Using Premises with Pades

Concept

Pretext

Morphological Collerance Category Categories

Methods of word formation

Degrees of comparison

Comparative: heat - heat her, more warm; Walkling - call e., more ringing.

Excellent: warm - the warmer just, ringing - calling just.

1. Suffixal: Cold - Cold aboutgood - good about, creepy - crook about.

2. Transition from nouns: sorry, laziness, it's time, grief.

1. We write out of the sentence

2. What denotes the word (mental state, etc.)

3. Find out a syntactic role.

It was stuffy After a hot day.

Stuffy - The word state category, denotes the state of nature, the nominal part of the tame.

Pretext - This is the service part of speech, which serves to communicate nouns, names of numerical, pronoun in the forms of indirect cases with other words: leav of Cities, read in Book, convey through someone tothree add two.

Attention! Prepositions are not members of the proposal, but are part of the sentences:

IN forest The ax was distributed.

Pade Prepositions Examples
R.P. Without, outside, for, before, because of, from under, from, sake, y, with Without flowers, out of danger for you
D.P. K, according to, contrary, thanks to, in order, towards TO house according toorder thanks Knowledge
V.P. Despite, about, through, through, in, on, for, under, s, by Despite rain, prohim through smoke
TV.P. Above, before, under, for, with Over city, beforehome, slip from the mountains
AP When, o, in, on, by Forroad about school in forest

Pretext byit can be used with the pronuches of the 1st and 2nd face in the form of a pr. P.: i miss you, fired on us, I miss you, shot on us.

1. Significance:

Disclosure discharges Examples of phrases
1. Temporary: in continuation, for, for, k, on, before, by, with, after, through, before, through, Work in continuation Season, build on thea month earlier.
2. Spatial (indicate in place): in, y, around, for, from, on, above, about, under, with. Go in Forest, walk about at home.
3. Objects (indicate the subject): in, for, k, on, above, about, oh, from, with, by, instead, like, like. Speak about You ask about Work
4. Causes: due to, due to (\u003d due to), due to, from, by. Thanks help friends due to frost.
5. Fashion (image) Action: without, on, by, with, in. Go on the bus, talk bytelephone.
6. Objectives: for, for, on, for the sake of. Go per Shopping, appear from Visit.
7. Concessions: despite the. Despite rain, contrary to Predictions.

2. By structure:



1. Simple (consist of one word): in, under, on, for, o, k, from.

2. Sophisticated(consist of two simple): due to, from under.

3. Compound (consist of several words): for, in the name, by virtue, in accordance with, despite the.

3. By origin:

By education, the prepositions are divided into 2 groups:

1) non-derivatives(First): in, on, k, for, by, under, with, over, o (O), s, from, for et al. Also include pair, or double, prepositions: over, from under, in favor.The first prepositions are the most ancient, they appeared in the general Slavonic era and are usually from one, two, three sounds;

2) derivativesprepositions, correlate with other parts of speech. Depending on which part of speech, they are formed, stand out:

- n and r e ch n s eprepositions: near, along, inside, past, on the contrary, ahead, about, behind;

- oh e n y eprepositions formed from nouns names: for, by means, by way, due to, due toand etc.;

- o t a d et and in nFormed from adjectives: regarding, relatively C, commensurate, according to, regardless of, like, relatively, respectivelyand etc.

- about tn l and r about lthanks, including, excluding, after, despite, despite, looking at, not counting.

According to the structure, simple, composite and complex prepositions are distinguished. TO pR O C T Sapplications consisting of: from one word: k, above, by means, due toand etc. C O C T A V N S Eprepositions - undeveloped, include the pretext and the following name behind it: during, in continuation, on the line, based on, on the issue, by the part, by part, due toetc. S l o zh about with about with t and in nprepositions consist of an indirect case of nouns and pretexts to him and after it: in the direction of, in contrast to, in relation to, in response to, due toet al., as well as from a brief adjective, adverbs or verbalia, followed by the primary pretext: despite the on-line with, together with, regardless of, after, right up, depending onand etc.

§ 4. Values \u200b\u200bof prepositions.

In the semantics of predictions there is an inextricable relationship of lexical and grammatical values.

