Updated service on a nuclear submarine. Home service. Appointment on a submarine. Small and agile
In August 1969, after the end of the Sevastopol Sigger Naval Engineering School, came to serve on the Northern Fleet, on the head submarine 667a of the project, in the second crew. I served on the ships of this project to the reserve in November 1991. On these ships, I had to undergo seventeen combat services in posts from the Commander of the Remote Control Group (was the commander of the reactor and turbine compartments), was the commander of the Division of the Movement, the commander of the electromechanical combat part from 1980 to the revenue. The commander of the BCH-5 I left seven combat services. In 1984, after the last combat service, on which an accident occurred at the failure of the left side of the apparatus, I stayed to serve in the city of Severodvinsk, and in 1985, after the establishment of a military medical commission on unsuitable service in the floating composition of the Navy, remained The constant composition of the brigade of repaired submarines, on the ship, which was in the sea and at which an accident occurred.
If we talk about the most memorable outputs at sea, then this is, of course, the first campaign and the last. The first - because of the severity of the sensation, and the last, since the last and accident, which in gravity entered the analogues of accidents at nuclear submarines.
The first hiking coincided with the development of the strategic and tactical use of our ships. The use of the main energy installation (GEU) of ships in a purely single-fold version, with shifts in the middle of a combat campaign (by the way, a very unsuccessful solution, since the middle of the campaign coincided with the location of the ship in the equatorial zone where a very high intake water temperature). The use of combined methods for using GEU technical means, that is, one shaft line in normal mode, and the second in the mode of electric traffic. Etc. In addition, the optimal deadlines for the location of the ships of our project in the sea were determined. The largest combat service is more than 100 days, then the optimal option was chosen, and economical, and low noise, and the safest, and most secure modes were selected.
Now I argue about it, on the street Sunny, in the house is warm. All this is somewhere far away and no matter how it was with me. But then ... Then it was a very difficult and dangerous job. We lost not one person on various crews, and how many guys have lost health and, most importantly, reason. Then there was no unusual "lead with the seas" went crazy. I will try to explain the reason below, and now, returning to the beginning of the narrative, we think again, what is the heroic of the underwater service. Most likely, this is the ability to collect all emotions in a fist, forget that you at the moment I want, and do the work that is needed now the ship, crew. To know that this work is needed by the state and your deprivation is not a whim of some guidance, but the urgent need for your homeland. It is very difficult to deal with emergency situations when it is, it is easier, harder and in search of this situation is very difficult in a submarine remaining workable 24 hours a day, prevent any errors, professional and in relation to their comrades.
And the setting on the ship is specific:
1. The feeling of depth acts not only on the nerves of submariners, but also most importantly, on the material part. The constant voltage of the solid housing, especially when the depth changes, the constant influence of the intricate pressure on the bottom-on-board reinforcement, the glands of the pumping water pumps and the entire technique associated with the intricate environment. The change of seals, especially the pumps of circulating trails, in general, the case is quite common, but there were cases that such worked actions led to an emergency atmosphere with the death of personnel. The state of being under a large layer of water in the psychological impassiveness of some sailors, especially the urgent service sailors, led to cases of quiet obstruction of people. Moreover, with good work, the Deputy Commander for Politchestvo, who did not give to think, but loaded the socialist competition to such an extent that it was sick of this, but "fools" brought less. It should be noted that in the sea no one could never only sleep, but also to sleep normally. Watch, caring for the material part, teachings, classes, training for the struggle for the vitality and specialty, anxiety when floating under periscope, communication sessions and placement of the place and so on, and to sleep 6-7 hours by pieces, there is a couple of hours, there is a couple there. And I am delighted without emphasizing who is heavier everything is hard to everyone. The degree of gravity is determined by the decision-making responsibility. Incorrectly made decision from a simple situation can lead to tragedy, and even to a catastrophe.
2. Outputs to the sea, especially on combat services, is a long process, the duration of the combat service of our ships is at least three months. And moved away from the pier, a couple of clocks in the surface position, the transition to the dive point and dive, three months later came across and after a couple of hours came to the pier. And there is no offense, because they served on submarine ships intended for carrying a combat service, conducting hostilities, in general, for war. Standing nebogenic ships for the pier are allowed only in repair, and the rest of the time in the sea with full combat readiness. And after all, not only submariners suffered from separation from the shore, but families. Young, beautiful women for months alone, mom-dad for children, and even in the north, when in the apartments it is cold, at home they rushes, and that the sin to hide, it will notice that the Voinorg can not provide stores, there is no supanity of fresh products, they are sitting Officers and Michmanov and are guessing than feeding a family, and dad "saucht". Poor garrison children, they made the idols from their dads, the demigods, because they rarely see each other, even boast of success in school, could not - Dad is not at home. I again deviated from the main story, it can be seen, emotions overwhelm.
3. So, the ship is again. These months of the hike pass not only in strong psychological tension, but also physically demand a lot. The noise level from working mechanisms is very high and constant - what is not the "Music Box" for Torture? And you can not get anywhere, even on the contrary, you enjoy that everything works.
4. A constant level of illumination is mainly lamps of "daylight" leads to the so-called "sensor hunger", hunger on the color, and odors. After all, even the food on a submarine is preparing only boiled and parenchy, even to roast soup or borsch, because when burning fat decomposes with the release of acrylic. The hostess know that with long frying products in a closed room, the head begins to hurt, etc., and the submarine is not closed room, but hermetic.
5. In the vital activity of people, the work of a large number of mechanisms is created by a special microclimate, very dry and hot. In residential compartments, the air temperature is up to 40-45 GD. It is considered comfortable, but in energy up to 70 GD. No one claims claims. Moreover, in the northern waters, when overboard about 0 GDD, and in southern latitudes, when about 30 GD., In the compartments, the microclimate does not particularly change.
6. Serious problem for the human body - pressure drops. Almost all submariners had a borotrahum of the ear and more than once. This is an example: especially when returning from southern latitudes to my home to the northern, when the temperature drops, the amount of air is reduced, and its reserves should be replenished. The replenishment of air replenishment is made on the periscopt depth, the time of staying on which is strictly limited from the diving conditions, so, first the pressure is reduced to the maximum possible, about 400 mm mercury column, and then for 20-25 seconds rises to 2-2.5 kg.m.kv. As they say, there is nothing to do.
7. And water! After all, it is possible to drink only distilled water, which is prepared by the help of evaporators. The excessive work of the evaporators is also a decrease in secrecy, main weapons of submariners, so it is very limited to washing and bathing time, but what's on the bath - on washing dishes water is limited: rash more mustard and utensils will be clean.
8. The most important thing is that there is no breathing with air, but a gas mixture that submariners themselves make, removing harmful impurities and adding oxygen and other gases. By the way, oxygen is also done on the boat itself with a special car from water. So here is the restrictions. Sport is good in the fresh air, and on the submarine it is a destructive business for the human body.
I tried to draw a little existence on a submarine ship. A little, because there are many problems, water is an aggressive environment in which a person cannot exist that there is water, because in the conditions of increased air pressure, people exist only to six atmospheres, and then - nitric anesthesia and death. And the problems are the removal of garbage and waste, and the operation of the playful devices, and the removal of dirty water, and so on, because by side not one kilogram of excessive water pressure. And long-term storage of food and bread? All this is in a normal setting, but after all, the opposing side leads active fighting ... and the crash of technology? All these questions embrace almost impossible in a short article. I tried to reveal the weekdays in the life of submariners.
It is very difficult for me to talk about the patriotism of some of my comrades, call individual names too. Almost everyone, with whom I went to the sea, deserve the most sincere respect. Self-dedication of submariners has always been so high, and it was so indecent to praise that all the burden and deprivation of service we perceived not only as inevitable, but with some pathos. I say "we", not "I", because I was inseparable from the crew, because only in the crew each of us meant. And this applies to all, from the commanders of ships to the youngest sailors. Responsibility is the only thing that the equally divided equally is, depending on the post, from experience. Even the ugly phenomena of "wanking" in the sea disappeared.
In the hardest moment of my service, and this is a nuclear accident GEU left side, there were my comrades with me, primarily officers and Michman. The feeling of "save the saroshika" was very developed. During the accident in the compartment, only officers and Micman worked without limit time, and the personnel of the urgent service was scheduled for shifts, the most severe control of radiation safety was carried out behind the sailors, although my dose of irradiation and dose of officers were calculated on collective dosimeters, since individuals were once It was changed. Of course, not everything was so monotonous on all ships - there were cases when people in emergency compartments remained due to momentary weakness and negligence, people because of elementary abnormalness, disadvantage, desire to regret themselves and others. But the main attitude I described correctly, because the sacrifice is based on the struggle for the vitigation of the ship, all the compartments are sealing with the accident, the emergency compartment is sacrificed to save the entire ship, and, as a rule, submariners were ready for this victim consciously.
Currently, there are a lot of hunters to fuck our life in the nearby past, including showing the unnecessaries of our efforts to protect the Motherland. This is nonsense. For their homeland, for his country, you should always fight and be prepared for battle. Then everyone in the country will be easier to live, as we will respect us in the world, and we will respect ourselves. Slaves are always beggars. Slavs never had slaves from other nations.
Memories of the fleet service.
Instead of preface
From gentle
I arrived at the fleet with a completely unshaven lieutenant. So nonpougem that instead of Mata, who is now in my vocabulary, which sometimes skips even in conversations with the ladies, I used to use the terms "please" and "Thank you" in those delicate years.
Lieutenants on the fleet appear at the end of August, after the holiday, which is given to the lieutenant as the last chance to feel like a person. And in order to be better felt, the homeland and FinnChasso allocate him as much as two pays. So it was, but today, in the conditions of fatal non-payment of money content - I do not know. But in my times it was so. After 15 rubles 80 kopecks of monetary content - wild, yes. And the restaurant once a month with his wife was enough. And not only.
I received as much as 440 rubles. Walk soul. And the soul walked. For a tram, we believed below officer dignity. Only a taxi! Vacation held her parents in Batumi. Opposite their home there was a park called Pioneer, and then Dolphinarium and "wild" beach. The beach was pebble and walk on him barefoot was hurt. Once we have long come together in the water and did not notice that the course took us away from the place where the clothes remained. Have you ever been to the Black Sea in the Batumi area? If you were, remember that the pebbles are there with a steep barhalan, hiding the seaside territory, and in the foreseeable space this beach is the same - no landmarks. I do not know about the insidious course, we jarled along the sharp pebbles along the rivheress of water, the clothes did not find and accepted the heroic decision to follow home what. The path was not far away, but confused the possible reaction of the local population with its Georgian-Turkish blood. Fortunately, the Batumi Beach at that time was patrolled in the evenings of border guards. The border guards saved us, for the detection on the shore of the clothes without bathrs led them to the conclusion that the latter are on the way to Turkey. Before the alarm, it did not reach, but we saw a certain excitement from afar. True, to get to your own things, calm the outfit and get dressed, I had to get out to the embankment and follow in Bikini among the elegant holidaymakers.
After that, we began to walk on the city beach. There was far away, but on the way there was a delightful basement with dry wines in barrels. From each baroch, it was possible to remove the sample, completely free, and the bottle of wine cost such funny money with him, which is not even worth talking. The final chord of this wonderful vacation was to visit the "Salkino" restaurant, where my golden shoulder straps and a cortk, as well as a young wife (not without certainly), were the key to success. Naturally, I took this success to my own account, although the case, apparently, was in Lyudmila. To honor, Georgians must be said that they are very tacty in this respect. It seems to even pay for the table did not have to have, as hospitable Georgians fell asleep us with gifts. Apparently, I answered the same, but in any case, the whole rampant with interest paid off by twenty. Try now to go to the Georgia to a restaurant, if, of course, you have enough courage to go there. Who needed to disperse the National Return?
