Origin of the surname Lunin. Meaning and origin of the surname Lunin Passion of a lifetime

Not every person is familiar with the name Nikolai Ivanovich Lunin. But it was this scientist who at one time discovered the beneficial properties of vitamins. Before this historical discovery, the nutritional value of consumed foods was determined only according to the presence of components such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Who is Nikolai Ivanovich Lunin? Biography, life path, the scientist’s contribution to science - all this will be discussed in our article.

early years

Nikolai Ivanovich Lunin was born on May 9, 1854 in the city of Dorpat (Tartu), which was located in Livlyandskaya. A boy was born into the family of lexicographer Ivan Lunin. Our hero's father was famous as the author of the first Estonian-Russian dictionary in history. The head of the family was also fond of translating Orthodox literature into Estonian. Nikolai's mother, Anna Bakaldina, had no creative talents.

The young man studied at a regular gymnasium in his hometown. After graduating from the latter, he entered the University of Dorpat. Here he was assigned to the Faculty of Medicine. It is noteworthy that at that time at the University of Dorpat all subjects were taught in German.

Our hero graduated from a prestigious university in 1878. However, N.I. Lunin decided not to leave Dorpat, or, as it came to be called, the University of Tartu. In order to further improve, he remained to work at the Department of Physiology. At first, the young man completed an internship for a year in major European cities. In particular, the former student improved his own qualifications in the best educational institutions in Berlin, Strasbourg, Paris and Vienna. Returning to the University of Tartu, Lunin began to conduct his first scientific experiments.

Medical practice

In 1882, the scientist moved to St. Petersburg. For the next few years, Nikolai Ivanovich worked in a hospital where he held the position of a pediatrician. Then the outstanding professor Vladimir Nikolaevich Reitz organized a research center for studying diseases of the younger generation at the Institute of Princess Elena Pavlovna. Soon Nikolai Lunin was invited here, who became one of the most talented researchers and teachers on the course.

Social activity

In 1897, our hero became the head of an orphanage that operated at the Elizabethan Hospital. From that moment on, the most important part of the scientist’s life began to be occupied by active social activities. He had membership in the Society of German Physicians, was a member of the department for the establishment of institutes, and chaired the Russian Geographical Society. Since 1925, Nikolai Ivanovich has been consulting the population on pediatric issues in the field of ear, throat and nose diseases.

Passion of a lifetime

Ivan Nikolaevich Lunin, in addition to his fruitful work in the field of scientific research, was famous as a successful dog breeder. The outstanding researcher devoted more than 3 decades of his life to breeding, selection and improvement

N.I. Lunin was a passionate hunter. One day he came up with the idea of breeding an ideal Russian cop. The scientist decided to create a new breed, using his experience in crossing animals. The result of many years of trial and error were first-class pointers that aroused genuine delight in everyone who saw them.

The dogs, which were the result of selection, combined the qualities necessary for hunting in the field with an excellent appearance and powerful physique. Securing this breed allowed Nikolai Ivanovich Lunin to stand on a par with the most outstanding dog breeders in the world. To this day, pointers retain the glory of a brilliant achievement of domestic cynology. Until his death, the famous scientist remained the constant chairman of various meetings and commissions in the field of breeding purebred dogs, and also repeatedly played the role of a judge during field trials and exhibitions. Active canine and social activities allowed Nikolai Ivanovich Lunin to become a person whom Russian dog breeders looked up to for decades.

Prerequisites for the discovery of vitamins

Even at the end of the 19th century, humanity did not have any information about the existence of vitamins. Scientists believed that for the healthy functioning of the body, the presence of only fats, proteins and carbohydrates in food is sufficient. As it turned out later, thanks to the research of Nikolai Ivanovich Lunin, things were different.

In ancient times, people often suffered from pathological manifestations such as scurvy, rickets, and night blindness. The diseases were a consequence of the development of vitamin deficiencies. Often such ailments affected sailors, expedition members, travelers, military personnel, prisoners, as well as the population of besieged cities. All these people lacked vitamins due to a lack of fresh fruits and vegetables in their diet.

