Under the essay is a literary genre of a small volume and free composition. This written form was introduced into the EE, as a means of certification and evaluation of students. In prosecical essay, examine your own considerations and impressions on the formulated problem. In order to understand how to write an essay on social studies, it is necessary to properly organize their educational activities and train over this task systematically.

In the preparation process, learn to analyze the content of the text; check the style, logicality and sequence of the material outlined; Work with the final option and make important amendments to it. The study proceeds in five blocks (man and society; sociology, economy, politics and law), each of which will be reflected in the instrumentation.

How to write an essay on social studies - Features of preparation for the exam 2018

Every year, the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FII) introduces innovations to the social science demo version. In 2018, the requirements of the social science assessment system (tasks 29) have slightly changed.

Consider amendments on specific examples:

1. The form remained the same - mini-essay.
2. The term "problem", which covers the author of the statement, is replaced by the word "idea". This does not see fundamental differences. The speech will also be kept about the considerations that arise when the quotes of the thinker appear.
3. More unambiguously formulated the requirement to highlight a few ideas if they are laid in the author's statement. In the demolity of 2017, this was described by the expression "if necessary ...".
4. Two examples from a variety of sources are still estimated.
5. It was streametive of a prolonged argument and its explicit connection with the idea of \u200b\u200bthe designated quotation.

It follows from this that the essay applying to a high score will be increased (the examples will be required to deploy more, ideas should be selected several). The essay begins to gradually leave the genre of a light and transparent composition, when it is not necessary to thoroughly disclose an example, it is enough to voice the idea.

Plus, the criteria for the evaluation of the material written by examina changed. A provision appeared on the correctness of the use of concepts, theoretical provisions, reasoning and conclusions.

For example, if the student writes that the reproductive function of the family is to raise children that stratification is the movement of the individual in the social structure, he will receive 0 points on this basis, since its theoretical arguments are incorrect.

In all the rest of China, 2017 and 2018 are similar.

Structure and content essay

The form of mini-essay provides space for creative thoughts, subjectivity and artistic image.

However, in the practice of assessing the task No. 29, special severity was formed, accuracy and influence, which follows from the structure and content of the written material.

The final essay version on a high score should include the following components:

1. Quote. One of the five proposed statements by the author, according to which the examiner preferred to express its position. To do this, it is necessary to identify with what sections of the Course of Social Studies are related to the problem in question and evaluate their own knowledge of it.

   Quotes and sayings of thinkers can be used in

2. The problem (theme) raised by the thinker, its relevance. It represents a subjective copyright position. The student must define the problem and express his personal written response to the question.

   List of philosophy

   The proposed list of topics for economics and sociology

3. The meaning of the author's statement represents his subjective opinion on the designated problem. The examiner can support the proposed idea completely or in part or at all to refute it. In any case, this item must be explicitly reflected in prosaic essay, as a clearly defined evaluation criterion is established against it. Material written by students, without properly understanding will be evaluated in 0 points.

   The meaning of the statement is the subjective opinion of the author on the designated topic

4. Own point of view. This is the personal opinion of the examined relatively raised problem. The judgment expressed must respond signs of logicality and certainty. It proceeds through the entire text and cannot have contradictory statements.

   Your own point of view should be logical and defined

5. Theoretical argument. Social knowledge (concepts, terms, contradictions, directions of scientific thought, relationships, as well as opinions of scientists, thinkers). They must correspond to the theme of the block in which the student writes an essay.

   Theoretical argument must necessarily comply with the topic of the essay.

6. Actual argument. Two options are allowed here: the use of examples from history, literature and events in society; Appeal to the empirical experience.

   In the actual argument, you can use examples from history or appeal to the empirical experience.

7. Conclusion - the logical outcome of the reasoning. He should not literally coincide with the judgment given to justify. With proper spelling, it follows in one or two sentences to highlight the main ideas of the arguments and come to the final conclusion that the student adhered to throughout the entire essay.

   The essay should be a logical outcome

Thus, to write an essay on social score on a high score, you should read all the quotes available in the task number 29 and determine their problems. In each statement, you will need to find the answer to the question "What did the author wanted to say?" And choose the most acceptable topic.

You can estimate your forces mentally, answering questions:

• What major social science theoretical provisions relate to the proposed statement?
• What should I know to reveal it?

After that, make sure that you own the fundamental concepts of that block to which the statement relates and understand its meaning.

Make an estimated writing plan, but do not forget about the restriction of the time exam.

In compliance with all the above conditions and regular training on Job No. 29, the examiner is guaranteed to cope with the essay.

How to issue

It must be borne in mind that the essay is a small essay, differing in semantic unity.

Additional advantages on the assessment of the task number 29 by experts will be included in it:

• basic information about the author of the statement (for example, the "outstanding German economist", the "famous Russian thinker of the Golden Age", "Famous philosopher-existentialist", "founder of the rational direction in philosophy", etc.);
• instructions for variable ways to solve the stated issue;
• descriptions of a variety of points of view on the problem or various approaches to its solution.

Directly these bases are not marked in the evaluation criteria, however, they will demonstrate the erudition of the examined and its deep training.

It is also worth remembering that your work will evaluate the expert. Plus there will be a recording of the text in the form of the EG game with a neat handwriting, systematized and without careless blots.

Phrase-cliche

Under the phrases of the cliché means standard samples of color consumption, typical schemes of phrases and syntactic structures. With the help of these speech formulas, the process of writing an essay on social science is subjected to significant simplification.

For the first part of the prosaic essay, with the wording of understanding of the statement, his problems and relevance, the following phrases are perfect:

• "In his span, the author meant that ...";
• "The thinker tried to convey to us the idea that ...";
• "The meaning of the proposed statement is that ...";
• "The relevance of the raised problem is manifested in that ...";
• "This question is relevant in conditions ...".

In the subsequent paragraph, to substantiate his own position regarding the statement, a number of standard cliché applies:

• "I fully agree with the author of the quotation in that ...";
• "It is impossible to disagree with the thinker of the designated statement ...";
• "The figure was absolutely right, claiming that ...";
• "In my opinion, (the writer, the philosopher, economist) accurately reflected the picture of modern reality in his statement by the fact that ...";
• "Let me not agree with the opinion of the author that ..."
• "In part, I share the point of view of the thinker about ..., but with ... I can not agree."