It's nice to get from the ship to the ball. I assure you that the reverse process is simply painful. It all started with the fact that the ship (i.e. crew) was simply not. After tedious walking in the personnel department, I was assigned to the project 675 (now you can), and my crew was on vacation. Temporarily seconded to another, where, in order not to interfere, immediately handed the credit sheet immediately and explained that I can go to the Pier only to send a natural need (read Pokrovsky. Galuuna and their contents are his favorite topic). She who sheltered the crew, worked out the first coursework, and he was not up to me. On the day of my solemn phenomenon, they just handed over the task of the F-1 (on the imitation of a fire and the struggle for the survivability), and I am green - turned out to be on board to unaware of the watch. Because no one instructed me, and I, naturally, did not imagine actions, I tried to sit down in the only place me - in the cut of the hydroacoustics. There I was caught by an intermediary, for for the teachings of the second compartment was appointed emergency. I quickly declared a corpse, the task was not accepted, and on the analysis it was also said: "In the second compartment, Lieutenant Cutuzov was found." Only completely devoid of imagination, a person will not imagine the attitude towards me the crew command after this incident.
While I climbed the trumpets, studying the boat, and looked at the sun only from the root of Piers, Lyudmila with Aleshka lived in the hotel. How? Very simple. First, in the hall of the hotel, they put a clamshell (entered the position), and when the week passed, and from me, neither hearing, nor the Spirit-clamshell moved to the household service room, sweating ironing boards. However, there were many such lieutenants. Moreover, they lived in debt, since the biggest vacations will still end earlier than the vacation itself, and the lifting allowance had to count on the first half of the service. Beauty, will say today's lieutenant, who knows from the school that it will get this no earlier than translates to a new place, such that I had to fully calculate for the previous one. When all loans were exhausted, we began to wander on new friends and just unfamiliar people, for more than two times in one place were not delayed. And the need for a new crossing caused a sharply negative reaction from the command (Lieutenant in the town?). We must admit that these tests of Lyudmila made himself with honor and even supported me when I fell in spirit.
Later, having an apartment and bachelor before the arrival of the family, I myself went to the hotel and took such a poor thing to his post. It was a normal phenomenon and did not surprise anyone. Then, how is it now?
Once a wife, having arrived from a big land, found someone else's bra in his own things. Reaction is imagined. Just the wife of the next lieuer staying Lieutenant has not yet used to remove his things (and what did you think?).
The holiday of the relatives in the future crew was enough for me to pass the tests for self-control. To honor, the Nekrasov commander should admit that after the penalty for storing the container at the station three times exceeded the cost of its delivery, he still let me go to Murmansk for obtaining this container itself. And it was necessary that by that time, just a month and a half from the date of arrival, I was already where to get things. The compassionous house management without registration and order let us go - three lieutenant families - in a two-room apartment. Together with a former classmate (in a lamp, if you consider our wives and Aleshka), we took the room.
And then, as Tov noted correctly. Pokrovsky, everything somehow got a job. On the fleet, indeed, everything sooner or later is satisfied itself, it is only important not to interfere with this process. Lieutenants - Freakniki dispersed, returned from vacation my crew, issued a pay and lifting - life went. By the end of the year I went to my first autonomy on the 675 project.
The first autonomy is the stage for the lieutenant. The status of an officer does not yet acquire, but receives a complete right to look down on one year old, in the far beam not yet visited.
The described stage of my life took less than a year. Gentle over. I learned to reveal, drink undeveloped alcohol, manage sailors and moderately rudely managed. Further things went easier.
How I started
Underwater boats 675 of the project today in the fighting composition remained, so it can be safely written about it. It was an atomic boat1-th generation, with cruise anti-religious medium radius missiles (it seems 350 km). The rockets were placed in eight commercial containers, which for the start rose into an oblique position. For this feature of the boat were called "clamshells". The second feature of the boat of this series was extremely high noness, for which, according to the classification of the journal "Jane", they were attributed to the class "Echo", and on the jargon were called "roaring cows."
Project Planch 675 (before modernization) The boat had 10 compartments, the central post - in the 3rd, the cutting of the hydroacoustics - in the 2nd one. Since the target designation was provided for the rockets from the aircraft, later - the satellite, and the control of missiles in flight - from the radar, the antenna of which was placed in the root part of the cutting - the use of missile weapons was provided from the superval. Thus, the heroes of suicide bombers served on these plants, but fortunately, none of these participation boats took the participation in hostilities.
When mastering the ship, they chased us, lieutenants, mercilessly. Hosting to the tolerance to duty took personally commander of the BCH 5 Misha Gershonyuk, famous for the fact that once tried to sit on a bus in shape and a green felt hat. Each ship's system had to be drawn up for memory, and then showed at the place. Misha, old and thick, not lazy to crawl into any schorka where the required valve was hidden. As a rule, he closed the next question from 4-5 presentations. Before the credit of the lental of the departure, there is no place. In addition, there was such an incentive: at the service meeting, Starpom raises you and says, turning to the rest of the officers: "Here is a lieutenant, he does not give standings, you all dudder for him ...". " But the allowed did not relax. Removed Misha from duty merciless - himself, although this right is given only to the commander and Starp. Misha's family did not have, and from the boat it usually took the watch, drunk at the very place, in which he was pushed. His cabin was in the second (on the 675 project, this battery compartment). The cabin had a built-in tank "Shila" (alcohol), and after the evening report, Misha was sought to her. An hour after two, the duty showed the smoke in the second - the bold Misha lit up, despite the hydrogen. After that, it was usually unloaded on the Pier.
Episode. Boat in navigation repair, in a small blade. Summer, Razlar. The watch warms the stomach on the pier, and in the central - duty officer at the board Lieutenant Kutuzov, all the systems of the ship - the basic. Roils "Kashtan" (combat broadcast): "The commander of the BCH 5 causes duty." I come, I repent. Misha from the cherished tank lets half a cup, stresses me, no objections. I do not dare to give up, I drank, I rush to the sink, the snack is not proposed. And here I remember that the fresh system is disabled. Misha, very calm: "Understood, lieutenant? That's how I suffer. "
Episode. The place and time of action is the same. I have civil specialists. Matchast is restored, and I will get out "Shilo." We are just from the sea, and I'm used to that fresh water flows from the crane in Galuuna. I grind, the guys are labeled, quickly drink and still faster disappear. Raise them and found all sitting by a row in the eagle pose on the root of the pier.
Summary. It is possible to drink intricate water, I myself drank a whole plastic when baptized in the submariner, but it is impossible to breed it "Shilo" - it is impossible to breed it.
About officers and jackets
The uninitiated person is not to understand that the school does not prepare the officer. The school is preparing an engineer, and a military engineer who differs from a civil engineer in the same way as a militaryormality differs from a doctor.
Joke. What is militaryormality?
First, this is not a doctor.
Secondly, not a military.
I became an engineer pretty quickly - life forced. In the institution I had a hydroacoustic complex, a radar station and a radar target design station, and the whole technique required hands. On the location, I was sitting Michman Schurik Watermelov - a sort of kreagun, whom after the autonomy had to push in the ass, so that it was through the upper buggy hatch. But the matter he knew tight, and I did not have worries with location. But no one was engaged in acoustics, and, therefore, I had to master me. On the fleet they say: "You can not force others - do myself." I mastered the matchmaster so much that my successor was another four, after my care for a new project, came to consultations.
The officer does not prepare the school at all. Officers are becoming or not becoming. I happened to meet officers who did not become such, even having reached the colonel. The officer is just the one who can make others so as not to do. However, a harsh school of schools and the formation of an officer contributes very much. The student remains a jacket or prisoners of war, no matter how much he served; From the cadet, with rare exceptions, the officer is obtained. He began to get out of me somewhere in two, to the first officer rank senior lieutenant.
Motherland hears, his homeland knows .... Where, the lamb, her son stirred
We stood then in the lip of the Nerpike, in the surprise Padlovka. This is because life and service in the western face is not sugar, but in Padlovka generally serve as a padla. The bus and the indoor truck-scooter took with battle, but did not forget about the subordination, so the place was not always located for lieutenants. But healthy, young instincts took their own. And after the penny, after a penny, so that 9 kilometers are drumged on the hills to the town, for me there was no problem. Usually we, young lieutenants, combined for a joint campaign, especially in winter, when it could be easily lost. Have you ever been to winter, at night in the hits of the Polar region? And do not happen if you are not an idiot or not a young lieutenant poisoned by spermunication.
In general, the base of Western persons (now the city is closed) includes four points of basing: the lip is a big blade, the limit of our dreams, because modern ships were based there, with the same idiotic service, but to the town only 4 km on the road; The lip is a small blade where the flooded was based and the service was not as idiotic; the lip of innovation (padlovka) is 14 km on the road or 9 on the hills; Andreev's lip, sometime served to overload nuclear reactors, and in my case there was no overload there, the spent two were kept (fuel elements of the reactor). Twietes were hung there in non-servant storage facilities on special clamps, which gradually rot and fell to the bottom of the repository. But those who knew about it were silent. Over time, when I have already served in a pine forest, the worked fuelists at the bottom has accumulated so much that they have slightly exceeded the critical mass, and it remains to be surprised to be surprised, which spark lacked for the explosion, against which Chernobyl would seem like a light fountain. It became impossible to be silent. Urgently found the intelligent guys, which these Augean stables rake. The leaders received the heroic stars - and deservedly, sailors - irradiation, but did not recognize the world community. Rather, I learned, but late. This is the so-called "Nikitin case" (or "BELLUNA"). But at the time I am writing about, Andreeva's lip served as a place of reference for those who managed to overlap even those, very loyal norms of alcohol consumption, and therefore was called the alkashive.
Of the pleasant and not very
After two years of service, autonomy and repair in the polar, I sniffed, dismissed the tail and feathers, began to consider myself a man. And man wants to live in human. I got the forever defective match, I wanted to move to a large blade, serve on a new technique. Just turned up new formation on the 2nd generation, and I left the head of the RTS.
The new formation is the so-called big circle: half a year the crew form, and then send to study in the training center - another year, then half a year, fooling before departure to the plant, this is called internship on the fleet. Internship is a good time: you are sitting in the barracks, there are no match - no responsibility. From time to time you will be addressed to the exits in the sea, sometimes flagship leaves for myself - not because you are the smartest and experienced, but because there is no more. Ship officer Commanders to the headquarters are not happy, but with the formation - please.
The process of crew formation is also not bad. Of course, as the command is appointed, the rotation of it is gradually the process of twisting nuts, mainly by finding classes for personnel. Starpomas were prescribed to us last, and the damage immediately. Therefore, we actively started learning the ideological and theoretical heritage. This is golden lived. Everyone is sitting and write abstracts. Going ashore through the abstract. But the abstract is not a match, in the worst case you can fill it - let's say, I brand from the unclosed decanter, as happened to me once it happened. But it is rare. So, by challenging the next volume of the next classic and alone for the order on the barracks of the watch to the 22nd, it was possible to count on the gathering. By that time, we had Alenka, and we managed to get a new apartment in which they later practically did not live. Alenka was born represented by the doctors successfully brought her sepsis. And what do you want? After all, these are our doctors - our wives who were waiting for the opportunity to make a specialty and this very specialty, meanwhile, forgot, and when it was employed - it turned out that her husband had already heard all the unthinkable terms and deal to translation. So, doctors and teachers have not been delayed for a long time. So about sepsis. Lyudmila from the moment of birth of Ali so from the hospital was not discharged, and their epic began from one hospital to another, while in the Murmansk Regional Alenka did not overflow my blood. You can say the second birth. In general, up to 3-4 years old, Alenka grew up a weak child, did not get out of hospitals, especially in Leningrad.
