Production of black caviar. Russian island house. What is useful black caviar

The main place of mining of black caviar (90% of world production) is the Caspian Sea. The mining is also conducted in the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, the Black Sea region, the lowerland of the Danube, the Amur region and in the Chinese province of Heilongjiang, in which Cupid flows.

There are three main types of black caviar for fish producers: firing, sturgeon and seryll. The largest and most valuable - firing caviar. Fishes distinguish six stages of caviar maturity. Usually, the fourth stage goes on the grainy caviar, the third is on the path, and the second one is on the washes. In fish farms, maturity is determined by the selection of small portions of caviar by a special probe.

In most commercial fish farms, caviar harvest, selecting it by the method of "milking", cutting the eggs and keeping the life of females (method S. B. Pillows). Another method - "Caesarean section" of labor crews, and does not allow working with large production parties of fish. The traditional method of obtaining caviar - a slaughter of females of sturgeon fish, is used when catching wild sturgeon fish, as well as in some farms.

Composition of black caviar

Black caviar almost 50% consists of water. About 30% make up proteins, 13% - fatty acids and about 5% are inorganic substances. This product is rich in vitamins B, C, E, RR, as well as vitamin D, which is not in Red Cara. Black Icra contains a large amount of polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, as well as many minerals, such as magnesium, zinc, calcium, iodine, sodium, silicon, iron and others.

Use black caviar

First of all, the black caviar is good for health as a source of valuable (irreplaceable) amino acids and fatty acids. Omega-3 and Omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids are necessary for normal operation of the cardiovascular system. These compounds contribute to a decrease in low-density lipoproteins ("bad cholesterol") in the blood, thereby reducing the likelihood of the development of atherosclerotic changes in the vessels. In addition, Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have a regulating effect on metabolic processes in the body, strengthen the nervous and immune system, and also have an anti-inflammatory effect and normalize blood pressure.

Black caviar will be useful for people with a lack of iron. Pregnant women have an increased danger of developing iron deficiency anemia, so black caviar will be especially useful in the mind of the high content of iron in it. Also during pregnancy, many women experience calcium deficit. As is known, calcium is absorbed by the body using vitamin D.

The use of a large number of products of rich in calcium will be meaningless if a pregnant woman has a shortage of vitamin D. in black Icra contains a sufficient amount of this vitamin. Regular use of black caviar (one small sandwich with caviar per day) significantly improves the condition of bone tissue. In addition, in black Icra contains phosphorus, which is also necessary for the formation of bone tissue. A sufficient admission to the Phosphorus body has a beneficial effect on the work of the nervous system and helps to cope with such states as insomnia and mental overwork.

Harm black caviar

The damage of black caviar is mainly due to the method of its canning and storage. The product itself for a person is almost harmless, except in cases where there is an individual intolerance to any components of the caviar.

Black caviar is canned, as part of which there is a lot of salt. Therefore, excessive use leads to a violation of the water-salt balance, which is harmful, especially for hypertensive and persons suffering from chronic kidney diseases.

In addition to salt, in black Icra contains various preservatives and possibly taste amplifiers, which is also unsafe for human health.

In children, black caviar can contribute to the development of allergic reactions, since this product contains a large amount of protein.

How do black caviar make?

The first stage: the birth of a new life.

There is a selection of suitable females and males sturgeon. They are placed in a special mode: water temperature for 35-40 days decreases from 24 degrees to 4-6 (this is wintering mode), then rises to 16 degrees, and for about 30 hours ovulation occurs. The pituitary of Sazan or bream is riveted by the fish, then the peritoneum is cut with a small knife (the caviar fish is directly in the abdominal cavity). With the help of a tube with a syringe at the end of the females take the caviar. In fact, the fish is milked like a cow. Icra is mixed with sperm and translated into trays.

6-7 days after the start of the incubation, larvae appear. They are withstanding 2 weeks without feeding, feed on their own protein. After 10 days, the larvae is achieved in weight 700-800 mg.

A sturgeon lives in salted water, and multiply in the Fresh. In nature, the performance is very low: part of the caviar devours the fish, the part dies due to ecology. For example, we have only 2% of the fools reach the Caspian Sea.

The pituitary-brain appendage, producing hormones that regulate growth, metabolism and reproductive function. 1 gram of sturgeon pituitary costs 130-150 dollars, but it is very difficult to find in a sturgeon head. The pituitary is dried, it is kept in acetone, it is frozen into powder, then diluted with water and cries the fish.