In theoretical argument, expressions are used:

• "Let us analyze the idea of \u200b\u200bthe author from the point of view of (economic, legal, sociological) theory ...";
• "Let us turn to theoretical understanding of the statement ...";
• "In (sociological, political, philosophical) science, this statement has its own foundations ...";
• "The proposed quotes have a deep social science substantiation ...";
• "To substantiate this statement from theoretical positions ...";
• "In the educational course of social studies (rights, political science, etc.) ...";

In terms of the selection of facts, examples from public life and empirical social experience phrases are applied:

• "Let us give a justification from public life confirming my thought ...";
• "Based on personal experience, (according to the stories of my parents, classmates ...) The circumstances speak about the opposite ...";
• "The position sympathizes me is confirmed by examples from life ...";
• "We turn to similar situations in (history, literature, cinema) ...";
• "Confirmation of the thinker quotation we meet at every step ...";

The following speech cliché is applied in the conclusion:

• "Based on the foregoing, it should be concluded that ...";
• "Summing a common line, I would like to note that ...";
• "Finishing work, it can be argued that ...";
• "In this way …";

Some experts express the view that abuse of such beaten phrases should be avoided. Although when writing an essay, they help to formulate thoughts and clearly distinguish the text. It will be better if you do not take a large number of cliches in the finished form, and change them, keeping the meaning.

Establishment Essay Criteria for Social Studies

In general, the mini-essay could receive 6 primary points, which are evaluated by the following criteria:

1. Disclosure of the meaning of the statement. At the same time, one or more ideas contained in the author's statement should be identified. For this, examine 1 primary score. For non-exposure you will receive 0 not only for this criterion, but also throughout the composition.
2. Theoretical mini-essay content. It is estimated at 2 points as much as possible if the associated chain of theoretical reasoning and constructions is traced. Separate, not related to the situation, but relating to the topic, are estimated only by 1 point. Not related to the topic 0 points.
3. The correctness of the use of concepts, theoretical provisions, reasoning and conclusions. This criterion gives a student 1 point for the lack of mistakes in theoretical constructions and terms. Not estimated by points if theoretical inaccuracies are traced.
4. The quality of the facts of the facts and examples. Two examples should be clearly related to the selected positions and theses, as well as deployed. Then the examiner will receive the maximum score on this criterion - 2. With one hand-written example, only 1 point. The complete absence of examples is 0 points.

In the Unified State Social Science Essociation Essay is the most valuable task in the Point Equivalent. This creative essay should pay increased attention and engage in frequent training over it.

Reading additional literature on right, philosophy, sociology, economics and political science will help to choose the right argument and most fully disclose the proposed problem. Calculation of evaluation criteria will contribute to the instructions in the essay of the required items and obtaining the maximum score.

How to write an essay? EGE on social studies, Task number 29

The last task of Kim Ege on social studies is considered the most difficult. For writing mini-writing examiners of FIPIs take 45 minutes. Proper task execution gives the maximum possible number of primary points.

In this short guide, I will tell you how simple and quickly write an essay.

Evaluation criteria Essay

For a start, let's look at the wording of the task number 29 from the demolism of the social science of social studies:

Choose one From the statements proposed below, discover its meaning in the form of mini-essay, if necessary, different aspects of the problem assigned by the author (affected theme).

When presenting his thoughts on the raised problem (designated topic), with the arguments of its point of view, use knowledgeobtained in the study of the social studies of the corresponding Concepts, as well as facts social life and own life experience. (As actual arguments, give at least two examples from different sources).

Philosophy
"All our theories are nothing more than a synthesis of experience, observed facts" (V.A. Ambartsumyan).
Economy
"Demand and proposal is the process of mutual adaptation and coordination" (P.T. Hayne).
Sociology, social psychology
"The pest of the person comes much later than the beginning of the individual" (B.G. Ananiev).
Political science
"" "Divide and conquer" - a wise rule, but "unite and send" even better "(I.V. Goethe).
Jurisprudence
"The law does not know howstral crimes, does not know the differences in a circle of persons, in the environment, it is committed by his violation. He is equally strict and equal to the merciful "(A.F. Koni).

To cope with the task, we need to become familiar with. You can find criteria on the FII website, they are posted in one document along with the exam demo.

First criterion (K1) -defining. You need to reveal the meaning of the statement. If you do not do this or disclose the meaning of the statements inaccurately, the K1 is put to you zero points and all essays are not checked. If K1 is observed, you are put on 1 point and the expert checks the work on.

Second criterion (K2). You must bring arguments from the course of social studies. It is necessary to bring and explain the concepts, social processes, laws that will help reveal the meaning of the statement.

The maximum number of primary points on this criterion is 2. If "the response is given separate theme relating, but not related to each other and with other components of the argument of concept or position, the expert reduces the assessment and puts one score.

If the meaning of at least one term is incorrect, then the assessment of K2 is reduced by 1 point: with 2 points up to 1 point, from 1 point to 0 points.

Third criterion (K3). According to this criterion, you need to bring 2 actual arguments in favor of your own point of view. If you admit the actual error (for example, you will say that Putin is the chairman of the government), the argument will not be credited. If the argument does not work on your point of view and disclose the meaning of the statement, it is also not credited.

Arguments should be from various sources: "media messages, materials of training subjects (history, literature, geography, etc.), the facts of personal social experience and their own observations." Two arguments from literature or two arguments from the media can calculate as "arguments from the source of one type", which will lead to a decrease in the estimate for 1 point.

How to choose a quote?

Before writing an essay, you need to choose a quote. And you need to choose not according to the principle of "liked - I did not like it," "boring is interesting." It is necessary to carefully examine the statements and evaluate the prospects for writing a good essay for each of them. It should be less than 2-3 minutes.

1. Read the statements carefully. Determine several quotes, the meaning of which you are most clear.
2. For each statement, the meaning of which is understandable, determine the terms of the terms, processes, phenomena and laws from the course of social studies. Those quotes in which you are not sure, throw off.
3. From the remaining quotes, choose those to which you can give high-quality arguments.

If after you skip all quotes through these three filters, you will have all five quotes, you can choose the one that is closest to the heart. (In this case, you know the social studies in perfectly, congratulations!)

Algorithm writing an essay

You chose a quote, the meaning of which is clear to you, and you can easily give theoretical and actual arguments. In the worst case, this quote will cause you least of all difficulties that is also good.

We write essays, based on the fact that he will have only two - experts of the exam. So we need to make it easier for them to verify the work. The expert will be conveniently verified if the work is structured in blocks according to the criteria.