We studied in Obninsk, near Moscow. Now, when I myself became a teacher with solid experience, I have the right to conclude that our mentors did not too burdened themselves, i.e. did not prevent us from receiving knowledge on their own. However, the obtained luggage was enough for us to master the ship. The rest of the time was dedicated to culture. We must admit that in this sense the training center provided for effective support. Politicalotel was in force, and gasoline did not believed. So every month we were taken to Moscow or the Moscow region, in order to give a cultural charge for the entire subsequent service. Even in the star town drove. I thought there are astronauts by crowds, like dogs in the spring - but no. The same people live, just as a deficit, and about cosmonauts only tell: "Won over the windows of Valentina Gagarina, and she herself in Moscow. Here, on these bricks, the leg of Popovich ... "
We studied, and back to the north - to be internship. But I already mentioned it. And then the ship was built in Leningrad, they completed in Severodvinsk, then still autonomy, then the Academy and four years in the headquarters, again autonomy and, finally, the translation into the pine forest.
Lecturer Uz E.V. Kutuzov, Sosnovy Bor About service
The ship repair plant in Polar, Platulkazarma is the most that Pokrovsky painted. November, night. Two lieutenants are sitting in the cabin - the author of these lines and Boria's navigator. They talk about the service. This is such a sign - the sober officers speak of women, drunk about the service. We sit for a long time and talk about the service. Bottles and cigarette chosen into the porthole - the sea will hide everything. In the morning it turned out that the water area was frozen overnight, and under the board turned out to be a hill of bottles and cigarettes ... everyone learned the content of our conversation.
Influenza Spaniard and Toothpache
We chased a boat to the White Castle-Baltic Channel, from Leningrad to Severodvinsk.
It was in November, and the Zekka gateways built close-boat in the dock, along with the tug did not fit. Therefore, the tug was slipped: at first the tug was sent, it went on clean water, then the crew, evenly divided into two parts along the banks of the canal, dragged on the rope to the water source with a boat (burlaci on a white-toe) and waited for the gateway. After the opening of the gate, the towing took the end, and the dock took us. It was in November, the weather is far from summer, and the clothes are far from wintering - the jetty on top of the costume of the Republic of Belarus (this is such a one-time suit, it should be thrown away, and we were washed and wore from the task to the task). And we started with the epidemic of influenza, and not simple, and Spanish. A terrible thing, we report to you. The heat is that a person completely loses control over the body and its actions. And instead of harmless runny nose - diarrhea, the stomach is upset perfectly, dehydration occurs. This influenza is dangerous. I sit in the central, on duty on the ship, I look with the middle deck crashing the navigator electrician. Galuuna on the boat is closed, they went to Galun Doc, here it was there and suffered. The eyes are closed, goes like a somnambula. It comes to the vertical ladder, takes over him and at that moment the indestructuring of the stomach and occurs. It is poured out and smells, and the power, as the outpour, leave him, and, holding the handrails, he moves to his knees under the ladder. Here my watch picks up and drags down. I avoided this Spanish. Just for the period of the dock transition, two regular watch was appointed, we settled every other day and the ends did not drag.
But I got me a toothass pain. The tooth was painted, and the doctor had on a dock position - no tools. Just passed we have dads. There, the locking operation is long, approached in the evening, sliding in the morning, here is the commander and let us go with a doctor ashore, to the hospital. Tagir, our doctor immediately warned me that the likelihood of duty of the dentist is small. And I am ready at least to the vet. Found the hospital, they were read -Ed, of course, not tooth. He refused to call him, the case is not deadly. We returned with a doctor on the ship, and the commander puts him the task - I am in line with any way, half the crew with Spanish lies, to carry no one, and I still have to dudge. Tagir took the older glass of alcohol, and the mechanic pliers. Polovakan me for anesthesia, in half a cup of pliers solid, and I snatched the tooth. I have a crown instead, I can show.
Autonomy
In the first autonomy, I had problems with the chair, in the sense of natural shipments. This is later I wondered, it became physical exercises to do, and in the first one - lazy. Moving little, along the coach route (she was in the hatching of the hydroacoustics, and not a cabin) - a combat post - a cabin campaign.
I carried the watch in the Beepe - a combat information post. It is loudly called - the post, in fact, in the central stationed the surcharges, where the laying tablet stood.
Central post "K-502". Watch Officer Bip E.V. Kutuzov We walked into the Mediterranean Sea. The route in the Atlantic was specially chosen away from shipping pathways, so that acoustics sometimes reported by day: "The horizon is clean," which means that there is no job. Here we are with the tabletist and have detected our post, sometimes slept in turn. And in the central stood we always had a bank with breadcrumbs and a bottle of fruit extract. Intelligence such an extract with water - better horshi. But if you drink rye crushing with this drink, then in the intestines such an extract it turns out that in Galujune, except sounds, you can not produce anything. Laughing with laughter, and with such a feature of the body someone and the flood-container was written off. I have everything passed naturally, only rye crackers I have since did not eat since then.
In the autonomy we took oranges and tangerines, the last more. So I decided to issue oranges on the cabin company, tangerines on the tank sailors. This caused a healthy envy. My metristo forgot my last name, but not Russian - outraged: "Why Opelsin Chunts, and we are mandarins, Opelsins are useful."
There was no oxygen settings for the 1st generation. There were regeneration plates in portable settings, which per day had to recharge. Banks with these plates - the B-64 kits lay from us everywhere, even in cabbage sppes, and they still lacked them. Therefore, in the middle of the autonomy, our boats flooded to the ticket. They organized the point of the meeting in the Mediterranean Sea, the ships of the 5th squadron were surrounded by the enemy would not guess, and we surfaced. Waited, of course, float as manna. Cigarettes prepared in advance. They surfaced at night, warm, the whole horizon in the lights - this is a watchman. They came to the melbaz, began to boot. And the squadron, the teaching was planned with our participation, on sound binding. I planted in a row 5 cigarettes and green descending down. Mutit, but until the end of the autonomy cried. And the felling of me the flagship squadron is waiting for the teaching to instruct. And I'm not up to the briefing, to bed would be reached. I handed him the team and discarded him. Soon we finished the load, plunged and began to maneuver according to the plan, according to the teaching. And I knew all the doctrine in the bed, thanks to the foreman of the team did not let.
I do not know why, only from the autonomy we came immediately into a small blade. They attached, chosen with the command, the watch was put up and excluded steel, and they were released free at home. I'm not in shift and not on the watch, the lucky ones hit. Became the form to wear - does not climb. The nipper is still there - here, and the pants do not fasten the above-third buttons. So fastening, too much turned on his stomach and forth. And from a small blade to the big, from where the buses go, three kilometers and all the mountains. I moved with the landings of meters in a hundred, two hours before the big blade traveled. Then, from a week, the legs were hurt when walking, during this time and weight in the everyday service rhythm dropped, began to zasya.
HYDROLOGY
I did the second autonomy to the 671TM project (pike). Our task was to act in the designated area of \u200b\u200bthe Central Atlantic.
My watch in the central post, to Bius. And around Bius stands the chair of the commander, and he is having a sleeping back to me. Occasionally wakes up, the watch is centrally heoshit and reappeats again. The commander over his head hangs a recorder of a sound speed measurement station - i.e. Control hydrological cut, and he is in my institution. The search efficiency of our boat depend on hydrology to a very strong extent, so we produce control of hydrology at every opportunity. While the Barents and Norwegian sea went, there was no care. The recorder drew a classic stick, sometimes with the inflection - everything as in the book. And in the Greenland Sea we entered the limits of Gulf Stream, and here the recorder was whisked. Such doodles began to issue that no typing is somewhat. The recorder at the commander in front of the nose, so the conclusion immediately: "You have a faulty match!". I tried to explain that in this area the hydrology is such due to the mixing of the aqueous masses with a warm flow, without a result. It was necessary to switch to the coarse measurement mode, then the commander was satisfied. And I calmed down, and in vain. We observed an interesting phenomenon - a thin structure is called. With a thin structure of the environment, such changes in the conditions of energy propagation contributes that no forecast estimates are amenable. On the axis of the underwater audio channel, it is advantageously detected by noisy objects, and the shielding layer can exclude detection even in the near zone. But I later, in the Academy, I learned, and then only sweated from the questions of the commander. The phenomenon of the fine structure and now has little studied, and I did not hear about this in school. As it was to explain why the fishermen on George Islands we are almost two hundred miles hearing, and the transport found almost no on yourself.
I seriously took the phenomenon after the Academy, in the autonomy on the Komsomolets. He scored statistics, wrote an article (her later in the journal Rubin "published) and I still use this material. But I could have done before the conclusions before, if the recorder did not drive.
CAT
Our neighbor is on the landing, Boria Maksimov, served in Alkashevka. I heard this story from him.
Borine colleague was in the summer-mafed season to make repairs in the apartment. In the summer, in the face of men, they always make repairs - this is their wives, descending into warm edges: and the family and a man from bad thoughts does not fall. And for the company Borina colleague was left the cat. Here finished our hero with wallpaper, moved to the painting of the floor. So that washing subsequently not to be launched, undressed to panties and climbed with a brush under the heating battery. In such an atypical position, everything that the man usually has been hidden in shorts, as a rule, falls out. And at that time the cat was falling and came home. The door was not locked, the cat pushed her and entered, without closing the door for him. Some time was loved by heated bells, and then burst at the back and pushed them with his paw, he liked him, sterreets.
The owner from surprise heavily drove the battery, so that he was breaking his head about her edge and lost consciousness. The cat has become not interested, and he went to the kitchen. And at this time the friends came to the owner, the drinking was brought. For drinking, as you know, you need a company, and how it is more - the conversation is meaningful.
The door was ajar, friends entered and watch: the owner of the apartment with a broken head of his head under the battery, in the apartment there is no one, the door is open. What are the conclusions? Here are the very, about crime. I do not know how many friends were, but they crashed into two parties, one owner of the apartment began to endure on homemade, immediately simprovized, stretchers, the second, whether the attackers went to catch, or call the police with the police. From transportation actions, the victim woke up, and, without getting out of the stretcher, the history of injured was injured. Porters disassembled such a laughter that they were injured on the landing on the landing, and he broke his leg in the fall - this time actually.
For happiness, there is just the "ambulance" arrived, caused by the second parties, so that our hero was still in the hospital. The story is anecdotic, but actually stated by me in the abbreviated version, because Borin's reaction during the story was, of course, similarly outlined.
How brain did not divorce
You may have heard a story about how one officer worked with a solvent (acetone, gasoline ....). The work did not succeed, the spoiled solvent had to pour into the toilet to which, subsequently, the upset worker sat down, naturally, with a cigarette. The consequences are easily imagined. By the way, the knowledge of this joke helped me once, perhaps from a similar situation.
For ship practices, we, cadets, issued white canvas. Jeans at that time were entered into fashion, cost crazy money, and pants from the robes after washing in acetone solution and a small fit turned into beautiful jeans. In practice, I saved new pants and on vacation I decided to implement this plan. To begin with, I soaked them in acetone solution ... and forgot. When I remembered - Shameless Lochmas swam in the pelvis. Everything had to pour, but I was smart. It was not in the toilet, but outside the window, (we lived then in Lomonosov, on the street seaside, on the first floor).
