The works of how many foreign writers are listed in the presented. All-Russian Olympiad "our heritage"
Closely related to the right of authorship is the right to an author's name, the content of which is disclosed in Art. 15 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Copyright and Related Rights". According to this article, the author may use or allow the use of the work under his real name, under a conventional name (pseudonym) or without a name (anonymously). By choosing one of these methods, the author realizes his right to a name. He also has the right to demand that his name be indicated each time his work is published, publicly performed, broadcast on the radio, quoted or otherwise used. Finally, the right to a name includes the ability to demand that the author's name (pseudonym) not be distorted when it is mentioned by persons using the work.
The right to a name is sometimes regarded as a concretization of the right of authorship180, one of the manifestations of the latter181. However, according to most researchers, we are talking about interrelated, but still completely independent rights. The rights under consideration do not coincide in scope and differ in the nature of the opportunities that they contain. This is clearly confirmed by the fact that the right to an author's name can be violated without violating the right of authorship, for example, by distorting the author's name or by violating the method chosen by the author to indicate the connection between the work and his name. In addition, unlike the right of authorship, which reflects an objective fact and does not depend on the publication of a work, the right to a name is exercised by the unilateral will of the author and is exercised in connection with the use of the work182.
The right to an author's name is a personal non-property right of the author, which the latter cannot transfer to anyone. Like the right of authorship, this right arises from the very fact of creating a work, but unlike the right of authorship, it is realized only in the case of publication of the work. As long as the work is not made public, the right in question exists only potentially, since the work is not available to third parties and they cannot find out the name of its creator. The right to a copyright name is valid throughout the life of the author, and after his death is protected by heirs, copyright organizations or the state as a public interest.
As already noted, the law indicates three possible ways in which the author exercises his right to a copyright name. Most often, the creators of works indicate their authorship by indicating their true name. The real name of the author can be placed on the title page of a book or on posters, indicated in the credits of a film or announced before the public performance of the work or its broadcast, etc. The fact that the name of a certain person is indicated on the work means the presumption that the authorship of the work belongs to this person. Although this presumption is not enshrined in law, but is factual, it reflects with sufficient certainty the actual state of affairs and is applied in practice. The author himself determines the method and completeness of the indication of his true name. In particular, the author can indicate his name in full, indicating his surname, first name and patronymic (Dotsenko Irina Ivanovna), may indicate only the first and last name (Irina Dotsenko) or surname and initials (I.I. Dotsenko), etc. .
If, however, the work is signed only with the initials (ID), such a work is considered anonymous.
When publishing works created by several persons, the names of co-authors are indicated in the sequence specified by the co-authors. All co-authors enjoy the right to indicate their name, regardless of the size of the creative contribution made to the work. However, by agreement of the creators of a collective work, it may be published under the name of one or more of them, for example, to reflect the fact that it was this person (s) who made the main creative contribution to the creation of the work. The names of other co-authors may, with their consent, be indicated in the preface or in another place of work. In the event of a dispute about the method of designating the names of co-authors, their names are arranged in alphabetical order.
When using works of foreign authors in Russia, their names are given in Russian transcription, which must be agreed with the author of the original. With this method of using a work as an edition, the names of foreign authors are often indicated in the original language on the back of the title page.
Often, especially when using scientific works in print, along with the name of the author, his scientific degree, academic or honorary title, position and other details are indicated. Bringing such information can be made only with the consent of the authors, who are personally responsible for the accuracy of the specified data.
Violation of the right to a name with this method of its implementation will be the failure to indicate the name of the author, as well as its distortion. This is a fairly typical and common violation found in the area under consideration. The right of creators of works to an author's name is most often violated during public performance of works, their broadcasting, etc. Thus, in radio and television programs, works are often heard and shown without indicating the names of their creators. This is a violation of the rights of the latter and should be suppressed by law enforcement authorities and copyright organizations. The right to a name can be violated when quoting other people's works is allowed by law, but without indicating the source of borrowing. So JI.H. Gumilyov made a well-founded claim to the journal "Our Contemporary" and V. Chivilikhin due to the fact that in the essay "Memory", which was published on the pages of the journal, citations from the scientific works of JI are widely used. N. Gumilyov without mentioning his name. According to the editors of the journal, such a reference apparatus would make it difficult for both the author's narration and the perception of the text by readers. However, the requirement of JI. N. Gumilyov was satisfied1.
The next way to designate the author's name and exercise the right in question is the performance of the author under a fictitious name (pseudonym). It is also often used in practice. Many Russian writers (Anna Akhmatova, Maxim Gorky, Demyan Bedny, etc.) entered the history of Russian and world literature under their fictitious names. Sometimes under a pseudonym there is not one person, but two, three or more co-authors. So, under the name of Kozma Prutkov, the Zhemchuzhnikov brothers and the poet A. K. Tolstoy created their works, the pseudonym “Kukryniksy” combined the names of artists M. Kupriyanov, P. Krylov and N. Sokolov, who worked in the field of fine art for a long time, etc.
In the 50s, a discussion took place in the Soviet press about the admissibility of using a pseudonym in writing and other creative activities. Supporters of the introduction of a ban on the pseudonym, among which was, in particular, the famous Soviet writer M. A. Sholokhov, did not provide any convincing arguments in support of their position, which was rejected by both the majority of writers and almost all lawyers. Indeed, the reasons for using a pseudonym can be very different, including very respectful ones, for example, the dissonance of the author's real name, its coincidence with the name of another author, the official position of the author, etc. But in principle, this should not matter, since we are talking about the creator's free choice of the designation of his connection with the work. The ban on a pseudonym is incompatible with the freedom of creativity.