Scientists and doctors have long tried to prove that the above diseases are caused by infections, as well as the penetration of food poisons and toxins into the body. This continued until an outstanding Russian scientist made his discovery.

Lunin Nikolay Ivanovich: vitamins

In 1880, a Russian researcher presented to the scientific community the results of his experiments, noted in a dissertation entitled “On the importance of inorganic salts for animal nutrition.” It was in this work that the existence of vitamins and their role in the life of organisms was first noted.

The prerequisite for the discovery was a series of laboratory studies. Nikolai Lunin decided to take experimental mice, dividing them into several groups. The scientist fed some rodents with an organic composition, the fundamental components of which were mineral salts, water, fats, proteins and carbohydrates. The researcher offered another group natural cow's milk.

Mice of the first category died within several weeks. The rest of the experimental subjects who consumed the natural product remained in normal health. Based on the results obtained, Nikolai Ivanovich concluded that milk contains previously unknown microelements that the body cannot do without. The final step was taken by the Polish researcher Kazimir Funk, who took advantage of Lunin’s work and synthesized vitamins from organic substances chemically.

Further research

In the 20s of the twentieth century, researchers determined that when vitamin B, known to science at that time, was dissolved in water, its derivatives, such as B1, B2, B3, were formed. The discovery made it possible to identify a number of other substances essential for the body, in particular, vitamins B 12 (cyanocobalamin), B 9 (folic acid), B 5 (pyridoxine) and others. In total, scientists have registered several dozen previously unknown compounds. Soon, methods for producing vitamins artificially were developed.

Finally

In 1934, Nikolai Ivanovich officially retired. The outstanding researcher lived for another 3 years and left our world in 1937. His body was buried next to his teacher Karl Rauchfus at the Volkovskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg. Later, a street and an alley in his hometown of Tartu were named after Nikolai Lunin. Vitamiini Street also appeared here, which received its name in honor of the discovery of vitamins by scientists.

The surname Lunin in one third of cases is of Russian origin, there is also a small probability that the surname is of Belarusian or Ukrainian origin, in about a quarter of cases the surname came from the languages of the peoples of Russia (Buryat, Mordovian, Tatar, Bashkir, etc.), also possible in 20% has Jewish roots, 20% are Russified versions of Latvian surnames. Most likely, this surname comes from the nickname, name, or profession of a distant ancestor of its bearer, moreover, in most cases, in the male line. Although there are often cases when the surname Lunin occurs through the female line

The surname Lunin belongs to the category of quite rare in the territories of Russia. In well-known noteworthy ancient texts, residents with this surname were famous figures from the Slavic Novgorod merchant class in the 16th and 17th centuries, bearing a certain amount of power and honor. Ancient evidence of the surname can be seen in the census list of Rus' during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. The Grand Duke had a special list of noble and best families, which were granted to courtiers only in case of special merit or encouragement. Therefore, this surname has conveyed its individual meaning and is unique..

Spelling the surname in Latin: LUNIN

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(1787-12-29 ) Place of Birth: Date of death: Father:

Sergei Mikhailovich Lunin

Mother:

Feodosia Nikitichna Lunina (nee Muravyova)

Mikhail Sergeevich Lunin (December 18 (December 29) ( 17871229 ) , St. Petersburg - December 3 (December 15), Akatuisky mine, now Borzinsky district of the Chita region) - Decembrist, lieutenant colonel of the Life Guards (), was a member of the Northern Society, Catholic.

Biography

M. S. Lunin was born into the family of a state councilor and a wealthy Tambov-Saratov landowner who had 1,200 serf souls - Sergei Mikhailovich Lunin. Received an excellent education. In addition to French, he also knew English, Polish, Latin and Greek well. He was raised Catholic. He served in the Cavalry Regiment.

He took part in a number of historical battles, where he was distinguished by displays of courage.

In 1815, M. S. Lunin retired from military service.