The values \u200b\u200bexpressed using predictions are very diverse and are not fully described in linguistic literature. Let's call part of them:

1) pR O S T R A N C T N E N Y E(or local): in, on, k, y, about, between, around, nearand etc.: in the house, in front of the house, around the house, near the houseetc.;

2) in the r e m n n y(or temporal): b, after, for, continued, after, after: after lunch, within an hour, after half an hour;

3) pR and C AND N N Y E(or causal): For the sake of, due to, due to, due to, due to, due to: redden from shame, due to bad weather, because of the misfortune, due to the upcoming exam, thanks to good conditions, etc. ;

4) C E L E A: for, for, by, on, to, in order to: make a brother, to seek help, in order to preserve, in order to achieve success, etc.;

5) g.: FROM, from: by origin from the nobles, a person from the Earth;

6) o n s: out of, in, s, without, under: dress in polka dot, walls of marble, eyes without shine, bag under the skin;

7) C r and n and the same, like, according to: The sky with sheepskin seems to be the best indicators against last year;

8) U C T U P and T E L H Y E: Contrary to, despite, despite: contrary to the established conditions, despite difficulties;

9) about tn o w e n i s o v m e s t n o s t i: s, together with, together with: We and I and I worked together with Tovaping;

10) d and s t p and b y t and in n(Distributive): by, on: distribute on the apple, distribute for two;

11) o t n o sh e n i u d a l e n i n i p r about t and in about p about with t and in l e n i(ablative, or carive): without, outside, for: to stay without parents, was outside the Institute;

12) t R A N S G R E C C and B N S E(Transition from one state to another): from, in, on: break into pieces, turn into dust,: from a hood into the cargo;

13) o t n o n i i o b r a z a and c p o u b a d e y with t in and me: according to, in, on, through, under, with, with, before: play for money, talk to souls, say jokingly;

14) oh r and n and h and t e l(Limitative): according to, in relation to, in the area, in relation to: Deputy for personnel, make decisions in the field of education, solve problems against brother;

15) y with l o n y e: when, in the case, provided: to operate with (in case of case), subject to decision;

16) f and n and t and in n s а: by, before: Owl of the throat, tired to hell;

17) D E L and B E R A T and V N S E (indication of the content, reason of judgment, the subject of speech, thoughts): O (OB), about, about, about, over: think about the mother, talking Assembly, reflect on the task;

18) o t n o s e n i z and m e with t and t e s t in a, staying in the role of anyone: for, instead of: remained for (instead of) director.

The values \u200b\u200bof the prepositions, especially multivalued, are implemented in the context. The minimum context is a control and controlled word, from the lexical values \u200b\u200bof which the attitude expressed with the help of the pretext. So, for example, the pretext inin combination i go to the institutehas spatial value in combination i will come at five o'clock- temporary, and in combination break into small sand- Transgressive. The context creates conditions for the implementation of the pretext values. There are contexts in which the pretext is significantly in itself, and these values \u200b\u200bare detected in the same context: on the table - in the table, under the table - above the table, in front of the table - at the table.


Ticket number 2.

1. Signs of adjective and verb at communities.

Communion combines the importance and signs of verb and adjective.

Denot to the sign of the subject in action, the communion is easily correlated with the verb.

Example: flying ball..

Flying - The one that flies.


  • Adjective denotes sign of subject in color, shape, smell, propertyetc., this sign is permanent (round ball, glass glass).

  • Communion is indicating sign of actionwhich flows over time (the student, the decisive task - the student who has solved the task) and can be completed or unfinished (the student who has solved the task of owls. View; the solid task is not. View).
^ WATER WATER: the communion is not hidden (they differ from the verb), and inclined as adjectives.

Signs of verb are present at the communities because the communities are formed from the verbs.

1) Communion, like verbs, may be non-returnable and returnable:

washing - washing.

2) Communion, like verbs, have the kind there are a perfect and imperfect species: Reading (not. at.) - I have read (owned.).

^ Communion retain the view of the verb from which they were formed:

3) Communions, like verbs, have time - real and past:

pushing (NAS. BP.) - Pushed (POST. BP).

^ Unlike verbs, the communion does not have a form of a future time.

Signs of adjective.


