In most words, the choice of the vowel I or E depends on the meaning of the prefix.

The prefix PRI- can mean:
1. Spatial contiguity, proximity: COASTAL, SCHOOL.
2. Approximation, joining: COME, LEAN, STICK.
3. Incompleteness of action: SHUT THE DOOR, DOWN, BEAUTY.
4. Bringing the action to the end: SHOOT, INVENT.

The prefix PRE- can express:
1. A high degree of quality or action and have a meaning close to the meaning of the word "very": PREVIOUS, LONG, PREVENT.
2. A meaning close to the meaning of the prefix PER-: TO TRANSFORM, TRANSFORM, OBSTRUCTION.

This rule has two notes:
1. It is necessary to distinguish between spellings of words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning:
DESPECT (hate) - DESPECT (give shelter), KNEEL (kneel) - BEND (branch), SUFFER (difficulties, misfortunes) - TOTALLY (to circumstances), TRANSIENT (moment) - COMING (postman),
STAY (be) - ARRIVE (approach).
2. There are words in which the spelling of a vowel cannot be explained by the above rule. These are Russian words in which the prefix is ​​no longer singled out (for example, NATURE, REASON, CLAIMS, DEVICE, SECURATE, PREPONA, REVERSE), as well as borrowings (PRESIDIUM, PREAMBLE, PREPARATION, PRIVILEGE, PRIMITIVE, PRIVATE, PRIORITY). In such cases, in order to avoid mistakes, you need to use a dictionary.

Exercise

1. Korotkov did not hear, although he fell with his ear to the keyhole. (M. Bulgakov, "Diaboliad")
2. Dasha climbed with difficulty onto the stove, covered herself with her coat, picked up her legs. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
3. So, I got down and went to my unit. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
4. Having overcome a headache, he all gathered for the last fight. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
5. This Kuzma Kuzmich, still in the carriage, looked at Dasha - for some reason she was to his liking. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
6. The siskin was constantly chirping and jumping, and the cage was constantly swaying and trembling. (According to I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
7. He moved his hat to the back of his head, holding the rifle. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
8. Instead of sunflowers, beckoning the sun into the small windows of huts, only rotten stems stick out. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
9. At this moment, the boat started. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
10. Let grief give you firmness. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
11. Doesn't this property consist in the fact that there are fewer traces of lordship in them than in us? (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
12. But I can't feel low, the last of all. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
13. Why assume in advance that I am an enemy? (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
14. You will have to lag behind all your habits; there, alone, you will be forced to work ... (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
15. I, despite numerous vicissitudes, have never known misfortune. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
16. A further track record is provided with the passport. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
17. At that moment A.V. entered the room, and the conversation stopped. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
18. Insarov read Elena's note - and immediately began to put his little room in order. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
19. Agrippina walked, as if knitted, step by step - behind her husband. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
20. I know a nasty tavern where they will give us a nasty dinner. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
21. Kuzma Kuzmich was lining up on a bench under the stove and also could not fall asleep right away - smacking, muttering. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
22. And you speak to him and despise him at the same time. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
23. Ivan Ilyich, without moving, slightly opened his eyelids. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
24. The expression of her eyes was flattering. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
25. You have at least seven spans in your forehead - you have not ascended science, and you will always make a mistake. (According to A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
26. And the girl is written badly. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
27. You, my friend, I advise you to botanize: this is the best thing you can think of. (According to I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
28. You seem to be a smart person: what are we going to do? (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
29. And good peasants will fool your father without fail. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
30. The singer gave herself up to the wave that lifted her, her face changed. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
31. Bring him to me, I'll interrogate him myself. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
32. Elena could no longer carelessly give herself up to the feeling of her happiness. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
33. She put the lamp on the table, lowered the light, sat down. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
34. And N.P. took out the proverbial pamphlet from the back pocket of his coat. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
35. There he saw her for the first time, she seemed to him as red as spring. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")

The exercise was prepared by D. Zhuzhleva and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).

Spelling of prefixes is an important section in the study of the Russian language. Vowels in the prefixes pre- and pre- depend on lexical meaning words. Their spelling principles are few and not complicated. But, despite this, not only children, but also adults get confused in the rules when the vowel -e or -i is written. Consider the rule of writing pre-/at-.

