Anti-tank missile system "Metis-M1" (Russia). Anti-tank missile system "Metis-M Complexes of anti-tank guided missiles metis and bassoon

In the 90s of the XX century, the Instrument Design Bureau developed the Metis-M wearable anti-tank missile system, which ensures the fulfillment of these requirements and has the best combination of characteristics in its class. ATGM "Metis-M" is a multipurpose defensive and assault weapon that can effectively engage modern tanks, fortifications and other small targets at ranges of up to 1500 m, is reliable, simple and easy to use. The high tactical and technical characteristics of the Metis-M ATGM are confirmed by many years of military operation both in the Russian army and in many armies of foreign countries.

However, further modernization of armored vehicles, aimed at increasing its protection (increasing the thickness of the armor, equipping with dynamic protection), as well as increasing the aimed firing range of tank guns, sets the ATGM developers to improve their characteristics to increase the firing range and increase the power of warheads. At the present time and in the near future, the main characteristics of wearable ATGMs should be considered the firing range - not less than 2000 m, armor penetration - not less than 900-950 mm (taking into account the margin for the destruction of the armor space).

In order to improve the main characteristics of the Metis-M complex, KBP JSC carried out its modernization in the following areas:
- the maximum firing range day and night has been increased from 1500 m to 2000 m due to the improvement of the aerodynamic characteristics of the rocket airframe and the implementation of new algorithms in the control system;
- armor penetration, including for DZ, increased from 850 mm to 900-950 mm due to the use of high-energy explosives, while introducing the technology of precision manufacturing of warhead elements;
- the mass of the starting device (PU) is reduced from 10.5 kg to 9.5 kg due to the use of microprocessor-based element base in the equipment.
The modernization was carried out taking into account the need to ensure the possibility of firing both previously released missiles from modernized launchers, and modernized missiles from previously released launchers. ATGM "Metis-M1" in terms of the aggregate of combat and operational characteristics is significantly ahead of ATGM "Metis-M" and closest foreign analogues.

ATGM "Metis-M1" is designed to enhance the combat power of company level units, as a rule, armed only with firearms and grenade launchers, which are ineffective for fighting tanks due to low accuracy and short ranges of aimed fire. The complex is wearable and in this sense is the closest to a soldier. The small dimensions and weight of the complex's components make it possible to form compact packs that provide the possibility of transporting it by a crew of three. In addition to personal weapons, the crew carries ammunition of five missiles. The crew commander carries a ready shot (launcher with a missile mounted on it) in his pack, which significantly reduces the preparation time for combat work and allows the crew to engage in hostilities directly from the march.

In the defense zone, an infantry battalion, equipped with 80-90 ATGM ammunition, strikes up to 90% of the armor targets of an advancing enemy battalion, reinforced by a tank company and having up to 60 armored vehicles. When conducting an offensive by a battalion, for example, on the position of a motorized infantry company reinforced by a tank platoon (13 armored targets), the Metis-M1 ATGM is capable not only of hitting all armored targets, but also significantly help the infantry in the fight against enemy firing points, since in terms of range firing his missiles significantly outperform the enemy's mass small arms: machine guns and RPGs. With a direct attack of the 9M131M ATGM into the frontal projection of the target, due to a powerful tandem cumulative warhead with an average armor penetration of 950 mm, a high level of penetration of the frontal armor of all tanks currently in service can be achieved.

Currently in the armies of different countries of the world there are tens of thousands of tanks of various modifications, the main differences of which are the level of protection, composition and thickness of armor, weight, composition of the fire control system, etc. According to the totality of the achieved level of the mentioned characteristics, the tanks can be divided into three groups. The results of calculating the probability of hitting three groups of tanks, carried out taking into account the random values ​​of the coordinates of the hit of the 9M131M ATGM, the probabilistic nature of the penetration of armor and the destruction of vital units of the combat vehicle and the crew behind the armor, show that the probability of hitting tanks with dynamic protection ATGM 9M131M on average in the angle of fire in the ± 90 ° sector is: tanks of the 1st group 0.88, 2nd 0.72 and 3rd 0.70. From this it follows that the 9M131 M ATGM provides a level of probability of hitting the most protected tanks of 0.7-0.9, i.e. one or two missiles are required to defeat them.