  1. denotes a sign of the subject;

  2. varies by childbirth, numbers, cases, consistent
With a defined noun

Signs of verb

1) Adige and Eadlessness

2) perfect and imperfect

3) Present and past time

^ 2. Concept of pretext. Discharges in value and origin.

According to its origin, the prepositions are divided into non-derivatives and derivatives.

Non-derivatives The prepositions arose for a very long time, so they are currently not correlated with any significant words: from, from, s, y, k, for, in, on, for, o, through, when etc.

Most non-derivative predictions are meaningful and lessonimicious with filiers: perride per forest inkick in forest, fromkick from the woods, fromkick from the mountains, on theride on the table.

Derivatives Prepositions were formed at a later time from the words of other parts of speech and divided into nareny, filty and verbal.

Nareny Prepositions mainly express spatial and temporal relations, for example: near at home, about rivers around cities, ahead detachment after lunch.

Filty Prepositions were formed from various case forms of nouns virgin and express object and some circumstantial relations, for example: about work, about statements through. consoles in view of wreck on the occasion of holiday during lesson, etc.

Verbal Prepositions occurred OT. tempecism and express various circumstant relationships ( causes, seeds, temporary et al.), for example: thanks concerns despite disease, laying week.

Derivatives should be distinguished from the homonymous independent speech parts: thanks ( pretext) efforts due to ( tempecios) for the support; Alternault ( pretext) enemies - go in advance ( adverb).

^ 3. Concept of text. The main signs of the text.

In linguistics, not only phrases and suggestions are being studied, but also various combinations of completed proposals per unit of greater volume. The largest of these units is text.

^ Text (from Latin textus. - "fabric", "plexus", "compound", "Structure", "Communication") - this speech workconsisting of a number of proposals located in a certain sequence and united by unity of the topic, the main thought and using various language funds.

Subject- This is the designation of the subject of speech, that is, those life phenomena or questions that are selected by the author and are depicted in its work (often the topic is reflected in the title). What is said in the text.

The basic idea (idea) text transmits the author's attitude to the subject of speech, its assessment of the depicted.

^ The main signs of the text are:

1) completion, meaningful finisheswhich is manifested in full (from the author's point of view) of the disclosure and in the possibility of autonomous perception and understanding of the text;

2) connectivity, manifest, first, in the location of proposals in such a sequence, which reflects the logic of the development of thought ( semantic connectedness); secondly, in a certain structural organization, which is drawn up with the help of lexical and grammatical means of the language;

3) style unitywhich is that the text is always drawn up stylistically: as a conversational, official-business, scientific, journalistic or artistic style.

4) wholenesswhich manifests itself in combining connections, completion and style unity.

Together with the case endings of nouns, various semantic values \u200b\u200bare expressed. According to the sentences are divided into discharges:

Spatial (place): B, on, due, under, around, around, y, over: relax on the sea, work in the field, sit under the umbrella.
Temporary (time): Through, k, before, with, before, during: Rest in November, write an hour, come the other day.
Causes (reason): from, due to, due to, due to: redden from embarrassment, keep in mind.
Target (goal): For, for the sake of reading for children, work for the sake of benefits.
Image image (indicate an action image): C, without, in, from: Play with hobby, laugh from the soul.
Objects (the subject to which the action is directed): Oh, about, about, by, with: talk about the book, quarrel with a friend.
By origin, the prepositions are divided into derivatives and non-derivatives.

Unproductive prepositions consist of one sound, one syllable, two syllables: without, under, for, in front of, pro, software, from, o, for.

Derivatives pretexts can be formed from:

instant: Nearby, near, around, contrary to: to watch around yourself, go towards each other;
Nouns: During, in connection, due to, in the case of: during the week, due to frost;
Temployees: Thanks, despite, despite: I went inappreciating the weather.

25. Union as a service part of speech.

Union.

The Union is the service part of the speech that binds members of the proposal in the composition of complex:

In my soul, as in the ocean,
Hopes of broken load lies.
(M. Lermontov.)

The general grammatical importance of unions is the designation of writing and supervisory relationships between words and suggestions.

Syntax functions: Unions are not part of the sentences.

On the structure of the union there are simple and composite.

Simple consist of one word: and, but, but, yes, that if, when.

Composite consist of two or more words: but, due to the fact that, since, as long as.