The structure of the essay may look like this:

1) We convey the meaning of the quotation. It is important that this is not just retelling statements. You must demonstrate an understanding of the author's words.

Not scary if you write primitively. In the criteria for the essay there are no requirements for text style.

We chose a quote from the economy. "Demand and proposal is the process of mutual adaptation and coordination" (P.T. Hayne).

Example: The author of the statement, the American economist Paul Heine, argues that the supply and proposal mechanism regulates the relations of market participants.

2) formulating your own point of view: I agree / I do not agree with the author.

As a rule, with statements that offer graduates on the exam. It is difficult to argue. But if you feel that we disagree, do not be afraid to argue.

Example: I agree with P. Heyne, because ...

3) reinforce the point of view Terms, concepts and laws from the course of social studies. Moreover, it is important to use the material from the sphere of public relations, which is indicated in the task. Citation in economics disclose in economic terms, by political science - in terms of political science, etc.

Example: The basis of the interaction of the consumer and the manufacturer (seller) in the market conditions is the mechanism of supply and demand. Demand is the desire and consumer ability to buy a specific product or service here and now. The offer is the desire and the possibility of the manufacturer to offer the consumer a product or service at a specific price for a certain time. Demand and proposal are interconnected. The increase in demand is able to influence the value of the sentence, and vice versa.

The ideal is the situation when the market is the equilibrium price. If demand exceeds the proposal - the scarce market of a certain product is developing. If the offer exceeds demand - this can lead to overproduction.

In high competition, when the market is a lot of demand and many manufacturers, the quality of goods is growing, and the price drops, since the sellers are forced to fight for the buyer. This is one of the examples of changing the situation on the market under the influence of supply and demand.

4) Give two actual arguments from different sources. If you use a fact from personal experience as an argument, try not to invent it. The examiner will most likely not believe you if you declare that they ran into the presidents of Chile or a member of the Nobel Committee.

Example: one of the examples proving the regulatory function of the proposal is the situation in the oil market in the modern world. In 2014, the price of hydrocarbons fell due to the declining demand. The oil market pushed promising technology: the energy of the Sun, wind and other renewable resources. Oil companies had to adapt to new conditions - reduce oil production costs, reduce value added and lower prices for goods.

The law of supply and demand works not only on global commodity markets. We can see, as under the influence of supply and suggestions, the situation is changing literally outside the window of our house. In a residential area, where I live for more than 15 years, a grocery store worked in the basement. Residents of nearby houses regularly bought essential products there. However, a supermarket was opened in the neighborhood of one of the major retail chains. Prices there were lower, the work schedule is more convenient, and the range is many times richer. People voted legs, after a while, a small store closed, because I could not adapt to the new situation in the local market.

5) Conclusion. Here you can sum up your reflection. Writing output only if you have time left and you are sure that all other tasks do not require recheck. Otherwise, forget about the conclusion - in the criteria for the task the presence or absence of output is not estimated.

Example: IN Market and mixed economy The regulatory impact of supply and demand is the basis of economic relations. The indicators of supply and demand are taken into account when planning the activities of any enterprise and the whole country. It is important that the demand and supply will be balanced, otherwise crisis phenomena may occur in the economy.

It is worth remembering that the enemy of good results on the exam is a useless spending time. Do not make excessive work. Many teachers need to withdraw the problem affected by the author. This is not necessary to do, it will not affect the assessment, and the risk to make a mistake will increase.

This algorithm is not truth in the last instance. It can be adhered to it, you can navigate it, but you should not use these recommendations thoughtlessly. Perhaps, after training, you will have your own idea of \u200b\u200bhow to write essays. Perfectly! The main thing, do not forget that this work is assessed by tight criteria that you need to try to observe.

Preview:

We are preparing students for writing an essay on social science and right.

CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION

One of the main complaints about the task associated with writing an essay is as follows: Students, teachers and parents do not know what criteria this work will be assessed. With regard to the taskbot for the social studies, it will be easy to dispel the myth about the "opacity of the criteria", contacting the instructions for students:

The last task of the work (C9) is the task of choice. Performing it, you can show your knowledge and skills on the content that is more attractive for you. Choose one of the proposed statements. In the answer form number 2, write down the full number of the task, the selected statement, and then the detailed answer.

Using the text, let's lay out the requirements for this type of task. So, it should be the answer:

1) deployed, form No. 2, A4 format);

2) drawn up with a support on

3) relying on

4) representinghis position on this issue;

5} argued.

And now comparable these requirements with those presented by authors in materials for experts:

When evaluating the answer, it is necessary to allocate the following pepers:

Representing your own point of view;

It seems that no closed information or unknown requirements are provided by the authors. All information is equally open as for passing the exam,so for those receiving it.

Topic

Now let's turn to the subject offered for writing the essay. Below is a list of topics that can be detected in the Social Score packages.

Attention is drawn to the fact that all themes - aphorisms, and selected such statements that may cause an ambiguous reaction of a person, to encourage discussions, reasoning about the sense of the phrase, the relevance of such a interpretation or such an approach to one or another public phenomena, processes, facts .

Thus, the teacher, which is planning to prepare students for writing an essay, selecting topics for students, will focus on these common approaches to their selection:

Brevity;

Communication with social science / legal phenomena, processes, events;

However, it will be wrong to limit oneself in the preparation for writing the essay attentively reading instructions for students and viewing the proposed topics. Since this genre soon fastened in the literature, marked with the corresponding term "essay", it will be right to get acquainted with the literary definition of this genre and besides all the other features of his writing.

We use the combined definition made up by the reasons of several vocabulary articles.Essay - proserate product of small volume and free composition expressing individual impressions and considerations on a specific occasion or question and knowingly not claiming a certain or comprehensive interpretation of the subject.As a rule, the essay involves a new, subjectively painted word about anything. Esseistic style is characterized by painting, aphoricism and installation on spoken intonation and vocabulary.

The attentive reading of this definition will also allow us to highlight some specific features that must be present in the operation of the esseist:

Features of the language (imagery, aphoristic, spoken intonation and vocabulary);

Free composition (however, not involving the lack of composition at all).

Regardless of whether there will be a composite construction of work, it will present certain parts that create a common structure, a certain skeleton, built according to certain principles. In other words, we assume that the traditional triad in its sequence will be in operation:

Introduction;

Main part;

Conclusion.