The results of the firing tests showed that the 9M131M and 9M131FM guided missiles of the Metis-M1 complex developed by the KB Instrument-Making Design Bureau provide a high level of destructive action against targets of various sizes, degrees of vulnerability and mobility. The Metis-M1 complex is characterized on the positive side by the low flight time of the 9M131M and UR 9M131FM ATGMs and the high secrecy of combat work, which practically leave no chance for potential targets to put optical interference and interfere with the combat mission. Small dimensions and weight allow the infantrymen to carry the Metis-M1 anti-tank missile system with them at all times and independently conduct combat operations with the effectiveness of units equipped with large-caliber artillery. In essence, the Metis-M1 ATGM solves artillery tasks, but with much greater efficiency and responsiveness and is nothing more than the high-precision "pocket artillery" of the platoon commander.

On the basis of the Metis-M1 complex, fire support units (three or more launching devices) can be created to solve the problem of suppressing the most dangerous targets. They can be part of an infantry, mountain rifle and airmobile divisions, a separate infantry, a separate mountain infantry and a separate armored brigade, as well as a separate airborne brigade of lightly armed infantry, a separate amphibious brigade and a special forces regiment. ATGM "Metis-M1" is a highly effective, light, wearable defensive-assault weapon capable of fighting modern and promising tanks and other armored targets, fortifications such as bunkers, bunkers, field structures and manpower located in them, in daytime and night conditions at ranges from 80 m to 2000 m.

The optimal combination of small weight and size and high tactical, technical and operational characteristics makes it possible to equip landing troops, infantry and motorized rifle formations with the Metis-M1 complex to enhance their combat power during large-scale hostilities, as well as special units during counter-terrorist operations. During the modernization, maximum unification was ensured between the components of the Metis-M and Metis-M1 ATGMs, which will allow, in a short time and at relatively low financial costs, to increase the tactical and technical characteristics of the Metis-M ATGMs previously supplied to foreign customers. At the same time, the modernization can be carried out directly at the foreign customer. Repeated training of specialists (gunners and technicians) is not required to operate the upgraded complexes.

The performance characteristics of the Metis-M1 ATGM:

Firing range day and night, m:
- maximum - 2000
- minimum - 80
Rate of fire, rds / min 3-4
Control system - semi-automatic with transmission of commands by wire
Overall dimensions, mm:
- rocket caliber 130
- the length of the container with a rocket 980
Warhead - tandem cumulative, thermobaric high-explosive action
Average penetration of a cumulative warhead, mm 950
TNT equivalent of a high-explosive warhead, kg 6
Firing missiles with previously developed missiles of the Metis family - provided
Weight, kg;
- starting device - no more than 9.5
- container with a rocket - 13.8
- thermal imaging sight - 6.5
Packages weight, kg:
- launcher with a rocket - 23.8
- two containers with missiles - 28.6
Aiming angles, city .:
- horizontally ± 30
- vertically ± 5
Application temperature range, degrees С 50

Portable anti-tank missile system 9K115-2 "Metis-M" designed to defeat modern and promising armored vehicles equipped with dynamic protection, fortifications, enemy manpower, at any time of the day, in adverse weather conditions. Created on the basis of the Metis ATGM. The concept of modernization consisted in maximum continuity in ground-based facilities and ensuring the possibility of using both the standard Metis 9M115 missile and the new modernized 9M131 missile in the complex.

Taking into account the prospects for the growth of the protection of tanks the designers drastically increased the dimension of the warhead, moving from a caliber of 93 mm to a caliber of 130 mm... A significant improvement in tactical and technical characteristics was achieved due to an increase in the mass and dimensions of the ATGM.

