In the fishing industry, one of the leading roles play the fish family of cream. It includes, in addition to ordinary cod, views such as Mintai, Side, Piksha and many other types of fish that can be found on the shelves of grocery stores. Cracks are distinguished by their gentle meat with a small amount of bones, because they are considered a very valuable fishing resource, and in some northern peoples they constitute the basis of the diet.

Characteristics of the family

Cracks are the smooth fish detachment of crackles. Almost all of them live in salty water and only one species - Nalim - prefers freshwater reservoirs. Representatives of this family can differ significantly in size and appearance, but they are characterized by some common features, allowing to identify the cream fish:

Cod fishes increase in size all life: some very old individuals reach almost two meters in length, but they are very rare and ordinary fish age about 10 years old reaches only 40-80 centimeters. Live these fish up to 25 years. Among the creak, there are both herbivores and felling by plankton and predators: the latter is usually larger, for example, Molva and Atlantic Crash, but among the first there are also very small fish, such as a deep-water gadikul, which does not grow more than 15 centimeters.

Habitat

Cod and her rings are distinguished by an extensive habitat, which includes almost all the water zones of the Earth, with the exception of Equatorial. Most of the species can be found in the northern seas, but some are only five - inhabit and in the waters of the southern hemisphere. A large number of ordinary cod dwells in the Baltic Sea, many breeds live in the eastern part of the Atlantic, and some species chose the coastal areas of South America, South Africa and New Zealand.

All types of cod, except for Nalima, preferring fresh reservoirs of America and Eurasia, live in the seas, but some of them have adapted to the water of moderate saline and enter the river for spawning. Basically, the grave fish live in the bottom layers of water, but at the same time prefer a small depth - about a hundred meters. Thus, their favorite places are coastal zones, shallow seas and the water of the continental shelf. In addition, they love cold (up to 10 ° C), but at the same time well-lit water.

For fish of this family, it is characterized by a few places where they live. Cods sometimes migrate on very long distances in search of a better feed and temperature regime, as well as due to changes in flows.

Food and diet

The cod crackling is quite varied, among them there are both herbivores and predatory fish. The usual cod is a carnivorous creature, but at a young age, it is Bentophage, that is, it feeds on a variety of mollusks and crustaceans from the bottom. Only to achieve 3-4 years and the end of the first spawning, it becomes a full-fledged predator, hunting on other fish.

The main cod mining is herring, Navaga, Sair, Moja, Mintai. She does not disdain and fodels of their own appearance. In the diet of some breeds include crabs, shrimps, octopuses and other representatives of the sea fauna depending on the habitat. Some small subspecies, for example, the Arctic and Kilda cod before the end of the life feed on small molluscs and crustaceans. Large views also eat worms and larvae insects.

Spawning and reproduction

Polatyat Most of the Cod reaches 3-5 yearsBut some of them, including ordinary cod, are sent to the first spawning only in 8-10 years after birth. It occurs at the end of winter or early spring, when the air temperature is about 0 ° C, and lasts for several days. The fertility of various representatives of the family is significantly different: They can postpone from several thousand to several millions of eggs.

In connection with spawning, many types of crackle migrate to new habitats - northern rocks, for example, enter the desalinated water, and some even in the mouth of the rivers. Flinks of these fish, barely hatched, are already beginning to spread over long distances by marine and oceanic flows. Baby some kinds, such as pikes, use tentacles jellyfish as protection against enemies.

Types of bitches

Total types of cod fish are 56. The classification allocates 4 subfaming and 20 genera of these creatures. Many of them are actively used by man in fishing fishery - they are especially popular among buyers due to their delicious and useful meats, almost deprived of the bones. This looks like a list of the most famous species belonging to the Cod Family:

Varieties of cod

Under the phrase "ordinary cod" usually implies three varieties of fish at once, which relate to the nature of the trinity: the Atlantic, Pacific and her subspecies - Greenland. In addition, in the newest classification, it began to include even Mixed. In a separate group, the Arctic Treats are allocated: East Eastosibirsk and Ice. Each of these fish has a number of features and differences from others.

Atlantic or northern cod - this is the largest variety of creakWhich is the length of the adult individual ranges from 40 cm to 2 m. It occurs in moderate latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean. This species is very valued not only for its meat, but also in rich in fats and vitamins the liver. In 1992, due to the reduction in the number of populations, in Canada, a ban on the catch of the Atlantic cod was introduced, and now it is listed both in the International Red Book and in the Red Book of Russia. In addition, this species includes several subspecies, among which.