Stage two

After 4 months, the fry is achieved in weight 150-160 grams and are translated into a neighboring workshop, designed for 30 tons of sturgeon, that is, 8 thousand heads.

The hybrid of Russian and Siberian sturgeon to 3 years weighs 10 kg. Russian is lagging behind in growth (in 1.5 years its mass is only 3.5 kg), but cares of life-lost for 4-5 years.

Technological scheme for installing a closed water supply (UZB):

1. Pools with fish, dirty water from which goes into the cleaning unit. In addition to feces, the fish allocates ammonia and carbon dioxide through the gills.
2. Cleaning unit:

• Drum mechanical filter that removes suspension: Fish feces and non-eaten feed (if there is such)
• Biological filter consisting of substrate polyethylene filler (small polyethylene wheels). Water passing through the filter is cleaned with the help of bacteria from ammonia and nitrites,
• Ultraviolet processing where water disinfection passes,
• Aericanal, where water with a bubble air is purified from carbon dioxide and is saturated with oxygen,
• The pump feeding clean and oxygen-saturated water into the pools with fish. Water in the process of cleaning is heated or cooled to the desired temperature.

The control is automated, in different sections of the UzV, there are oxygen level sensors, temperature sensors, water motion sensors. In case of an emergency (stopping of pumps, the drop in the oxygen level), alarm is triggered and all necessary measures are taken to eliminate the problem.

Stage Third

Here the fish lives to his death. You can already take caviar from it. Caviar receive all year round. The herd examines 3-4 months, during which time it becomes gray black. Then the fish is picked up with a special tube and take out several eggs to check the quality. If all is well, fish are prepared for cutting.

Fourth Stage: Pre-sale preparation

Fish is washed, selected to reproduction or on meat and caviar. If the fish is designed to slaughter, it gets the head with a hammer. Then the gills are removed, and the sturgeon is suspended for the tail to the glass all the blood. Then she goes into recycling. Fish cut and get caviar! Then through the grid, the eggs are separated from fat and films.

The grainy sturgeon caviar is not subject to heat treatment, and its storage period is very short. In nature, the season of sturgeon is not lasting all year round, so there was a problem: how to maintain the gastronomic qualities of caviar for at least a few months.

Then the caviar is put in a special jar and cover the lid. Icra is pressed. To remove all moisture, the jar is laid under the press. This is all technical packaging. Then they get these cans with caviar and packaged already in jars for shops.

And now the most interesting. The cost of caviar when you get it out of fish only 10 dollars per kg! The most expensive in Ires is a jar. Yes, all these glass beautiful jars are actually more expensive than the caviar itself. In the process of packaging and processing, the caviar is becoming more expensive at 10 times - expensive preservative, expensive banks that are ordered in Italy. At the exit from the factory a kilogram of caviar costs 100 dollars. And then it is sold. The price for the wholesale buyer in the factory is on average 1000 dollars per kilogram. Well, in our stores caviar begins to cost $ 3,000 - delivery, customs and cheating stores.

Types of sturgeon black caviar

It is curious that in reality, the real black caviar is not absolutely black in color, rather, even on the contrary: the lighter caviar, the more valuable. Icresses of sturgeon fish differs in chemical composition and for a number of other properties: the size and color of the iconic, the strength or elasticity of their shells, and, of course, to taste.

Each type of caviar has its place in the "Igor hierarchy", and therefore its price. This explains, first of all, a rarity or, on the contrary, the numerous one or another. However, in the conditions of artificial reproduction of sturgeon, the factor of rarity is leveled by human activity, so some manufacturers do not comply with the price gradation, in which, for example, the serenity of the caviar must cost cheaper. In our opinion, this is fairly fair, because each type of caviar has its own advantages and their connoisseur.

1. The first place belongs to the Yerac Beluga. This fish is the largest of sturgeon and the most valuable. Previously, it was famous for its sizes - it could reach 6 meters long and weigh over 600 kilograms - but, unfortunately, in modern conditions in the wild, this fish is not able to grow to such sizes. More than 25% of the weight of Beluga falls on caviar. Beluga's females reach sexual maturity at about twenty-five years old and can not throw caviar every year. Beluga's life expectancy can be more than 100 years.

Thanks to the enormous size of the individuals of the caviar Beluga, it is usually more than that of other sturgeon, it is valued above all over large eggs (up to 3.5 mm) and a thin shell. Calf color can vary from light gray to almost black. The brightest caviar is the most expensive, although the taste that experts describe as the "fine aroma of the sea" should not depend on the color.