In 1816 in St. Petersburg, he joined the “Union of Salvation”, and later was one of the founders of the “Union of Welfare”. At a meeting of union members in 1816, Lunin said that it would not be difficult to plot and kill Alexander I on the Tsarskoye Selo road, which he usually travels on without much security. To do this, it is enough to gather a group of determined people and dress them in masks (so that the king’s companions do not recognize the murderers). , after the cessation of whose activities Lunin became a member of the “Northern Secret Society”.

In 1816, Lunin went abroad and lived in Paris for a year, earning money by teaching lessons and writing petitions. In Paris he met A. Saint-Simon. In 1817, after the death of his father, becoming the heir to a large fortune, he returned to Russia. In 1822, M. S. Lunin entered service in the Life Guards Grodno Hussar Regiment. He was appointed aide-de-camp to Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, who was the commander-in-chief of the troops of the Warsaw Military District.

After 1822, Lunin moved away from the ideas of the founders of the movement, remaining committed to the need for political changes in Russia, and above all, the liberation of the peasants. He basically rejected the methods proposed by members of secret societies, which seemed unacceptable to Lunin.

Lunin told the Investigative Committee: “I have made it an invariable rule not to name anyone by name.” He did not deny the fact of his participation in a secret society.

In 1826, M. S. Lunin was convicted mainly for the 1816 regicide plan. Sentenced to life hard labor. On July 10, 1826, the term of hard labor was reduced to 20 years, according to the manifesto of August 22, 1826 - to 15 years, followed by permanent settlement in Siberia. In 1832, the term of hard labor was reduced to 10 years.

Before the trial, all Decembrists were asked to write a will. Lunin, in his will, transferred his estate to his cousin with the condition that he would release the peasants. His sister, under pressure from her husband, challenged the will. The estate went to her.

After imprisonment in the Sveaborg fortress and Vyborg prison, he was sent to the Chita prison (delivered on April 11, 1828). Transferred to the Petrovsky plant in August 1830. In 1836 he settled in the village. Urik.

Lunin's letters from Siberia

In 1837, Lunin created a series of political letters addressed to his sister: he set out to write the history of the Decembrist movement, it was assumed that the letters would become known to a wide circle of readers. At the beginning of 1838, he wrote “Historical Search” (a brief overview of the past of the Russian state), in September 1838, “A Look at the Russian Secret Society from 1816 to 1826” (an essay on the history of secret societies), in November 1839, “Analysis of the Report, presented to the Emperor by the Secret Commission of 1826." (contains a critical study of the “Report” and the author’s view of the Decembrist movement, indicating its true goals). Lunin planned to write “Analysis of the activities of the Supreme Criminal Court” for which he asked his sister to send documents and materials related to the December 14 Uprising: newspaper publications, eyewitness accounts. The plan was not implemented, since Lunin did not receive the required materials.

In Irkutsk, a circle of distributors of Lunin’s works formed: teachers of local schools Zhuravlev and Kryukov, Cossack officer Cherepanov, Decembrist P.F. Gromnitsky. An official of special assignments under the Irkutsk governor, Rupert Uspensky, saw a list of one of Lunin’s works from Zhuravlev, took it supposedly to read, made a copy and sent it with a report to A. Kh. Benkendorf. On the night of March 26-27, 1841, Lunin was arrested and his papers were confiscated. Lunin himself was exiled to Akatui.

Lunin was not at all surprised by his new arrest; he always expected that he would be thrown back into prison, and always said that he should end his life in prison, although, however, he loved to roam freely with a gun and spent most of his life hunting. Once I was at his Christmas party, and he asked me what, in my opinion, would follow him for his letters to his sister? I replied that four months had already passed since he resumed correspondence, and if there had been no consequences so far, then probably there would be none in the future. This made him angry; he began to prove that this could not be and that he would certainly be locked up in prison, that he must end his life in prison.
“Recordings by S. P. Trubetskoy on the “Notes” of V. I. Shteingel”

On December 3, 1845, Lunin died in prison. According to the official version, the cause of death was apoplexy. Contemporaries, and later S.B. Okun and N.Ya. Eidelman believed that Lunin was killed.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

1814-1815, 1817-1822 - Rizhsky Avenue, 76 (Stepan Razin St., 6). Historical monument of Federal significance;
1815-1816 - Dubetskaya's house - Torgovaya Street, 14.