(Lat. Gadidae) - Family of Cracke, dwelling in fresh and salty reservoirs of the northern hemisphere. Includes about 100 species. With the exception of Namilim, all types of marine.
Fish body family Cracked More or less elongated, coated with fine cycloid scales. All fins without barns. There are three, two or one extended. Anal two or one. The tail is completely symmetric, the base of its lanceathoid. Abdominal is located under the chest or ahead of them. The chin usually has a mustache.

Discern two group of crevars:

  1. aluminum - with one long anal and one or two dorsal fins and
  2. cracic - with two anal and three dorsal fins.

In patrimonial eggs, contain a fatty drop, and the larvae have (almost everyone) elongated abdominal fins; Crackled eggs are deprived of adolescent drops, and the larvae have normal abdominal fins. Almost all creak - marine fish, only Nalim is a constant inhabitant of freshwater.

Family Cracked Completed in the northern seas, the temperate seas of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and in the Mediterranean Sea. In Russia, cod lives in all open seas: black, Baltic, Barents, White, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Chukotka, Bering, Okhotsk and Japanese, and in fresh waters of the entire Union, except for the Crimea, the Caucasus, the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea, Pool Aral, Balkhash, Primorye and Kamchatka.

Baltic Crack - (Lat. Gadus Morhua Callarias (Linne)), Cod; TURSK (EST.); Menca (Latvian); Dorseh (it.); Watlusz (Polish); TURSKA (Fin.); Torsk (Swede, dates.).
Signs. The Baltic cod is similar to the Atlantic, but its brighter is brighter, the swimming bubble is usually a few large sizes and the peg-shaped grows in the front edge of it in adults are very long and rolled into the ball. Body coloring olive or green gray with frequent stains ...

Cod - (Lat. Gadus Morhua Morhua Linne), Pervertu (young, also adult on the White Sea); COD (eng.); Torskur (ISL.); Kabeljau, Dorsch - Young and Baltic Crack (Him.); Torsk, Skrei - spawn; Loddetorsk - washing - Finmarken; TareTorsk - Fiorior (Norv.); Raorue (Fr.).
Signs. Three spinal fins, two anal. The upper jaw is longer than the bottom. Mustache on the chin is well developed. The lateral line is light, forms an arc over breast fins. Tail fin without a notch ...

The family of crackling includes more than a hundred species of fish that are distributed for the most part in the northern hemisphere. They are all marine inhabitants, The exception is only one representative of the family - Nalimwhich is found and lives in fresh waters.

Classification

Scientific classification implies division of rocks included in the Cod Family, for two subimbirth:

  1. The suspendedness of the crackle-like 5 fins: 3 on the back and 2 more in the anal area.
  2. The subfamily of namilimo-like is distinguished by the presence of 3 fins2 of which are located on the back.

Description Cracked

Despite the diversity of rocks included in the Cod family, most of the representatives have a similar anatomical structure and behavior, all these features are discussed in the list below.

Appearance

Most representatives of the Cod family have similar external features in the following:

  1. In the back area there are 2-3 finsAs well as another 1-2 fin in the anal part.
  2. There is a developed tail fin; In various breeds, it can be merged into a single integer with anal and spinal fins or to be accurately eliminated from them.
  3. Prickly rays are missing in all fins, regardless of locationThis anatomical feature is characteristic of each representative of the family.
  4. In the field of chin There is a single mustache.
  5. Gill holes They differ in large sizes.
  6. The body is covered with small, but well adjacent to each other with scales.

Dimensions

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It attracts fish in cold and warm water with the help of pheromones, which are part of and stimulates her appetite. Suitable for both summer and winter fishing.

Representatives of the Cod Family may have different dimensions and weight depending on the specific breed.

Usually these parameters depend on the diet of a certain variety:

  1. Herbivores or felling by plankton have smaller sizes. The smallest representative of the family is considered a deep-water gadikul, living in the northern part of the Atlantic: rare specimens have a body length of 15 cm, usually does not exceed 10-12 cm.
  2. Dimensions of predatory representatives Cod family can be different, but usually they are more herbivores. Male and Atlantic cod are considered the largest rocks, the length of the body of individual individuals can reach 2 meters.

Habitat

The habitat of representatives of the Cod family is distinguished by vastness, they can be found in the following places:

  1. All seaslocated in the northern hemisphere, are the habitat of most varieties.
  2. Five varieties You can meet in the seas of the southern hemisphere.
  3. Nalim is the only breed that is found in water bodies with fresh waterlocated in North and South America, the northern part of Europe and Asia.
  4. Eastern part of the Atlantic - This is a place where a large number of breeds in the family live.
  5. In the Baltic Sea There is a large amount of cod, but it is here the only representative of the family.
  6. Coast of South America, New Zealand and South Africa are places where you can meet 3 breeds related to the crackle.

