press, pig-iron press lattices of which have conical holes with a diameter of 15/12 mM.. Inside the grid placed stainless steel overlays with perforation diameter 2 mM. . The press is driven from the electric motor with a capacity of 5.5 kw Through the variator and two-stage gearbox. Speed \u200b\u200bis adjusted automatically.

In the transitional pipe from the version in the press there are sensors - one of them serves to maintain the required level of the extracted mass, the other for measuring the temperature of the strained mass coming into the press.

Successfully resolved the question of the grinding of the priest coming out of the press. To do this, a hammer crusher with a massive disk rotor is installed in the outlet of the press, on which the hammers breaking the whisk of whisk before entering it into the dryer drum. The crusher is driven from an individual electric motor with a capacity of 1.3 kw.

The case of the dryer has a steam shirt, into which pairs under pressure 3 - 4 aT.. A warm steam is also fed into the tubular drum rotor, equipped with spiral and scraper blades, with which the dried material moves along the drum to the unloading window. The drying drum rotor is driven by an electric motor with a capacity of 5.5 kw Through the gearbox and chain transmission.

Through the regulating Sewber in the end of the dryer drum dryer with special rotor blades is reset to the inclined taping auger for transmission to a magnetic separator. The casing of the screw is enclosed in a shirt through which the flowing sea water is served to cool the dryer.

The drive of the auger consists of a planetary gearbox and an electric motor with a capacity of 0.5 kwlocated at the top of the auger directly under the magnetic separator. Drying, having passed the magnetic separator, comes with a uniform flow into the mill with hinges-strengthened on the rotor.

The resulting flour through a special sieve mill falls into a common pallet with a fan. From the pallet flour along with the air is given to the high pressure fan in the cyclone for the separation of flour from air, weighing and packaging.

The mill and the fan are a single block on a single shaft with a capacity of 4 ket. Drive electric motor makes 2200 about/ min. and Mill Rotor and Fan Flat 4500 about/ min. .

The shaft on which the rotor and the winner are located in roller bearings. The remaining mechanisms of the dryer drum, the boards, augers and a screw press are rotated in the bearings of the sliding. From the pallet flour, along with the air is absorbed by the fan and is supplied to the cyclone, where hesitates and is sent to the receiving bunker of automatic scales. Mass of portions of flour can be adjusted from 20 to 100 kg . Scales are equipped with a registering countable mechanism and a manual lever clip for mounting kraft bags. Thus, the accounting of finished products is fully automated.

Subressive broth from the press Self-merges in the open tank with a capacity of 0.09 m. 3, equipped with a float lower-level sensor and a pump for feeding a broth to the separator.

The vibration separator is a vibrous with an electric motor built into it with a power of 0.37 kw. The separated solid particles of protein-bone tissue are returned to the dryer drum, and the broth is discharged into a closed tank with a capacity of 0.06 m. 3 where it is heated with a sharp steam to 85 ° C and is processed on a periodic separator to highlight fat.

In the process of drying from the dryer, the water pair is removed into the atmosphere through a special cyclone. The cyclone is equipped with a hermetic compilation for trapping worn along with a ferry of drunke particles.

The collection and filter are fixed with the cyclone and are periodically cleaned.


The technological process is adjustable and controlled from a shared shield installed next to the variable and press. The total shield of the pressure gauge, measuring the steam pressure in the feeding line, and thermometers measuring the temperature of the extracted mass and vapors, sucking from the dryer drum. The shield includes the mneophem and dumplings of the inclusion of all engines of the fatty installation.

The aggregated fatty installations of the domestic production of the Vniekiprodmash system have a capacity of 30 - 35 and 60 - 70 tons per day for raw materials. The main fatty equipment is combined into two independent blocks. The first block includes variages and dryers, in the second block - vacuum evaporation unit for obtaining concentrated broth.

The raw material enters the digger, where it is crushed, then in the bunker with a screw dispenser and in the coat. Raw materials are boiled as a deaf and sharp steam. The boiled mass from the coach enters the two-heed press for separating the broth from the zom (to the humidity of 50%).

The pressed mass of the special device is supplied to the dryer with highly developed heating surfaces of the housing and shaft heated by a deaf steam. Spaning from the dried moisture material is removed by a fan with a cyclone.