In contact with

Prefix at-

Words with attached express:

1. Attachment and approach. Addition, application, come, come, fasten.
2. Incomplete action. To lull, to snuggle up, to jump up, to keep an eye on, to warm, to sip, to rise, to limp.
3. Being close to something. Save, near-mountain, bedside, front-line, suburban, railway station.
4. Gradual completion of the process. Taming, instill, get used to, addiction, reconciliation, save.

Note! What is incomplete action? These are expressing the half-action of a person or object, i.e. doing something incomplete. Get up - get up, sit down - sit down, lie down - lie down

learning Russian

The value of the prefix pre- can be expressed:

1. The superlative meaning of the word. Great, pre-important, wise, advantage, ripe, insipid.
2. The prefix pre- can be replaced by re-. Transient moment - passing (a moment that will change); to swim (obsolete form) - to swim across.

Important! In there are words in which pre- and come to the root of the word. It is difficult to explain the spelling of such words (in most cases it is), so it is better to remember them. Examples: president, price list, teacher, drug, throne, pretender, preference, private, privilege.

Spelling confusion can occur in homophones - words that sound the same but have different spellings. Convert - bring to life, pretend - close, transient - temporary, coming - appearing somewhere; despise - hate, despise - take care of someone; bow - respectfully lower, bow - bend down; to betray - to deceive, to attach - to strengthen the role of the subject.

Spelling prefixes pre-/pre- verbs

Pre-/attachment prefixes are often used with verbs, so we will pay special attention to them.

Words with the prefix pre- have the following interpretation:

1. Change something. The frog turned into a princess. Spring has changed everything around.
2. Implement = bring something to life.
3. Ending an action or process. Block the way, interrupt the speech, stop the crime, stop the activity, prevent the flow.
4. An action is above or below a certain measure. exalt, exceed, exceed, underestimate.
5. To abide = to live, to be, to exist. He lives in Rostov. = He is in Rostov.

You can use the hint site http://bezbukv.ru/mask/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5$/verb, on the page of which there are verbs with a prefix in which -e- is written.

Note! Most verbs with are found in works of fiction.

The prefix pre- is used in the spelling of verbs in the following cases:

1. Completion of an action or movement. Come, run, drive, fly.
2. The specific position of one object in relation to another. Apply a compress, glue a sheet, stick tightly, touch your hand, attach a shelf, attach details, pin a brooch.
3. Addition. Add speed, attribute too much, buy things, attach a balcony, increase capital.
4. Incomplete action. The verbs "sit down" and "lie down" can have the meaning of a short-term action. I lay down on the bed to take a nap. I'll sit down for a minute and run further on business.
5. The verbs of perception "look" and "listen" with the prefix pre- and postfix -sya express deepening into action - to look better, listen carefully.
6. The verbs “call” and “attract” with the prefix prefix = refer to someone, induce to action - call, attract.
7. The verbs “teach”, “tame”, “instill” (figurative meaning), “get used to” = transfer or acquisition of any qualities, properties, skills. Parents taught children to discipline. Animal lovers can even tame a lion. The teacher of literature instilled in us a love of poetry. Those who are used to getting up early do a lot.

The prefix pre- can be used with verbs not only literally but also figuratively. Verbs of motion fall under this category. Let's look at examples in which the verb "come" is in a figurative sense:

1. Meaning "get a certain result". We have arrived at a definite solution to this problem.
2. May contain a conclusion/conclusion or agreement. After working after school for two years, he came to the decision to leave his hometown and start life anew. As a result of lengthy negotiations, representatives of the two countries came to an agreement on territorial issues. The commission came to the conclusion that there were no violations in the work of the bank.
3. The meaning is "to agree", "to have a common decision". We argued for a long time where we should go on vacation, and when we came to a common opinion, we decided to go to the White Sea.
4. Meaning "understanding" or "realization". With age, he began to understand how important it is to protect health.
5. Meaning "get power". As a result of the elections, the Republicans came to power in the country.

In verbal parts of speech, the spelling pre-/pri will be preserved. Blocking - blocking - blocking, trying on - trying on - trying on.

The verb "to come" is also found in phraseological turns: How could that come to your mind? - Think about something. He never recovered from that terrible accident. - Come to your senses.