Equatorial waters are the only place where the fish are completely lacking in the Cod Family.

Diet

The diet is individual in each individual breed. Among the cracks there are predators and exclusively herbivoresThey differ in size and weight. In some varieties, the basis of the diet is zooplankton, for example, in Putassu or the Arctic cod.

Spawning

Spare in most body crackles passes in salted water, although some varieties are temporarily moved to desalinized reservoirs and only a minor part for this migrates in the river.

The main features of this process are discussed below:

  1. Most of the species reaches a warm-creation of 3-5 yearsBut the cod and some other breeds go to the first spawning of 8-10 years old.
  2. Spawning lasts for several days.
  3. Cod and Molva are distinguished by increased fecundity, at a time they are able to postpone more than a million eggs. Otherwise, Navaga breeds: during a spawning, it defits only a few thousand eggs.
  4. All grab prefer cool water, Therefore, spawning occurs in winter or in early March, when the temperature does not exceed 0 ° C.

The spread of fish occurs the surround days of their lives, because not all fry remains in the thickness of the water: many takes many places in the rapid flow streams. Fog's pikes prefer to hide behind jellyfish, which is their reliable protection from most natural enemies.

Representatives of the Cod family throughout their lives can perform several long migrations, moving over long distances. This is usually due to a decrease in the feed base in the rolled places, a change in the direction of flows or temperature regime.

Fisher

Many creak have a nutritional value, so they are bred on an industrial scale. Most of the fish is caught in the Atlantic, annual volumes reaches 6-10 million tons. Among the significant breeds, you can allocate a pike, an atlantic cod, pollock and sider: the fillet is valued and the liver containing a large amount of vitamins and nutrients. Considering the nature of the habitat of these species, the bottom trawls are applied for fishing.

Types of bitches

Cod family includes a large number of fish.The lower and well-known breed will be discussed in detail.

The gadikul is known for being one of the smallest corporal representatives, features of the breed are discussed below:

  1. Gadikul is deep-water fishwhich tries to keep the bottom surface.
  2. The main distinctive feature are big eyesThird heads.
  3. Average body sizes range from 9 to 12 cmRare specimens reach the lengths of 15 cm.
  4. Basic habitat - Mediterranean and sea, located near the northern part of Norway.
  5. Breed occurs in oceanic watersShe can dwell at a depth of 200 to 1300 meters.
  6. Specialists distinguish between the South and Northern GadikulaThe only differences lies in an anatomical structure determined by the number of vertebrals and fin rays, as well as in the habitat.

Whiting

Most of the representatives of this cream breed lives in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and tries to keep near the European coast. Sometimes Merling meets around the Crimean coasts, it hits randomly after severe storms.

Other features of this fish are discussed below:

  1. The average body length varies from 30 to 50 cmSeparate large copies grow to 60-65 cm.
  2. Merling is a predatory breedThe basis of his diet makes up marine crop, fry and small adult fish.
  3. Fishing Merlanda Salary in most northern seas.
  4. Merland has a large number of natural enemies: He enters the diet of large predators and dolphins.
  5. The depth of Merling is extremely rare, He prefers to stay in the water thicker closer to the surface.
  6. The first spawning of Mlow is departed at the age of 2, During this process, it descends to a depth of one meter. The reproduction begins if the water temperature does not fall below -5 °

Mintay

Mintai is one of the most valuable and well-known representatives of the Cod below are the features of this type:

Molva is a predatory fish, one of the largest corporal representatives.

Its main features are as follows:

  1. Molva tries to keep near the bottom surfaceIt rarely rises above 500 meters depth.
  2. The body's length of most individuals is 1 meterAlthough the largest copies reach almost 2 meters.
  3. The basis of the diet is fish, inferior to Molwe in size.
  4. Molva is becoming a hawk very late, on its first spawning it is sent only at the age of 8-10 years.

Navaga Far Eastern

Far Eastern Navaga - the name of another fishing cream; The main area of \u200b\u200bhabitat is the northern territories of the Pacific Ocean, although it is possible to meet it in many northern and Far Eastern seas.

Other features of the fish are given below:

  1. Related breed is the Belomorsk NavagaBut it is significantly inferior in size to his Far Eastern relative.
  2. But some trophy copies grow up to 50-60cm.
  3. For most of the year Far Eastern Navaga tries to keep close to the coast, but during the summer season she floats far away into the sea in search of food.
  4. Poland occurs at the age of 2-3 yearsThe spawning falls on the winter when the water temperature goes to the minimum marks.
  5. Far Eastern Navaga is a very common crackling breedThanks to this, its fishing catch is well established, which is 10 times higher than the catch of the White Sea variety.