The product dried to standard humidity is referred to from the lower outlet of the dryer to the vibrotranscurser platform, which the uniform layer gives it to the platform (bottom) with built-in permanent magnets to remove ferropry from drying. The fan of the mill drock is absorbed through a special sleeve into a crushing drum mechanism.

Fish flour with air flow across the pipeline enters two upper cyclones with a sluent shutter. From the second cyclone through a flow, the product enters the packaging in Kraft bags. In the pneumatic transport, flour is cooled to 30 ° cold air.

Bouillon from under the press pump is supplied to the horizontal precipitation centrifuge for separating suspended protein. Solid particles fall into the dryer through the holes at the top of the dryer. Broth pump is supplied to the separation of the clarified broth, where he heats up to a temperature of 20-28 ° C and enters the separator for the fat separation. The resulting fat is pumped by a pump in the tank (separate for fat), where heats up to a temperature of 85 - 95 ° C and sent to a fatty separator for final purification.

The degreased broth from the first (mud) separator is supplied to the pump into the tank into the separation of a skim broth, where heated and the pump is fed into a two-stage evaporation unit.

The resulting concentrated broth pump is given by a special pipeline in a burst and mixed with it. The mixture obtained in this way enters the dryer.

The scope of agriculture, due to the complicated relations with foreign partners, is actively developing today. And it gives excellent chances of entrepreneurs to develop in this direction, launching production facilities for the production of products in demand here. And if the decision came to open a business in this niche, then it is worth thinking about buying equipment for the production of fish flour and start delivering a valuable component to the market for. Fish flour is one of the most valuable (and therefore expensive) components in each feed for livestock and birds. The powder obtained during the processing is mixed with the bulk of the feed, to give it special nutritional properties.

Our business assessment:

Starting investments - from 1500,000 rubles.

Market Saturation - Low.

The complexity of the opening of the business is 6/10.

And despite the fact that the process of obtaining finished products, thanks to fully automated equipment, quite simple, the entrepreneur should work out a business plan for the production of fish flour. So in the future it will be much easier to lead its activities, taking into account the cost of doing business and the received income. What is worth considering here?

Prospects and problems

In Russia, very few enterprises producing fish flour. And it is connected mainly with difficulties in the supply of raw materials. The fact is that his large number is sent abroad. And then one way out is to conclude a contract for regular deliveries sufficient to process the amount of raw materials with several suppliers. And then, in the presence of minimal competition in the market, you can run a fairly profitable business.

The third fish flour produced in Russia is sold to foreign customers. And it turns out that our compatriots, overpaying a significant amount, the Russian product is purchased abroad. And many farmers will gladly become acquired by the local manufacturer. The huge sales market is the main advantage of this area.

The production of fish feed flour is considered an incremental business due to a fairly high price for this additive. And this is due to the properties that it possesses. And offering its potential customers with finished products, it is possible to appeal exactly its value for animals.

Fish flour composition Next:

  • protein,
  • unsaturated fatty acids
  • vitamins
  • trace elements.

To reduce the cost of launching an enterprise and minimize financial risks, it is better if a small power enterprise is organized. Thus, the mini line will not stand up as a result of interruptions with the supply of raw materials, and the released products will not be selected in warehouses.

Fish flour technology

Mini Fish Flour Production Plant will process fish raw materials in its walls. And it may be not only solid carcasses, but also waste from fish processing enterprises - bones, skin, luxury.

Considering that for obtaining fish flour there is an opportunity to process even, many fish plants equip a separate workshop with special equipment to receive additional income from valuable supplement for feed. It turns out that fish-processing enterprises can become generally utmost.

The technique of fishing flour production itself is as follows:

  • Cleaning raw materials from extraneous inclusions (garbage, dirt).
  • Grinding raw materials.
  • Cooking raw material.
  • Dragging of cooked raw materials into mince.
  • Dehydration fish minced meat.
  • Drying fish minced meat.
  • The final mistress of the resulting product in flour.
  • Packing fish flour in container.