The law does not provide for any conditions or procedure for acquiring the right to a pseudonym. The term and extent of the use of a pseudonym are also determined by the author himself. He can release his first works under a conditional name, and later perform under his real name, as, for example, A.P. Chekhov. The author can designate by a pseudonym some part of his works, for example, works of a certain genre.
Materials of the North-Western branch of the VAAP for 1984
The law prohibits without the consent of the author to make any changes to the way the author chose to designate his name, including when he used a pseudonym. A pseudonym, like the real name of the author, should not be distorted. Disclosing the pseudonym of the author without his consent will be a special violation. Such violations occur in practice, but the current legislation, in fact, does not contain any sanctions for this violation. The author can really protect his right to a pseudonym only when it is possible to stop the impending offense. After it has been committed, the author, at best, can be given an official apology, as well as compensated, at his request, for moral damage. Sometimes, however, the need to disclose a pseudonym may arise due to the fact that an article or note published in the press is clearly libelous or offensive. This can be done, but only when the relevant request has been received from the court in connection with the case under its proceedings. In other cases, the editorial office is obliged to keep the source of information secret and is not entitled to name the person who provided the information on the condition of not disclosing his name, including by disclosing a pseudonym (Article 41 of the Law of the RSFSR *0 mass media).
In some cases, the right of an author to act under a pseudonym may be restricted. So, it is hardly permissible to use such a pseudonym that violates the norms of morality or is offensive. Equally, an author cannot choose a pseudonym that is clearly misleading to the public, for example, when it coincides with a name under which another author has long been using. In both cases, the author may be denied the protection of his rights with reference to Art. 10 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which prohibits the abuse of civil rights.
The right to an author's name can be exercised by publishing a work without indicating the name of the creator of the work, i.e. anonymously. In this case, the will of the author is aimed at not linking the work he created with his name. Sometimes, however, the name of the author is not indicated due to the established procedure for publishing certain works, for example, leading articles in newspapers and magazines, articles in reference books and dictionaries, etc. The author preparing the relevant material must be warned in advance that his name will not be indicated when the work is published. He may disagree with such a provision and prohibit the use of the work created by him without indicating his name. If the author does not object to the publication of his work anonymously in connection with the established tradition, this means that he has exercised the right to the author's name.
The publication of a work without indicating the name of the author does not in any way mean that the creator of the work renounces authorship of it. The right of authorship, as well as all other copyrights, is reserved by the creator of the work and can be used by him in a general manner. The only problem is to prove authorship of an anonymously published work. It is usually endorsed by the organization that used the work and who usually knows the real name of the author. Like a pseudonym, anonymous can be disclosed without the consent of the author only at the request of the court. Sometimes, however, the question arises of the possibility of publishing the name of the creator of an anonymous work after the death of the author. The heirs or a specially appointed person shall acquire the right to protection of the author's name. Therefore, if the author has not left any specific instructions on this score, the issue is decided at the discretion of the above persons.
Adjacent to the problem of the author's name is the issue of the author's ability to dedicate the entire work to certain persons, events or dates, which is not regulated by law in any way. Often, dedication is associated with the author's creative intention or helps to better understand the main content of the creative work. In practice, users of works sometimes object to the inclusion of such dedications in a work. In the conditions of unsettledness of this issue, it is resolved by reaching the mutual consent of the author and the user of the work. In order to avoid unnecessary disputes, it is advisable to stipulate this issue in the author's agreement in advance.
Along with the direct creators of works, the right to designate their name is used by enterprises, institutions and organizations, on the official assignment of which the work was created (clause 3, article 14 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Copyright and Related Rights”). Thus, an educational institution or scientific institution may insist that their name be indicated on works created by their employees as part of the work assigned to them.
One of the first famous translators was Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky. More than half of what he wrote are translations from ancient Greek, German, English and other languages. It was he who opened Goethe and Schiller to the Russian reader. The translated works of Zhukovsky the poet are perceived as masterpieces not only of translated literature, but of literature in general. They rightfully deserved worthy attention among readers, some of the works turned out to be stronger than the originals. According to Vasily Andreevich, the reason for the success of his translations lies in the fact that he himself liked those works for which he undertook.
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Vikenty Veresaev presented the reader with translations of ancient Greek works: the Iliad, the Odyssey, Sappho, etc. Veresaev's translated works are almost better known to the reader than his own.
Akhmatova, Balmont, Blok and other poets of the Silver Age translated a lot and varied, French, English. Flaubert's Madame Bovary and Maupassant's short stories performed by I. Turgenev are popular. This Russian writer was fluent in French and English. Another writer of the 19th century who translated world classics is F. Dostoevsky. Popular among readers is his translation of Balzac's Eugene Grande.
From the point of view of translation activities, Vladimir Nabokov is interesting. This is a bilingual writer, whose authorship belongs to works and languages. He translated a lot from Russian into English, for example, "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" and his own novel "Lolita".
The German anti-fascist writer Heinrich Belle translated many of the works of English writers into German. Together with his wife, they discovered the works of Salinger and Malamud for Germany. Subsequently, the novels of Bell himself were conveyed to the Russian-speaking reader by the Soviet writer Rita Wright-Kovaleva. She also owns translations of Schiller, Kafka, Faulkner.
The modern writer Boris Akunin, who gained fame among the Russian reader as the author of works of the detective genre, is no less famous for his translations. His translation has been published by Japanese, English and French authors.
Baby transfers
Many fairy tales for Russian children were translated by Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky. With his help, the kids met Baron Munchausen, Robinson Crusoe and Tom Sawyer. Boris Zakhoder translated The Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. For many Russian children, the first book they read was the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm in a magnificent translation by S.Ya. Marshak. The fairy tale about Chipollino was translated by Z. Potapova. Elena Blaginina, a well-known children's poetess, translated humorous rhymes for children and adapted them to Russian realities.