Navaga North

Navaga North is a maritime crackling fish, you can meet it in Kara, White or Pechora sea.

The features of this breed are as follows:

  1. Meet northern Nawagu It is possible in shallow sections near the coastline, and before the start of spawning it goes to the nearest rivers. Despite this, the reproduction is carried out only in salty sea water, this process takes place in the winter season. For laying the caviar, the female is lowered to a depth of 10 meters, the eggs stick to the bottom surface and pass there further development over the next 4 months.
  2. The body length on average is 20-35 cmBut the largest individuals inhabit the Kara Sea, often growing up to 45cm.
  3. Navaga North is a predatorIn its diet, there are wraps, fry of other fish and worms.
  4. Meat of this fish is valued due to its excellent taste, Fishing is carried out in the fall and winter.

Burbot

Nalim is a unique representative of the CRS, since this is the only freshwater cream breed, common in the rivers and lakes of Europe, America and Asia.

Main features are discussed below:

  1. The biggest population lives in Siberian riverswhere it is adjusted both fishing catch, so amateur fishing.
  2. Nalim is found only in cool and clean rivers, an important condition is the rocky structure of the bottom.
  3. Spawning falls on the winter, with spring and summer warming, Nalim begins to fall into the hibernation and searches for shelters near underwater corporal or in nonlands at the bottom. Activity is returned only by autumn and Nalim begins to actively eat, gaining weight before the upcoming spawning.
  4. Nalim is an exceptionally night breed.without carrying sunlight. However, in the dark, his attention can be attracted if they are keen on the shore.
  5. The average body length is from 40 to 60 cm, and weight 1-1,5 kg. Separate individuals grow very large, they can reach lengths up to 12 meters and weigh 20 kg.
  6. The basis of the diet is the food of animal origin: wraps, various larvae and small fish.

Haddock

Piksha is found mainly in the northern part of the Atlantic, it tries to keep near American and European coasts.

Below are the main features of this breed:

  1. Learn pikeshy easily in appearance: Flusted with sides The body has a characteristic silver color, a thin black line passes through the side, and a noticeable stain is located above the chest fin.
  2. , Sometimes there are trophy instances growing up to 100 cm.
  3. The diet includes food animal origin: Cutting, mollusks, caviar herring, fry and worms.
  4. Fishing is well developed in the Barents and North SeaPiksha is one of the most valuable representatives of the Cod Family.

North Putassa

North Putassu meets in the northeast plot of the Atlantic, this cracker has the following features:

  1. The body length is about 30 cmRare individuals grow up to 40-50 cm.
  2. Find this fish It is possible at a depth of 30-800 meters.
  3. For the breed is characterized by very slow growth.
  4. The basis of the diet is different crustaceans, fry of other fish and plankton.

Putassu South

The main distinguishing feature of the southern species are larger dimensions: most individuals grow up to 50 cm long. The individuals inhabiting in the Atlantic Ocean usually hold close to the surface of the water, but their relatives from the northern territories rarely rise above the depth of 100-300 meters. Today, fishing fishing Southern Putassu is well developed, this grade fish is mainly used for the manufacture of canned food.

Side

Side is a steel cracking breed, which can be found both near the surface of the water and at a considerable depth.

Features of this fish are as follows:

  1. The body length is 50-70 cm, the largest individuals grow up to 90-100 cm.
  2. Side dwells in the north of the AtlanticBut for this breed is characterized by migration on very long distances.
  3. Side fishing is very well developedMost of the fish goes to the manufacture of canned food. Its popularity is caused by the taste qualities of meat, which is very similar to salmon, but it costs much cheaper.

Atlantic cod.

Atlantic Cod is one of the most rare representatives of the Cod family, so this breed was listed in the Red Book.

The features of these fish are discussed below:

  1. The body length of most individuals reaches 40-70 cmBut some fish grow almost up to 2 meters.
  2. It feeds the Atlantic cod with marine crustaceans, mollusks and herring.
  3. Period of puberty occurs lateMost of the representatives of this breed go to spawning at the age of 8-10, when their weight reaches at least 3-4 kg.
  4. Breed is very valued due to his liverrich in fats; Also, fish canned from it. The population is recently reduced significantly, so in many places of catch of the Atlantic cod are prohibited.

Cod Pacific

Pacific cod has a number of fundamental differences from the Atlantic variety, the features of the breed are shown below:

  1. Body size is less than atlantic codBut the head is significantly larger. The maximum length is 120 cm.
  2. You can meet a Pacific cod in the northern territories of the Pacific Ocean, as well as in the waters of Barents, the Japanese or Okhotsk Sea.
  3. At spawning, this breed is sent at the age of 5-6 years, The average life expectancy is not more than 10-12 years. Females are distinguished by increased fecundity and postpone millions of eggs.
  4. The basis of the diet is the invertebrates marine inhabitantsAs well as other representatives of the Cod Family, mainly Navaga and Mintai.
  5. Pacific cod is commercial fishwhich is valued because of his meat.