I remembered this story in connection with the actual case that happened to my colleague, the managers of the semi-brain. When we were repaired in Severodvinsk, Seryozha found a girl. An ordinary case, but Seryozha decided to divorce from the holes and to marry. Moreover, the girl became pregnant, and there were no children's children. We came to face after repair - in brain divorces. Seryozha collects things, unnecessary burns in the titanium bathroom (such we had in the old residential foundation, where Serezhah lived). Actions naturally are made in excitation, because on the background of the scandal. And in such an excitement of Seryozha, I did not notice how to put a shirt with rifle cartridges in your pocket. Seryozha was a hunter.
The cartridges exploded. Serezhu was very fallen, the eyes did not suffer miracle. In general, against the background of this accident, the family has survived.
Safety technique
On the fleet with this case is really a problem. Twenty-sixth calendar year I have been serving a monthly one in the telegrams and bulletins about what is really familiar with the situation in which the personnel is once crushed. Right like God's Kara: the hostess can iron a whole life, from which sparks roll, the wire is naked and the plug hangs away - and nothing. But it is worth the sailor to take up the iron, hurt, with measurable regular insulation resistance, every day inspired by a responsible person - how he immediately kills the current. And what is interesting, if you believe in injury bulletins, such cases occur exclusively with razglids, which leve from the abnormal work to prepare for dismissal.
The ship's practice after the first course we passed on the cruiser "Murmansk". It was equipped and raised on a deck with poured mittens - interesting, the cruiser is still. At this time, the sailor who cleaned something from the paint at height falls out of chisel and, herself thirty meters, tightly nails to the wooden deck of the cruiser "GAD" (shoe) of Barlin's earrings. It in the head falls - I would like through. And so - in a boot, which, naturally, the size of two was more. So the chisel had to wear a shoe, and the leg almost did not suffer. The victim got off with a light fright. And the comrades this event caused a homeric laughter. It was funny to fools. And the fact that there was a gross infringement of safety, almost led to the tragedy - it did not occur to anyone. The sailor was not even punished.
In this practice, the cadet of Jura Perelman was with us. According to this nation of thoughtfulness, he once, rising from Kubrick on the deck, did not put the hatch cover on the stopper. The lid fell out. Gave Perelman on his pacate head. And when Yura has fed on the steps, the edge of the index finger is cut off the edge of the index finger, the main phalange of the index finger, which the soldier should press the trigger. There is no easy fright, there are serious injuries with all the ensuing consequences.
I recently met Yura in Peterhof. The case described helped him demobilize in the first wave of democratic contractions of the army, and for health state, i.e. With the 60th salary and lifelong benefits. And now he is a cool businessman. As they say, there would be no happiness, but misfortune helped.
A strip of traumatic misfortunes in the described case of the Barlin's earrings did not end. During his travel destination during the loading of the ammunition, the shield of the breakwater was cut off the hand at the technical crew sailor. The sailor, of course, the veasaged himself broke, but, on the other hand, there was no order. But, on the happiness of the commander, the victim was instructed and the painting of it in the appropriate place had.
Still, I remember, he killed a civil specialist on the ship. Working under the voltage of an uninsulated tool, it was attached to the fodder to the instrument cabinets behind the back. With difficulty it believed that two small dots on the indicated finger and the right buttock - the cause of the death of the blooming, two-meter growth of the guy.
The man, of course, the king of nature. But as you think, how much this king is defective and vulnerable, and compare it with a cockroach or bedbug - it becomes just a shame. For the king.
Deep water immersion
There were several of them in my service. But two were remembered - on K-1, my first submarine, and at the Komsomol resident.
As I mentioned, the service officer began at the 675 project, on this K-1 itself.
The boat was old, although a year before my arrival was overhauled with modernization. For boats of this class and generation of limit depth, there were 240 meters and test the body at this depth should have been carried out when the second course task was tool. I remember that the upcoming test did not seem to be nonsense even the veterans of the crew, which by the time the moment was updated by more than 50%. We, youth, the more scary. Especially oppressed the presence of a large number of ships - employees, it was thought that such serious preparations were not good. But they went to the point, descended down the watch, the hatch was treated - and silence. Neither commands nor signals. We sit on combat posts and do not know what is happening.
There was a last briefing of the commander - senior. Finally, the team: "Accept the main ballast, except the average." Play 675 - Kingston, i.e. To fill the tank, it was necessary to open kingstones at the bottom of the tank and ventilation valve in the top, for the airbag. Kingston and ventilation valves were made from the central post, manually, and was a very difficult operation, since it demanded from a trumpeted big skill. Depending on the qualification, the trumpeted can immediately fail the boat on the prosecution depth, and could, taking into tanks by portions, put it on the specified horizon of mongonko, as in the palms. Our foreman of the team of the trumpets (unfortunately, forgot his surname) in his business was AU. According to the expression, he served as much as everyone doesn't live on one ship. In general, in those years - the seventies - many fossil Michmanov served on the ships, even participants in the war met. Such mammoths, especially the boots and trummers - commanders cherished and holly, dragged behind them during translations and rely on mom. So, our foreman is a ternary, was from such.
Assecting the topic, I will say that the mammoths are left on the fleet. Mammoths - they were not fools. Consciously money earned. Other Mammont received more commander, but also served not for fear, but for conscience. In addition to money, in the era of total deficit, Mammoth had all kinds of benefits, in the form of a car, headset, female boots and other things - immediately after political outlets. In the 88th, when I was translated, only two categories of servicemen traveled in our division in our division: a political and old Michman. The headquarters and commanders moved in foot. As, however, and now. Only the political waste no longer, the teachers of the deficits do not distribute, the old Michmans fled. On machines, pumped milk pumps are now driving and are liming to the flooded submariners, dusting in foot. On times, about the moral.
But they took the ballast to the tanks, looked at the periscopt depth. The moment of diving under the periscope is connected to me. It was always sweet - a terrible feeling, something like an orgasm, when the lumps rolling through the entire spine from the neck to the tailbone. When immersed, the boat body makes a slightly audible sound that can be called the right one. At first, the sharp blow - the water dropped into the tanks, then something like "U-U--U-U-U" and it seems that it seems to be a long time and in consciousness, which considers meters to the soil, and the lumps on the spine rolled, rolled down ... But again the blow (the ventilation valve closed) and the command: "The depth of the periscope. View out in the compartments. " And everything - kicked.
My place is in the cutting of acoustics, the task is to maintain a sound binding with the provider. The boat is immersed on the rugs, slowly, inspecting in compartments every 10 meters. Up to 150 meters, the immersion went fine, deeper - the flow valve comparing pressure on the rescue hatch of the 1st compartment. For 100 meters - water filtering began on the seal seal seals of the RLC retractable device. But these are little things that are not frightened.
These little things disgregted me later, in the autonomy, when the drip flow to the hatch valve, accumulating under the trim of the subwater, turned around a bucket of water, which suddenly fluttered on cable runs of the hydroacoustic complex, and brought it out of construction for several days. Formally, these days, while I eliminated a malfunction, the boat was without an eye and the ears and was subject to return to the database, and the immediate perpetrators - before the author of these lines inclusive - strictest punishment. But - they were hushed up, even with an individual hid.
In the meantime, I rejoiced like a young puppy, my first immersion. While differentiated on the working depth, we, young, despite the ranks, was relied on baptism.
Breasting old-starring sailors - nodes, including us, lieutenants. It was the baptism in drinking seafrock from a slab, removed from one of the lamps in the first compartment. Nobody was offended by the disorder, because the actual law was recognized by our officer law to command them. I stoically defeated my plander, water, I remember, was rather bitter than salty and drove, contrary to expectations, without disgust. In any case, this first dive remembered me as much joy. Joy - sincerely, and in the compartments and in the central post. Then on the conduction deck of the second compartment, the sailors pulled a thread that burst from the release of the body when the floodbar.
Flap already boldly. Thanks to the provisions, the situation on the surface was known, and therefore it was blocked by meters for twenty, imitating emergency float. Again the blow, whistling air in tanks and everything, upstairs. After that, I truly felt myself by a submariner.
On the K-276 - the famous "Komsomol" - the threads in the aisles did not mean sense. The reaction of the crimping housing was obvious - the housing after 300 meters began to crackle so that, it seemed, so it would not stand. Especially well listened to the crimping of the case in the second - residential compartment. On the first deck of the second compartment there was a cabin company of officers and shower. Here from the shower, this freezing crash was especially well audible. As I know. The maximum depth that "Komsomolets" reached (in his life cycle of course) is a depth of 1020 meters. It's without me, I will not lie.
E.V.Kutuzov in the 2nd compartment of the Komsomol Center But I was then on a submarine, which is a deep-water immersion provided. The tests were carried out in the Norwegian Sea, we ourselves were at a depth of 400 meters and maintained a hydroacoustic connection with the Komsomol Center.
I participated in the immersion on the working depth of 800 meters. In 1986-87, I went to this plan for combat service as an officer headquarters.
Photo from the book "Secrets of the Underwater Catastrophe", K. Morumul stand from left to right: Lieutenant Captain Evgeny Dyritsa, Sobil; The captain of the 2nd rank Oleg Gushchin - commander of the BCH 5; The captain of the 2nd rank of Evgeny Kutuzov is the flagship specialist of the division; The captain of the 2nd rank Victor Kroadikov - Senior Assistant Commander; Senior Researcher of the 1st Research Center MO Sergey Korzh Sit: Deputy Chief Designer of Submarine Alexander Stebunov; Captain 1st Rank Alexander Bogatyrev - Deputy Commander of the Division; Captain 1st Rank Yuri Zelensky - submarine commander; The captain of the 2nd rank of Vasily Kondryukov - Deputy Commander for Politchasts In addition to typical boat class, tasks faced by us and such - to experience the work of systems and mechanisms during long-term swimming at the working depth. Naturally, the provisions and rescuers were not envisaged, it was about the staff of the activity of the PL. However, we are, of course, improved as they could. Once again, everyone was checked, immersed with a minimum differential, restrained the boat every 100 meters for inspecting compartments. In general, the music is long, for four hours, the personnel, naturally, at the posts - by combat alarm. At first it was terrible, because it happens that - no one will help. Then he was tired of afraid, people slowly pulled away from posts, some of the charges in the cabins - there is no benefit of control. I merged on the working depth - my business was passenger, I was fulfilled my task in bed. Since the entire dive period, I spent in the central post, I did not hear the surfing soul, and in the future we were accustomed to this that they did not pay attention.
Other, Pillers at the inclined ladder (hollow titanium pipe thickness in a good brand) between the first and residential deck of the second compartment as a result of the enclosure of the case acquired a complex shape like the letter "s". And in the upper gap formed by the scratching cabin and the curved pillers, he looked at the ankle naked leg with a serenely sleeping on the upper bed of Lieutenant - Nuturman. When float, especially emergency, this foot would be flattened between the bulkhead and the pillers.
In the future, Osmeleyev, we boldly immersed on the working depth (800 m), not even increasing readiness, and every time the bulkhead and pillers were also deformed, but restored without consequences at the depth of 400-500. Nuturovenok also continued to sleep on his bed, if the dive was not on his watch, but in order to avoid injury, got another pillow and kept her in his feet, closing a dangerous corner.