Now the current generation sees everything clearly, marvels at the delusions, laughs at the foolishness of its ancestors, it is not in vain that this chronicle is scribbled with heavenly fire, that every letter screams in it, that a piercing finger is directed from everywhere at him, at him, at the current generation; but the current generation laughs and arrogantly, proudly begins a series of new delusions, which will also be laughed at by descendants later. "Dead Souls"
For what? Like an inspiration
Love the given subject!
Like a true poet
Sell your imagination!
I am a slave, a day laborer, I am a merchant!
I owe you, sinner, for gold,
For your worthless piece of silver
Pay the divine price!
"Improvisation I"
Literature is a language that expresses everything that a country thinks, wants, knows, wants and needs to know.
In the hearts of the simple, the feeling of the beauty and grandeur of nature is stronger, more alive a hundred times than in us, enthusiastic storytellers in words and on paper.
"Hero of our time"
Everywhere there is sound, and everywhere there is light,
And all the worlds have one beginning,
And there is nothing in nature
No matter how love breathes.
In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections on the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you, how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!
Poems in prose "Russian language"
So, complete your dissolute escape,
Prickly snow flies from the bare fields,
Driven by an early, violent blizzard,
And, stopping in the forest wilderness,
Gathering in silver silence
Deep and cold bed.
Listen: shame on you!
It's time to get up! You know yourself
What time has come;
In whom the sense of duty has not cooled down,
Who has an incorruptible heart,
In whom is talent, strength, accuracy,
Tom shouldn't sleep now...
"Poet and Citizen"
Is it possible that even here they will not allow and will not allow the Russian organism to develop nationally, by its organic strength, but certainly impersonally, servilely imitating Europe? But what to do with the Russian organism then? Do these gentlemen understand what an organism is? Separation, "split" from their country leads to hatred, these people hate Russia, so to speak, naturally, physically: for the climate, for the fields, for the forests, for the order, for the liberation of the peasant, for Russian history, in a word, for everything, hate for everything.
Spring! the first frame is exposed -
And noise broke into the room,
And the blessing of the nearby temple,
And the talk of the people, and the sound of the wheel ...
Well, what are you afraid of, pray tell! Now every grass, every flower rejoices, but we hide, we are afraid, just what kind of misfortune! The storm will kill! This is not a storm, but grace! Yes, grace! You are all thunder! The northern lights will light up, it would be necessary to admire and marvel at the wisdom: “the dawn rises from the midnight countries”! And you are horrified and come up with: this is for war or for the plague. Whether a comet is coming, I would not take my eyes off! Beauty! The stars have already looked closely, they are all the same, and this is a new thing; Well, I would look and admire! And you are afraid to even look at the sky, you are trembling! From everything you have made yourself a scarecrow. Eh, people! "Thunderstorm"
There is no more enlightening, soul-purifying feeling than the one that a person feels when he gets acquainted with a great work of art.
We know that loaded guns must be handled with care. But we do not want to know that we must treat the word in the same way. The word can both kill and make evil worse than death.
There is a well-known trick of an American journalist who, in order to increase the subscription to his magazine, began to publish in other publications the most brazen attacks on himself from fictitious persons: some printed him out as a swindler and perjurer, others as a thief and murderer, and still others as a debauchee on a colossal scale. He did not skimp on paying for such friendly advertisements, until everyone thought - yes, it’s obvious that this is a curious and remarkable person when everyone shouts about him like that! - and began to buy up his own newspaper.
"Life in a Hundred Years"
I ... think that I know the Russian person in his very depths, and I do not put myself in any merit for this. I did not study the people from conversations with St. Petersburg cabbies, but I grew up among the people, on the Gostomel pasture, with a cauldron in my hand, I slept with him on the dewy grass of the night, under a warm sheepskin coat, and on the Panin’s zamashnaya crowd behind circles of dusty manners ...
Between these two colliding titans - science and theology - there is a stunned public, quickly losing faith in the immortality of man and in any deity, quickly descending to the level of a purely animal existence. Such is the picture of the hour illuminated by the radiant midday sun of the Christian and scientific era!
"Isis Unveiled"
Sit down, I'm glad to see you. Cast away all fear
And you can keep yourself free
I give you permission. You know one of these days
I was elected king by the people,
But it's all the same. They confuse my thought
All these honors, greetings, bows...
"Crazy"
- What do you need abroad? - I asked him at a time when in his room, with the help of servants, his things were being packed and packed for shipment to the Varshavsky railway station.
- Yes, just ... to come to your senses! - He said confusedly and with a kind of dull expression on his face.
"Letters from the Road"
Is it really a matter of going through life in such a way as not to offend anyone? This is not happiness. Hurt, break, break, so that life boils. I am not afraid of any accusations, but a hundred times more than death I am afraid of colorlessness.
Verse is the same music, only combined with the word, and it also needs a natural ear, a sense of harmony and rhythm.
You experience a strange feeling when, with a light touch of your hand, you make such a mass rise and fall at will. When such a mass obeys you, you feel the power of a person ...
"Meeting"
The feeling of the Motherland should be strict, restrained in words, not eloquent, not chatty, not “waving your arms” and not running forward (to show yourself). The feeling of the Motherland should be a great ardent silence.
"Solitary"
And what is the secret of beauty, what is the secret and charm of art: in a conscious, inspired victory over torment or in the unconscious anguish of the human spirit, which sees no way out of the circle of vulgarity, squalor or thoughtlessness and is tragically condemned to seem self-satisfied or hopelessly false.