And fish feed flour is not the only product that can be obtained in the process of raw materials. After dehydration, water and fat remains in the tanks. It is the second component of valuable - it can also be sold to farmers as a useful additive to feed. But here to get a medical fish oil in the walls of the mini-shop is unlikely to succeed, because there will be another production line for the cleaning of the technical product.

Technical equipment shop

This industry today is actively developing, and therefore there are quite a few names of machines and apparatuses to obtain a quality product. And the price of equipment for the production of fish flour will depend on its productivity and the degree of configuration. In the middle of low power, the workshop can be fully equipped with machines for 800,000-1500000 rubles.

Production line for obtaining fish flour and technical fish fat

A complied line for the production of fish flour is equipped with the following machines:

  • Bunkers for raw materials, mince and finished products.
  • Shredder.
  • Drying tank.
  • Packing machine.

To reduce the cost of technical equipment of the plant, you can purchase a line without a packing machine, and manually work with the help of dispensers. But this method is very labor, and the time for the process of obtaining the finished product will leave more. Wanting to save, it is better to buy equipment for the fish flour of Chinese production - it is much cheaper than the same Russian or European machines.

Requirements for industrial premises

To place small power line, it will take a separate building with an area of \u200b\u200b100-200 m 2. It will be located not only the workshop itself, but also warehouses for the storage of finished products and room for personnel.

At the exit, we will not receive a food product, therefore there will be no particularly tight requirements from the supervisory authorities to the production workshop. But here must be ventilation, water, electricity, sewage. But the temperature and indicators of humidity in the warehouse of finished products should be paid to special attention, since when storing flour in improper conditions, it can lose its properties and a commodity look.

Profitability of the planned business

Sale of fish flour if sales channels are debugged, it will be very soon to bring high incomes to the entrepreneur. And to contribute to this can contracts on the wholesale realization of the finished product. But major customers prefer to cooperate with proven manufacturers, and therefore, at the very beginning of their activities, the products obtained in the walls of the plant are better to certify.

The use of fish flour is quite widely - no problems should have a sales. But immediately go to the regional sales market is unlikely to succeed - at first it is worth betting on local buyers.

The average stock price of fish flour on the Russian market is ≈ 35-60 rubles / kg. At the same time, the cost of production is significantly lower - 15-40 rubles / kg. And even considering the fact that at least 1500,000 rubles go to the launch of a business at an entrepreneur. (Equipment of the workshop, the purchase of raw materials, preparing the premises for work), all costs at such a high cost of products can pay off literally for season 1.

The invention is intended for use in feed production, for the preparation of fish feed flour from low-value fish raw materials. The method includes grinding raw materials in the digger, processing the crushed raw material with a solution of acetic or citric acid with a concentration of 0.1-5.0%, the cooking of raw materials, which is carried out in two steps at a temperature in the range of 60-95 o C. Next, the mass is centrifuged, then sent to Drying, separated broth - for further processing. The processing of crushed raw materials, acetic or citric, causes a sealing of muscle tissue with small fat-containing fish, which, in turn, contributes to a better separation of fish oil with subhead with the process of centrifugation of the wave mass. The resulting fodder flour is distinguished by an increased protein content and reduced fat, which makes it better. It is intended for use in fish farming for frying fry, for example, salmon fish.