The Metis-M complex was developed at the Tula Instrument Design Bureau and was put into service in 1992. Designed to replace the previously created complexes of the second generation "Metis", "Fagot", "Konkurs". In the west, the complex received the designation AT-13 "Saxhorn".

Main characteristics:
- firing range - 80-1500 m
- rocket weight - 13.8 kg
- the average flight speed of the rocket - 200 m / s
- rocket caliber - 130 mm
- TPK length - 980 mm
- PU weight - 10 kg
- temperature range of combat use: from -30 ° С to + 50 ° С
- transfer time from traveling to combat position: 10-20 sec
- armor penetration - 900 mm
- combat crew - 2 people.

The complex includes:
- 9P151 launcher with a sight - a guidance device, guidance drives and a missile launch mechanism;
- thermal imaging sight 1PN86BVI "Mulat-115";
- missiles 9M131, placed in transport and launch containers;
- control and testing equipment 9V12M and 9V81M.

The wings of the 9M131 rocket are made of thin sheets of steel and open after launch under the influence of their own elastic forces. As in the 9M115 Metis rocket, the adopted technical solutions, in particular the placement of the tracer at the tip of one of the three wing consoles, made it possible to abandon the use of gyro devices, on-board batteries and electronic units. During the flight of the rocket, the tracer moves in a spiral, the ground equipment receives information about the angular position of the ATGM and corrects the commands issued via the wire communication line to the rocket controls.

1 - precharge tandem warhead;
2 - semi-open type air dynamic drive;
3 - aerodynamic control surfaces;
4 - propulsion system;
5 - channel for the cumulative jet;
6 - the main charge of the tandem warhead;
7 - wings;
8 - tracer;
9 - a coil with a wire;
10 - starting engine.

The new powerful tandem cumulative warhead of the ATGM complex is capable of striking all modern and promising enemy tanks, including those equipped with mounted and built-in reactive armor, lightly armored vehicles, and fortifications. Moreover, a high level of pressure arising during penetration in both axial and radial directions leads to concrete crushing in the area of ​​the cumulative jet passage, breaking of the rear layer of the barrier and, as a consequence, a high beyond the barrier effect. Thus, the defeat of manpower located behind objects made of concrete monoliths or in structures made of prefabricated reinforced concrete with a wall thickness of up to 3 meters is ensured.

In order to expand the range of combat use of the Metis-M complex, 9M131F guided missiles are equipped with a thermobaric warhead weighing 4.95 kg with a high-explosive effect at the level of a large-caliber artillery projectile, especially effective when firing at engineering and fortifications. During the explosion of such a warhead, a shock wave that is more extended in time and space than in conventional explosives is formed. Such a wave spreads in all directions, flows through obstacles, into trenches, through embrasures, etc., striking manpower, even protected by a shelter. In the zone of detonation transformations of the thermobaric mixture, oxygen is completely burned out and a temperature develops above 800 ° C.

The launcher placed on a tripod can be equipped with a 1PN86-VI Mulat-115 thermal imaging sight weighing 5.5 kg, which provides target detection at a range of up to 3.2 km and their identification at a range of 1.6 km, which ensured the launch of missiles at night to the maximum range. The dimensions of the thermal imager are 387x203x90mm. The field of view is 2.4 ° x4.6 °. Battery life is 2 hours. Application temperature range from -40 ° С to + 50 ° С. In order to increase efficiency, a balloon cooling system is used in the sight, which provides an exit to the mode in 8-10 s.

The rocket is launched using the starting engine, after which the sustainer solid propellant is launched. The calculation of the complex consists of two people, one of whom carries a pack No. 1 weighing 25.1 kg with a launcher and one container with a rocket, and the other pack No. 2 weighing 28 kg with two containers with missiles. When replacing a TPK with a rocket with a thermal imager, the weight of the pack is reduced to 18.5 kg. The deployment of the complex into a combat position is carried out in 10-20 s, the combat rate of fire reaches 3 rounds per minute.