"Sentimental Remembrance"
Since my birth I have been living in Moscow, but by God I don’t know where Moscow came from, why it is, why, why, what it needs. In the Duma, at meetings, I, along with others, talk about urban economy, but I don’t know how many miles there are in Moscow, how many people there are, how many are born and die, how much we receive and spend, for how much and with whom we trade ... Which city is richer: Moscow or London? If London is richer, then why? And the jester knows him! And when some question is raised in the thought, I shudder and the first one starts shouting: “Submit to the commission! To the commission!
Everything new in the old way:
The modern poet
In a metaphorical outfit
Speech is poetic.
But others are not an example for me,
And my charter is simple and strict.
My verse is a pioneer boy
Lightly dressed, barefoot.
1926
Under the influence of Dostoevsky, as well as foreign literature, Baudelaire and Poe, my passion began not for decadence, but for symbolism (even then I already understood their difference). A collection of poems, published at the very beginning of the 90s, I entitled "Symbols". It seems that I was the first to use this word in Russian literature.
The run of changeable phenomena,
Past those flying, speed up:
Merge into one sunset of accomplishments
With the first gleam of gentle dawns.
From the lower life to the origins
In a moment, a single review:
In the face of a single smart eye
Take your twins.
Immutable and wonderful
Blessed Muse gift:
In the spirit of the form of slender songs,
There is life and heat in the heart of the songs.
"Thoughts on Poetry"
I have a lot of news. And all are good. I'm lucky". I am writing. I want to live, live, live forever. If you only knew how many new poems I have written! More than a hundred. It was crazy, a fairy tale, new. I am publishing a new book, completely different from the previous ones. She will surprise many. I changed my understanding of the world. No matter how funny my phrase sounds, I will say: I understood the world. For many years, perhaps forever.
K. Balmont - L. Vilkina
Man is the truth! Everything is in man, everything is for man! Only man exists, everything else is the work of his hands and his brain! Person! It's great! It sounds... proud!
"At the bottom"
I'm sorry to create something useless and no one needs now. A collection, a book of poems at the present time is the most useless, unnecessary thing ... I do not mean by this that poetry is not needed. On the contrary, I affirm that poetry is necessary, even necessary, natural and eternal. There was a time when whole books of poetry seemed necessary to everyone, when they were read in full, understood and accepted by everyone. This time is past, not ours. The modern reader does not need a collection of poems!
Language is the history of a people. Language is the path of civilization and culture. Therefore, the study and preservation of the Russian language is not an idle occupation with nothing to do, but an urgent need.
What nationalists, patriots these internationalists become when they need it! And with what arrogance they sneer at the "frightened intellectuals" - as if there is absolutely no reason to be frightened - or at the "frightened townsfolk", as if they have some great advantages over the "philistines". And who, in fact, are these townsfolk, "prosperous philistines"? And who and what do the revolutionaries care about, if they so despise the average person and his well-being?
"Cursed Days"
In the struggle for their ideal, which is “freedom, equality and fraternity”, citizens must use such means that do not contradict this ideal.
"Governor"
“Let your soul be whole or split, let your understanding of the world be mystical, realistic, skeptical, or even idealistic (if you are unhappy before that), let the creative techniques be impressionistic, realistic, naturalistic, the content be lyrical or fabulous, let there be a mood, an impression - whatever you want, but, I beg you, be logical - may this cry of the heart be forgiven me! – are logical in design, in the construction of the work, in syntax.
Art is born in homelessness. I wrote letters and stories addressed to a distant unknown friend, but when a friend came, art gave way to life. Of course, I'm not talking about home comfort, but about life, which means more than art.
"We are with you. Diary of love"
An artist can do nothing more than open his soul to others. It is impossible to present him with predetermined rules. He is still an unknown world, where everything is new. We must forget what captivated others, here it is different. Otherwise, you will listen and not hear, you will look without understanding.
From Valery Bryusov's treatise "On Art"
Well, let her rest, she was exhausted - they exhausted her, alarmed her. And as soon as it's light, the shopkeeper will rise, she will begin to fold her goods, she will grab a blanket, she will go, pull out this soft bedding from under the old woman: she will wake the old woman, raise her to her feet: it's not light or dawn, if you please get up. It's nothing you can do. In the meantime - grandmother, our Kostroma, our mother, Russia!
"Whirlwind Russia"
Art never speaks to the crowd, to the masses, it speaks to the individual, in the deep and hidden recesses of his soul.
Mikhail Andreevich Osorgin (Ilyin) (1878 - 1942)
How strange /.../ How many cheerful and cheerful books there are, how many brilliant and witty philosophical truths - but there is nothing more comforting than Ecclesiastes.
Babkin dared, - read Seneca
And, whistling carcasses,
Take it to the library
In the margins, noting: "Nonsense!"
Babkin, friend, is a harsh critic,
Have you ever thought
What a legless paraplegic
Light chamois is not a decree? ..
"Reader"
.jpg)
A critic's word about a poet must be objectively concrete and creative; the critic, while remaining a scientist, is a poet.
"Poetry of the Word"
Only great things are worth thinking about, only great tasks should be set by the writer; set boldly, without being embarrassed by your personal small forces.
“It’s true, there are both goblin and water ones here,” I thought, looking in front of me, “or maybe some other spirit lives here ... A mighty, northern spirit that enjoys this wildness; maybe real northern fauns and healthy, blond women roam in these forests, eating cloudberries and lingonberries, laughing and chasing each other.
"North"
You need to be able to close a boring book...leave a bad movie...and part with people who don't value you!
Out of modesty, I will be careful not to point out the fact that on the day of my birth the bells were rung and there was a general rejoicing of the people. Evil tongues associated this jubilation with some great holiday that coincided with the day of my birth, but I still don’t understand what else is there to do with this holiday?
That was the time when love, good and healthy feelings were considered vulgar and a relic; no one loved, but all were thirsty and, like poisoned ones, fell to everything sharp, tearing apart the insides.