If you are in doubt about the spelling of a word and cannot decide which vowel, -e- or -i-, should be inserted into this word, then be sure to look in the explanatory dictionary. We remind you that the spelling of pre-/at- directly depends on the meaning of the word.

Rules for writing prefixes in Russian

Spelling of words with prefixes

In unstressed position in attachments pre- And at- usually a vowel sound And.

For example: when twisting, pre funny, etc.

How not to make mistakes in writing words with these prefixes?

To spell words correctly with prefixes pre- And at-, you need to understand the differences in their meanings:

Values ​​​​of prefixes for - and pre-

The prefix pre- means:

• Accession
• Approximation
• closeness to something
• Incomplete action

The prefix pre- means:

• The highest degree of action or quality (close in meaning to the word very)
• Coincides in meaning with the prefix re-

Consider the table with examples:

Dictionary words with prefixes pre- and pre-

In some cases, it is impossible to determine the meaning of the prefixes pre- and pre-, and such words must be remembered. We check them in a dictionary (dictionary words). Here are some vocabulary words:

Special cases of writing words with prefixes pre- and pre-

In Russian there are words with prefixes at- And pre-, which sound the same but are spelled differently depending on their meaning. Here are some pairs of such words:

• despise (disrespect) - despise (take care of someone, give shelter)
• Betray (change someone, betray someone) - give a shade (add)
• Break the law (break) - get down to business (start)
• Successor (person, successor) - receiver (device)
• To bow (respect) - to bow (to bend down)
• Bring to life (realize, implement) - close the door (cover)

And finally, you need to remember some words of foreign origin,

For example:

presidium, president, privilege, priority.

To reinforce the topic of prefixes, we offer you two online simulators: in the first simulator, which includes 60 words, you need to select and press the letter e or and. If the answer is correct, it will move to the next word. If you answer incorrectly, you will be shown the correct spelling and meaning of the prefix. Click "Next" to continue. There is a counter of correct answers.

Online simulator in Russian Spelling prefixes pre- and pre-

The second simulator is more like an online game. There are more than 40 phrases on the field, in some of them the words are spelled with errors in the prefixes pre- or pre-. Mostly vocabulary words. You need to find all the misspelled words and click them. Then they will disappear. Keep in mind, the game counts correct and incorrect answers.

Spelling of words with prefixes PRE- and PRI-

In order to write words that begin with PRE- or PRI- without errors, you need to learn the following rule.

In most words, the choice of the vowel I or E depends on the meaning of the prefix.

The prefix PRI- can mean:
1. Spatial contiguity, proximity: COASTAL, SCHOOL.
2. Approximation, joining: COME, LEAN, STICK.
3. Incompleteness of action: SHUT THE DOOR, DOWN, BEAUTY.
4. Bringing the action to the end: SHOOT, INVENT.

The prefix PRE- can express:
1. A high degree of quality or action and have a meaning close to the meaning of the word "very": PREVIOUS, LONG, PREVENT.
2. A meaning close to the meaning of the prefix PER-: TO TRANSFORM, TRANSFORM, OBSTRUCTION.

This rule has two notes:
1. It is necessary to distinguish between spellings of words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning:
DESPECT (hate) - DESPECT (give shelter), KNEEL (kneel) - BEND (branch), SUFFER (difficulties, misfortunes) - TOTALLY (to circumstances), TRANSIENT (moment) - COMING (postman),
STAY (be) - ARRIVE (approach).
2. There are words in which the spelling of a vowel cannot be explained by the above rule. These are Russian words in which the prefix is ​​no longer singled out (for example, NATURE, REASON, CLAIMS, DEVICE, SECURATE, PREPONA, REVERSE), as well as borrowings (PRESIDIUM, PREAMBLE, PREPARATION, PRIVILEGE, PRIMITIVE, PRIVATE, PRIORITY). In such cases, in order to avoid mistakes, you need to use a dictionary.