Cracks are the largest family spread in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic. They are an object of fishery due to their dietary meat with low fat content. Not only its taste qualities, but also useful properties, as it contains a large amount of vitamins and useful chemical elements, among which phosphorus, calcium, iodine, iron and manganese.

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Almost all representatives of the kind of crackling, with the exception of Nalima, prefer to live in salted water. Moreover, water bodies should be closer to the northern hemisphere, since their elements are cold water.

About 100 species of various fish are included in the carriage family, and almost all of them are inhabitants of salted sea water and only one pour inhabit freshwater rivers and other reservoirs. The most common of them are considered: Piksha, Navaga, Putassu, Cod, Heck and many others. What makes the differences in the cream family from other representatives of the seas and the oceans and will be discussed in this article.

Appearance

The trash family has a number of distinctive external features. For example, representatives of this family notice the presence of several dorsal fins, as well as the presence of one or two anal fins. The most developed by them is considered the tail fin.

As a rule, the tail fin may be one integer with the dorsal and anal fins or can be separated from them. What is wondering, all of them do not have sharp, prickly rays. In the fish of this family, increased gill holes are noted, as well as the presence of a Us in the lower jaw area. The body of the fish is covered with small scales, which is easy to clean. Basically, the cracklers prefer to move with few flocks, except for Nalima, the freshwater representative of this family.

Of 100 species, you can allocate absolutely varied representatives that differ in completely different sizes. The species that feed on plankton have much smaller sizes, compared to those that feed on larger alive organisms. The smallest of them is a deep-water gadikul, which can achieve no more than 15 cm long. The large representatives themselves include predators such as Molva and Atlantic Cod, which can reach up to 1.8 meters long.

Habitat

Representatives of this family are found in almost all waters of the northern hemisphere of the Earth and only 5 types inhabit the seas of the southern hemisphere. All of them should be attributed to sea inhabitants living in salted water and, only Nalim prefers fresh waters of the North of Europe, Asia and America.

The highest length of the creak is celebrated in the eastern parts of the Atlantic, including in the Norwegian and Barents seas. In the Baltic Sea, there is exclusively cod. Representatives of the crackle can be found in the black and Mediterranean seas.

In the Equatorial zone, it is hardly possible to detect representatives of this family, but the coast of South America, South Africa and New Zealand lives as many as three types of this family.

What feeds crackle

Some species of fish prefer vegetable food, while others exceptionally animal, since they are predators. Some of them, such as Putassu, Arctic Crack, Sayka, eat zooplankton.

Mixtai and cod feed with rather large alive organisms. These fish, the fat that they inquire in the process of nutrition accumulates in the liver, which is their essential difference from other species of fish that are not belonging to this family.

Each type of fish belonging to this family is characterized in that it has its own peculiarities. Most of them are laying off caviar in seawater, although some of them are inhabit the northern latitudes, choose desalinated areas of water bodies for spawning. Not much of them at all, to postpone the caviar, enters the river.

Representatives of this family are starting to postpone the caviar only after 3 years of life, and some of them are even later - after 8-10 years of life. They postpone the caviar for several years in a row, laying out several million eggs, although there are such as Navaga, which postpones only a few thousand eggs.

Almost the majority of representatives of this family loves cold water and lay the caviar at a temperature of about 0 degrees and mainly in winter or at the end of winter.

After the appearance of the fry, some of them remain on the spot, and the part charges, so, from the first days of his life, the fry of these fish begin to spread along the water area of \u200b\u200bthe seas and the oceans. What is interesting, pikers are used by jellyfish in order to hide from their natural enemies. Throughout his life, representatives of such a family carry out long migration. This is due to some natural factors, such as sea and oceanic flows, fluctuations in water temperature, including the presence of a feed base.

Due to the fact that most of the creak representatives are distinguished by unsurpassed food qualities, their catch is carried out in a huge industrial scale. Every year, about 10 million tons of gracious fish species is mined and their main part is caught in the Atlantic Ocean. As a rule, the main mass is the following types of gravy:

  • Atlantic cod.
  • Pacific Mintai.

Almost all of them are driven by the bottom lifestyle, so they catch them with the help of deep-water trawls. The meat of these fish is a popular product, due to its nutritionality. Their liver is particularly valuable, which contains a huge amount of useful substances.

Types of crength with photos and description

As mentioned above, the creak counts up to hundreds of species of various fish. Among them are the most famous and most valuable ones and will be discussed below.