Paperhouse on K-278 (Komsomolets). It is E.V. Kutuzov FORCE MAJEURE
Translated, I do not know what kind of "irresistible force" means. Sailors are essentially superstitious and recognize the objective existence of "force majeure". In one way or another, this topic concerned all writers - marinists: Sobolev, close, sausage. Even in official documents, the objective existence of this phenomenon is recognized. For example, in the act of the State Commission on the causes of the death of the Komsomolets. Listing more than 100 pages impact emergency factors, the authors come to the conclusion that it was the chain reaction of their occurrence and was not provided for by the designers, i.e. There was exactly the most force majeure.
In my service fate, force majeure had such a fatal meaning, but manifested repeatedly.
Fresh-built submarine K-502 is the factory running tests in the White Sea. The purpose of the SKH is to check that the PL is able to float in the surface and underwater position. Our boat successfully proven this and we follow the base at the database. Overboard Summer White Sea night, the visibility is complete, the sea is a pole. On board together with factory workers, two crews, respectively, two commander: the captain of the plant and our commander. It is known that the division of responsibility gives rise to irresponsibility, so our commander sues in the cabin company, handing over the management of the ship by us: the Watchman Edika Martikinson, the Watch Officer of BIP - to me, and the Wakten Naviganman Igor Fedorov. Igor in the cut, and I and Odik on the bridge and are busy with the usual fleet.
At the bridge of the plan "Wolf" 971 projects. White Sea. Left E.V. Kutuzov 2 miles on the right side parallel with us the course follows the "fisherman", which also goes to the base and therefore there is quite understandable fun on his board. All the portholes will be glow, and sometimes even music from the reproductors on his masts (do not be surprised, I have already mentioned that in the sea other than on land, sound distribution conditions). I, as a Watch Officer, BIP, is responsible for security from collisions, and therefore I have already identified and recorded the fisherman's motion parameters and at the intervals between the track look at its maneuvers, but there is no danger. The left side, illuminated by the portholes, is visible to the whole, the red onboard fire is clearly visible. It dulls vigilance and hardly leads to tragic consequences.
Suddenly, we just notice that the configuration of the lights changed, the red fire became brighter, clearly visible nasal and top. "Fisherman" has changed the course and the full run of rushing on us. There is no accountessing that having an interference to the right should give way to the road. Edik commands the reverse turbine, I go down on the handrails down the vertical lastta in the central, where my place at the piercing tablet, the boat squeezes in braking, the commander, feeling the reverse, the bullet flies upstairs. He does not leave the bridge anymore, and I and Odik, mercilessly rejected, BDY dogs on the watch. Satisfied "Fisherman", sparkling by the portholes and stunning us by Pugacheva from the reproductors, flies on our nose so close that if desired, it was possible to light up a stone in the Lob of the Rodochek - steering.
Odik and I received a rewarded deservedly, for the admonition of the Watch. Relax in the sea will not allow. However, in the event of a collision, arbitration would justify us, because the dangerous maneuver of the trawler was not an accident, but intent. The trawler watched us as clear as we are. By increasing the course, according to the international rules of shipping, it became "overtaking" and therefore carried all responsibility for the consequences of the maneuver.
There is a long time between fishermen and submariners. The uninitiated person believes that in the sea it is necessary to swim from the shore to the shore and from the point "A" to the point "B" follow the shortest way. In fact, combat ships, including submarines, transitions are carried out only on assigned routes and tasks are exercised in the specified polygons. But fishermen will obey non-military, but commercial laws, i.e. Fish migration laws. Therefore, our paths often intersect, which creates not only mutual interference, but often leads to material losses. Especially in the period of autumn Putin, in October-November, when fishermen flocks are dragging their trawls, as for the purpose, in our polygons, and submarines, as for an evil intent of operational management, the annual plan for glorulating and shooting are closed. Under these conditions, the collisions and boats in the trawl occur. In this case, our brother - the submariner is usually separated by stress and disciplinary recovery, the fisherman also feels a hefty hole in his pocket. The trawl is very expensive, and the main thing is accustomed to the most expensive time. I heard about many cases hitting the trawl, but we have never been talking about damages.
I remember that in the year 86 we worked out the dishtage on dispersal on the spare point of the basing. As the latter, one of the lips is appointed east of the terberka, by anyone who has been constantly undertaken, a long-abandoned base, in which two piers are preserved from the entire navigation equipment, and those who were moored in the teaching of force. In the midst of our teaching, in which only dispersal was actual, and all other actions were designated, the trawler asked to the repair of torn networks. After long negotiations, our admiral allowed him sucks until the morning, and at the appointed time, despite the prayers not completed the repair of "Fisherman", he was expelled from the base. Perhaps this case also lay down in the piggy bank of mutual dislike. One of the manifestations that I consider the previously mentioned case of dangerous maneuvering.
The next case of the manifestation of force majeure in its pure form. At the end of October 1986, I, the freshly baked flagship specialist, first went out into the sea at the project plan 705 (Lira).
These submarines were very small - only 3.5 thousand tons have had a reactor on a liquid metal coolant, the crew is only 35 people (mainly officers) and highly automated management of systems and mechanisms. They were built at one time, there were only 6 buildings enrolled in a separate division, the headquarters were appointed after the Academy. Thanks to HMT - the boat coolant of this project was very high-speed and maneuverable, but small displacement limited their surface seed. For controllability, in the surface position, these places were forced to fill the CGB feed group, i.e. Have a small trick for feed.
On the Barents Sea October - November is the very storm time, the transition appointed us the overtakers so that the screws did not jump out of the water, the commander was impressed under the hatch. The watch on the bridge, escaping from the dyeing waves, the visual observation was led periodically. Translated into a normal language, it means that the commander with a driver officer was hiding under the visor of the bridge, occasionally sticking out from under it for inspecting the horizon.
My place in the central post, I had to monitor the actions of the RLS and GAS operators. However, there was not much sense from such a control, because the RLS screen was completely lined with reflections from waves and atmospheric interference. In addition, with a differential characteristic of the radar pattern (so called the speculative vertical area, within which the radiated radiopal radiosole radios are spread) as it should be up and shredding the waves. However, our navigator was at the height and led the ship exactly along the Axis of the FVK (Farvatra). To meet our boat, too, exactly along the axis of the FVK, was a boat from the sea to the base. And not just a boat, but a strategic underwater cruiser, such a magnitude that our 705 project could be safely placed on its nasal superstructure. "Strategies" observed us, but as a small-sized goal, such a trifle that is not worth a chich. So Newfoundland looks at the dachum. The collision was inevitable and it happened.
You ask what force majeure is. In accuracy of shipments along the PVK axis.
In another case, force majeure was generated by inorganized on one side and illiterate maneuvering on the other.
We went to the task of L-3 (shooting practical torpedoes) at the good fault tradition at the end of November, at the very storm time. Submarine - Baby 705 project. Commander - Bulgakov Vladimir Tikhonovich, a person is not very pleasant in communication (simply speaking, Samodor), I am as an officer headquarters. With Bulgakov, I used to be stretched relationships, so I went to the sea without much hunting and with the commander supported a purely service relationship, without needed in the central post.
The combat exercise that we had to fulfill, was as follows: a detachment of specially appointed our ships, usually it was the cruiser "Murmansk" and 2-3 destroyers, guardianship or small antique ships, was supposed to pass the appointed route, imitating aircraft carrier in security. On the route of its movement, the areas of the actions of specially collected submarines were cut, each of which was set by the task of the aircraft carrier to attack practical torpedoes. The hobs ships, in turn, are irresistible on the designated sectors, constantly operated by active hydrocators, so that the attack of the submarine to disrupt, and in the case of its detection - to apply their own practical weapons.
The solution to such a task is the main appointment of submarines of our project, we were constantly worked out on the simulators. Sea stage - climax of preparation. This time, everything from the very beginning went awry. One of the IPC is fleeing with a diesel engine literally after leaving the base. The second imitated elaboration in several districts, while he did not fail the hydrolycator and the IPC, blind and deaf, cheaned directly through the polygons, waving his hand to the anti-submarine zigzag and the movement schedule along the route.
This was how the conditions for the very black fox were created - as calling such a situation of A.Pokrovsky - or force majeure in my terminology. My commander who considered himself asce depths, decided to quiet to find out the situation without announcing combat alarms. I did not know about it and, not wanting to communicate with the commander without needed, was in the cabin, because reasonably believed that before the start of the exercise, half an hour and anxiety would be announced in a timely manner.
It is necessary to tell you that the same diesel engines are put on the IPC as on fishing trawlers, and therefore they are equally no longer. The hydrolyator, as I mentioned, did not work, and therefore acoustics, finding the IPC, classifies it as a fishing trawler (RT). The attack of the Republic of Tajikistan was not included in our plans, and therefore the commander Manevur led him to the feed course angles (in other words, turned away, so as not to interfere, which is a gross violation of snorkeling practices). IPC on threatening danger from the depth did not suspect, and therefore at the good move sat on the "count", i.e. Our periscope proportion to him belly, and so it is thorough that IPC with a fright gave SOS. Thank God, it did not reach the victims, but everyone received his own. In particular, I was warned about incomplete service compliance, strictly speaking, only for the fact of the presence on board, but for myself I concluded: that it should not be transferred to personal hostility to the area of \u200b\u200bservice relations.
Complete quote: "There is no accident justified and inevitable. The emergency and conditions of its occurrence create people with their illiteracy and irresponsibility "(S.G. Gorshkov).
I brought only three examples of personal practice. The benevolent and critical reader, if desired, will find analogs not only in the area of \u200b\u200bnavigation. In general, an adventure seeker in the final result finds them. Do not look for adventures! They themselves will find you.
RADIATION SAFETY
The points of the basing of our atoms are divided into the "zone of the RB regime" and the "strict regime zone". The RB zone is the coastal part, the "strict regime zone" (ZSR) - a pier with waterfield ships. Passage on the pier - through the post of radiation control (PC). The disciplined submariner in the RB zone is visited by the SanPropuscan, where instead, and more often on top of the uniforms, a special costume from the unknown material "represent" (light industry is unknown), and in this costume and in special shoes through the PPC follows the pier to the native ship by Corridors of the SanPropuscar of the posters, where he, this very submariner, is drawn in a newly newest costume of the Republic of Belarus, with a white collar.
In fact, our brother - a submariner in RB-Shka, Rvana Vodnik, broken shoes, Mactered in all unthinkable places looks like a collective cattle chatter next to him - London Dandy.
Back from the Pierce Pier, the submarine should be through the installation of a doster-controlling on the PPC, which is served by a scoundrel - a dosimetrist. Scoundrel because coastal; Because the Republic of Belarus on it is new, because it is messed up with the help of its installation above the submariner, as he wants. Scoundrel, because a scoundrel, and if his seal installation fighters and szing, he has the last RB of RB (and the Republic of Belarus is issued once a year, and not a month) at the same time with uniform uniforms, on top of which you are RB, send to Souls, and even on his report on the contamination on the ship instead of the departure - the avral tidy. That's why he is scounded.
But, fortunately, he is lazy. After all, the scoundrel, in the case of pollution, too, began to move. Therefore, in the worst case, it is a report on the violation of you by the RB regime. For example, you did not postpone. And the radiation safety service is closed directly on the commander. The commander removes the tolerance - and run after, give up the standings, and you are not allowed to the ship. Who knows - he will understand me. And it is obliged to obey these dirty rules of radiation safety - from the commander to the most recent civilian specialist. But if this civilian specialist is a female, in a mini skirt and on the hairpins and in the zone of a special regime, on the pier then you mean, it should only be transferred to the ship of some kind of thing, here the last scoundrel - a dosimetritist will not raise a hand to delay Such a specialist in the passage of the PC. But back ...