"The Road to Calvary"
- Well, what's wrong, - I say to myself, - at least in a short word for now? After all, exactly the same form of farewell to friends exists in other languages, and there it does not shock anyone. The great poet Walt Whitman, shortly before his death, said goodbye to readers with a touching poem "So long!", which means in English - "Bye!". The French a bientot has the same meaning. There is no rudeness here. On the contrary, this form is filled with the most gracious courtesy, because here the following (approximately) meaning is compressed: be prosperous and happy until we see each other again.
"Live Like Life"
Switzerland? This is a mountain pasture for tourists. I've traveled all over the world myself, but I hate those ruminant bipeds with a Badaker for a tail. They chewed through the eyes of all the beauties of nature.
"Island of Lost Ships"
Everything that I wrote and will write, I consider only mental rubbish and do not respect my literary merits. And I wonder and wonder why apparently smart people find some meaning and value in my poems. Thousands of poems, whether mine or those poets whom I know in Russia, are not worth one chanter of my bright mother.
I am afraid that Russian literature has only one future: its past.
Article "I'm afraid"
For a long time we have been looking for such a task, similar to lentils, so that the combined rays of the work of artists and the work of thinkers directed by it to a common point would meet in a common work and could ignite and turn even the cold substance of ice into a fire. Now such a task - a lentil that guides together your stormy courage and the cold mind of thinkers - has been found. This goal is to create a common written language...
"Artists of the World"
He adored poetry, tried to be impartial in his judgments. He was surprisingly young at heart, and perhaps even in mind. He always looked like a child to me. There was something childish in his clipped head, in his bearing, more like a gymnasium than a military one. He liked to portray an adult, like all children. He loved to play the “master”, the literary bosses of his “humil”, that is, the little poets and poetesses who surrounded him. Poetic children loved him very much.
Khodasevich, "Necropolis"
Me, me, me What a wild word!
Is that one over there really me?
Did mom love this?
Yellow-gray, semi-gray
And omniscient like a snake?
You have lost your Russia.
Did you resist the elements
Good elements of gloomy evil?
Not? So shut up: took away
Your fate is not without a reason
To the edge of an unkind foreign land.
What's the point of groaning and grieve -
Russia must be earned!
"What You Need to Know"
I never stopped writing poetry. For me, they are my connection with the time, with the new life of my people. When I wrote them, I lived by those rhythms that sounded in the heroic history of my country. I am happy that I lived in these years and saw events that had no equal.
All the people sent to us are our reflection. And they were sent so that we, looking at these people, correct our mistakes, and when we correct them, these people either change too or leave our lives.
In the wide field of Russian literature in the USSR, I was the only literary wolf. I was advised to dye the skin. Ridiculous advice. Whether a painted wolf or a shorn wolf, he still does not look like a poodle. They treated me like a wolf. And for several years they drove me according to the rules of a literary cage in a fenced yard. I have no malice, but I am very tired ...
From a letter from M. A. Bulgakov to I. V. Stalin, May 30, 1931.
When I die, my descendants will ask my contemporaries: "Did you understand Mandelstam's poems?" - "No, we did not understand his poems." "Did you feed Mandelstam, did you give him shelter?" - "Yes, we fed Mandelstam, we gave him shelter." "Then you are forgiven."
Maybe go to the Press House - there is one sandwich each with salmon caviar and a debate - "about the proletarian choral reading", or to the Polytechnic Museum - there are no sandwiches, but twenty-six young poets read their poems about the "locomotive mass". No, I will sit on the stairs, shivering from the cold and dream that all this is not in vain, that, sitting here on the step, I am preparing the distant sunrise of the Renaissance. I dreamed both simply and in verse, and the result was boring iambs.
"The extraordinary adventures of Julio Jurenito and his students"
I have always wondered if there are many such authors in the world who have written only one book in their entire life. There are many writers who are remembered for just one book, but this is a little different, I would like to remember in this note today only those who put their whole soul into a single work that left a mark on world literature and gave the right to its author to wear proud name "writer"!
As Hermione from Harry Potter said, “If I don’t know something, then I go to the library,” or to the Internet, as I did, and this is what I dug up in the end.
It turns out that such writers are negligible, mostly people whose main occupation was not writing, or who died too early.
So let's get started.
Opens our list Margaret Mitchell and her imperishable record Millions of copies, 70 reprints, translations into 37 languages, a Pulitzer Prize, a film that won 8 Oscars - not bad at all for the author of just one novel. Mitchell was a journalist and did not think about a career as a writer. However, an ankle injury made reporter work impossible for her, and Margaret began to make some sketchy, almost haphazard notes, which, at the insistence of her husband, she then put in order and processed for several years. , last - first. Margaret's childhood was spent surrounded by Confederate Civil War veterans, in the novel she clearly sympathizes with the southerners, and the action "Gone with the Wind" historically accurately describes events. At first, the author planned to call the novel "Tote Your Heavy Bag" or "Tomorrow is Another Day", and the main character's name was Pansy..
Harper Lee- American writer, author of the cult novel, for which she received the Pulitzer Prize. The total circulation of the book is more than 30 million copies, it is included in the list of the best novels of the century. At the same time, in Lee's luggage before "Mockingbird" there are literally a couple of stories whose names you will not find anywhere. At this time, the future writer was a modest airline employee, but dreamed of devoting herself to literary work. After her high-profile debut, Lee admitted that, dumbfounded by such success, she simply could not take on anything else. To Kill a Mockingbird is to some extent an autobiography of the writer. Just like Harper, the main character of the book is a tomboy and the daughter of a lawyer in a small town in Alabama. The core of the film's plot involves a rape case, which for Lee, who was well versed in the law, was not difficult at all. And the impression of the Scottsboro case remained with her for the rest of her life. The prototype of the friend of the main character was her childhood friend Truman Capote. By the way, they say that he wrote either part or even the entire novel instead of Harper. Since the writer didn't really write anything after her debut, many critics, and even publisher Harper, quite began to allow the theory of Lee's co-authorship with his best friend. But the strongest evidence to the contrary is the existence of a letter that Capote addressed to his aunt, which says that he saw the manuscript of To Kill a Mockingbird and had nothing to do with writing it.