This little fish is called the "big-eyed cod". Cracked cod at depths from 200 meters to almost a kilometer. It is easy to distinguish from other species of fish by fairly big eyes that actually occupy the third part of the head. For their life, the fish is capable of growing up to 15 centimeters, and basically there are instances of 9-12 centimeters long. The Gadikul in the Mediterranean is found, as well as in the waters of Northern Norway. Sometimes it is found in the oceans at a very big depth. There are two types of this amazing fish:

  • North.
  • South.

They differ in each other, albeit slightly. Basically, they have a different amount of fin rays and vertebrae, which is associated with their habitat.

This representative of the Codovkov family is found in the waters of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, as well as the coast of Europe. This fish can be found in the Black Sea, off the coast of Crimea, where it brings the flow after intensive storms. Created to grow up to 50 centimeters in length. Merlaig diet make up small crustaceans and small fish. Mlow himself replenishes the diet of larger predators, such as dolphins or crankins. The fishing mining of this fish is carried out exclusively in the northern waters.

Merling does not like big depths. After two years of life, Merlang can already postpone the caviar. At the same time, the caviar is deposited at depths of no more than 1 meter, at the temperature mode of water at least 5 degrees.

Almost everything knows this fish, since it can be found almost on all shelves of fish stores. Mixtai lives, mainly in the north of the Pacific Ocean, because it prefers to live in cold water with a temperature of 2 to 9 degrees.

This fish is almost always kept in the thickness of the water, at depths in half a kilometer and more, and only at the moments of spawning moves closer to the coast, for smaller sections.

Mintai begins to throw caviar after 3 or 4 years of life. The period of spawning, depending on habitat, can begin in the winter and continue until summer. Mixtai can grow up to 0.5 meters long, and sometimes more.

Mintai refers to one of the most numerous representatives of this family, which are found within the Pacific Cold Waters. This fish is caught on an industrial scale with huge volumes, so it takes the first place by the number of caught fish today. Nourishing and useful as meat of this fish and her liver.

Prefers to lead the bottom lifestyle. Exceptionally predatory fish, which hunts at a depth of 500 meters. This predator is capable of growing up to 2 meters long, although there are mainly individuals, up to 1 meter long.

Can postpone caviar only for 8-10 years of his life. Its diet is a small fish and other living organisms.

This fish represents serious commercial interest. Lives in the waters of the North of the Pacific Ocean, as well as the Chukotka, Okhotsk and Japanese seas.

Far Eastern Navaga is capable of growing up to 35 centimeters, although there are instances and larger, up to 50 cm long, but very rarely. This fish prefers to be in the coastal zone, leaving it only in order to find food.

On 2 or 3 years of life can throw caviar. Methauses Navaga caviar only in winter, in the conditions of the lowest temperatures.

Navaga populations are quite voluminous, so it is caught in large parties. It is 10 times more mined, compared with Navagoy Belomorsk.

The main habitats of this fish are considered:

  • White Sea.
  • Pechora sea.
  • Kara Sea.

Also prefers to be in the coastal zone, and for the period of ikrometania can be directed into the river. Despite this, the process of throwing caviar itself is carried out only in salted water, in winter, at depths of about 10 meters. The female will sweep the caviar that fastest sticks to the bottom of the bottom, after which they are developing here for 4 months.

It reaches the length of about 35 centimeters, although there are representatives who have up to 45 centimeters in length. Navaga Northern diet consists of sufficiently small crustaceans, worms and petty fish.

It is caught in a commercial scale in the autumn-winter period, since its meat has an unsurpassed taste.

This is the only representative of the Cod Family, which is found in fresh water. Like most of the creak, Nalim gives preference to cool water, so it is most often found in the rivers and lakes of America, Asia and Europe.

The most numerous is the population of Namilim in Siberian rivers, where it is caught on both industrial scales and fishermen of amateurs. It spawns solely in winter when the water is covered with ice. In the summer, prefers to hide in stones, Norah or in Koryaga. With the onset of autumn, it begins an active lifestyle. Nalim is a nightfish that does not tolerate sunlight. According to many fishermen, at night it can be brutged by the light emanating from the fire.

It grows with a length of up to 0.6 meters, with weight to 1.5 kg. Despite this, there are copies of up to 1.2 meters in length and weighing up to 20 kilograms. Nalima diet is larvae, crustaceans and small fish.

Piksha is found in the northern part of the Atlantic and, mostly in the coastal waters of Europe and America. Prefers to lead the bottom lifestyle. The body is characterized as compressed from the sides. The body color is silver, with a black side line and a black spot located above the chest fin. The average length of the fish is in the range of 50-70 cm, although there are more individuals with a length of more than 1 meter. Pikes feeds with mollusks, worms, crustaceans, and eats herring caviar.