Here I am for clarity pictures before proceeding to the presentation. Must give the last comment. The fact is that Russian, Ukrainians and Belarusians serve as sailors on ships, in the prom protection - stupid and decisive medium-media. But in the Radiation Security Service (WachTa PRC) is extremely sexually concerned, but fundamental representatives of Caucasian nationalities. Pick up them so specifically. Not for sexuality, of course. For principle.
So, the specialist described by me was to me for the ship to transfer some piece of paper. The Watched CPC of her on the Pier was missingly missed, but at the output acted strictly according to the instructions. I missed the girl through the installation of a doster-controlling, which previously set the thresholds of the response below all reasonable norms, and when this installation rang and zamigala - led a frightened specialist for decontamination. Deactivation means: clothes in the stove, carrier under the shower. Yes, the gallant cavalier in deactivation to the girl helped. She wrote about this with indignation in the complaint commander. The commander of the crime in the actions of the watch sailor did not find and conveyed a complaint for consideration by the head of the CRH. He naturally heard both sides and took the explanatory, where there was a juicy paragraph: "After removing the sweater, I washed her back and other places ...". Explanatory in copies went hand, the girl was deprived of admission to the Republic of Belarus, the sailor for halanery was transferred to the pigsty.
Morality. With radiation safety regime do not joke.
Pinar
Who visited in Western face, he knows that a pigsty is located in half endrage to a larger shovel. Maintain pigs, naturally, sailors, and feed them (pigs, not sailors) the same hindrances that give a submariner on a galley. Submarine These cans, as a rule, do not eat, and if either eating, then by 30 years earn gastritis and ulcers. So the pigs are crushing from the nest. Where meat goes, I don't know, I will not lie. Salo with a bristle in the soup lavied, and meat - no, did not see. But the command was clarity with pigs. But with sailors, it can be seen. In the sense of subordination. Whether they treated the MTO, or to the military state farm. Maybe who knew. But not sailors. They generally stood on the ship's states and were listed on schedules with electricians and trumpets. Their, hearty, in the most deaf villages were caught with the four-five classes of education and due to the complete unsuitability of the naval sciences were determined to the pigsty to a familiar business. The uniforms, however, were issued: Cooked, Rob, boots and a jetty.
One such swine in my fleet was announced once, bypassing all the checkpoint, right in the MTO (department of material technical supply) to ask the boots and the charter. Old, they say, completely prouded. She became a clerical producer to look for him on Vedomosti and Obomlla - the sailor this is half a year as a stock should be dismissed, but his bosses forgot. And he, cordial, did not know who to turn to.
The scandal turned out loud. The sailor quickly issued a superiorist and demobilized, the boss was found and the order was punished. And we, listening to the order, wondered: "Did you gave the sailor - a superior corter or not? After all, it is put. "
How I wore tea Marshal Savitsky
In the 1980s, a new identification system was introduced everywhere in the USSR. Sailors - the defendants of the system of their own - someone else's in the case of war are established on all vessels, ships, aircraft of civil and military, posts, airfields, etc. The old system was reliable in the technical sense, but non-limit-resistant, i.e. allowed false identification. And during the Afghan War, our Pakistani helicopter was shot down with the American defendant, from which the "know-how" was muted. So we developed a new system and implement it instructed Marshal Savitskom - dad of the cosmonaut. Savitsky grandfather in the reserve of the Minister of Defense preceded, and therefore the case was responsible. He himself studied the technique and the organization of its use, and then sat down into the plane and personally, by piloting, flew through the fleet to teach the RTSovtsev input of keys and codes. Started from the Northern Fleet. We, the flagship specialists of the RTS from all over the fleet gathered in the conference hall of the fleet's headquarters for Marshal lessons. The first row occupied admirals, the second - Capraza. And so on, to the little things in the level of division and brigades. On the break, everyone rushed to Galun and smoking, and Admirals were surrounded by Marshal and led to treat commander tea. We, experienced staff officers, cut out that the break would delay, and did not hurry. But Marshal was driving - i.e. Behind the helm, from the commander tea refused and continued his classes on time. So someone, including me, was outside the door.
The case smelled of recovery, but, on my happiness, the adjutant of the fleet commander based on the commander's tea fell out with usual and also came running with a tray when the hall of the hall closed. The rest of the disasters were hidden on the slits and I had an adjutant of the commander with a tray. And then I was painted. I took a tray from the adjutant with a kettle and a glass and boldly went to the Table of Marshal. Admirals were angry with their eyes and sided something in a trail, but I, as if it was necessary, I put a tray of Marshal with the words: "Your tea, Comrade Marshal." Turned and went to his place.
My direct chief, the flagship flotilla of Ibrahimov E.I., on the way back he admitted that I was decided not to punish - for arrogance and resourcefulness.
About "Komsomolets"
As an officer of the headquarters of the 6 division of submarines, I argue: "In the fighting composition of the Northern Fleet, there was never a submarine with such a name. "Komsomolets" became the Komsomol meeting after April 7, 1989. "
Plan of project 685 "K-278" ("Komsomolets"), the end of 1988 (died in April 1989) Here is how it was. In the fall, Vanina's wife was appointed a new dam. I do not know my last name, and I do not want him, scoundrel, know. The deputy was after the Political Academy from the "Disabled". There are on the fleet, like everywhere, such people who, instead of two - three hands, are one hairy. It can be seen, a hairy hand walked to him: "Allowers, they say, a year on a unique boat, bring the crew to excellent (help, mol). For the autonomy of the orders you will get, then I will transfer to the politicalotel, etc. ". Here is a zamule and began to dig, a stranger then earn an order. And the social resource organized for a nominal boat. Like, if the autonomy passes successfully, we will call us "Komsomol" (and about ourselves - the Order will give me). But the crew did not accept him, before the autonomy there was a meeting and unanimously refused in trust. Therefore, as a matter of urgency, the guy was appointed from the technical package, which before that was on the trash, or he served on the tank, and to support his pants Burlakov, the boss of the division politicalotel, had to go. And both, as you know. And when the boat was drowned, the politicality remembered that she was promised to "Komsomol", so they used this name specifically for the press.
In 1986, the Atlantic burned out and drowned the "K-219" plan, but it was still before the era of publicity, it was not necessary to report about it in the press, otherwise they would also be called some "parties".
The author with the daughter of Marina, St. Petersburg, 2011 years. The city of Kaliningrad, where I and Vasya Demenok arrived in the sunny August morning, met us with the breath of the near sea, the greens of parks and squares, the ruins of buildings reminiscent of the past war. In the first half of the day we have safely reached the headquarters of the rear of the Baltic Fleet, where the door of the office of the personnel of the Fleet Medical Service already stood waiting for the call of my former classmates. We, designed for military service, was 13 people. Here are their names: Gorodetsky V.D., Demenok V.V., Ivanov B.K., Karpikov V.I., Kiselev V.V., Kopytov D.D., Makarov E.I., Nekrasov Yu.V ., Ostrovsky P.A., Panin E.P., Sukhorukov V.S., Chetverikov P.V. From this composition only six people, served the last three-year term, then remain in the personnel composition of the Navy, and seven people will not be able to get used to the service and go to look for their happiness on the "citizen". But now no one knows what awaits us ahead, we are standing at the door of the Cabinet, in which our fate is solved. Especially impatient personality rushes into battle, seeking to play ahead and snatch a happy ticket. They are in turn, one by one, disappear in the depths of the office, and then come out from there, who is happy who is a little upset. We are not in a hurry and waiting for us, while the queue disperses. Finally, we stay together in that long corridor. Vasya does not stand and asks to skip it forward. I am inferior. After 10 minutes, he comes out of the office and informs me that he was sent to serve in maritime aviation. It has come and my turn to receive an appointment. I enter the office. At the table sits the elderly gray-haired officer in the rank of lieutenant colonel. His surname Maricev. He greet me, offers to sit down and drawn with the question he is already probably asked to all my comrades:
Where would you wish to go to serve?
I, remembering the assurances and promises of the officer of the Naval Department of the Institute of Colonel Filimonova M.Ya., cheerfully answer:
I want to serve in the sea aviation.
Unfortunately, there were no vacant posts in the sea aviation. I got acquainted with your personal work and believe that you are worthy of serving on a submarine.
Frankly, I have long set up myself for maritime aviation, but I didn't even think about submarines, I didn't even think about it.
I want to assure you that the boat service is very promising. You will also thank the gray lieutenant colonel for this distribution. From submarines you can go to the medicinal work in the hospital. Service in naval aviation, on the contrary, has many negative sides. There are many all kinds of dead end, I would not advise you to strive there. Listen to me. I wish you only goodness. Well, how?
I agree.
That's good. Solved.
And where should I go to serve?
You will have to serve in Liepaja or Paldiski. Where do you want?
And where you can quickly get housing, because I am a family man.
Of course in Paldiski. There you will receive an apartment immediately upon arrival.
So I will go to Paldisk.
You made the right choice. Congratulations on your appointment. You have repeatedly remember the lieutenant colonel Mariceichi goodwalk.
In a state of light euphoria, I left the office and told the comrades about my distribution. No one congratulates me, everyone was concerned about their own appointments.
At the departure to the place of service had to wait a few more days. It was necessary to get a douse certificate, dressed in a military uniform. All this lasted quite slowly. All these days I spent in the house of my Institution Comrade Zhenya Panin, who was indigenous Kaliningrad. Zhenya was directed to the passage of service to the city of Baltiysk, closer to the native house. His parents himself was quite satisfied with his parents. My comrade's father was a military, a participant in the war, the surgeon. But at the moment, he was already in stock, he had a lot of free time, and he wondered him, giving preference to fishing. We went several times to catch fish on the lakes that were literally near the house. My Zhenya and I were caught fish on the fishing rod, and Peter Vasilyevich - to Spinning. The catch every time was not bad. In the evenings, after a cup of tea, we have made sophisticated conversations about life, about the service and our profession. My comrade's father told a lot of interesting things, he had a military biography of a rich event. Zhenya and I stood on the verge of military service, so much of the stories of the military surgeon seemed to us not only curious, but also useful. So the first week of my service was held.
Our expectation could not continue indefinitely. On August 8, we were awarded the prescriptions in which the military units were indicated in which we had to serve as a date of arrival at the destination. To serve in the Estonian city of Paldiski, I had to be together with Borea Ivanov. From Kaliningrad to Tallinn, we flew by the plane, and then, to Paldisk, trained by the train. We arrived again. On the perrone of the Paldiski railway station, women who served our documents and pointed out the road to the part. The surrounding landscape did not please us, since everything around was dark, I hopelessly and resembled the desert. Getting in the darkness to the gearbox of the part, we tried to see at least some attributes of urban civilization, but did not find anything. The suspicion was sought to the soul that we were "slept" into something bad. The team on the brigade checked our documents and identified us for overnight in one of the officers of the coastal barracks. Saying goodbye to us, he warned that tomorrow morning we will have to submit to the commander of the submarine brigade. The next morning, waking up and putting myself in order, and I went to report on our arrival to the service of the captain of the 1st rank E.V. Butzov, the Commander of the Connection. Going to his office, we have reported on our arrival and appointment. Combrig, judging by his expression of the face, remained dissatisfied with our reports. As we tried, it did not work out in the military. Skills acquired at the military department turned out to be not enough. Having made several comments in the form of our reports, Evgeny Vasilyevich sent the fire of his criticism to our wedding rings, stating that their wearing is incompatible with the military form of clothing that there are orders and directives in which everything is said about this.
I am also married, and I also love my wife, but I don't wear a wedding ring on your finger, but in a purse.