Along with the main purpose of being used as a wearable complex, the Metis-M anti-tank missile system can also be used to arm BMD and BMP. Shooting can be carried out from prepared and unprepared positions from a prone position, from a standing trench, as well as from the shoulder. Shooting is also possible from buildings (in the latter case, about 2 meters of free space is required behind the launcher).

The 9K115-2 Metis-M portable anti-tank missile system is designed to destroy modern and promising armored vehicles equipped with reactive armor, fortifications, enemy manpower, at any time of the day, in adverse weather conditions.

Created on the basis of the Metis ATGM. The concept of modernization consisted in maximum continuity in ground-based means and ensuring the possibility of using both the standard Metis 9M115 missile and the new modernized 9M131 missile in the complex. Taking into account the prospects for increasing the protection of tanks, the designers drastically increased the dimension of the warhead, moving from the caliber 93mm to the caliber 130mm. A significant improvement in tactical and technical characteristics was achieved due to an increase in the mass and dimensions of the ATGM.

The Metis-M complex was developed at the Instrument-Making Design Bureau (Tula) and put into service in 1992.

Designed to replace the previously created complexes of the second generation "Metis", "Fagot", "Konkurs".

In the west, the complex received the designation AT-13 "Saxhorn".

It was used during the military conflict in Syria in 2012.

For the Russian army, a modernized version of the complex was developed, which received the designation "Metis-M1". The complex (see) has been modernized in order to increase the firing range, increase the power of the warhead and reduce the mass of the launching device, while retaining all the positive properties of the Metis-M complex.

By the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 9, 2015, as well as by the Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of March 2, 2016, the Metis-M1 anti-tank missile system was adopted by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Compound

The complex includes:

9P151 launcher with a sight - a guidance device, guidance drives and a missile launch mechanism (see photo);

thermal imaging sight 1PN86BVI "Mulat-115";

9M131 missiles placed in transport and launch containers.

control and testing equipment 9V12M and 9V81M;

The wings of the 9M131 rocket are made of thin sheets of steel and open after launch under the influence of their own elastic forces. As in the 9M115 Metis rocket, the adopted technical solutions, in particular the placement of the tracer at the tip of one of the three wing consoles, made it possible to abandon the use of gyro devices, on-board batteries and electronic units. During the flight of the rocket, the tracer moves in a spiral, the ground equipment receives information about the angular position of the ATGM and corrects the commands issued via the wire communication line to the rocket controls.

The new powerful tandem cumulative warhead of the ATGM complex is capable of striking all modern and promising enemy tanks, including those equipped with mounted and built-in reactive armor, lightly armored vehicles, and fortifications. Moreover, a high level of pressure arising during penetration both in the axial and in the radial directions leads to crushing of concrete in the area of ​​the cumulative jet, breaking of the rear layer of the barrier and, as a consequence, a high beyond the barrier action. This ensures the defeat of manpower located behind objects made of concrete monoliths or in structures made of precast reinforced concrete with a wall thickness of up to 3 meters.

In order to expand the range of combat use of the Metis-M complex, 9M131F guided missiles are equipped with a thermobaric warhead weighing 4.95 kg with a high-explosive effect at the level of a large-caliber artillery projectile, especially effective when firing at engineering and fortifications. During the explosion of such a warhead, a shock wave that is more extended in time and space than in conventional explosives is formed. Such a wave spreads in all directions, flows through obstacles, into trenches, through embrasures, etc., striking manpower, even protected by a shelter. In the zone of detonation transformations of the thermobaric mixture, oxygen is completely burned out and a temperature develops above 800 ° C.