In this regard, as one of the possible ways to prepare students for writing an essay, it is possible to propose a collecting cliché, most frequently used in the compositions-reasoning. Such a "piggy bank" can be collected together with students. For the convenience of accumulation and subsequent use of materials, you can use, for example, Table 1.

Table 1

In addition, to extend the arguments in the main part of the essay you can use the so-called Popo-formula:

P - Position (approval) -I think that...;

O - explanation - because ...;

P - example, illustration -For example, ...;

FROM - judgment (final) -In this way, ...

Not denying the importance of such an approach to the accumulation of materials for writing an essay (peculiar "building bricks"), we note that it will be useful to pick up bright phrases, unusual moves that can have an invaluable service with a novice esseist.

A good help will be a portfolio of student essays written in social science and law. Principles of selection of works can be the most different:

You can create a selection of only one subject (for example, rightly, which is especially important for the guys participating in the Legal Olympiad), etc.

ALGORITHM

However, all these reasoning and approaches will be incomplete if we do not discuss the procedure for the student, writing essociation on social science or right. In other words, we will need such a tool as an algorithm for writing an essay.

We offer an algorithm option based on the experience of N.L. Carnukh and supplemented according to the results of joint discussions conducted by the author of this article with teachers-practitioners in the training courses of teachers in the Ryazan Regional Institute for Education.

Algorithm writing an essay

1. Carefully read all the topics (statements) offered for writing the essay.

2. Select the one that will meet several requirements:

a) you are interested in;

b) you generally understood the meaning of this statement;

c) on this topic there is something to say (you know the terms, MS can give examples, you have personal experience, etc.).

3. Determine the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe statement (aboutis it?), To do this, use the reception of the periphrase (tell me the same, but in your own words).

4. Sketch the arguments "for" and / or "against" this statement (if you get the arguments and "for", and "against" aphorism, taken as the topic, your essay can be a polemical character).

5. For each argument, pick up examples, the fact of the situation from life, personal experience, etc.

6. Once again, look at the selected illustrations: Whether you used their knowledge on the subject (terms, facts of public life, for the essay by law - knowledge of modern legislation, etc.).

7. Think what literary techniques you will use to make your essay language more interesting, alive (comparison, analogies, epithets, etc.).

8. Distribute selected arguments and / orcounter arguments in the sequence (it will be your conditional plan).

9. Come up with the joining of reasoning (it can be done in it, why did you choose this statement, immediately determine your position, ask your question to the authorqi Tati, etc.).

10. Present your point of view in the sequence you have planned.

11. Word a general output of work and, if necessary, edit it.

It should be noted that the compounded algorithm does not claim to be absolutely complete, it can be clarified, specify, complement.

Preview:

L.V. Mostyaev

Technology training students for writing creative works

It so happened that recently new terms and concepts that were not used and even today are not fully understood, but extremely fashionable, and therefore popular ones in the active dictionary of students and teachers working in the field of civilian education. To that, with a full basis, it is possible to include the frequently used task of writing creative work (or essays), as a rule, aimed at a comprehensive verification of the level of training of students in the field of civilian education. This form of student preparedness check is actively involved in school subjects: in social studies (including in economics and law), history, Russian, literature, foreign languages, less often - in geography, computer science, biology, chemistry, physics and other subjects . Annual legal and social scientific competitions for students also provide for writing and protection of the essay. This list can be continued, remembering that adult people, having arranged to work, applying for training in a particular university, participating in professional and other competitions (for example, the "Teacher of the Year") are subjected to a similar test.

The experience of participating in the organization and holding of school olympiads on history, social studies, law, citizen can state that, unfortunately, not every winner of the Olympiad comes to the final with a clear understanding, what is the essence of the task.

Lyudmila Vasilyevna Mostyaeva - Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and Methods of Socio-Humanitarian Education of the Ryazan Regional Institute for Education, Candidate of Historical Sciences.

The experience of participating in the organization and holding of school olympiads on history, social studies, law, citizen can state that, unfortunately, not every winner of the Olympiad comes to the final with a clear understanding, what is the essence of the task. From here, several models of behavior: the preliminary memorization of some "exemplary" essays and an attempt to fit under the proposed topic at the Olympics or Competition (which is not always crowned with success) or the flour of the topic choice and the same flour writing and protecting the work itself without understanding what and how have to do. Therefore, at the time of the competition, the exam or other test associated with writing an essay, the most common issue on the part of students, as well as their parents and teachers, can be recognized as a question: how to learn how to write well and represent the essay?

It is these difficulties of students who observed every year at the Olympics, as well as when performing the tasks of the social studies, prompted me to take up the discussion of such a difficult topic. Difficulty is determined by its bile importance: on the one hand, the preparation of students for a single state examination, and on the other, the formation of a common scientific skill associated with the formulation, a statement and justification of its own position, its attitude to a given topic. And this skill is undoubtedly usefula graduate, regardless of how and what he is in the future self-realizes, where it will be to use it.

In addition, the experience of communicating with teachers of citizen studies, social studies and rights shows that so far the targeted training of students for writing an essay on the subject is not conducted. The pedagogical community is different, sometimes opposite ideas about how the essay should look like, how can the algorithm for writing it, etc. Dissolutions exist on the issue of assessment of the essay.

Without pretending to be the truth in the last instance, consider some technological aspects of the preparation of students for writing an essay on social studies.

One of the main complaints about the task associated with writing an essay is as follows: Students, teachers and parents do not know what criteria this work will be assessed. Applied to the task package for the examby social studies will be easy to dispel the myth about the "opacity of the criteria", by contacting the instructions for students:

The last task of the work (C9) is the task of choice. Performing it, you can show your knowledge and skills on the content that is more attractive for you. Choose one of the proposed statements. In the answer form number 2, write down the full number of the task, the selected statement, and then the detailed answer.

The response should use the corresponding concepts of a social science and, based on the facts of public life and their own life experience, bring the necessary arguments to justify its position.

Using the text of the instruction, offer students (parents, teachers) to highlight the requirements for this type of task.

Having worked with the text, having studied it carefully, students will report that it should be a response that meets the following criteria.(in bold we allocate words from the text of the instruction to show how you can attentively read the preliminary settings for students to prepare for competent response):

1) deployed but compact enough (specialblank number 2, A4 format);

2) drawn up with a support onthe concepts of a social science rate;

3) relying onfacts of public life and their own life experience;

4) representinghis position on this issue;

5) argued.