After these words, the Combrig pulled out a graceful leather wallet from his inside pocket, removed from there the golden ring and showed it to us. Then he ordered.
Remove your rings and hide somewhere away. Here you are not a "citizen", here military service. And in the service you need to fulfill statutes and orders.
We silently obeyed, though, in the depths of the soul, they did not agree with the Combrig, charters and orders. All this greatly brushed into arbitrariness, violence against personality. But there was nowhere to go - it came to serve, then it is necessary to change their former habits and rules of behavior.
The conversation with the connection commander continued for a few more minutes. In the course, it turned out that we would serve on repaired boats, of which one is in Tallinn, and the other is in Riga, so we will be held in Paldiska for a while. Regarding our housing, Butuzov promised to resolve the issue positively, but added that, at first, they would have to live in a seal (two families in the same apartment).
The housing fund of our brigade is not so big, - continued the Combrig, - many families are in line to improve their apartment conditions. Among the officers and Michemans there are deserved people whose problems we will consider first. And you are here people new, so take what you are offered. When you manifest yourself from a good side, then maybe we will think about your landscaping.
During our conversation with the Combrig, the head of the political waste captain of the 1st rank Linda and the flagship physician of the Lieutenant Colonel M / s N.V. Skvorov was present in his office. They, as well as we, with Borey, stood before the head of the cheese, "ate with his eyes", occasionally giveaway in the theme of the exclamations "so exactly!" The appearance of them was both raised. Evgeny Vasilyevich Butuzov was a formidable community. A little later I will tell you about him. In the meantime, I'm getting ready for departure to Ivanov. I am going to the city of Tallinn for the passage of service on the submarine "C-297". Bore will have a longer road, his boat "C-295" stands on repairs in the village Ust-Dvinsk, under Riga. I feel that we break up for a long time. The average factory repairs, as we have reported knowledgeing people, the event is very long in time, for the year it is possible not to manage. The only joy that in the sea is not going to walk for some time. There is a chance to smoothly get into military service, in the shore to get used to a new lifestyle, is definitely more convenient than among the raging waves. Still fresh memories of the events of the annual limitations associated with ship internship on the trash. The prospect of a meeting with the marine element, is understandable, my delight does not cause. My marine qualities are far from perfect, I already know it - passed. It is said that under water does not pump at all. It's good. But in the outdate position, these ships, as the experienced sailors told me, overcome huge distances. So you have to, apparently, experience, more than once, the possibility of its vestibular apparatus. We will endure. No road road. Since I challenged my fate, you will have to break myself in all directions.
Another 2 days we "sticky" in Paldisk. During this time, we managed to get the keys from our apartments and find our accommodation on one of the few streets of a small town. What a fool died to call this zone for barbed wire the city? The city here and does not smell. The only attraction of Paldisk was the building of the training center for the preparation of the crews of nuclear submarines, in the people, it was called "Pentagon". The house in which we gained your refuge was located on Sadama Street. We were provided on the room in 3-bedroom apartments, located in different entrances. 2 rooms in our apartments occupied Michmanov's family. Our rooms had a small area (12 square meters) and were located next to the kitchens. We are with Borea, however, not too upset after exploring the terms of our future stay. We have never had our own angle, but now it happened. Now we have our own accommodation!
On August 12, 1969, having arrived in the city of Tallinn, I fairly easily found the plant on which the submarine "C-297" was repaired. He introduced himself as a commander about his arrival for further service. And the service began.
For conscripts in the army there are both general requirements, for example, the lack of serious diseases, disability and other obviously interfering ailments and special. The latter includes the physical data of the future soldier, on which it depends on the hit to one or another.
Closer to the sky
The physical data is crucial for selection into elite units, primarily in airborne troops. In Soviet times, in addition to the Bogatar Health, the conscript for admission to the army elite was to pull up 20 times, to join at least 50, as well as run the marathon distances.
Nowadays, little has changed. Physical development, the lack of diseases is, of course. To get into paratroopers can be those whose growth ranges from 175 to 190 centimeters, and the weight is in the range from 75 to 85 kilograms. Roughly speaking, the paratrooper should not be lower than the average growth and approximately equal to the average male complex. Too high, and also weighing more than 85 kilograms are not entirely suitable for parachute jumps.
At the same time, the chances of getting into the Airborne Forces had an influence of harmful habits. Addiction to alcohol, smoking - all this was a "black mark" for wanting to serve in the "desantura", because they are contraindicated heavy loads, and they are in the Airborne Forces at each step.
Marines
Like paratroopers, marines - elite army parts. The conscript had good chances to get into this type of troops in the presence of growth from 175 centimeters, weight of about 80 kilograms, as well as the lack of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, mental and other ailments.
He strongly raised the chances of service in the sea. The presence of sports discharges: appreciated, besides others, athletes-athletes. Due to the endurance, dexterity and flexibility, they surpassed their colleagues and were usually sent by command to the most dangerous areas.
Small and agile
Low and compact soldiers, who at the same time have a sharpness of vision not lower than 0.5, had more chances for hitting tank troops. As with any other service person, they have a minimum plank in growth - 150 centimeters with weight of at least 44 kilograms. The top plank in the growth for tankers - 170-175 centimeters.
Compact conscripts are preferable for service in a tank because there is very little space in a combat vehicle. The soldier must be clever and prompt, do not experience difficulties when moving in tightness. The man of a large complex, is understandable, not suitable for these requirements.
Did not get into the tank - welcome to the submarine
Low and compact is open to the underwater fleet. At the same time, at present, in the Russian army, the service on submarines take place exclusively contracting officers and personnel officers.
Those who wish to serve on the submarine from Soviet times were determined by the average growth of the group. For this, each candidate was measured, calculated the median growth of the group, and then cut off all those who are above average. Those who lower were credited to the service.
The fact is that in the submarine narrow aisles and low ceilings. High people will be difficult to move along the vessel compartments and constantly not bend in compact cabins.
On the submarine, the way ordered by a serviceman with claustrophobia - fear of a closed space. Sailors may remain within a submarine, so strong psychological stability and moral readiness to live in extremely cramped conditions is a prerequisite.
By the way, the growth and weight affect the possibility of getting into air force. For pilots, 165 centimeters is ideal. It is proved that thin and low easier tolerate loads in jet aircraft due to higher body density.
The military enlistment office will help
Conscripts who have the rights to control the transport means of category "B" and "C" had chances to serve the entire term for the ram. To obtain driver's license, the military registration and enlistment office directed a conscript for training in the society for the promotion of the army, aviation and the fleet - DOSAAF.
In 2015, in addition to training drivers, society began to prepare those who want to serve in airborne troops. Conscripts were prepared at the course of a young fighter - only 200 hours of combustive training, as well as several parachute jumps. Thus, their chances of passing service in the Airborne Forces increased dramatically.
"It's time to recognize all the crews of submarines by special risk by divisions, having gone their members worthy of social guarantees. We should finally realize that we live in the Great Sea Power. Great even in the grandeur of his nautical catastrophe, not to mention its indisputable great achievements ... Today, every Russian is simply obliged to know the names of its underwater asces, pioneers and martyrs ... "
Counter-Admiral Resignation of Pins A. T.
I still have failed to meet in the media a description of living conditions and service on submarines. Those who are not connected with this, no idea about the life of submariners, and some envy them to "salaries".
The definition of "extremal" can be safely attributed to almost all submariners. Service on a submarine in the royal fleet, in the first Russian boats, especially during the Great Patriotic War, and today, all the same, this service is in extreme conditions. Stresses were constantly. And not only were, but there are and will be.
In the 60-70s, a lot of Diesel PIs of Projects 615, 613 or 641 of different modifications was in the composition of the Navy and almost with the same living conditions. When I read that at American diesel submarines, air conditioners were installed since the 1st World War, it was just shocked. Of course, the US is a rich country. She could afford the cost of such weapons and household conditions for the crews of submarines, which we could not dream about.
In winter, at air temperature from minus 20 to minus 30 ° C inside the boat was plus 3-5 ° C. When in the surface position "beat a charging or ventilated a boat," was generally "Dubak". On the bridge carry the watch - it's like standing on a pole under the fan. None of the designers invented real wind protection. After all, when the boat goes under diesel engines on the middle course at the oncoming wind, blows through. The windproof, established by boats, is the "achievement" of the advanced Soviet design thought - nothing in common has with its name. The wrapal officer is forced to wear under the bottom underwear, then underwater lingerie (woolen sweater and rates), trousers and twigs, then alpac and cotton or alpaccine pants. On feet - boots or felt boots with elephant type calories. But that's not all. In order not to blow and the sea salt did not spoil the alpaca skin, covering the coating. On the hands of leather mittens. Everything. Representation service is ready. Stop. And if the wave is covered even the bridge, when the boat breaks into the waves, you want to be dry, put on the hydrocomby. Finally, you are ready to care on the watch. Rising to the bridge, you wear the fire belt and the carbine fasten it to the fence of cutting, so that you are not cleaned. I have never seen such a Watch officer, none in any movie. 4 hours of watch, when a marine wave is covered with a certain periodicity of the bridge, and you are covered with ice, it is not everyone withstanding. It is impossible to show this, because the marine officer is a submarine should be like in a movie, "and he will raise and stroke, to ... Pistol is adjacent." The watch ended, and a newly poppy officer with a lomik freaking out from the ice of the one who he replaces, thoroughly called for the fence of cutting. And try to run up and down in full robe, which, however, did not save the road officer from the transformation into an Ice Baba.
American submariners have no problems with overalls to carry the watch on the bridge in winter. They wear light water-mounted overalls with an electric heating and a temperature regulator. The bridge and the venue of the running watch are reliably protected from wind and waves.
It was no better in summer, especially in autonomous swimming. The fighting areas were located mainly in tropics or subtropics, and sometimes in the equatorial zone. The temperature of the wicked water was to the depth of 200 meters + 28 ° C, and the outer air is more than + 30 ° C. In the underwater position, and this, as a rule, during the daytime in the compartments, the air temperature rose to + 35-45 ° C, and the decks in the second and fourth compartments, where the batteries are accumulating, not lower than + 42 ° C. In the diesel compartment, the air temperature exceeded + 50 ° C.
All compartments had high humidity, evaporation, and increased up to 10 MPC carbon dioxide content. The fans were wasting, absolutely not cooling, but only chasing hot air. Water reserves were strictly limited, it was necessary to wash only marine salted water and only a special soap. The shower was in the fence of logging, but they usually did not use it, because At any time, the boat must be ready for urgent immersion. One opening is a bridge, where the yield of tokens is allowed only by a limited number of people. When the boat goes under RDP, and this is denying. There is nothing to say about natural needs. Food is organized mainly canned products, and fresh products are not stored for a long time. Special attention of the boat commanders pay a selection of kokov, which can prepare food suitable for different temperature conditions, and do not feed you at a temperature of + 40 ° with hot dishes. Drinking water is available, but in limited quantities. It was hard for those who suffered a detrimental habit - smoking. In the underwater position, smoking is strictly forbidden, and in the surface - only on the bridge. True, the "under RDP" sailors still managed to smoke near working diesel engines. And so from 45 to 90 days.
The boat commander carries its watch almost 24 hours a day, even in a dream "without disabling" from everyday worries and alarms. Holiday time navigator he determines himself. On diesel boats like "M" and "medium" project 613 "in" combat schedule is provided for only one navigator, which for 45 days combines the carrying of the chassis and the navigator watch. The diesel boat for replenishing air reserves and charging AB is forced to pop up in an overworld position or become under RDP, which is extremely dangerous. There were times when boats were generally forbidden to become under RDP. And a strong pitching also cannot but affect the performance of crew members. It is especially strongly felt in the first (torpedo) compartment, where two types of pitching - onboard and killeva take place.