By the meaning of the union are divided into writing and subordinates.

Writing Unions

Writing alliances (and, but, yes, or, no, something) associate homogeneous members of the sentence, simple proposals in the composition of complex.

By meaning, they are divided into:
Connectors (yes, no, and - not only, but also, too, also): Savelyev lost and also fell on his knees;
Constive (A, but, yes): The country is huge, but the road is not so frequent. (E. Permyak.);
Separating (or, or, something, not that - not that): it fell as if fog, then suddenly absorbed a braid rain. (L. Tolstoy.)

Subordination unions

Supporting unions (when, then, so, because, as if, as if) connect simple proposals to the complex.

By meaning, they are divided into categories:

Temporary (when, while, barely, only, only): When they brought tea, I already slept.
Causes (because, since, because, because): Never refuse the small in work, for the great one is built. (I. Pavlov.)
Target (in order to in order to): In order to learn how to tell the truth to people, you need to learn to speak it yourself. (L. Tolstoy.)
Conditional (if, if that, if): if love disappears, then there is no need to live.
Suspended (although, despite the fact that, let him): I was not afraid at all, although the thunderstorm continued everything.
Comparative (as if, as if, exactly): And herself is Majik, acts like a pava. (A. Pushkin.)
Investigative (what, so that): It freezes on the street so that it is impossible to exit.
Issuctive that, as if): And he heard to me as if the snow crousts. (M. Lermontov.)

26. Particle as a service part of speech.

Particles

Particles are the service parts of the speeches that give various additional shades of words and suggestions or serve to form the forms of words: Birds did not sing, even nightingale silent.

The general grammatical value of particles is an expression of additional shades of value, it is distinguished by a large variety.

Forming and word-forming particles are distinguished.

Form the lion of verb: let them go. If i knew?
Form the forms of degrees of comparison: the most beautiful, no less intelligent.

Particle discharge by value:

Questionally: Really, whether;
Exclamations: what kind of, how;
Index: here, won, it;
Amplifying: even, because;
Negative: not, nor;
Refine: just, it is;
Restrictive: only, only.

27. Russian spelling as a system of generally accepted letters. Principles of Russian spelling.

Spelling rules related to writing roots, consoles, suffixes and endings, a lot. But the main leading principle is one. Consider examples.

Why in the Word Water is rooted about, and in the word grass - eh?

Why are different endings in nouns: from the village and to the village?

Why should I write oak, but soup? After all, the same sound is heard [P].

Why is sad spelled with the letter t, and delicious - without it?

It seems here are different spelling rules, however, they can be combined on the basis of the leading principle of spelling, which requires that the writing: 1) did not trust hearing and did not write as he hears; 2) checked questionable writing; 3) remembered that the test is possible only in the same morpheme (root, end, etc.); 4) I knew how to correctly choose the test word. The radio, know the strong positions: for vowels - this is a position under the stress, and for consonants - before vowels and in front of L, M, N, B.

Remembering this, you can easily check out all the examples above: water - water, grass - herbs, from the village - from the river, to the village - to the river, oak - oaks, soup - soups, sad - sad, delicious - tasty.

You can also check the writing of suffixes and consoles. What letter (e, me, and) is written in the suffix of the word lane? The word lane is the "consisting of feathers", "similar to feathers". The same suffix is \u200b\u200bin words: rocky, radiant, grainy. Consequently, it is necessary to write the letter and - peristically.

Linden or linden? Check: pine,

The same in consoles. Why the prefix is \u200b\u200bwritten through a, a no through say, it is necessary to remember that the prefixes of Zo and Pa do not happen (by the way, the prefix pa- is stepsok, flooding, nozzle). Let's try to check: dimly, light up - under the stress A; Train, funeral, handwriting - under the stress of.

The prefix is \u200b\u200bin words to make, reset, it sounds like z, but if you put it in a strong position, it will become clear that the consoles are not in Russian. There is no: break, cut, disrupt, bind.

Thus, all the rules have the same bases. They define the leading principle of Russian spelling. Such a principle when the sound is checked by a strong position is called morphological. This principle is the most convenient for Russian letter.