1. The second place is sturgeon. The length of the sturgeon is able to grow up to 2 meters and weigh up to 200 kilograms, although usually adult fishery weigh from 20 to 80 kilograms. Life expectancy - from 60 to 80 years. Sturgeon grown in warm waters of fishing reaches puberty already at the age of 8-10 years. Even young sturgeon of eggs are large and mostly dark golden shade. The color of sturgeon caviar can be completely different: from dark gray to dark brown and gold. With the age of fish, the color of the caviar changes on light amber, and it acquires an extremely thin smell, described as "Walnut with cream."
2. The third place is given to the Severge. This is the smallest of commercial sturgeon fish. Rarely when it reaches 1.5 meters long and weighs, as a rule, no more than 25 kilograms. The female of Severy begins to postpone the caviar earlier than other fish of the sturgeon family, between the ages of 7 and 10 years, and it is believed that its caviar is the most delicious aged 18 to 22 years. Icres weight is 10-12% of fish weight. Severozhye caviar gray-black, Ikrinka small and neat. Experts appreciate her for unique, no matter what is not comparable.
3. Despite the fact that the steridi caviar is not included at all in the "royal hierarchy", the caviar of this fish is worthy of recognition by lovers of black caviar. Its small eggs of dark gray color have a subtle characteristic taste.

Types of caviar in the degree of maturity and processing

• Grainy. For the manufacture of a grainy caviar, only the best mature sturgeon calf is used. Ikrinka must be strong, elastic, homogeneous in size and color. Such caviar is sued in a dry way. Grainy caviar consists of whole cheeks, easily separated from each other.
• Pasteurized. Pasteurized grainy sues dry way. The caviar is packaged into glass jars, after which they are sealed and exposed to heat processing - pasteurize. The main purpose of pasteurization is an increase in the shelf life of the product. Pasteurized caviar can be stored until 24 months, without losing nutrient and beneficial properties. As a result of heat treatment, the crook is becoming more tight, and the taste is less bright. Such a caviar likes people who do not really like seafood with a pronounced fish flavor.
• Washing. A jaws is a natural shell in which Ikrinka are located. The jastial caviar is arched right in it, cutting the jaws on the stripes and immersing them in a hot brine. This is the cheapest view of the black caviar. She often happens. It is quite difficult to find a jool caviar for sale: due to low demand, it is practically not produced.
• Pausted. For the manufacture of pausy caviar, a caviar is used, not suitable for the production of grainy. This caviar, in contrast to the grainy and pasteurized, is caught in hot brine, after which it is usually dried and pressed to be a homogeneous mass. We note, however, that some manufacturers refuse traditional briquettes in favor of glass containers.

Types of Packing Icres

• Packaged. Caviar faces in glass or tin jars. The cannon caviar is the best, it has a gentle, but pronounced taste and pleasant consistency.
• Weight (barrel). Running caviar is most often a product cooked by handicraft, and you can find it in the markets or dubious sellers. Bocke caviar has a rough texture, often it is incorrectly processed, and its storage rules are not always compliant. In addition, harmful preservatives are often added to the best preservation in the commodity barrel caviar, which affects not only taste, but also on the quality of the product. We do not recommend purchasing such caviar.

How to choose caviar correctly?