In the supervision of the operation of diesel engines, strong noise mainly in the 5th compartment. In the underwater position in the compartments permanent hums, their monotonous sound of many annoys. On the steering vertical workers, he acts "slutingly". Especially at night, when the boat goes "Economy. By move, "without changing the course for a long time.
On boats, the number of beds is strictly limited and corresponds to a staffing schedule. However, often at the time of the exit attracts superfilled l / s and there is not enough places for recreation. And on boats like "M", there was no possibility of resting the entire crew at all. There is only a two-chaired watch. One shift on the watch, the other rests.
In everyday life, people, with the exception of patients, are not much paying attention to atmospheric pressure drops, which are precursors of changes to the weather - the approximation of the storm, anticyclone approach, precipitation. On diesel boats in the surface position when working with diesel engines, these differences are especially noticeable, as if "beat" on the ears, if the system of general worker ventilation is not adjusted, or the boat goes "under RDP".
Several otherwise was the case with the habitability of atomicity.
If dieselists have the conditions of inhabitants depended on the time of year and the diving area, then on atoms, everything depended on the position of the boat - the surface or underwater.
The microclimate inside the submarine, due to the large energy flow of AEU, provided comfortable conditions for the crew, regardless of the season and the diving area. Another thing is when the boat is in an overnight position, and the wrapal officer and the signaller carry the watch on the bridge. Here the situation is more favorable than on diesel boats. Atomic approximations are large, compared to diesel boats, sizes, so the bridge is flooded with less.
Drinking water is made in sufficient quantities without restrictions. Refrigerators allow you to store significant food reserves. Food rods higher and better than diesel boats. Modern equipment of the galley provides for baking fresh bread in an amount sufficient for the entire crew. The norm of autonomous food soldering is pretty large, both in terms of cost and caloric content of about 5,500 feces. Above only at pilots - testes. However, the constant replacements of high-quality products are lower-quality (solid steel sausages on boiled, dessert wine on the fortified, canned food "Severe in tomato sauce" on "Cambalu in Tomat", etc.) Do not allow submariners to get what they are not allowed Speaking of permanent embezzlement. Only after the 4th year of service on atomicids, when I was in Komsomolsk-I am Amur, I not only saw that it represents naval autonomous lads, but I received it. Often there were cases when at the end of the battle service boats extended deadlines to perform new tasks. If the intestant was agreed and actually did not take products to complete autonomy, but only showed according to documents, it could lead to a breakdown of combat task. Such a case occurred at the "K-57" pland, when the commander of 26 Dipll counter-admiral Korban V. Ya was located on board, arrived at a boat 15 minutes before her waste on the BS. 40 days after the tasks of the BS tasks, when the boat was returning to the database, by decision of the Comort, it was extended by a period of another 15 days, since on documents internal received products for 60 days. The last 15 days the crew food was extremely scarce: in the morning one drying for breakfast, at lunch-1 bank of canned meat on three, in dinner again tea and drying. It is a pity that, on returning to the Base of the Intendant, they did not give under the court of the military tribunal, as Kidiv wanted. Shower and laundry with a gym, which can be deployed if necessary, create sufficient comfort. Smoking on submarines of the 1st generation was allowed only in the supervision of the bridge. If smoking was the commander of the BCH 5 or comdive -3, then some smokers managed to make several fumes. In the underwater position, a slightly "thought" the boat and in the compartments there was an increased pressure of up to 800 mm Hg. Post and more. This often artificially made the above-mentioned mechanics. To remove excess pressure, Diesel was launched for several minutes, near which smokers were collected. On the boats of the 2nd and the next generations, smoking rooms were provided, from the walls of which a unpleasant smell of tobacco proceeded through a short time. With the noise of business, just as on a diesel boat, only a diesel engine in the surface position worked a short time to replenish the reserves of the VDD. The strong sound of "whistle" published separate GTZ mechanisms.
A nuclear submarine is capable of long time not to float into the superval position, which increases its secrecy.
Being at a depth of more than 100 meters, atoms are not subject to swing and influence of meteo conditions.
However, atoms there is a constant threat of radioactive irradiation. At the submarines of the first and second generation, the L / from the non-mechanical service, the dosimeters were not issued at all. In fact, the probability of irradiation may differ slightly from mechanics and navigator. Of course, the main "recipients" doses of irradiation are special, managers, kips and radiometrics. And everyone knew about it. For example, the Chemist, Captain-Lieutenant Boris Nefedova, at the "K151" pland during the martial service in September 1963, there were two steam generators L / B, which caused a strong radioactive gas supply of the reactor compartment, and all ship dosimeters were rapidly. Then, not pop-up, the tanned compartment was ventilated throughout the boat. As a result, the entire crew received a certain radiation dose. But this case, for some reason, did not enter the order of the GC Navy on the benefits of the L / s with an Aviarian GEU.
Long-term combat service, especially RPKSN, when within 75-80 days the entire crew is in readiness to conduct hostilities, an unprepared person is difficult to withstand psychological stress. At the RPKSN "K-366" in the first campaign L / s BCH-2 was hidden and intimidated by the commander of the BC. Without sustaining such a tension, one of the young sailors tried to commit suicide. He hit himself in his chest with a knife. A ship doctor during the operation found an injury of a cardiac bag and put the seams. The sailor survived. It was the first operation on the heart performed by a ship doctor in the sea, for which he was awarded the medal "for military merit".
The issue of the psychological compatibility of the crew in the fulfillment of the tasks of the BS never paid attention.
Medical support in boat based places does not always meet the requirements. As a rule, on boats, medical examination is not carried out before entering the BS. Restricted only by selective check. Well even if the ship doctor manages to pass the surgery in the hospital. Dental assistance is practically absent. We in 15 squadron there were only two dental paramedics - an alcoholic, which could not help any medical assistance without alcohol. Even at the urgent service sailors, they demanded 0.5 liters of alcohol for treatment, and in the morning I could not worry, because Rold hands.
In addition to carrying a combat service, atoms were attracted to combat duty. Officers considered this punishment.
What is the difference between combat service from combat duty? The combat service raised their professional level. In addition, they received additional leave and surcharge (ocean). When the combat duty was carried within 60 days, they were constantly in a 40-minute readiness for reaching the sea. All worked equipment. It was impossible to get away from the ship. And frequent checks of commissions of all ranks? In addition to "wicks," nothing earn nothing in two months. And on the northern fleet, the boats began to duty for only 15 days "?".
And yet, submariners, despite the difficulties described above, preferred to be in the sea, where there were no commissions and less the authorities of all ranks, and people were engaged in their main business - they stood on the protection of their homeland. The rights of Admiral S. O. Makarov, when he said: "In the sea - at home."
The severity of the underwater services cannot afford the areas of the basing of ships and the living conditions of families. If these are areas susceptible to frequent earthquakes, tsunami and floods, if six months' night and break the biological watches of human life, and in the winter frequent burst and snowfall, in the summer of typhoon, then few people want to live in these areas. Therefore, these conditions tried to compensate for some benefits - additional leave, cash surcharges, etc.
But here, the management of M. O. allowed the equalization, which, besides harm, could not bring anything. All normal people have questions why an officer - a submariner with an atomic boat receives a surcharge for the service in a remote area 100% of the Oclade official and the service life is counted "one month for two", as well as officers of surface ships serving on the shore or army officers .
The service on submarines took place under constant stress voltage. All emergency situations, as a rule, were silent and the command was not reported to the compound. For example, the RPL of the 629A project under the command of Captain 1 rank K. in 1965 went on combat service. When conducting differentials in the Avachinsky lip, an error was made in its calculation, as a result of which the boat received a significant differential on the nose. The loose combat torpedo in the nose torpedo apparatus has shouted the head part about the front cover of that. When examining the torpedo, the crack and dent can be detected. According to the requirements of the current documents, the boat should be returned to the base and replace the torpedoes. However, understanding that it could entail this, the commander did not report on the incident and continued the transition to the combat service area. In the sea, Michman-Clevets rejected a dent and embroidered a crack. The report on the incident commander of the PL was not made on returning from the autonomy. The torpedo passed without comments, and only after a few months the defect was discovered.
The stressful situations include radiation, fires, partial floodings or water flow in compartments, navigation incidents and accidents C, it was to some extent there was practically on all boats. It is known that in the post-war period, the Navy lost 22 submarines (11 atomic and 11 diesel), on which more than 650 people died.
Not everyone has endured such a service "to wear".
At the Tof in early March 1968, when the project of the project 675 "K-7" was gathered at the BS, during a medical examination at the commander of the Captain 1 rank of January V. F. The consequences of the "on the legs" of a microindarkt were found. Despite this, he was going to the BS. Only after the intervention of the commander of the division of Vladimir Yakovlevich Korban, the commander of the boat for health was removed from participation in the campaign and transferred to the service in Vmolua.
On February 18, 1976 or 1977, the commander of 8 divisions of the 2nd flotilla of submarines Captain 1 rank Lazarev Yuriy Sergeevich reached a rocket shooting on the RPKSN of his division.
At this time, the fleet passed commanders - staff exercises under the direction of the commander of Tof Admiral Maslova V. P. Officers of the fleet headquarters were located on a protected KP Tof in the dungeon. At about 23.00 hours, telegram came to the commander of the personnel management of the Navy. It said that the captain of 1 rank Lazarev Yu. S. Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was awarded the title "Counter-Admiral". At the same time, in the name of V. P. Maslov from the boat, where Lazarev was located, RDO was received that Captain 1 rank Lazarev Yu. S. lost consciousness. Alleged diagnosis - myocardial infarction. After a few hours, without coming into consciousness, Lazarev Yu. S. died. He did not even know that he received the title of counter-admiral. He was only 44 years old.
At the autopsy, traces of more than 8 microfarkts were discovered. For the past two years, he was almost constantly in the sea on boats of his division, he did not provide a laid vacation, which was reflected on his health.
In the early 80s, the commander of the nuclear submarine of the project 671 hold of the Northern Fleet Captain 1 rank Harold Viktorovich Mosolov returned from autonomous navigation. After the mooring, he went to the headquarters. Rising to the second floor, fell and died of acute heart failure. He was also only 44 years old.
Taking care of the supply of submariners, GK Navy as its order found that with the timing of autonomous sailing from 30 to 45 days after returning for a month, the crew should provide a sanatorium treatment for a period of 10 days. With longer swimming, from 45 to 60 days - 15 days, from 60 to 90 - 20 days, from 90 or more - 24 days. But none of the command on the fleet was not interested in providing such long vacations. The question of reducing the timing of the rest decided very simple. Hiking was planned so that the boat was in the sea not 45 days, but 43, not 60 days, but 58 days. Then the vacation was less.
In general, the medical and sanatorium supply of submariners was previously organized by extremely bad. For 10 years of service on submarines, I received a junction in a sanatorium once, and twice in the holiday home. Upon receipt of a family trip in the sanatorium of the European part of the USSR, military transportation documents were issued for a family member than used mainly headquarters officers.
Service on submarines is hard work and no exotic. What was the pushing of young people to choose from this profession? Recently, at the next meeting, my classmates were asked, which led them to the Naval School. Most responded -domantics, and a sense of debt helped tolerate any burden and deprivation, which was forbidden to complain about the Charter of the USSR Sun. And some of the bosses were still done, "so that the service of paradise does not seem." They had many ways. But about that another time.
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