Rightfully next on our list is Shota Rustaveli- the author of the main Georgian poem "". Written in the 12th century, when many nations were still practically walking in skins, the poem is a synthesis of a complex metaphorical plot, ideological value, aphorism, dramatic intensity and a sixteen-syllable verse. Rustaveli's work is often compared to Faust and Hamlet, but also to folk epics.
The fate of the author himself is very confused. It is almost certain that Queen Tamara was the love of his life. After her death, the persecuted Rustaveli fled to Jerusalem, where he died. Today, theaters, streets (including the main street of Tbilisi), villages, ships, etc. are named after Shota Rustaveli - the author of only one work that has come down to us.
Famous French Francois Rabelais lived in the 16th century. A man of his time, he was a healer, a wandering monk, an archaeologist, a naturalist, and, of course, a satirical writer. Rabelais created only one work, however, in five books. Of course, this man had both courage and a sense of humor. The book ridicules human vices that have not changed much since the 16th century, and it is for this reason that Gargantua and Pantagruel is still published all over the world.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov known to all of us from school thanks to the only play he wrote "". Griboyedov had some literary experience; together with other authors, he wrote small literary parodies and satirical plays. All this did not go beyond amateurism, writing as a hobby. Recall that Griboedov served as a diplomat and was not a professional writer. Nothing foreshadowed that such a masterpiece as "Woe from Wit" would be born from amateur philological exercises. And here he was born.
Nikolai Ostrovsky was a very popular Soviet writer. His only novel "" about the formation of the young Soviet state and the role of youth in this process was included in the school curriculum for decades. Films have been made based on the novel. The author himself during his lifetime was awarded the Order of Lenin for his literary work. Ostrovsky was very ill, paralyzed and blind. Readers' admiration was caused not so much by his literary skill as by the courage and perseverance with which he worked. His life was the most realistic illustration for his novel.
Emily Bronte She also wrote only one novel in her entire life, but what a novel! .«» (English Wuthering Heights) - the only novel of the poetess and her most famous work. An exemplary plot, innovative use of multiple narrators, attention to the details of rural life, combined with a romantic interpretation of natural phenomena, a vivid imagery and a reworking of the conventions of the Gothic novel, make Wuthering Heights a benchmark of late romanticism and a classic work of early Victorian literature. The first edition of the novel was auctioned in 2007 for £114,000 (more than $235,000)
On our list today and Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky- Russian utopian philosopher, revolutionary democrat, scientist, literary critic, essayist and writer. The only work of the author, apart from short stories and journalism, is the novel "". The novel was written during imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress of St. Petersburg (one must somehow be distracted, in fact). It was written partly in response to Ivan Turgenev's novel Fathers and Sons. The commission, and after it the censors, saw only a love line in the novel and gave permission for publication. The oversight of the censorship was soon noticed, and the responsible censor was removed from office. However, the novel had already been published in the journal Sovremennik (1863, Nos. 3-5). Despite the fact that the issues of Sovremennik, in which the novel What Is to Be Done? were printed, were banned, the text of the novel in handwritten copies was distributed throughout the country and caused a lot of imitation.
John Silas Reid(English John Silas Reed; October 22, 1887, Portland, USA - October 19, 1920, Moscow, RSFSR) - American journalist, socialist, author of the famous book Ten Days That Shook the World (1919). A book by American journalist John Reed about The October Revolution of 1917 in Russia, which he himself witnessed.
John Reed died in 1920, shortly after the book was finished. He is one of the few Americans buried in the necropolis near the Kremlin wall, where only the most prominent Soviet leaders were usually buried. Also in the Nevsky district of St. Petersburg, a street is named after the writer.
M. Ageev(real name Mark Lazarevich Levy, at various periods of his life he also used patronymics Leontyevich and Ludvigovich - Russian writer, Germanic philologist, translator, Soviet foreign trade figure. Known as the author of the novel For a long time, the question of the authorship of the book remained unresolved. Popular was the version of Nikita Struve , which attributed "Affair with Cocaine" to Vladimir Nabokov. The authorship of the work remained controversial until recently, but in 1997 Mark Levy's letters were published, containing, among other things, draft fragments of the novel
Open All-Russian Intellectual Olympiad "Our Heritage"
School tour 2017/18 (grades 5-7)
TEST
1. In
A. Login
B. Nickname
B. Synonym
A. Zhitkov B.S.
B. Marshak S.Ya.
V. Nosov N.N.
G. Uspensky E.N.
A. Tale
B. Story
V. Roman
G. Tom
4. The capital of Sweden. The famous writer Astrid Lindgren lived in this city:
A. Copenhagen
B. Oslo
V. Stockholm
City of Helsinki
A. Almanac
B. Atlas
B. Catalog
G. Coloring
A. "Gelsomino in the Land of Liars", "The Adventures of Pinocchio", "The Adventures of Chipolino"
B. "Live Hat", "Dunno on the Moon", "Deniskin's Stories"
V. "Holidays in Prostokvashino", "Crocodile Gena and his friends", "Mishkina porridge"
A. Aivazovsky I.K.
B. Vasnetsov Yu.A.
V. Malevich K.S.
G. Michelangelo B.
was printed...