The invention relates to the fish industry, in particular to methods for producing fish flour mainly from low-value fish raw materials. Fish feed flour makes from various raw materials: fish and waste from fish processing for food products, subressive fish broths, shrimp raw materials, etc. Depending on raw materials, various methods of making flour use. A known method of manufacturing feed flour on straight drying installations, in which the pressing operation is produced after drying, and then the compressed raw materials and purification from metal photographs are produced. A centrifuge drying method for the manufacture of feed flour is also known (see the instruction for the manufacture of feed flour. 99 - in Sat. VNIRO "Technological instructions for fish processing". T.2 - M.: Kolos, 1994). This method provides for the following operations: grinding raw materials, cooking, centrifuging, drying, cooling and packaging. Fish feed flour in accordance with GOST 2116-82 must have the following content: the mass fraction of raw protein in fish flour at least 50%, the mass fraction of fat is not more than 10%. The smaller the fat content in the flour, the better the fodder flour. In the manufacture of feed flour for fish farming, for example, it is recommended to use raw materials with a mass fraction of fat not more than 4% to get flour with the smallest content of fat. Consequently, the operation of the fat separation in the process of manufacturing fish feed flour affects the greatest degree on the quality of the product obtained. Famous methods of making flour include additional processing of products in order to reduce fat content. It is known for the production of fish feed flour for poultry farming, in which raw materials (fresh and ice cream sardine, stavride, mackerel, herring, anchovy) are processed in an acidic environment, after which the centrifugation operation is produced (see Pat. RF 1836030, and 23 K 1 / 10 dated 23.01.91). In this method, the raw material is subject to separation to the preparation of separate fractions of bone and meat tissues, and the exposure in an acidic medium is carried out for each fraction separately. The quality of the product obtained, and therefore its price depend on the protein content in flour, with increasing protein content increases the nutritional value of flour. The main task that was solved in the development of the proposed method was to use low-value fish raw materials to obtain high-quality flour with a high protein content and a minor fat content. The inventive method refers to centrifuge drying methods and includes the above operations. The difference in the proposed method is that before the cooking operation, the crushed raw material was treated with a solution of acetic or citric acid with a concentration of 0.1 - 5.0%, then a cooking was made at a temperature in the range of 60-95 o C. At the same time, initial cooking was produced at a temperature of 60 -70 O with follow-up for 10-15 minutes. Then increase the temperature at 20-25 ° C, followed by the mass exposure for 10-15 minutes. The proposed method allows you to get a feed flour with high indicators (fat and protein content), superior to GOST 2116-82 "Flour feed from fish, marine mammals, crustaceans and invertebrates. Specifications", from a more fat-to-consuming raw materials, for example, washing with kalyanus or shallow herring (Fat content in raw materials 12-18%). The processing of crushed raw materials, acetic or citric, causes a sealing of muscle tissue with small fat-containing fish, which, in turn, contributes to a better separation of fish oil with subhead with the process of centrifugation of the wave mass. The concentration of the acid solution from 0.1 to 5% ensures the possibility of treating a mass consisting of a soft bone structure and muscle structure of weak consistency, to a state suitable for centrifuging operation. The implementation of thermal processing of raw materials in two stages in the temperature range from 60 ° C to 95 ° C allows to provide gentle cooking mode, which is very important in the case of using a gentle fish consistency. This prevents the caressing mass, from which water is poorly separated, and contributes to the implementation of the most efficient centrifugation mode. The short effects of high temperature on acid treated with acid also provides the possibility of a more efficient separation of the subressive broth containing a significant amount of fish fat. This ensures, in turn, reducing the amount of fish oil in the final product - flour. Thus, the claimed set of essential features ensures the achievement of a different technical result, namely, the preparation of high-quality, with an increased protein content of fish feed flour from low-value raw materials, which has a high fat content, for example, washing with kalyanus and small herring. Analysis of sources identified when searching for information showed that the claimed set of essential signs is unknown from the prior art, which confirms the compliance of the declared solution to the "novelty" criterion. Since the claimed set of essential features allows to obtain a new technical result, other than what the well-known methods can be argued that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion "inventive level". The proposed technical solution is technically feasible (industrially applicable), which is confirmed below the information provided. The essence of the proposed method is as follows. The initial raw material after defrosting is crushed to pieces of no more than 3 cm. In the case of the use of small fish, caustic or herring washed with shallow raw materials can be used without grinding. Then the raw material is irrigated with a solution of acetic or citric acid. The concentration and amount of acid are determined on the basis of the type and volume of the treated raw materials. The treatment time with a solution of an acid is also determined by the amount of fish treated. Thermal processing of raw materials is performed first at a temperature of 60-70 o C, followed by an increase of up to 95 o C. With this, the raw material is withstanding a slight time of 10-15 minutes after the first cooking, as well as after increasing the temperature. Next, the treated mass enters the centrifuge, the equipment used in fisherman is used. After centrifuging, it goes on the drying, and the separated broth is for further processing, the solution is for reuse. Finished products are packaged. Example 1. In the production of fish feed flour from 425 kg of washing, the raw materials were kept 30 minutes in 1200 liters of acetic acid solution of 0.5% concentration. After the auger, the fat-headed mass was sent to cooking, while thermal treatment was carried out in two stages: 1 stage - heating to 65 o C and cooking for 10 minutes; 2 Stage - Heating of the warded mass to 85 o C and shutter speed at this temperature for 15 minutes. The yield of finished products was 80.7 kg of fodder flour. The composition of the resulting fodder flour: proteins - 70.8%, fish oil - 6.4%, moisture - 7.3%. Example 2. In the production of fish feed flour of 470 kg of Atlantic herring, actively feeding in Kalyanus, herring kept 45 min in 1000 l 0.1% of acetic acid solution. Thermal processing in two stages: 1 stage - heating up to 70 o C and cooking for 5 minutes; Stage 2 - heating to 90 o C and shutter speed 10 min. Fish flour yield - 87 kg. Fish flour composition: protein - 70.5%, fat - 6.0%, moisture - 8.1%. The proposed method provides an increased rate of output of finished products. The resulting feed flour is distinguished by an increased protein content and a reduced fat content, which makes it better. Feed flour with such fat and protein is designed for use in fish farming for frying fry, such as salmon fish breeds, if the shelf life does not exceed the allowable goals for these purposes. With a long storage period, such flour is used in the pig farms of the North. The proposed method is easy to implement and does not require the development of additional equipment. Acetic or citric acid is allowed to use in the food industry. The expansion of the species assortment of raw materials for the production of fish flour allows to solve an important nationality problem - breeding fish of valuable rocks, such as salmon.