Then we will offer to compare these requirements with those presented by the authors in the materials for experts. According to them, when evaluating the response, it is necessary to highlight the following elements:

- representing your own point of view;

Disclosure of the problem on the theoretical level with the correct use of social science terms;

The argument of its position with the support of the facts of public life or their own experience.

As a result of the comparison, two main outputs can be made. First, no closed information or unknown essay requirements exist. All information is equally open both for the exam, and for those receiving it (in this case). Secondly, the quality of the essay will mainly depend on the three interrelated components:

The source material you are going to use (in our case - your own knowledge on the subject of discussion, ideas and accumulated experience on this issue);

Quality processing of the existing source material (its organization);

Argument (how accurately it correlates with problems raised in your essay).

Now let's turn to the subject offered for writing the essay. Below is a list of some of the topics that can be found in the Social Score packages.

Attention is drawn to the fact that all themes presented above - Aphorisms, and selected such statements that may cause an ambiguous response of a person, to encourage discussions, reasoning about the sense of the phrase, the relevance of such a interpretation or such an approach to those or other public phenomena, processes Facts.

Thus, preparing for writing an essay, selecting topics for work, students can focus on these common approaches to their selection:

Brevity;

Communication with social science (legal) citizen phenomena, processes, events; Support for read literature, sources;

The problem character and the possibility of ambiguous interpretation.

However, it will be wrong to limit oneself in the preparation for writing the essay attentively reading instructions for students and viewing the proposed topics. Since this genre soon fastened in the literature, marked with the corresponding termessay, it will be right to get acquainted with the literary definition of this genre and besides all all the features of his writing.

We use the combined definition compiled on the basis of several vocabulary articles.

Essay is a prose product of small volume and free composition, expressing individual impressions and considerations on a specific occasion or question and knowingly not claiming a certain or comprehensive interpretation of the subject. As a rule, the essay involves a new, subjectively painted word about anything. Esseistic style is characterized by painting, aphoricism and installation on spoken intonation and vocabulary.

Offer students (parents, teachers) carefully read this definition and allocate some specific features that must be present in the operation of the esseist.

Features Essay as a literary genre

It can be noted that no matter how free is a composite construction of work, it will present certain parts that create the overall structure of work, a certain skeleton, built according to certain principles. In other words, we assume that the work will not cost without the traditional triad in its classical sequence:

Entry (essence and substantiation of the choice of this topic); It will be worthwhile to highlight in the entry that you intend to do in essay (your goals), and the fact that your essay will not include (designate the reasoning framework), you can also give brief definitions of key terms, for example: "Under the tender relationship I mean the following ... "; However, the number of definitions should not be too large (let's say, three or four) with a short presentation (one sentence is enough);

The main part (the development of the topic: the argued disclosure of the topic based on the assembled material);

Conclusion (generalizations and argued conclusions on the topic indicating the area of \u200b\u200bits use, etc.).

In this regard, as one of the possible ways to prepare students for writing an essay, a joint collecting cliché can be proposed, which is most commonly used in the compositions-reasoning. Such a piggy bank can be collected in conjunction with students. For the convenience of accumulation and subsequent use of materials, you can use the table below.

Not denying the importance of such an approach to the accumulation of materials for writing an essay (peculiar "building bricks"), we note that it will be useful to pick up bright phrases, unusual moves that can have an invaluable service with a novice esseist. A good help in the work will be the preparation of the portfolio of student essays written in citizen-state theme. The principles of the selection of works can be the most different, for example:

It can be all the works written by the student for a certain time (such a collection will be important for the schoolboy himself and the teacher, since it can be traced on it, how the quality of writing an essay changed: what did you get and what they came to, is it possible to celebrate growth, move forward );

Portfolio can only be drawn up from the best works of one or more students (then they can be used to present a "sample", "standard" essay);

You can create a selection of only one subject (for example, rightly or citizen, which is especially important for the guys participating in the relevant Olympiad).

However, all these reasoning and approaches will be incomplete if we do not discuss the procedure for a student, writing essay. In other words, we will need such a tool as an algorithm for writing an essay.

We offer an algorithm option based on the experience of N.L. Carnukh, and supplemented according to the results of joint discussions conducted by the author of this article with teachers-practitioners at the advanced training courses in the Ryazan Regional Institute for Education Development.

Algorithm for writing an essay:

Carefully read all the topics (statements) offered for writing essay;

Choose the one that will meet several requirements: a) you are interested in; b) you understand the meaning of this statement; c) on this topic you have something to say (you know the terms, you can give examples, you have personal experience, etc.);

Determine the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe statement (what is it?), To do this, use the reception of the periprase (tell me the same, but in your own words);

Sketch the arguments "for" and / or "against" this statement (if you get the arguments and "for", and "against" aphorism, taken as the topic, your essay may be a polemical character);

For each argument, pick up examples, facts, situations from life, personal experience, etc.;

Review the selected illustrations: whether you used our knowledge of them on the subject (terms, facts of public life, for the essay right - knowledge of modern laws, etc.);

Think what literary techniques you will use to make your essay language more interesting, alive (comparison, analogies, epithets, etc.);

Distribute selected arguments and / or counterragements in the sequence (it will be your conditional plan);

Come up with joining the reasoning (you can write in it, why did you choose this statement, immediately determine your position, ask your question to the author of quotes, etc.);

Present your point of view in the sequence you have planned;

Word a general output of work and, if necessary, edit it.

Editing involves checking the work in the following directions:

Structure (check whether there is a logical connection between the parts of the essay);

Tone sincereness (avoid too emotional adjectives and adverbs);

Unity of style (it is important to decide that you do not jump from scientific style to journalistic, conversational and vice versa);

Essay volume (remind, work should be brief, reduce all unnecessary);

The attractiveness of your work, its individuality (there is something special in your work, allowing you to embarrass from a number of other works).

It should be noted that the compounds of the algorithm does not claim to be absolutely completed, it can be specified, to specify, supplement during work on the preparation for writing an essay.

During the discussion with the teachers of history, citizen studies, social studies and the rights of the problems of training students for writing an essay, we defined some aspects that deserve the attention of schoolchildren and teachers.

What is worth paying attention to the essay

1. It is worth noting that in humanitarian education there is no absolutely correct or incorrect answers to questions, as it happens in physics or mathematics - there are only more or less reasoned points of view.