1. Price. Black caviar is not cheap. Fair price - from 2500 to 4000 rubles per 50 grams, depending on the variety. The path of caviar is usually faced into larger jars or in a special hermetic packaging - as a rule, weight is 120-125 grams. Standard packaging of the path of the pajra costs 5000-7000 rubles. If you see caviar, which is much cheaper, do not even doubt - you want to deceive.
2. Manufacturer. For many years, black caviar mined at sea - mainly in Caspian. However, today sturgeon is bred in aquacultural enterprises. Uncontrolled fish catch in natural water bodies - too heavy load for the ecosystem. Nowadays, caviar is mainly obtained from fish grown in captivity, and females after extracting caviar do not die, as before, special technologies allow you to get caviar with a gentle way. Today in Russia there are about 10 major aquaculture farms. The stores most often sell Astrakhan caviar ("Raskat", "Beluga"), Vologda ("Russian Icorny House), Volognechenskaya (" Valtorechensky Fisheries ").
3. Tara and accompanying documents. Black caviar is sold in glass and tin cans. Glass packaging will allow you to immediately assess the type of caviar, its color and grain size. Keep in mind that the pasteurized caviar in the glass jar can be kept no more than 24 months, and the Pousic - 8-9 months. Check the quality of caviar in tin container is more difficult. Experts recommend shaking the jar - if the caviar inside "hangs", if there is a feeling that the can is half filled with liquid, return it to the shelf - it is a poor quality caviar. Black caviar must be certified. The accompanying documents that necessarily provide the conscientious manufacturer on high quality of the product. They should indicate that black caviar was obtained from a sturgeon grown in aquaculture, and that it has a resolution of CITES.
4. Appearance. Some think that than Berry Ikra, the better. But in reality, the other way is, the caviar with a bright grain is more appreciated. The color of high-quality mature caviar - from silver-black to gray-brown. Black caviar is smaller red, but the size of the cheek can vary. The larger the grain, the older there was a fish, and therefore the black caviar with large cheekbones is valued above - it is more rare. Not only size is important, but also grain quality. Ikrinka must be integer, not disturbed, of one size.
5. Taste and smell. A high-quality black caviar has a very weak smell that most people can hardly catch. Strong, bright fish smell - a sign of fake or spoiled caviar. The taste of real black caviar is a gentle, weakly salted. Excess salt and pronounced bitter taste - a very bad sign. Such caviar should not eat at all if your health is expensive. The best black caviar has a saturated taste with creamy and nuts, and mustard, if present, should be barely noticeable - this is a sign of the highest quality cavities. Little to choose the best black caviar - it is also necessary to properly apply, so as not to spoil the taste.

There are two traditions of serving: Russian and European. In Russian tradition, caviar is served in large porcelain or glass vases, from where it is folded along the plates with a silver blade. In Europe, the black caviar is served in special small cranicies - vouces installed in tanks filled with chest ice (so caviar remains cold). A pearl or bone is filed to the cache, but in no case is not a metal spoon - caviar is badly adjacent to the illegory metals.

Manufacturers of black caviar in Russia

FISH FIRM "DIANA" (Brand "Russian Icorny House")

The largest and most first scuba in Russia with the greatest sturgeon population throughout Europe. It has an extremely serious approach to quality control. The fish is grown in the running water of the court river in the environmentally friendly area of \u200b\u200bthe Vologda region. Conditions are as close as possible to natural. It does not use hormones, no feed containing GMOs, and caviar is produced by a gentle alternative method that does not entail the death of the fish. Among the customers of the "Russian Icorian House" - management of the affairs of the Russian Federation, LUKOIL, Gazprom, Russian Railways and other largest companies.

"Raskat"

The fisheries is located in the Narimanovsky district of the Astrakhan region, 45 km from Astrakhan. The temperature and composition of the water in which sturgeons live as much as possible to natural. The company is engaged in growing fish in the cages and the production of high-quality black caviar since 2007.

"Yaroslavsky" (brand "Gorkunov")

A sturgeon fish, located in the Yaroslavl region, produces a malicious method. Fish is grown in a technological closed system in purified water. Each party of caviar is careful. To preserve the best taste in the manufacture of caviar, the minimum amount of salt is used.

Rzhevsky fishing complex (brand "Caspian Gold")

The company's company was produced quite recently, in 2014. Rzhevsky fishing complex produces a low-salted sturgeon caviar with a slaughte. The main rules of caviar are not subjected to pasteurization and require special storage conditions.

Volgoriechensky fisheries

One of the oldest enterprises in Russia of this kind - the production of black caviar here began in 1974. Icra is obtained by a dairy method. During the production of the product, preservatives are not used, only the caviar itself and a small amount of salt. And fish, and the final product pass veterinary control.

How much is a kilogram of black caviar?

Regardless of all the considered parameters, the high-quality black caviar is an elite expensive product. At the moment, a kilogram of black caviar in Moscow can be bought at a price of 40,000 to 90,000 rubles. For comparison, the same amount of red salmon fish caviar will cost 2500 rubles, that is, dozens of times cheaper. Nevertheless, the price of black sturgeon caviar in Russia cannot be called excessive: in Europe and the USA, the cost of this delicacy begins from two thousand dollars per kilogram.

The price of caviar Beluga

Beluga caviar is the very rarest kind of "black gold", so it is quite difficult to buy it in stores and it is expensive. So, the price of 100 grams of firing caviar can hesitate from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles, and kilogram - up to 150,000 rubles.