On the 3rd or 5th year of the life of the females are ready for throwing caviar. Spring on the pike is developed quite strongly and by weight of the caught fish occupies a solid third place after Mixed and Cod. Catch it mainly in the North and Barents seas. Volume volumes are estimated at about a million tons per year.

It can grow up to 35 cm long, although sometimes there is an individual up to 50 cm long. This fish grows too slowly.

It is found mainly in the North-East Atlantic, being at depths from 30 to 800 meters. The diet consists of fry fish, plankton and small racks.

Also captured on an industrial scale and also sold in many outlets.

Putassu South

This representative of the Cod Family has several large sizes, compared with North Putassu. It can weigh up to 1 kg, growing up to 0.5 meters long. Closer to the southern hemisphere, she prefers to be closer to the surface of the water, but the farther from these places it is, the deeper it is found, at depths up to a half-kilometer.

It is mined on an industrial scale, made of it, mostly canned food, although many housewives are boiled, baked and fry.

It can also be easily bought in the fish store.

Western lifestyle, being or thicker or closer to the bottom. It grows up to 70 cm long, although there are individuals, up to 1 meter long, and sometimes more. It dwells mainly in the northern waters of the Atlantic. Migrates on the Atlantic at considerable distances: with the arrival of spring, it is sent to the north, and with the arrival of autumn again returns to the warmer water of the Atlantic Ocean.

Side is also caught in large volumes. It turns out of enough canned food, called Sea Salmon. This is due to the fact that the meat of sides and salmon meat is characterized by a similar taste, but the meat of the Side is much cheaper.

This kind of fish has already been listed in the International Red Book and the Red Book of Russia. Atlantic cod grows up to 1.8 meters long, although the average size is within 40-70 centimeters. Food is powered by the Atlantic various races, mollusks, including fish.

Cod females begin to postpone caviar at the age of 8-10 years, with a weight of 3-4 kilograms. She lives in the Atlantic Ocean. It is highly valued due to nutritious and useful meat, including the liver rich in useful fats. Cods are trembling canned food. Many are familiar with such a delicacy, as a cod liver, which serves to prepare delicious sandwiches and other cold snacks.

In 1992, the Government of Canada established a ban on the catch of the Cod of Atlantic, since its number declined sharply, which threatens the full disappearance of such a type of fish.

This representative of the Cod Family differs from the Atlantic Cod of a larger head and smaller body dimensions. It can reach a length of 1.2 meters, although there are mainly individuals, 50-80 cm sizes.

This type of cod in Okhotsk, Bering and Japanese seas lives. Does not carry out long migrations, adhering to the water area of \u200b\u200bthese seas and the coastline.

Begins to spawn on the 5th year of life. Total life expectancy about 10-12 years. Each female is able to postpone several millions of eggs. Feels invertebrates, as well as fish. It is also caught in huge quantities. Its delicious meat in any form: it is salted, smokyat, fry, cook, bake and make delicious canned food.

Useful properties of crackles

The meat of these species is considered dietary, since the content of fat in it reaches only 4 percent. In this regard, cod dishes have an excellent taste and quite useful for humans.

Availability of vitamins

In the meat of these fish species, such vitamins were found:

  • group B.

The presence of trace elements

The meat of these fish contains useful minerals, such as:

  • Potassium.
  • Phosphorus.
  • Calcium.
  • Magnesium.
  • Fluorine.
  • Sodium.
  • Manganese.
  • Copper.
  • Iron.
  • Molybdenum, etc.

Choosing one or another method of cooking fish, one should always remember that the task is to maintain the maximum of beneficial substances, without loss of taste. This is only possible if the fish is used in raw form, boiled or liver. Naturally, the maximum of the beneficial substances is preserved if it is consumed in raw form. To do this, it is simply solid or prepared in marinade. To make it right, it is better to use ready-made recipes that have enough. And yet it is better to resort to heat treatment. If you cook in the oven, then a very tasty and useful dish can get. In extreme cases, it can be fried and served along with the side dish and vegetables, although it will not be so useful, and it can be hard on the stomach.

Representatives of the crackle are considered the most numerous species of fish, inhabiting the water of the quiet and Atlantic oceans. Due to the fact that the meat of these fish is not only tasty, but also useful, they are caught by a huge pace, which is reflected in the indicators associated with millions of tons annually. If it goes further, our children can not see most seafood on their tables.

No less valuable and liver of these fish, since many useful substances accumulate in it. Since the meat is not fat, it can be used to almost all categories of people, and especially those who managed to gain overweight. Only personal intolerance to seafood can be a real obstacle to the consumption of crackle species of fish in food.