One of the main signs of the literary language is its normalization, i.e. the availability of norms. Language rate is a sample, this is how it is customary to speak and write in this language society in this era. The norm defines that correctly and what - no, it recommends some linguistic means and expression methods and prohibits others. For example, the colidor cannot be said, it is necessary to say the corridor, it is impossible to say calls - only calls. Language rules are objectively developing in the process of language practice of members of society. Norms may vary over time, but for a long time they are stable. Compliance with norms facilitates the use of a literary language. The rules permeate all the tiers of the literary language. There are orthoepic standards, i.e. pronunciation, prescribing how to put an emphasis in the Word, how to pronounce one or another sound: squeezed [blind]; Quarter (not a quarter), more beautiful (not more beautiful, not beautiful).

Under the lexical standards it is understood as the correctness of the choice of the word and the relevance of its application. For example, the expression is the author of the goal - undesirable. Also incorrectly cavalcada clouds, I wish good success, since the word "cavalcada" means a group of riders for a walk, and the successes cannot be bad.

Grammar norms are divided into morphological and syntax.

Morphological norms define the correctness of the formation and use of the word forms. For example, a normal form of a multiple multiple stockings, boot, but the socks, cannot be speaking, business, should not change the unclear nouns: in a new pallet, incorrectly: better (just - better) or the most mental (clearest or smartest) .

Syntactic standards regulate the formation of phrases and proposals, for example, when managing: it cannot be said about ... (Shows a bit oh?), Confidence in victory (in victory), the limit of patience (patience), pay for travel (pay h T oh?); Looking at this film, I became sad (looking at this film, I buried. Or: I was sad, after I looked at this film).

Under the proprietary norms understand spelling and punctuation norms. Specographic norms are the rules for writing words, they are fixed in spelling dictionaries, school textbooks in Russian language and benefits.

Punctuation norms dictate the rules for the formulation of punctuation marks. They are set forth in textbooks and manuals in the Russian language and in the Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation (1956).

28. Use of capital and lowercase letters. Word transfer rules.

cursive letter lowercase letter
- Writing at the beginning of the offer, paragraph, text (I want to go walk. When I will do lessons, I will go to the street.) - Writing at the beginning of a direct speech (she said: "Please come." - He is written by the middle and in the end of the word (Mom, Russia). - Writing the middle of the sentence, if the word does not represent the name of his own or some name (he arrived late at night).
Written from a capital letter From the lowercase letters are written
- names of institutions and organizations, incl. International (State Duma, United Nations), - names of countries and administrative-territorial units (United Kingdom, United States of America, Moscow region), names, patronymic and surnames (Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich) - the names of historical events and, holidays are their own names ): March 8, the Great Patriotic War. - Names of ranks, titles (lieutenant Popov), - Words of comrade, citizen Mr., Mr., etc. (Mr. Brown, Citizen Petrov)

General

Introductory comments.Registered (large, title) letter is used in two different functions.

First, it serves to highlight the start of certain segments of the text. To this end, it is written from the capital letter the first word of the text, as well as the first word after the point, dots, questioning and exclamation marks that end the proposal. In the traditional Russian verse, it is highlighted in the capital letter the beginning of each poetic line.

Secondly, the capital letter serves to allocate individual words, regardless of the structure of the text. The following are the rules governing the use of a capital letter in the second function.

Among the words allocated to the capital letter differ: 1) the names of their own in the narrow sense of the word and 2) names.

Names in a narrow sense include names and nicknames of people and animal nicknames, geographical and astronomical names. The names include the names of institutions, organizations, associations, historical eras and events, holidays, mass events, orders, architectural monuments, as well as the names of newspapers, magazines, awards, works of art, societies, enterprises, industrial products, and so on.

§ 157.Selecting words in the text using a capital letter used to oppose your own and nominal names: nominal names are written with lowercase letters, own - with capital. Wed, eg: lion - Lion, Nevsky Beach - Alexander Nevsky, Red Cap - Red Hat (fabulous character), health - Journal "Health".

All words in the composition of their own names (in a narrow sense), in addition to the official words and words denoting the generic concept, are written from the capital letter, for example: Nikolay Vasilyevich Gogol, Vladimir Red Sunshko, Kashtanka, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Kaluga region, Eastern European Plain, Palace Square, Polar Star.