Claim

The method of obtaining fish feed flour, including the grinding of raw materials in the pofreat, its treatment with acetic or citric acid, cooking, centrifugation of the coated mass, drying and packaging, characterized in that the processing of chopped raw material is produced in a solution of acetic or citric acid concentration of 0.1-5 0%, cooking is produced in two stages at a temperature in the range of 60-95 o C.

Production of fish fodder flour is an important and profitable direction of the fishing processing industry. Fish flour has steady high demand. It is used in large volumes in agriculture (animal husbandry, poultry farming), in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Especially important for artificial fish breeding (it has been proven that the lipid composition of tissues in the fish is copied from feed). The development of these industries ensures the stability of the fish flour market. Leadership belongs to Peru and Chile. 10 countries account for 76% of world production. The first place is occupied by Peru - 29%. This country uses rather fatty fish (Anchoves) as raw materials. The second place is occupied by Chile - 14% (Anchovies and Study). Then follow Thailand, USA (Menhaden and Side), Japan, Norway, Denmark and Iceland (Moya, Herring, Putassu). Our country accounts for about 1.5% of world production.

About a third of the production of fishing waste produced in Russia goes abroad. At the same time, the requests of agriculture in feeds with additives from fish are not satisfied: the need for high-quality raw materials in industrial sectors for the production of feed is several times higher than the proposal. A paradoxical situation is consumed: most of the resources suitable for recycling in the field of catch are sent abroad, while about 50% of fish flour is imported.

Requirements for use in feed

Fish feed flour is a valuable component for the manufacture of feed. About its quality is evidenced by the amount of raw protein in the final products. The more protein, the better the product. As part of the flour for feeds (according to GOST 2116-2000), the protein content should be at least 50%. This level can be achieved by processing small fish and waste. To obtain 60 - 65%, fish, fine shrimps and crabs are used as raw materials. For a high quality product with a protein content of 70 - 78% of the raw materials, a white fish is not valuable breed. In addition to protein, there are fats (6-9%) - a source of vitamin omega-3, 6. With higher fat rates, the shelf life is reduced. The fatter of the grade used as raw materials, the fish, the harder it is in processing. Antioxidants add to Peruvian and Chilean flour, because Anchovies - fatty fish, and carry flour over long distances.

Fish flour price has a direct dependence on the amount of protein. The trouble of domestic producers is the use of old, still Soviet equipment. It is barely reaching the threshold of the norm - 50%, even using high-quality raw material type Mixed, while in Peru, on modern equipment, from fish in quality below, we produce flour with 65% protein. With fatty fish, such as salmon, problems even more. Accordingly, in quality and by price, our manufacturers are inferior to world leaders. Sometimes manufacturers to reduce the price, use heads, tails and fins in recycling. This significantly reduces the cost of production, but also the protein content sharply decreases. The use of vegetable protein substitutes is a little suited to feed producers - they are ready to pay a large price for high-quality raw materials that do not require refinement. It happens that unscrupulous manufacturers compensate the lack of protein by the introduction of such nitrogen-containing substances such as carbamide or ammonium salts. In birds and animals, such additives can cause ammonia poisoning, so specialists are advised to additionally check the quality of fish flour.