Price on black sturgeon caviar

As already mentioned, the Icra of Sturgeon is one of the most valuable types of black. The price of it begins from 45 000 rubles For 1 kilogram, with such a cost relevant only for large packaging (500-1000 g). A small storm jar will cost at least 5,000 rubles, that is, already 50 000 rubles per 1 kg. If we talk about the black sturgeal chart of the highest category obtained from individuals at least 15 years of age, then its price will be already from 60 000 rubles for 1 kg or 7000 rubles For 100 grams.

How much is a kilogram of black serenity caviar?

In Moscow, the Ikra Serylli will cost Gourmet from 50 000 rubles per kilogram with a large packing, and a small jar for 100 grams will cost from 6000 rubles.

How much is Ikra sterlidi?

Cost of caviar sterling a little lower than sturgeon - from 40 thousand rubles per kilogram. Small packing of black caviar will cost more: the price will be at least 4500 For 100 grams.

American photographer and journalist Karl Middans (Carl Mydans), which was one of the first five photoconductors of the famous Life magazine, at the end of 1959 went to the USSR. Winter Middans spent in Moscow, where he made a series of stunning pictures of and her. And in April 1960 he went to Astrakhan, where the process of catching sturgeon and mining black caviar in the USSR was captured.

In 1960, when Karl Midance came to one of the largest fisheries of the USSR - Astrakhan Fish-Refrigeration Combine, 93% of all the production of sturgeon and fibrahi caviar accounted for the Soviet Union. Then the grainy caviar of sturgeon fish produced in the USSR was rightly considered the best in the world, and the phrase "black caviar" was one of the main associations with our country.

Fishermen, including women, catch a sturgeon network in the Volga delta. To preserve the population of sturgeon, its catch was allowed only two months a year.

In the mid-1950s, the construction of power plants and numerous hydraulosles and gateways began on the Kaspian rivers, which "cut off" sturgeon from their spawning places in fresh water. The second negative factor, radically influenced the situation with sturgeon, became poaching. To restore the sturgeon population in 1959, the Government began to invest in the construction of incubatories in the former places of spawning.

By the mid-60s, the sturgeon population has stabilized. And the Astrakhan fishing fabor did not have anything else, how to establish as quickly and efficient production of black caviar.

Many fishermen came from neighboring Kazakhstan. According to the observations of Middes, Russian and Kazakh fishermen well and well worked together, with one team.

Ikra is removed from the still fish, so fishermen are devoured by her batons, standing in water.

Given the value and fragility of caviar, Midance was simply struck by the cruel appeal of fishermen with fish, producing it. "When the boats with a floating fish arrived at the plant, men in rubber costumes, usually two, climbed into the boats and, standing on the belt in the water, have grabbed the finishing fish behind the head, raised her over the water and jammed with wooden batons. Strokes seem fatal, but already inside the majority of Rybin still slide along the concrete floor and seem quite alive, "the photographer recorded his observations.

In Soviet times, most of the caviar received, scoring fish. Today, when the sturgeon is grown at the aquaculture enterprises, they are trying to use for a minimum - it's just unprofitable.

The plant worker plows the belly of sturgeon to extract caviar. About whether there is a caviar in fish, it is known in advance. Fish without caviar immediately sends further recycling.

The rolled fish, without caviar, is waiting for departure to smoking, freezing or conservation shop.

Employees of the plant are purified by fresh sturgeon.

Caviar sieved before decomposing on banks.

The most valuable caviar is the grainy canister of Beluga and sturgeon. The grainy is called caviar consisting of integers, undeformed grains, easily separated from one another. The cannon caviar, in turn, is manufactured from the grain of the highest quality, sorted by magnitude and color.

Packaging Icres on glass banks for export.

The demonstration of the plant by the American photojournalist, of course, worked for the installation of the Soviet government to submit a country with a worthy competitor on the global economic arena. Accompanying Middas - experts in the field of propaganda tourism - knew exactly how to impress the Western guest. The rows of neatly dressed women weighing and packageing caviar, and tables, tested by endless banks with one of the most expensive products in the world appeared before Midas.

Weighing caviar and packaging by banks.

The caviar was packaged into tin cans with a capacity of up to 2 kg with an impending lid. Laying caviar in banks is a very responsible operation, on which the quality of caviar quality depends during transportation and storage. Banks were sure to fill with excess and without forming emptiness in them so that no air remains and the mold did not appear, the worsening taste and smell of caviar. The surface of the caviar, pressed by a lid, was to be above the edge of the case at least 1 cm.