Placed on a tripod, the launcher can be equipped with a 1PN86-VI "Mulat-115" thermal imaging sight weighing 5.5 kg, which provides target detection at a distance of up to 3.2 km and their identification at a distance of 1.6 km, which ensured the launch of missiles at night at a maximum range. The dimensions of the thermal imager are 387 * 203 * 90mm. Field of view 2.4 ° * 4.6 °. Battery life is 2 hours. Application temperature range from -40 ° С to + 50 ° С. In order to increase efficiency, a balloon cooling system is used in the sight, which provides an exit to the mode in 8-10 s.

The rocket is launched using the starting engine, after which the sustainer solid propellant is launched.

The calculation of the complex consists of two people, one of whom carries a pack N1 weighing 25.1 kg with a launcher and one container with a rocket (see photo), and the other pack N2 with two containers with a missile weighing 28 kg (instead of three for the Metis ATGM ). When replacing a TPK with a rocket with a thermal imager, the weight of the pack is reduced to 18.5 kg. The deployment of the complex in a combat position is carried out in 10-20 s, the combat rate of fire reaches 3 rounds per minute.

Along with its main purpose - being used as a wearable complex, "Metis-M" can also be used to arm BMD and BMP.

Shooting can be carried out from prepared and unprepared positions from a prone position, from a standing trench, as well as from the shoulder. Shooting is also possible from buildings (in the latter case, about 2 meters of free space is required behind the launcher).

The Metis-M1 ATGM includes:

• starting device 9P151M;
• missiles 9M131M, 9M131FM (with a thermobaric warhead);
• control and testing equipment 9V569M;
• charger ZU-16-1.

Russian anti-tank missile systems "Metis" have proven their effectiveness in Syria. Moreover, the ATGM was used not only by the military personnel of the government army, but also by their opponents, who received them as trophies.

According to Vestnik Mordovii, even before the start of the civil war, Russia supplied to Syria about 200 launchers of various modifications of the Metis ATGM and two thousand missiles for them. With the beginning of active hostilities, some of the complexes fell into the hands of militants. It was using the Metis-M that the rebels in early March 2012 managed to destroy the very first aircraft of government forces at the Abu ad-Dukhur airbase. The missile hit a MiG-23MS fighter standing outside the concrete shelters, which was seriously damaged.

The soldiers of the government army also actively used this complex to destroy armored vehicles and militant vehicles. The Syrian military personnel who used the Metis noted the comparative compactness of the ATGM as its advantages. It is easily transported and disguised. In addition, it has high armor penetration.

Note that the ATGM is quite simple to operate and you can learn how to use it in a few minutes. For example, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, during a visit to the 106th Airborne Division's training ground in the spring of 2013, hit a target after 15 minutes of preparation.

The target - a tank with a white spot painted at the most vulnerable point - was at a distance of two kilometers. Dmitry hit the target from the very first shot. And he did not just hit the tank, but precisely into that very white spot.

I have never fired from this complex. A short briefing - and managed to hit the target. This complex is quite simple to operate and does not require any special special skills. Although I am engaged in shooting, these are different things - to shoot from a rifle or a pistol and an anti-tank complex. However, I got it. Once you hit it, it means that it is simple, effective, convenient, which means that the military will master it during a year of military service, - Dmitry Rogozin shared his impressions later.

The Metis-M was adopted by the Russian army as a replacement for the first generation Mesis ATGM systems, as well as earlier systems such as the Fagot and Konkurs. One of the most important features of the new complex is the use of missiles equipped with a tandem cumulative warhead, as well as missiles equipped with a warhead of a volumetric explosion or, as they are also called, rockets with a thermobaric warhead. Such rockets are used in the well-known hand-held rocket-propelled flamethrower "Shmel".

Along with its main purpose - use as an infantry portable anti-tank complex, "Metis-M" can also be used as a guided weapon for BMD and BMP.

Shooting from ATGM "Metis-M" can be conducted from both prepared and not prepared positions. A calculation of two people can fire from a trench while standing, from a prone position, as well as from the shoulder. It is also possible to fire directly from buildings, but in this case, the condition must be met, according to which there must be at least two meters of free space behind the launcher.