In the names of their own - names consisting of several words, only the first word is written from the capital letter (except when the name includes other eigen names), for example: World Federation of Trade Unions, Museum of History of Moscow, Russian Language Institute named A. S. Pushkin, Petrovskaya Epoch, Kulikovskaya Battle, Moscow News (newspaper), "War and Peace" (novel), "Veteran of labour" (medal).

§ 158.Names Own can be used to summarize homogeneous objects, becoming nominalized; In this case, the capital letter in many cases is replaced by the line.

Are nominal names and are written from the lowercase letter of the units of measurement, data on the names of scientists ( ampere, Volt, Pascal, X-rayetc.), as well as the names of objects, products (types of clothing, weapons, fabrics, beverages, etc.), data on personal names, the names of firms, geographical names, eg: makintosh, Colt, Winchester, Boston, Bordeaux, Khokhloma, Adidas;but: Faberge (as the name of the products of this company).

Own names of historical, literary or mythological characters, consuming generally (portable) as the names of people with certain features of character and behavior, are written in inherentine - one with the line, others from the capital letter. Their writing, determined by the tradition of consumption, is established in vocabulary. So, words donkomot, Donjun, Robinson, Dervortord, Judas, Metsenat, Hercules,used in a none sense, written from the lowercase letters, and Hamlet, Bakes, Manilan, Plushkin, Histakov, Mitrofanushka, Apollo, Cicero, Napoleonand many others retain the capital letter. The same applies to the generalized (portable) use of geographical names: so, the lowercase letters are written olympus"Elected Circle, the top of which-n. society", sodom"Full mess, chaos", khodyanka"Massive fan of people in the crowd", kamchatka"Rear rows in the hall, in class", but save the capital letter in portable values Mecca, Vandy, Klondike, Cherry, Hiroshima, Chernobyland etc.

The use in the nominal meaning of such names in the form of a plural does not require the replacement of the capital letter to the line, for example: Ivanov who do not remember kinship; Gallop in Europe; We are all looking at Napoleons(P.); soviet balls; Nuclear explosion with power in tens of Hirosim.

Note. Writing personal names from the lowercase letter (usually in the form of mn. H.) It is allowed as an expression-stylistic technique, most often in order to enhance a negative or ironic assessment of the person: modern chikchiki, Azephs, Robespierre, Novoyed Goebbelsetc.

Rules of transfer

Introductory comments. When the text is locating on the page (printed, machine-writing, handwritten), there are no discretion cases of the end of the line with a space sign, which is why there is a need to break the letter chain corresponding to the word. Such a gap is indicated by the sign of the transfer (dash). To reduce inconvenience, arising in connection with this when reading the text, transfer rules. The transfer rules is based on a syllable principle. However, in some cases, the word membership is taken into account on significant parts.

§ 211.It is not allowed to leave on the line or transfer to the next line one letter. For example, it is impossible to transfer: a-kation, Akatsi.


§ 212.It is not allowed to leave on the line or transfer to the next line an alphabet chain that does not contain a vowel letter. For example, it is impossible to transfer: cm-ox, sun-ice, price-TP, Tre-Art.

§ 213.It is not allowed to separate from the preceding consonant letter kommersantand bRight transfer: out-ride, Kohl-Tso, Perch-yami, Boule-He;transfer: from-hide, Cole-B, Per-Yami, Bul-ryon.

§ 214.Not allowed to separate the letter transfer j.from the preceding vowel letter. Right transfer: ray-he, howl, stand-in;transfer: ra-Jon, in-yna, hundred-yki.

§ 215.It is not allowed to separate the vowel letter from the previously consonant letter, if this consonant is not the last letter of the console. Right transfer: chu-duck, ka-min, up-of-my, Sha-Moon, Ba Lyk, Ple-Ner, Ple-shadow, is a ho-ball, Bi-Ryuk;transfer: mi-Ak, Kam-in, Bir-Yuketc.

If the prefix ends with the consonant, and there should be a vowel letter behind it, the transfer in accordance with this rule is possible, but it is possible to also be a transfer that corresponds to the word membership on significant parts. Allowed, for example, not only transport bE-Zavarynayaand bez-Varyny, Ra-Zoruand different to break, dareand thinkbut also without accidents, once-weapons, under-learning.