The final destination of black caviar is a festive table, designed to demonstrate that the socialist economy may not be simply functional, but also luxurious. In Soviet times, black caviar, although it was also expensive, more or less regularly appeared on the tables even ordinary Soviet engineers.

After the collapse of the USSR, the ancient industry began to fall apart, poaching poaching was fluffy. In 2005, the industrial catch of sturgeon fish in the Volga-Caspian basin was completely banned, with the exception of a small catch for scientific purposes. Now only caviar is considered to be led from fish grown on specially built sturgeon farms for this.

Irina Kamshilina

Prepare for someone much more pleasant than for yourself))

Content

Eggs of sturgeon fish (eggs) are very valued on the world market, in most countries they are related to "elite" products. Black caviar can be a path or grainy, the use of this product is useful in any form. A rich stock of vitamins and amino acids has a positive effect on human health. The main place of production is the Caspian Sea, as well as the Danube, Amur region and the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov.

What is black caviar

Kaviar (Other Product Name) - Fish Eggs that are eaten. There are six stages of their maturity, but the grainy eggs of the fourth stage arrive. By the manufacturer's method, such varieties of the product are distinguished:

1. Granular can and barrel. It does not need pasteurization, consists of whole grains, with ease of separation from each other.
2. Pousic. It is done in salt solution, constantly stirring. Ready eggs must be pressed.
3. Sundayful. Preparation occurs through a strong ambulance, without separating the grain from the connective tissue.

Which fish is black caviar

Beluga, sturgeon, sterlet, Bester is a fish that is a Kaviara supplier. Belt - is considered one of the most valuable and expensive. About 25% of its weight falls on eggs. This species has a thin shell and largest grains. A sturgeon delicacy has a dark brown or golden color, a large size, source of a thin aroma of the sea. Sterlet - a little fish with black caviar, whose eggs have a dark gray color and refined taste.

Structure

The use of black caviar is indisputable for the human body. Its consumption is recommended both adults and children. The product can be eaten with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, people on a diet. Saturated fatty acids, vitamins and trace elements contained in this delicacy, strengthen the body, give energy. The percentage of beneficial substances in the product is presented in the table.

Calorie

Delicates is rich in protein and useful fat. The product does not have "empty" calories, so it is recommended to use a diet. Calorie caviar without additives is 200-250 kcal per 100 g. When adding vegetable oil, energy value can grow to 400 kcal. 100 g of fish eggs contains:

• proteins - 24.6 g;
• fats - 17.9 g;
• carbohydrates - 4 g;
• wATER - 47.5

What is useful black caviar

It has long been considered one of the most nutrient and balanced products. In Ira, there are almost all substances necessary for the development of the human body. This is a lining agent that has a positive effect on the work of a brain, which improves blood circulation and reduce the risk of thrombus. Caviar is useful in atherosclerosis and urolithiasis. The product improves the memory, increases hemoglobin, stimulates the output of excess fluid from the body.

For women

The composition of sturgeon eggs is very valued by manufacturers of cosmetics. Delicates improves the complexion, stimulates regenerating processes, accelerates wound healing, makes skin more elastic, struggling with signs of aging gives a healthy look. Caviar Actively uses such famous stamps:

• Diademin;
• Ingrid Millet;
• La Prairie;
• Mirra Suite;
• Ash;
• Penovia Botanica.

Delicacy for pregnant women is very useful. Omega-3 and Omega-6 provide support to the body. During the tooling of a child, women often observe iron deficiency anemia, a lack of calcium, so doctors recommend to include caviar to their diet. The product increases hemoglobin, reduces pressure and cholesterol levels, reduces swelling. Magnesium included in its composition helps for convulsions, and folic acid stabilizes bleeding, stimulates the normal development of tissues and kid organs.

For men

In its composition, delicacy contains a large number of arginine, amino acids, which has a positive effect on male potency. Its constant use can rejuvenate and make the body healthier. Caviar should be included in the daily diet to men who work physically and have problems with digestive organs.

For kids

The real black caviar can be given to children from three years. The product needs a growing body as a source of vitamins and minerals. Calcium contributes to the normal development of the bones of the child, and magnesium prevents the appearance of convulsion. Due to ascorbic acid, the product increases immunity, positively affects the vision of children. Delicates improve mental activity, which is especially useful for small schoolchildren.