A. Ivan Kulibin
B. Ivan Fedorov
V. Kuzma Minin
G. Nikolai Karamzin
A. 1
B. 2
AT 3
G. 4
A. Bambi
B. Leader of the Redskins
W. Mowgli
G. Rikki-tikki-tavi
LOGICS
1. Six vowels fell out of the proverb, restore it:
2. How many quadrilaterals are in the picture?
_________________________
LIBRARY
IBBLIOTEAC
IBBLIOTAEK
IBLBIOTEK
____________________________
4. Fill in the empty cells.
2 29 13 (BY L I N A) 10 15 1
19 12 1 (. . . . . .) 9 12 1
7. Arrange the letters in the cells so that you get the author and the bird, one of the heroines of his works.
A B C L N O O R S
________________________
___________________________
10. Solve the metagram by writing both words in the answer
I am a folk creation
Entertainment for kids.
Replace only a letter for me -
In the teacher's hand.
___________________
Full name _________________________________ Class___________________
READING
Libraries first appeared in the ancient East. Usually the collection of clay tablets, approximately 2500 BC, is called the first library. e., found in the temple of the Babylonian city of Nippur. In one of the tombs near Egyptian Thebes, a box with papyri from the Second Intermediate Period (XVIII-XVII centuries BC) was found. During the era of the New Kingdom, Ramesses II collected about 20,000 papyri. The most famous ancient Eastern library is a collection of cuneiform tablets from the palace of the Assyrian king of the 7th century BC. e. Ashurbanipal in Nineveh. The main part of the plates contains legal information. In ancient Greece, the first public library was founded in Heraclea by the tyrant Clearchus (4th century BC).
The Library of Alexandria became the largest center of ancient literature. It was created in the III century BC. e. Ptolemy I and was the center of education of the entire Hellenistic world. The Library of Alexandria was part of the mouseĩon (museum) complex. The complex included living rooms, dining rooms, reading rooms, botanical and zoological gardens, an observatory and a library. Later, medical and astronomical instruments, stuffed animals, statues and busts were added to it, which were used for teaching. The mouseĩon included 200,000 papyri in the Temple (almost all libraries of antiquity were attached to temples) and 700,000 documents in the School. The museum and most of the Library of Alexandria were destroyed around 270 AD.
In the Middle Ages, the monastic libraries were the centers of literacy, in which scriptoria operated. Not only the Holy Scriptures and the writings of the Church Fathers were copied there, but also the works of ancient authors. During the Renaissance, Renaissance figures literally “hunted” for Greek and Latin texts preserved in monasteries. Due to the enormous cost of manuscripts and the laboriousness of their production, books were chained to library shelves.
The invention of the printing press and the development of printing brought enormous changes in the appearance and activity of libraries, which were now more and more different from archives. Library collections are beginning to grow rapidly. With the spread of literacy in modern times, the number of library visitors also grows.
In total, there are approximately 130 million titles of books in libraries today.
Text taken from Wikipedia
1. Clay 2. Cuneiform 3. Papyrus 4. Effigies
ALEXANDRIA | ASSYRIA | BABYLON | EGYPT |
Workshop for copying manuscripts, mainly in monasteries.
WORD
"SUBSCRIPTION"
≥4 | ||||
Preview:
KEYS TO THE SCHOOL TOUR Grades 5-7
TEST
1. In fictitious name by which the author signs the work:
B. Nickname
V. Nosov N.N.
3. Large Narrative Fiction with Complex Plot:
V. Roman
Capital of Sweden. The famous writer Astrid Lindgren lived in this city:
V. Stockholm
5. An album containing images of various objects (maps, drawings, drawings), serving for educational or practical purposes:
B. Atlas
6. Select the option where the works written by one author are indicated:
G. "Song of the Prophetic Oleg", "Ruslan and Lyudmila", "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel"
7. Last name of a famous children's book illustrator:
B. Vasnetsov Yu.A.
8. The first printed book in Russia "Apostle", dated 1564,was printed...
B. Ivan Fedorov
9. The works of how many foreign writers are listed in the list: “Wild Swans”, “Uncle Fyodor, a dog and a cat”, “Kashtanka”, “Humpbacked Horse”, “Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof”, “Chuk and Gek "?
B. 2
10. Based on the quote, determine the title of the work: “- Having thrown off the skin, you will not fit into it again. Such is the Law of the Jungle, said Kaa.
W. Mowgli
KEYS TO LOGIC
_____________________________
2. How many quadrangles are in the picture?
_________________________
3. What combination of letters is next?
LIBRARY
IBBLIOTEAC
IBBLIOTAEK
IBLBIOTEK
____________________________
4. Fill in the empty cells.
5. Insert the missing letter so that you can read the name of the literary genre. Write this word.
6. Define the word in brackets.
1 28 12 (BY L I N A) 9 14 0
18 11 0 (. . . . . .) 8 11 0
7. Arrange the letters in the cells so that the surname of the famous Russian fabulist and one of the heroines of his works are obtained.
A B C L N O O R S
8. Guess which word is hidden in the picture (isograph):
________________________
9. Having solved the rebus, write down the title of the work and indicate its author:
___________________________
10. Remembering the literary terms, solve the metagram by writing both words in the answer, which consist of 6 letters.
The first consists of combinations of the second
The first differs from the second penultimate letter
The first has a note at the end
Reading the letters in them in the order 5432, we will see in the first fortification,
and in the second sports ground.
___________________
Full name _________________________________ Class___________________
READING
The reign of the emperors Alexander II, Alexander III and Nicholas II is the "golden years" of charity and mercy. At this time, a whole system of guardianship begins to take shape. Among the representatives of the reigning House of Romanov were real ascetics of charity and mercy: Empresses Maria Alexandrovna, Alexandra Feodorovna, Maria Feodorovna (mother of Nicholas II), Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (now the holy martyr Elizabeth), Alexandra Petrovna (now the holy nun Anastasia of Kiev), a close relative of the imperial family, Prince Peter of Oldenburg - trustee of the Kiev House of Charity for the Poor, patron of the Eye Hospital. Many members of the House of Romanov built charitable institutions, shelters and almshouses at their own expense, actively patronized charity institutions.