2. The final mark (score) for the essay is usually listed for the ideas, their own judgments of students and their argumentation.

3. When nominating its own position in the spotlight it turns out:

a) the ability (possibility) of the student critically and independently assess the circle of data and points of view / the argument of others;

b) the ability to understand, evaluate and establish communication between key moments of any problems and issues;

c) the ability to differentiate, which is more, and less important;

d) the ability to understand analytical approaches and models;

e) readiness to differentiate opposite approaches and models and their application to empirical material, discussions on fundamental issues.

4. Win the works that are written shortly and clearly.

What follows avoid when writing an essay:

1. Neon understanding the essence of the stated topic.

2. The lack of structure in the presentation.

3. Inability to adhere to the answer to the main question (extensive distractions from the topic).

4. Use rhetoric (statements) instead of argument (evidence).

5. Careless operating data, including excessive generalization.

6. Too extensive descriptive part, not supported by analytical material.

7. Saying other points of view without references to the authors of the data of ideas and without expressing their own position.

8. Repeats without need.

We will make recent comments regarding the oral presentation and protection of the author's essay. Such a type of tasks is also present on citizen and legal competitions (for example, on the Olympiad Internet, within the framework of the Russian-Canadian project "Spirit of Democracy", the All-Russian School Olympiad on the right).

We highlight those moments to which members of the jury and viewers (listeners) appear:

1. Overall impression: appearance; speech (competent, independent, without the use of crib, confident, testifying about the knowledge of the topic, figurative); Correct and polite attitude to other participants in the conference or competition.

2. The logic of building a performance: the presence of access to listeners; determination of the relevance of work; identifying problems, goals and objectives of work; the message about the most important meaning elements of the essay (perhaps on the discoveries that occurred during the work); Examples illustrating the presented plots of work; conclusions on the results of work; The presence of the final phrase (general outcome, the prospects for developing a problem, etc.).

3. Proper use of special concepts in the development of the topic.

4. Competent use of visibility (use of computer technologies, conducting instant sociological surveys, the presence of schemes, graphs, tables, photos, etc.,working on the disclosure of the topic).

Therefore, preparing for the oral presentation and the protection of the essay:

Consider your appeal to viewers / listeners;

Make an oral presentation structure (it will not necessarily completely repeat the written version of the work, but will certainly be generally complying with it);

In the event that you plan to use an electronic presentation: make it in accordance with the interpretation structure; Choose a winning illustrative row; Avoid the desire to include all the information (progressive texts) in the presentation slides; achieve the synchronization of the oral speech and presenting the slides of the electronic presentation; Be prepared for the fact that malfunctions can occur with technique (it is worth considering an essay presentation option without the use of technology);

Learn the response structure: Key phrase, the most important definitions, ideas;

Remember that the meaning of the speech must be formulated during the first three minutes, the rest of the time will be spent on working on the content of the issue;

Each part of the speech is desirable to bring an example and comment on it;

Come up with a spectacular, memorable ending.

Thus, summarizing the said, we will try to submittechnological chain of writing and submission essayfor a student. It may look like this:

1) formulation of the problem (familiarity with the problem laid down in the subject of the essay);

2) thinking about the problem (definition of content: ideas, examples, illustrating them);

3) Essay planning (definition of structure);

4) writing an essay;

5) Check and edit work;

6) preparing the presentation;

7) Presentation Essay.

Technology training students for writing essaysthere will be somewhat different (technology for the teacher):

1st stage: Organization of independent acquaintance of students with essay - literary genre and writing requirements (as part of a specific test, for example, EGE, Olympiad or Competition);

2nd stage: Acquaintance students with essay samples (preferably on this subject);

3rd stage: "Feather's test", or conducting practical work on the development of the essay algorithm student (we note that this stage can be organized in interactive mode, students can write essays in small groups using all the necessary materials for work: from the textbook , dictionaries to other sources of information);

4th stage: Preparation of the presentation of group essays;

5th stage: Presentation and collective assessment of essays developed in groups;

6th stage: determination of common difficulties (errors, shortcomings) during the writing of the essay and ways to overcome them (corrections);

7th stage: writing individual essays.

In conclusion, let us turn to the question that we voiced at the beginning of this article: how to learn how to write well and represent the essay? The answer is paradoxal - you need to do it! Trade in writing and presenting an essay. And the award will certainly find your hero!

In this article you will learn how to write an essay on social science. Examples are attached.

First of all, it is necessary to understand that in order to learn how to write an essay in social science, it is necessary for a long time. It is impossible to write an essay without prior preparation, which experts would appreciate the high score. Sustainable skills, good results appear after 2-3 months of work (approximately 15-20 written essays). It is systematic classes, purposefulness to bring high performance. It is necessary to hone their skills in practice with direct assistance and careful control of the teacher ..

Video - How to write an essay on social science

If you have not come across the writing of the essay, see the video.

Unlike the essay in the literature or the Russian language, where the minimum amount of work is clearly stipulated and a general reflection is allowed ("philosophizing" without concretization), in the essay in social science, the volume is not limited, but its structure and content are fundamentally different. Essay on social science is in fact the answer to the question: "Do I agree with this statement and why?". That is why in essays in social studies must be attended by strict arguments, scientific relations and concretization. At the same time, it should be noted that quite paradoxical, unusual statements requiring figurative thinking, a non-standard approach to the disclosure of the problem, should be used as the essay. This inevitably imposes its mark on the essay-essay style, requires the maximum concentration of forces and attention.

I would also like to add that the exam essay is evaluated by specific people. In order for an expert, checking on the day from 50 to 80 work, noted some essay as a deserving attention, this essay should not only answer all the following requirements, but also differ in a certain originality, originality and identity - this is meant by the Essay genre itself. Therefore, it is necessary not only to state the scientific and actual material on the topic, but also pleasantly surprise non-standard and flexibility of their thinking.