Harm and contraindications

However, given all the positive points from the use of caviar, it is impossible to use it in unlimited quantities. The eggs contain a large amount of salt, which can disrupt the water and salt balance of the body and the work of the kidneys. The product is better to use in its pure form, as preservatives and other chemical additives are capable of harming the body. Chronic kidney diseases and individual intolerance causes the ban on the use of sturgeon eggs.

Price on black caviar

The price may differ depending on the species, the method of workpiece and the sale of delicacy. The cost of the product in Astrakhan and St. Petersburg will differ several rubles. In Moscow, caviar can be ordered online, buy in food stores. When buying, follow the production date, the quality of canned packing. Popular products can harm your health. If you are interested in how much black caviar costs, look at the table below.

How to choose a black caviar

For a long time, the eggs of sturgeon fish were mined in the Caspian Sea. Aquacultural enterprises have now been created that grow fish to produce black caviar. This reduces the load on the ecosystem, allows not to kill fish. Prefer the Astrakhan, Vologda and Volgopolenic manufacturers. Quality grains should be integer, single size, silver-black or gray-brown.

The product must have an almost elusive smell. The best caviar has a rich taste with nutcases. There must be only a small mustard. Eggs of sturgeon fish are sold in glass and tin cans. To assess the quality of the delicacy in the glass container, look at the type of grains. To check the quality of the product in a tin can, shake it. If the eggs are "dangling", put the bank to the place. The product must be certified to have a SITES permission.

The dilapidated fisheries in the Vologda region went to Alexander Novikov for debts in the mid-90s. For 15 years, he invested in business more than $ 15 million and created the largest enterprise for the cultivation of sturgeon and the production of black caviar.

The commercial vein did not give the novik of the rest during the time of the USSR. A graduate of the geological exploration institute, he spent a lot of time in geological parties, and then carried away by the restoration and almost all of the 80s restored the temples. Collected brigade under the RPC contracts. "We were called with shabashniks in those days," laughs of Novikov, recalling the first experience of organizing business. In 1988, he founded the Cooperative "Moscow Business Center", became a specialist in organizing mutual transactions, so popular in the early 90s. And if it were not for the case, it would hardly please into fish farms.

For debts

"One of the enterprises to which we put galvanized steel could not pay money and gave me a small fish farm to breed Karpov in Cherepovets district of the Vologda region. At first I thought to sell it, "says Novikov. - The farm was on the verge of bankruptcy. That there was good - so this is water, the river of the court, there were no economic and industrial facilities upstream. "

Novikov said about himself that "he is meticulous": at first I decided to study everything on the fishing topic, shouted the mountain of the literature, I talked with specialists - and carried away. I decided to create a large farm for the cultivation of sturgeon. "CARP - the topic is uninteresting, - the novikov is shuffled. - I immediately decided that I would not, like others, to breed the fish just "on meat". I will grow a royal flock and I will produce caviar. "

So in 1996, a new life began at Diana's fishing engineering. According to Novikov, the republic has led to a complete restructuring of the economy - there was a new pools, workshop, laboratory. The only thing he tried to save is a team. The entrepreneur acknowledges that specialists - technologists and fishing - knew their work, knew how to handle the fish and create a team from scratch he did not have to.

According to a businessman, in the mid-90s. Nobody grown in the uterine herds to obtain sturgeon caviar. A stream of poaching caviar with the Caspian hurried to the market. Prices fell. It never occurred to anyone to create such a capital-intensive business. After all, waiting for caviar from the sturgeon accounts for 8-10 years and risks, as in any form of agriculture, extremely high. "All my acquaintances twisted your finger at the temple when I told what I am doing now," he smiles. Novikov, who was famous for the first capital in the 80s, and then earned a well-earned perestroika, did not chase after rapid money. He was fascinated by the idea.

The amount of the initial investment entrepreneur is now difficult to name. But he says that the amount of debt, for which he got Diana, was about $ 300,000. And in the first four years he has invested about $ 4 million of own funds.

Herd on ultrasound

The basis of the future royal flock was purchased at the Konakovsky sturgeon factory. In the form of fertilized eggs. So with eggs and grown. Small adult herds were bought from the flexible Soviet enterprises. The livestock "Young" was constantly increased, the part was sold simply as a product. The first 10 years the company lived through the sale of fish, realizing about 300 tons of sturgeon annually. The company's turnover at this stage did not exceed $ 3 million.