In our article we will tell about the family of gracious fish. All its members have a delicious and useful meat recommended for diet food. Atlantic cod has the best characteristics. But other representatives of this family, for example, Piksha, Heck, Putassu, Mintai, Side, are popular and beloved on our table.

A lot of meat, little bones

The habitat of fish of this family is the seas of the northern hemisphere. Especially often they are found in the Atlantic Ocean. The family of gravy fish includes individuals with a large head, small bony, small scales and large liver. Many of them are mined in industrial volumes.

The chemical composition of these fish includes a set of useful elements: vitamins, fatty acids, phosphorus, iodine, calcium. The fleshiness and low fat content allows them to be used in dietary nutrition. Fish can be prepared in different ways. Good grasp in fried, stew, smoked and dried. There is a lot of recipes that use ordinary housewives and cooks in restaurants.

The most useful

Atlantic cod is a famous representative of this family. Such a fish can reach a length of up to 1.8 meters, but, as a rule, it is caught before it reaches this size. From other fish, it is distinguished by a meaty mustache on the chin, the olive-brown painting of scales and white belly. Cod dwells in the Atlantic Ocean, but also meets in the White and Baltic seas. It is useful not only tight and white meat, but from which oil prepare for medical purposes.

If you take such a substance regularly, you can improve well-being, mood, get rid of the diseases of the joints, increase intellectual abilities. But it is better to use a fish caught in environmentally friendly places, since the cod is capable of accumulating mercury and arsenic, which means that its excessive eating can be dangerous.

Gentle fish

The family of gravy fish includes a pike. Her meat is delicious and tender than the cod. Dark gray with purple splashes The body of this fish is flattened with sides. Belubo white or milk-silver. Between the chest and dorsal fins on both sides there is a dark spot. Catch a pike in the Atlantic and North-Arctic Oceans. This fish prefers sea water, so it is almost not found in the Baltic Sea because of its desalination. Piksha most often lives near the bottom at a small depth. There she is looking for their familiar food - bottom mollusks, worms, iglinodes, fry and caviar of other fish.

It is worth noting that the diet of the pike includes North Putassu, which also applies to the cream family. This fish is powered by racks and fry. It dwells at a depth of 180-300 meters. Putassu is often found on the shelves of our stores. Someone eats it yourself, but most often this fish is bought for cats, which simply adore her. In addition, the value of Putassu is low compared to other representatives of the Cod Family.

Useful and inexpensive

Another beloved by our fellow fellow fish is Far Eastern Mintai. It is inexpensive and there are always in stores. But you do not need to treat it with disregard. Like all representatives of the Cod family, it is nutritious and useful. Of course, her meat is a little dry, but a good mistress will find a way to save it from this shortage. The use of Maltai contributes to the regulation of metabolism, the amount of blood sugar. The meat of this fish has antioxidant properties, rich in iodine and chrome. Eating 100 grams of pollock per day, you get the daily rate of iodine. Get it in the Pacific Ocean, where it is found in a huge amount.

Not only in the sea

Cracks belong to the crack. It predominantly lives in fresh water. Although there are and these fish have a long body, slightly flattened from the sides, a flat head, a mustache on the chin and the upper jaw. Sea Nalim lives in the Barents Sea, near Iceland, British islands and even around the shores of North America.

These fish are two species - white and red. The best taste is the meat of red it contains a large amount of iodine, although the meat itself is dry. However, this does not make it less valuable. River meat is on the contrary, tasty and soft. The liver is also considered a delicacy. The trace elements contained in this fish have a positive effect on vision, intelligence and nervous system. The habitat of Nalim is wide enough, he is distributed in our country. It is best to catch a namilim in cold water in rarely weather, then it is most active.

Other crackling

The family of crackles includes Merling. It dwells in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, in the Barents Sea, off the coast of Iceland and Portugal. Sometimes it is found in the Black Sea. The taste of this fish is pleasant and not inferior to the cod or pike. At the shores of Murmansk, Norway, the Faroe Islands, Iceland are caught by Melaka, although this fish does not have much spread and is not produced on an industrial scale. On the territory of the Northern Ice Ocean dwells a dying. This small fish prefers to live in cold water. Food feeds with races, zooplankton, fodels of other fish. She, like other crevice representatives, has a small mustache under the chin. There is also the same distinguished sign. This fish can grow up to 1 meter long. Food for her serve other small fellow, crustaceans.

In our article you learned about the Cod Fish Family. Surely many names were familiar to you. After all, this fish is a frequent guest on our tables. It turns out that you can safely save, if you often buy a mixture, Pinkshu, Putassu, and not a cod. They are as useful as other representatives of this family, and cost cheaper.