Methods and Production Procedure

Basically, fish flour production technology includes several stages: cooking, removal of extra liquid and fat using press, drying and grid. The use of specialized aggregate installations allows you to stabilize the composition, and provides quality control.

There are other methods of production, such as a straight vacuum drying. It is used mainly in the presence of raw materials from low-fat fish varieties. It turns out a high-quality finished product. Disadvantage - increased fat content in flour. With a large amount of fat (above 18%), flour is not long stored, therefore antioxidants are introduced into the composition of fish flour.

Market development prospects

Russian entrepreneurs should change the attitude towards the waste of the fishing industry. The market now has favorable conditions for the development of this business. Fish flour consumption in the world - more than 5 million tons per year (according to the international organization IFFO).

According to world experts, the cost of fish flour will grow. One of the most important reasons was the fall in Peru and Chile. Due to the influx of warm current in the departure places, the number of fish has sharply decreased. An increase in energy prices increased adversely. It matters and consumption growth in China. The steady demand for the products of poultry and animal husbandry, the rapid growth rates of fish growing in artificial reservoirs suggest that the market volume will also increase.

Estimation of opportunities for small businesses

Benefits:

  • high demand for high-quality products;
  • low competition.

Upcoming difficulties:

  • the lack of raw materials can be the greatest problem: almost all raw materials are exported abroad. It is advisable to conclude a contract with several suppliers on the regular supply of the required raw materials. If this task is possible to perform - profitable business is guaranteed;
  • it is also necessary to calculate the cost of electricity, given the features of the acquired equipment, because The production process is energy-intensive.

The business plan for the production of fish flour is based on the following:

  • minimum starting attachments from 1.5 million rubles;
  • the complexity of the opening of a business is 6 out of 10.

In order to open a mini-plant for the production of fish flour, it will take a separate room to 200 square meters. m (warehouse, main production and room for personnel). Be sure to connect: to power grids, sewage, ventilation and water supply. It is worth considering ways to maintain some humidity in warehouses. Flour in this respect is a capricious product, can lose its product view with improper storage. When implementing in flour there should be no lumps and mold.

The cost of the mining flour production line ranges from 800 thousand rubles to 1.5 million rubles. At the initial stage, it is enough to run one such line. The market has many offers. The cheapest models consist of 3 components: chopper, pump and drying unit. Used for the production of flour from low-fat raw materials (less5%). Such a mini line is supplied in two modifications. The first operates on electricity, the second is used electricity and steam. The production process is extremely simple. Raw materials are loaded into the shredder. When the mass becomes homogeneous, it is moved to the drying unit with the help of the pump. With full loading, the drying is shredder and the pump is disabled. During 1-1.5 hours, the mass is used, then the groove mixer stops, the water and fat are deployed from it. The last stage is a drying of the product to a moisture content of 9-10%.

The line does not provide for the use of the packing machine, because Packing can be done manually using dosing devices. However, the process is labor-intensive. If funds allow, it is better to use models in full configuration, or purchase a cheaper Chinese line.

Buy equipment for the production of fish flour problems will not be. Models are different, depending on the volume of processing: 750 kg, 5, 10, 60, 120 and 300 tons per day. The market presents Russian, Ukrainian, Chinese and other manufacturers. The price of equipment for the production of fish flour and high loading is mainly contractual and depends on the volume of product processed. For example, a medium-tonnant fishing unit for 5 tons will cost approximately from $ 60,000 per line. Chinese equipment cheaper.

The sale of fish flour is carried out in the packaging of various volumes ranging from 500 g. The average weight of the bag is 30 - 40 kg.

Improving the energy intensity of production associated with increasing energy prices can be a deterrent for domestic manufacturers. The use of energy-efficient equipment and the introduction of new technologies is the key to victory in the competitive struggle in the fishing market.