Novikov began to produce and sell sturgeon tool in 2006 in 2006. Then the "Russian Icorian House" brand appeared and the group of companies that united three Yurlitsa - a fishing engineering company (RTF) Diana, OOO Belovodier (trading and wholesale transactions) and "Russian Icorny House" (trade in caviar to retail over the online store).

On the territory of "Diana" built a processing shop, in the construction of which Novikov invested, according to him, about $ 2 million.

Now the uterine herd reached 450 tons (one part on average 10-12 kg), and the hassle with such a farm will not be worn out. Novikov says that every fishing for a year about 20 times pull out and inspect. Fish is not a bit familiar with equipment for ultrasound diagnostics. "It was necessary to learn that in Russia, then no one was able to - contain a herd," says Novikov. - With the help of ultrasound, the floor was determined, regularly examined the females to understand how they were developing. "

You will be surprised, but fish, it turns out, you can militate! The company Novikov uses two technologies for obtaining caviar - the foliage (caviar at the fifth stage of ripening is obtained by handing) and the bottom (such a way is obtained by caviar at the fourth stage of maturation). Okoyny caviar is fatigue, calorie and costs 40-45% more expensive. "But we receive no more than 15% of caviar to the bottomhole technology, it emphasizes Novikov. "And we use only weak, slowly growing fish, which makes no sense to pull the year endlessly."

For the first time, the fish gives caviar in the amount of about 10% of its own weight. Every year the caviar volume increases and can reach 20% of the weight. "In nature, the fish spawns every 4-6 years. In our conditions - every two years, "says the entrepreneur.

Novikov finds it difficult to say how many years the sturgeon can spawn. In their herd there are individuals who have been given to Caviar for more than 20 years. Their scratched sides are marked by scars from the attempts of humane receiving caviar in the USSR - it was a kind of fish cesarean section, from which, according to Novikov, the lifestyle of up to half of Rybin.

Taste and color

"Today in Russia, black caviar produces 10 aquaculture enterprises," says Oleg Klepikov, General Director of Infolio Research Group. - all sturgeon grows about 50 farms. The largest of them, according to the data on the first half of 2010, is the RTF "Diana" (Belovodye, Vologda region.) - 7, 5 tons; Fish-water company Beluga (Astrakhan) - 2 tons; "Raskat" (Astrakhan) - 1, 2 tons; Karmanovsky Rybkhoz (Bashkiria) - 900 kg; Kaluga fish farmer sturgeon complex (Kaluga region) - 200 kg.

On average, 1 kg of sturgeon caviar from Novikova costs 30,000 rubles. "But black caviar has always been a delicacy," he emphasizes. - In 2010, we sold 10, 5 tons of caviar. On the market of legal caviar was sold 16 tons, and in total, our market consumes more than 200 tons! The state only declares the fight against poachers. "

The turnover of the "Russian Icarian House" in 2010 amounted to $ 18 million, of which Icra accounts for about $ 14, 5 million through the online store. The company sells caviar in the amount of about $ 200,000.

According to the entrepreneur, the company's operational activity is spent slightly more than 60% of the turnover, everything else is allowed to develop, not made of return. Novikov plans to increase the royal flock until 2020. By that time it will be 1200 tons. The profitability of the business assesses 30-35%.

Outside the economy

"The main difficulty with which manufacturers of official black caviar are faced - this is an erroneous opinion, incorrectly formed media, that black caviar is prohibited for sale in Russia," explains Ekaterina Antoshkina, head of the marketing department and PR TD "Russian Ostr". - In fact, the caviar, mined from fish grown on its own fish farmers, has never been prohibited and has not been regulated by law. " Trading House "Russian Ostr" began working in 2008 - Icra mined on three own complexes in Russia and Germany. The company also uses two technologies of caviar production - a non-ferrous and lifetime.

Another barrier for the development of companies - manufacturers of official black caviar - poaching, says Antoshkina. "According to informal sources, about 16 tons of black caviar will be brought to Moscow every month, which is subsequently sold throughout the country. The turnover of official companies is about 12 tons per year. "Such estimates lead Anthushkina.

"The potential for the development of the production of black caviar is out of the economic plane, but completely depends on the political will of the state, - notes klepikov from Infolio Research Group. - To reverse the situation with sturgeon, it is necessary to take extraordinary measures to combat poaching and, at a minimum, to double the capacity for the reproduction of sturgeon fish. Only effective work in these areas can ensure a serious increase in the production of black caviar even on the basis of existing farms, and most importantly - to increase the investment attractiveness of the industry. "