Algorithm writing an essay during the exam

1. First of all, during the exam, it is necessary to properly distribute the time. Practice shows that to write an essay it is necessary to allocate at least 1-1.5 hours from 3.5 hours, allocated to the social science. It is more expedient to be accepted for writing an essay after all other tasks of kima were solved, because This type of work requires the maximum concentration of graduate's efforts.
2. Carefully read all the topics offered to choose.
3. Choose those topics that are understandable, i.e. - The student must clearly submit - what this statement is about that the author wanted to say this phrase. In order to relieve doubts whether he understood the topic correctly, the graduate must reformulate the phrase in his own words, determining the main thought. Pupil It can make orally or on a draft.
4. From the selected understood statements, you must choose one topic - the one that the student knows best. It is necessary to note the fact that they often choose the lungs, in their view of the topic, but which are complicated when disclosing the topic due to the limited scientific and actual material on this problem (in other words, everything is said in the phrase itself, nothing can be added). In such cases, the essay is reduced to a simple statement of the meaning of statements in different versions and is assessed by experts due to poor evidence base. Therefore, you need to choose the essay theme so that the student, when writing it, it can completely show the completeness of his knowledge and the depth of his thoughts (i.e. - the topic must be winning).
5. When choosing the subject of the essay, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that this statement is assigned to which social science. Practice shows that a number of phrases can relate directly to several sciences. For example, the statement by I. Goethe "a person is determined not only by natural qualities, but also acquired" can belong philosophy and social psychology, and sociology. Accordingly, the content of the essay should vary depending on this, i.e. must comply with the specified basic science.
6. Essay fully write to the draft does not need. Firstly, due to limited time, secondly, due to the fact that at the time of writing the essay, some thoughts come, and at the moment of rewriting - others, and to redo the finished text is much more difficult than creating a new one. On the draft, the graduate makes only the plan of his essay, the approximate brief sketches of the meaning of the phrase, their argument, points of view of scientists, the concepts and theoretical provisions, which he is going to lead in its work, as well as the approximate procedure for their location for each other, taking into account the semantic logic of the essay.
7. In compulsory, the student must express his personal attitude to the chosen topic in a clearly pronounced wording ("I agree", "I do not agree," "I do not quite agree", "I agree, but partly" either like the meaning and meaning of the phrase) . The presence of a personal relationship is one of the criteria, based on the essay by experts.
8. In mandatory, the graduate must state his understanding of the meaning of the statement. Those. The high school student explains in his own words - that the author wanted to say this phrase. It is more expedient to do this at the very beginning of the essay. And if you combine the requirements of this item with the provisions of the previous one, then here's how, for example, the beginning of an essay on philosophy "Before talking about the good of the satisfaction of needs, you need to decide what needs make benefit": "I fully agree with the statement of the great Russian writer of the second halfXIX. - Nach.XX explosive L.N. Tolstoy, in which he speaks of genuine and imaginary needs. "
9. It is very carefully necessary to approach the selection of arguments to confirm its point of view. Arguments must be convincing, reasonable. The arguments use the data of the respective sciences, historical facts, facts from public life. Personal argument (examples from personal life) are rated the lowest, so their application is undesirable as an evidence. It should be remembered that any personal example is easy to "turn" as an example from social life, from social practice, if you write about it from a third party (for example - not "I have a nahamila saleswoman in the store, thereby violating my consumer rights", but "Suppose that a citizen of S. Saleswoman Nahamila. Thus, she violated his rights as a consumer. "The number of arguments in the essay is not limited, but 3-5 arguments are the most optimal for disclosure. It should also be remembered that examples from history are most appropriate in political scientists, partly in the laws and sociological topics, as well as in philosophical topics related to the theory of social progress. Examples from social practice (public life) - in sociological, economic, lawyers. These relevant sciences must be necessarily used when choosing any of the topics.
10. The use of terms, concepts, definitions in the essay should be competent, appropriate, in relation to the chosen theme and science. The essay should not be overloaded with terminology, especially if these concepts are not related to the chosen problem. Unfortunately, some graduates try to insert as many terms as possible, violating the principle of feasibility and reasonable sufficiency. Thus, they show that they did not learn how to competently use scientific terminology. The term should be mentioned to the place, such a mention should indicate its proper understanding.
11. It is very welcome if a graduate in his essay indicates the points of view of other researchers on the problem under consideration, gives a reference to various interpretations of the problem and the various ways to solve it (if any). An indication of other points of view may be straightforward (for example: "Lenin considered this: ..., and Trotsky - otherwise: ..., and Stalin - I did not agree with them with both: ..."), and may be mediated, non-specific, inconsonified: "A number of researchers believe this: ..., others - otherwise: ..., and some - they offer completely different: ...".
12. It is very welcome if the essay indicates - who was the author of this statement. The indication must be brief, but accurate (see example in paragraph 8). If arguing its position on the specified problem is appropriate to mention the views of the author of the phrase, it must be done.
13. Arguments must be set forth in a strict sequence, the internal logic of presentation in the essay should be clearly traced. The student should not jump from one to another and return to the first one without explanation and internal communications, docking the individual provisions of their work.
14. Complete essays need to withdraw in which reflections and reasoning is briefly summed up: "Thus, on the basis of all of the foregoing, it can be argued that the author was right in his statement."

Esse examples on the topic:

Philosophy "Revolution - Barbarian Method of Progress" (J.zhores)

On the highest score

I fully agree with the statement of the famous French Socialist, the historian and the political figure of the first half of the twentieth century Jean Zhorses, in which he speaks of the peculiarities of the revolutionary path of public progress, about the distinctive features of the revolution. Indeed, the revolution is one of the ways of progress, move forward, to better and complex forms of organization of the public device. But since the revolution is a radiant breaking of the entire existing system, the transformation of all or most of the sides of public life, which is happening in a short period of time, then this form of progress is always accompanied by a large number of victims and violence.

If we recall the revolutionary 1917 year in Russia, we will see that both revolutions entail the most severe confrontation in society and the country, who lied to a terrible civil war, accompanied by the unprecedented fierce, millions of dead and affected, unprecedented before the rules in the national economy.

If we recall the Great French Revolution, we will also see the rampage of the Jacobin terror, a guillotine, "working" without weekends and a series of incessant revolutionary wars.

If we recall the English bourgeois revolution, we will also see a civil war, repression against dissenters.

And when we look at the history of the United States, we will see that both bourgeois revolutions that have passed in this country have the form of war: first - wars for independence, and then - civil war.

The list of examples from history can continue and continue, but everywhere, wherever the revolution would not happen - in China, in Iran, in the Netherlands, etc. - Everywhere she was accompanied by violence, i.e. barbarism from the position of a civilized person.

And let other thinkers alleged the revolution (as, for example, Karl Marx, who argued that the revolution is the locomotives of history), let the reactionaries and conservatives denied the role of revolutions in public progress, I closer to the point of view of J. Shores: Yes, the revolution is a way of progress, Movement for the better, but performed by barbaric methods, that is, with the use of cruelty, blood and violence. Violence can not create happiness!