Note. If, after the console, the end of the consonant letter, follows the letter, then only the transfer after the vowel letter is allowed: ra-Zygry.or different times.

§ 216.Cut the transfer of double consonants, included in the root or forming root and suffix bog, eg: juju-to press, Mas-Ca, horse, spring, Rus-sky.Transfer: zhu-zhgorp, ma-ssy, which, weighing, ru-usskyor russian.

However, after the prefixes, double consonants may not be divided during transfer; Possible, for example, transport cozy, quarreland coolas, strangled.

§ 217.A group of unequal consonants in the middle of the words included in the root or forming the root and suffix bog can be broken by the transfer in any way, for example: cE-CE, SES-TRAand sister; Tse-Nratic, price-trawlingand CENT-ROLIT; birthand birth; Decision, Children's Childrenand childhood; noisyand noisy.

If in the consonant part group belongs to the console or if the entire group begins the second part of the substracted word, it is preferable to take into account the word membership on significant parts. Preferred transfers: sub-beat, under-throw, at-sly, from-to-judge.Permissible transfers: to edit, subbreed; asshole; Out-Thuragonand pull-hurt.

§ 218. On the junction of the complex or comprehensive words, only such transports are possible, which correspond to the word membership on significant parts, for example: auto-trailer, le-co-steps, new-administration, two-atomic, three-grams, Py-Ti-gram, special clothing, specialist, san node, state-in-in, Children.

§ 219. Not to be transferred: a) abbreviations writing (in whole or in part) with capital letters, eg: DOSAAF, UNESCO, KAMAZ; b)graphic cuts, eg: bd, zh.-d., p / sch; in)writing, which are a combination of numbers and endings of words, eg: 20th, 365th.

Optional rule. When transferring, the difference between the writing of words is pouncently and through the hyphen; Wed: military-obliged (Writing military Racheled) I. naval (Writing naval). To preserve the differences, it is necessary to repeat the hyphen in the second case at the beginning of the transferred part: military / Limit.This rule applies at the request of the writing.

Note. With this rule, the text of this spelling of spelling rules is printed.

29. Orphograms in the console.

Before talking about spelling consoles, consider the orthogram, the writing of which is regulated by the features and consoles, and the roots of words.

1. Spelling K and b;


I. Spelling K and b

View of the Orphogram Condition Examples

Dividing b

 After the prefixes on the consonant pass, the Entry, rise, announcement, eating, furious, combine, interconnect, unflash-free, interleptory
After foreign-speaking consists, the consonants (ab-, administrative dis-, in-, inter-, con-, control, ob-, pan-, sub-, trans-) before E, Yu, I Pan-European, adjutant, adjuncture, disjunction, injection, conjuncture, conjunctivitis, subject.
After numeral two-, three-, four- front Bunk, three-core, quad-tier
In some surnames type Power
In the word flag
In the middle of the word (not after the prefix) in borrowed words Feldgerer
In comprehensive words such as the Slavor, INAZ, chatted, orgingbing bukva is not written
In the complex words that write through the hyphen, the type-union books Kommersant is not written

Dividing b

 In roots, suffixes and endings before it is- Barrier, fox, bone, bunign, piano (writing pianois obsolete)
In foreign language words before - Broth, Pavilion, Champignon
In the word, the Council (from the word Dyak)
In the word interior with b (here is not the prefix)

II. Spelling consoles

Type of consoles View of the prefix Condition Examples
Unchangeable Prop-, pre-, beyond, it is necessary, it is necessary, it is necessary-, na., Under-, o-, , sub-, pre-, and among-, interlayed Always pishutsyaodeinakovo Burn, streamlined, enjoyment, defill, subscriber, incident, predecessor, trusted, experiencing.
Vowels in consoles - (Ras-) - Rose- (Ros-) Under the stress -o-without emphasis - Sledge - collapse, painting - a receipt, draw - play
Consoles on z-s Non-void, non-low, nis-, expanded, including Before vowels and ring consonants - z, before the deaf-eyed - with Challengeless - continuously, explosive - dreamed, indelible- exhausted, to impart-no scroll, scatter - clear, wrapping, the dissolution, excessive checker

Pre- and

 \u003d so Presenter
\u003d re- Interrupt
Accession Sew
Infidency action Sit down
Nearness Seaside