The tradition of Russian charity was broken by the 1917 revolution. All funds of public and private charitable organizations were nationalized in a short time, their property was transferred to the state, and the organizations themselves were abolished by special decrees.
Olympiad "Our Heritage" cooperates with the Orthodox help service "Mercy".
27 service projects are located in different parts of Moscow, and some programs extend to the whole country. The “Mercy” service is a single organism, a single service to help the most disadvantaged: lonely old people, the disabled, pregnant women who find themselves without a roof over their heads, orphans, the homeless, HIV-infected.
One of the key features of the "Mercy" service is the presence of its own infrastructure, thanks to which comprehensive, professional and long-term assistance is provided to permanent wards. St. Sophia Social Home, Rehabilitation Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy, Elizaveta Orphanage, St. Spiridonievskaya Almshouse, "House for Mom" and many other projects are non-governmental non-profit institutions that are part of the "Mercy" service.
80% of the service "Mercy" exists on donations, so the fate of all those whom the service helps depends on how regularly funds are received from philanthropists. The service "Mercy" has about 400 permanent wards - those whom the employees of "Mercy" take care of year after year. These are orphans who are brought up in orphanages and state boarding schools, lonely old people in an almshouse, disabled adults in a psycho-neurological boarding school, and others. In just a year, the Mercy service helps more than 20,000 people in need.
It would be great if at least once a year each participant of our Olympiad consciously refuses, for example, from buying ice cream and transfers these funds to support one of the Mercy services.https://miloserdie.help/projects/ .
Together we can do a lot of good things.
1. Fill in the table. Under each word, write down the corresponding word or its number from the list (1 point per match):
1. Almshouse 2. Monasticism 3. Ophthalmology 4. Home
ALEXANDRA | PETER | SPIRIDON | SOFIA |
2. Identify the word from the description (2 points):
___________________________ - transfer of land, industrial enterprises, banks, transport or other property owned by private individuals to the ownership of the state.
3. Fill in the table (2 points for correct filling. Words must be in the correct case and written without errors):
WORD
1. Make words from the letters of the word
"MERCY"
in accordance with the number of letters indicated in the previous cell. Words should be only nouns, common nouns, in the singular.
KEYS TO SCHOOL TOUR 8-11 grades Maximum 10 points for each task. Maximum 40 points for work. Time to write the paper 30 minutes TEST 1 . In 1868, the famous journal Otechestvennye Zapiski began to be edited by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, G.Z. Eliseev and Russian poet, writer and publicist, author of the poems "Frost, Red Nose", "Russian Women", the poem "Grandfather Mazai and Hares". Name it: B. Nekrasov N.A. 2. In 1868, Samarkand was occupied by Russian troops and annexed to the Russian Empire, and became the center of the Zeravshan district, which was transformed into the Samarkand region in 1887. On the territory of which modern state is the city of Samarkand located? G. Uzbekistan 3. Russian ethnographer, anthropologist, biologist and traveler who studied the indigenous population of Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania, including the Papuans of the northeastern coast of New Guinea: V. Miklukho-Maklay N. N. 4. What nickname did Emperor Alexander III receive from his contemporaries? B. Peacemaker 5. In 1880, a monument was erected in Moscow, created with public donations by the sculptor A.M. Opekushin. To whom is the monument dedicated, to which “the folk path will not overgrow”? G. Pushkin A.S. 6. What name did the wife of Nicholas II, born Princess Victoria Alice Elena Louise Beatrice of Hesse-Darmstadt, take when joining Orthodoxy? A. Alexandra Fedorovna 7. How many children were in the family of Nicholas II? D. four girls and a boy 8. During the years of which war did the crossing of the Danube, the siege of Plevna, the defense of Shipka, the battle at Sheinovo take place? B. Russian-Turkish 9. From the list provided, select a discovery that was made at the end of the 19th century: B. Periodic system of chemical elements of Mendeleev 10. Select a list that lists works that appeared in the second half of the 19th century: G. The epic novel "War and Peace", the painting "Bogatyrs", the monument "Millennium of Russia" KEYS TO LOGIC 1.
Book
-
key
To knowledge
2. 22 3. IBLIBAOTEK (the first and last letters are moved one letter towards each other) In the first cell - the product of the numbers in the two previous cells, in the second - the sum of the same numbers. 5. TRAGEDY 6. TALE 7. KRYLOV - CROW 8. WRITER 9. Ruslan and Lyudmila, Pushkin 10. STROPH-STRING KEYS FOR READING 1. Fill in the table. Under each word, write down the corresponding word or its number from the list (1 point per match): 1. Almshouse 2. Monasticism 3. Ophthalmology 4. Home
2. Identify the word from the description (2 points): NATIONALIZATION - transfer of land, industrial enterprises, banks, transport or other property belonging to private individuals to the ownership of the state. 3. Fill in the table (2 points for correct filling. Words must be in the correct case and written without errors): KEYS TO WORDS RICE ROL FOREST CHALK ODR GENUS DOL COM MPA ROM SCRAP MOL SOP HOUSE PEACE LIS LADY VILLAGE MIRO SEA IDOL CIDER TRACK CASE LORD MORS RELAY IRIS SIDOR DEMOS RADISH DEALER LEADER SMERD SOLID IRMOS SADDLE MY LORD MY LADY CRAFT POWER METER DIVIDEND |
Search
We may notify you of new articles,