Help "RG"

The mass of the Metis-M1 launcher is 10 kilograms. The combat crew is two people. The time of bringing into a combat state is 20 seconds. "Metis-M1" is capable of striking armored targets at a distance of 100 meters to 2.5 kilometers. When firing, a rocket is used - 9M131 (caliber 130 mm). Armor penetration - 850 mm. Rate of fire up to three rounds per minute.

The 9K115 complex with a semi-automatic projectile control system is designed to engage visible stationary and moving at different heading angles at speeds of up to 60 km / h armored targets at ranges from 40 to 1000 m. The 9K115 complex also allows effective firing at firing points and other small targets.

The complex was developed at the Instrument-Making Design Bureau (Tula) under the leadership of the chief designer A.G. Shipunov and was put into service in 1978.

In the west, the complex received the designation of a rocket. AT-7"Saxhorn".

Complex 9K115 "Metis" was exported to many countries of the world and was used in many local conflicts in recent decades.

Compound

The complex includes:

• guided missile 9М115
• launcher 9P151 (left view, right view, view in the box)
• To carry out maintenance and current repairs of the 9P151 starting device, the 9V569 control and testing equipment, as well as the instruments and equipment of the 9V871-2 control and testing machine, are used. To train the operators of the 9K115 complex, the 9F640 simulator is used.

The 9M115 missile with a semi-automatic guidance system and a cumulative warhead is built according to the "canard" aerodynamic scheme. The developers of the complex went to the extreme simplification and lightening of the disposable element of the complex - the missile, allowing some complication of the reusable ground guidance equipment. An important reserve for reducing the size, weight and cost of the ATGM was the simplification of the on-board equipment of the control system. As you know, ground-based semi-automatic guidance ATGM determines the position of the missile tracking devices associated with the ground coordinate system. Previously created samples of ATGM with single-channel control were equipped with gyroscopes, which ensure the conversion of control signals from ground guidance equipment into commands formed with reference to the coordinate system rotating with the rocket. The gyroscope was a rather expensive product. The 9M115 rocket is equipped with a tracer mounted on one of the wings. During flight, the tracer moves in a spiral. Ground equipment receives information about the angular position of the ATGM, which makes it possible to appropriately adjust the commands issued to the missile controls via the wire communication line.

In the bow there are rudders with an open-type air-dynamic drive, using the air pressure of the incoming flow. The absence of an air or powder pressure accumulator, the use of plastic molding for the manufacture of the main elements of the drive significantly reduces the cost of the drive in comparison with previously used products.

In the tail section of the rocket there are three trapezoidal wings. The wings are made of thin, flexible plates. When assembled, they roll up around the body without residual deformations; after the rocket leaves the TPK, the wings are straightened under the influence of elastic forces. To launch the rocket, a starting engine with a multiscale solid propellant charge is used.

The rocket is supplied and operated in a sealed transport and launch container.

Starting device 9P151 folding, is a 9P152 machine, a lifting and turning mechanism, on which control equipment is installed - a 9S816 guidance device and a hardware unit. The launcher has a precise targeting mechanism, which reduces the requirements for operator qualifications.

At present, for firing at night and in smoky conditions, the complex can be equipped with a 1PN86VI "Mulat-115" ("Sokol" 2) thermal imaging sight, developed by NPO GIPO1, with a range of up to 1.5 km.

The complex, consisting of one launcher and four missiles, is carried in two packs by a crew of two - the crew commander (first number, he is also the senior operator) and the operator (second number). Pack N1 weighing 17 kg with a launching device and one TPK with a rocket, pack N2 - with three missiles in TPK weighing 19.4 kg (see diagram).

Shooting can be carried out from prepared and unprepared positions from a prone position, from a trench, while standing, as well as from a support from the shoulder. It is possible to fire from an infantry fighting vehicle or armored personnel carrier and from buildings (in the latter case, about 6 meters of free space at the back is required).

Tactical and technical characteristics