On a small score

In his quote, the author talks about the revolution and about the progress. The revolution is a way to transform reality in a short time, and progress is a forward movement. The revolution is not progress. After all, progress is the reform. It cannot be said that the revolution does not give positive results - for example, the Russian revolution allowed the workers and peasants to get rid of the difficult situation. But by definition, the revolution is not progress, for progress is all good, and the revolution is bad. I do not agree with the author who claims a revolution to progress.

Essay plan

Introduction
1) Clear indication of the problem of saying:
"Favorites Movement concerns the problem ...."
"The problem of this statement is ...."
2) explanation of the choice of the topic (what is the significance or relevance of this topic)
"Everyone is worried about the question ..."
"The relevance of this topic is ..."
3) to disclose the meaning of statements from the point of view of social studies, 1-2 sentences
4) Representation of the author and his point of view
"The author claimed (spoke, reflected) from such a point of view ..."
5) its own interpretation of this phrase, its point of view (you agree or not)
"I think ..." "I agree with the author of the statement ..."
6) statement of its position, transition to the main part of the essay

P.S. It will be a plus if in the introduction to give information about the author of the statement and insert the definition of the selected sphere of the essay (philosophy, politics, economics, legal entities, etc.)

Argumentation:
1) Theoretical problem argument. At least 3 aspects of the theoretical disclosure of the topic should be presented.
For example: to reveal the concept itself, bring examples, disassemble signs, functions, classifications, properties.
2) Practical argument or an example from public life

Each graduate who is interested in preparing for the social studies of social science will face the task of writing an essay. From several suggested quotes, the student must choose one thesis and write an essay. In 2018, some changes will affect this final task. Now you can get the maximum of 6 primary points for the correctly performed essay (until 2018, you could maximize 5 primary points). The word "problem" (which rises by the author) is replaced by the word "idea". But it is completely non-nourish. The main thing is the value of the compositions increased, which means you need to double the efforts to get the maximum score.

So, the value of mini-essays rose, so you need to seriously approach the most significant task of the exam. To begin, it should examine the evaluation criteria for social science in 2018

1. The main criterion: disclosure of the meaning of saying. It is necessary to correctly define the idea of \u200b\u200bthe author, and (or) put forward the thesis on the topic, which will be justified with the help of arguments. If on this point 0 points, all the work is not counted.
2. The absence of theoretical substantiation of its point of view. It is necessary to explain the meaning of the concepts given in the quotation using the theory (definitions and positions from textbooks), reasoning (causal substantiating of what you think about this) and conclusions (your opinion, supported by arguments). If there is no theoretical content, it will turn out 0.
3. New criterion! Actual error: If (in terms of science "Social Studies"), you led the wrong position, they made an incorrect output, illogical reasoning, confused the term, etc., then you threaten 0.
4. Thematic is not a combination of an example or a fact with the theme, conclusion and reasoning. Only those arguments that correspond to the stated topic will be covered. Incorrectly displayed and incomplete statements will also be counted. For this item, you can get as many as 2 points if both examples are suitable. Facts need to be formulated expanded and accurately, because the error can cost the loss of points. Examples can be given from personal experience, other objects (fiction, history, geography), the media (from magazines, newspapers, body and radio transmission).

Work plan

In order to write an essay to the maximum score according to the above criteria, first of all, it is necessary to strictly observe the format or structure of the essay. So, the work plan for the exam in social studies is as follows:

• Designation of the problem and its interpretation.
• Consent or disagreement with the position of the author (explain why)
• Argument of its own position.
• Output

In detail, each of these items we will analyze in the next paragraph.

Structure and writing algorithm

Designation of the problem

With the designation of the problem, the graduate should, first of all, to comprehend the Abstract offered by the author and allocate some problem in it (idea). Most often, quotes include many problems and their interpretations. The student is better to stay on some one and consider it in detail, following the items of the essay structure. You can select several problems (ideas) contained in the thesis, and disclose them, but in my opinion, the time frame of the exam will not allow to disclose several ideas immediately and bring arguments to them. You can designate the problem using phrase-clichés, for example, such:

• In his statement, the author wanted to pay attention to the problem associated with ...;
• The main idea formulated by the author quotes ..., I see ...;

It is important that the words "problem" and (or) "idea" are sounded in the essay, otherwise there may be 0 points for their absence. In the process of explaining the problem raised by the author, it is necessary to use social science terms and give them definitions; Include the material that was included in the school curriculum.

Your opinion

In the second paragraph, it should be written about consent or disagreement with the author about the problem. One phrase "I agree" or "I do not agree" not enough. It is important to write the reason to which you rely on. This reason may summarize the arguments later. The phrases-cliché are obvious:

• "I completely agree / disagree with the opinion of the author ..."
• "It is difficult to disagree with the author's opinion ...".

This item can also include the theory from the social studies course. With it, you are competent and reasonably explain why you adhere to the voiced opinion. Please note that agreeing easier than to prove the opposite, so if you are not sure about the ideological contractions with invisible examiners, and make your business impartially and removed. It is not necessary to express their real views on certain issues.

Arguments

The next item is the most complex and voluminous part of the essay. Create suitable arguments is often not easy. It is necessary to bring at least 2 arguments clearly illustrating this problem. The main thing at this point is the specifics. Examples containing "plenty of water" will be assessed by 0 points. Your arguments may be examples from artistic and scientific literature (history, chemistry, biology and other disciplines), biographies of great people, situations from films, TV shows, from life and personal experience. It is important to take into account the fact that these statements should be from different sources, for example, from personal experience and fiction. For examples taken from one sphere, the maximum score cannot be obtained. Suppose, even if both arguments taken from books will ideally illustrate the problem, you will not be able to get the maximum score. For each of the arguments, a separate paragraph should be distinguished. Phrase-cliché:

• "To confirm my point of view, I will give the following argument ..."
• "The argument capable of confirming my point of view is ..."

Output

The last item is a conclusion. In the output, the reflection was summarized above. This part is no different from the one that you have to write in the writings in the Russian language, literature. Phrase-cliché:

• "Thus, we can conclude that ...",
• "Summarizing a common line, I would like to note that ..."

In the output it will be enough to write 2-3 sentences.

An example of writings

Especially for you we wrote . If you are interested in a specific topic to which you find it difficult to write an essay, write to us in