Quote

While working on the tenth chapter of Eugene Onegin, Pushkin described the following meeting:

They are famous for their sharp orbit,
Members of this family gathered
From restless Nikita,
At the careful Ilya.
Friend of Mars, Bacchus and Venus,
Lunin sharply suggested to them
Its decisive measures
And he muttered with inspiration.
Pushkin read his Noels,
Melancholy Yakushkin,
It seemed to silently expose
Regicidal dagger (VI, 524).

Literature

Gusev V. The Legend of the Blue Hussar: The Tale of Mikhail Lunin. - M.: Politizdat, 1976. (Fiery revolutionaries) - 389 p., ill. The same - M.: Politizdat, 1980. - 389 p.: ill.
Lunin M. S. Letters from Siberia / Ed. prepared I. A. Zhelvakova, N. Ya. Eidelman. - M.: Nauka, 1987. - 496 p.
Okun S. B. Decembrist M. S. Lunin / Okun S. B. - L.: Leningrad State University, B. g. - 280 p.
Gamzakova T. Decembrist Mikhail Lunin // “Truth and Life”. - 1992. - No. 7-8
N. Ya. Eidelman."M. S. Lunin and his Siberian works.” In the book “Letters from Siberia”, Moscow, “Science”, 1987, p. 301-352.
E. S. Uvarova.“Letter-memoir about M. S. Lunin.” In the book “Letters from Siberia”, Moscow, “Science”, 1987, p. 286-289.
“Memoirs of the Decembrists. Northern Society" Compilations, general editing, introductory article and comments by prof. V. A. Fedorova - M.: MSU, 1981.
Tsimbaeva E. N. Russian Catholicism. The idea of pan-European unity in Russia in the 19th century; 2nd ed., revised, additional. M., LKI, 2008, 208 p.

Note

Categories:

Personalities in alphabetical order
Born on December 29
Born in 1787
Died December 15
Died in 1845
Politicians by alphabet
Persons:Inzhavino
Cavalry Guards
Decembrists
19th century personalities
Orthodox Christians who converted to Catholicism

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

The basis of the surname Lunin was the worldly name Lunya. The surname Lunin goes back to the baptismal male name Luke (from Latin - “luminous”), more precisely to its derivative form Lunya (translated from Latin - “son of Luke, bright”).

One of the most famous namesakes is Mikhail Sergeevich Lunin (1787/88-1845) - Decembrist, lieutenant colonel, participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 and foreign campaigns of the Russian army. One of the founders of the “Union of Salvation” and the “Union of Prosperity”, member of the Northern and Southern Societies. And Nikolai Ivanovich Lunin (1853-1937), a Russian pediatrician, was the first to show the need for special substances for the body, later called vitamins. Lunya, eventually received the surname Lunin.

Version 3

These surnames are derived from the names Luka (from Latin - 'light-bearing') and Lukyan (from Latin - 'son of Luke, bright'). Lukonia, Lukuta, Lutonya, Lutokha are diminutive forms of the names Luka, Lukyan.
Luksha from the canonical male name Lukian (everyday - Lukyan) with the suffix -sh-(a), like Vansha, Niksha and other colloquial formations. Sochetanik-kshin is typical for the north-western regions. (see Akinshin)
Last name Lunchenkov from visitor requests. Her true name is Luncha Lunya Lukain. The suffix -enkov is typical either for Russified Ukrainian surnames (Lunchenko), or for Russians, common in the south of Russia, in areas bordering Ukraine.
The surname Lukmanov may have other origins. See Lukmanov.

How to spell the surname Lunin in English (Latin)

Lunin

When filling out a document in English, you should first write your first name, then your patronymic in Latin letters, and then your last name. You may need to spell the surname Lunin in English when applying for a foreign passport, ordering a foreign hotel, when placing an order in an English online store, and so on.