Exercise

1. Korotkov did not hear, although he fell with his ear to the keyhole. (M. Bulgakov, "Diaboliad")
2. Dasha climbed with difficulty onto the stove, covered herself with her coat, picked up her legs. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
3. So, I got down and went to my unit. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
4. Having overcome a headache, he all gathered for the last fight. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
5. This Kuzma Kuzmich, still in the carriage, looked at Dasha - for some reason she was to his liking. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
6. The siskin was constantly chirping and jumping, and the cage was constantly swaying and trembling. (According to I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
7. He moved his hat to the back of his head, holding the rifle. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
8. Instead of sunflowers, beckoning the sun into the small windows of huts, only rotten stems stick out. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
9. At this moment, the boat started. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
10. Let grief give you firmness. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
11. Doesn't this property consist in the fact that there are fewer traces of lordship in them than in us? (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
12. But I can't feel low, the last of all. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
13. Why assume in advance that I am an enemy? (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
14. You will have to lag behind all your habits; there, alone, you will be forced to work ... (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
15. I, despite numerous vicissitudes, have never known misfortune. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
16. A further track record is provided with the passport. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
17. At that moment A.V. entered the room, and the conversation stopped. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
18. Insarov read Elena's note - and immediately began to put his little room in order. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
19. Agrippina walked, as if knitted, step by step - behind her husband. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
20. I know a nasty tavern where they will give us a nasty dinner. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
21. Kuzma Kuzmich was lining up on a bench under the stove and also could not fall asleep right away - smacking, muttering. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
22. And you speak to him and despise him at the same time. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
23. Ivan Ilyich, without moving, slightly opened his eyelids. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
24. The expression of her eyes was flattering. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
25. You have at least seven spans in your forehead - you have not ascended science, and you will always make a mistake. (According to A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
26. And the girl is written badly. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
27. You, my friend, I advise you to botanize: this is the best thing you can think of. (According to I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
28. You seem to be a smart person: what are we going to do? (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
29. And good peasants will fool your father without fail. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
30. The singer gave herself up to the wave that lifted her, her face changed. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
31. Bring him to me, I'll interrogate him myself. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
32. Elena could no longer carelessly give herself up to the feeling of her happiness. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
33. She put the lamp on the table, lowered the light, sat down. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
34. And N.P. took out the proverbial pamphlet from the back pocket of his coat. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
35. There he saw her for the first time, she seemed to him as red as spring. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")

The exercise was prepared by D. Zhuzhleva and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).

To determine how to correctly write the prefixes pre- and pre-, you need to learn to distinguish what lexical meaning they attach to a particular word. This is in most cases.

Because there are some words that you just need to remember or check in a dictionary.

Prefixes pre- and pre-. Their semantics

1. The prefix pre- means:

a) The highest degree of quality (action) with the meaning "very" or "very". For example: much, exaggerate, elderly.

b) The meaning of the prefix pre- is practically the same as that of the morpheme re-. For example: overcome (overpower), block (block), transform (rebuild).

2. The prefix at- means:

a) adding to something. For example: surcharge, addition.

b) Approaching or being close to something. For example: suburb, coastal.

c) An action occurring at the same time as another action. For example: sing and dance.

d) Incomplete action. For example: open, sit down.

e) The perfect form of the verb, formed from the imperfect, if its meaning does not change. For example: beat-nail, think-think.

More examples

Eloquently testify to the need (for the correct spelling of words) to distinguish what the prefixes pre- and pre- mean, the examples below. To despise (shelter) and despise (consider insignificant, unworthy), arrive (arrive) and stay (locate somewhere), give (add) and betray (change), receiver (device that receives electric current, etc.) and successor ( heir), proceed (start) and transgress (violate), pretend (cover) and transform (realize).

However, there are words in which the prefixes pre- and pre- have an unclear meaning. For example: freedom, neglect, habit, welcome, sentence, adventure, picky, apply, decent, swear. This also applies to words of foreign origin: privilege, drug, president, priority. Their spelling should be checked in a dictionary or memorized. In addition, there is a group of words in which the prefixes pre- and pre- were singled out as a separate morpheme, but now they are not. These include: object, advantage, limit, contradict, pass over, seduce, obstacle, punctuation (signs), bicker, obstacle, satiate, notorious, stumbling, disgust, fastidious, device, order, comely, primitive, decent, take communion, claim , affection, reason.

Spelling: prefixes pre- and pre-

The rule again depends on the semantics of these morphemes.