River Indigirika

Perhaps most residents of Russia, at least somehow familiar with the geography of the native country, heard about the Indigir. And for this majority it seems very far, wild and eminent river. In fact, if with an indigil to get acquainted in reality, it turns out that these ideas are not far from the truth. Although, as in all other rivers, people were settled on the banks of the Indigir. Once yukagira, eunes and other nations, later Yakuts and Russians. But even so far there are not so many settlements here, and they are not very large.


The routes of many of my expeditions are associated with an indigir.

Basic Markers of the River Indigirika

The largest settlement of Ust-Nehra, with a population of about six thousand people, although in the best Soviet times, during the heyday of geological activity, here the number of residents reached twelve thousand. But now for the Ust-Nez, there are prospects, because the village is located at the intersection of two transport arteries - the Kolyma highway, the only road crossing the river and connecting Yakutsk with Magadan, and the Indigir itself, which in this capacity works not only in the summer, but also in winter. It is from Ust-Nier that navigation for small boats is possible below the river, but only before the place called the "Indigir Pipe". There, the river is included in the narrow and harsh gorge among the mountains of the karsky Ridge, where the formidable and impassable thresholds are raging. Navigation also exists at the bottom of the river from the mouth to the Honuu village. But when the Indigirka freezes, then she becomes an expensive, the winter engine on which all cargo transportation is carried out to the villages located below the river. And even from Chokurdha himself, which is already at the lowest course, you can go to the Kolyma highway, and from here anywhere, at least to Moscow. But Zimnik on Indigir is a separate topic worthy of his story, the road is harsh and dangerous, but there is no other here.
Indigirika is one of the largest rivers of the North-East of Russia, having an independent stock into the sea. Her length, along with the origins, reaches almost two thousand kilometers. Although, in fact, this river is called only after the merger of two rivers Torah-Yuras and Taryn-Yurach. The origins of the Indigir take their origin in the ridge of Suuntar Hayat and the Oymyakan Highlands, then the river dissects the ridges of a huge mountain system, called the Black Range, the most sublime in the north-east of the country. It is here that the most severe and difficult places on the river, but here, and the most beautiful. Coming out of the mountains of the Karsky Ridge, the indigilion carries its waters at the Mom-Selenshnicheskaya Monegurnacetta. Then it crosses not very high spurs of the music ridge and only after that finally goes to the plain, where the remaining little more than a thousand kilometers to the East Siberian Sea flows in the lowland shores. From the very beginning to the mouth of the Indigirka proceeds through the territory of Yakutia.
As for the name of the river, then under this name she became known in geography since the 1636th year, when the Tobolsky Cossack Ivan Rebir reached here by the sea from the mouth of Yana. This was the first opening of the Indigir Russian. From local languages, the name can be translated as "dog river", it is probably due to the fact that local residents from pets had only dogs. However, there is another version that the Even Fan of Indies lived here. Indigyr - people of the genus indie. But all these versions will leave historians.
On the Indigir, you can tell a lot of interesting things, in completely different aspects. And in no way avoid, of course, the landscape or aesthetic attractiveness of this river. There are so many surprisingly beautiful places that no one will leave indifferent. It's just a paradise for a professional landscape photographer. But paradise is severe and hard to reach. And, due to the fact that there are not many people here, the places of these few few have seen. And even more so, visually few people represented on a wide review. So it's time to do it.

The routes of my photo expeditions more than once woven the Indigirka River. I know her from the most rims to Chokurdah. And I can confess that Indigirka is my favorite river in the territory of Yakutia. I am glad to acquaint with her wild and pristine beauty.


After the Indigirka will overcome the mountains of the Chealoginsky Range, the last obstacle from the ridges of the Mountain System, for some time it goes to the bristle of Mom-Selennjeh Multiple Basin. But it is not for long, only before the imposition of the great right influx of Moma River. Behind the mouth of moms, the river is revealed to the mountains, only now it is already the fathers of the music ridge. Here, too, you can find many very beautiful places and angles. The moms of the Mountains are the latter on the path of Indigirka, then she goes to the plain and flows in lowland shores to the exit to the sea.


CHEVERSK. Perhaps this is the most historical place on an indigracy associated with the history of development by the Russian state of new territories in the north-east of the continent. In 1639, the detachment of serving people under the start of Ivanov's postnuter from the Yana River's heads, where Verkhoyansk was already then, it was dry, that is, on horseback, he moved to an indigracy. Here, where the river proceeds among the opposites of the mom's ridge, almost opposite the mouth of the left inflow of the proloadine and was supplied with wintering. This was just a hut at that time.
In the middle of the century, Zimovier was equipped, and it was discouraged by an inseparable wall, several towers were built in the corners of the Ostrog. And they lived on the adjacent territory, mainly yukagira. Four times the walls were siege. And about 1700, the Savior Transfiguration Church of the brigade of local carpenters led by Andrei Khovarov was built. This church, one of the masterpieces of Russian wooden architecture, is relying, was built without a single nail from larch. And most importantly, miraculously survived to the present day. Unfortunately, but this is reasonable, there is no it now. In 1971, it was transported to Novosibirsk, restored and installed on the territory of the historical and architectural museum under the open-air. And in her place now there is a chapel.
The sewer was based primarily as the Military Administrative Center for Harvesting Yasaka. The city stood at the intersection of the most important roads. From Yakutsk through the stubborn, the land traps on the Kolyma and further to Anadyr, they floated on an indigion to the ice ocean. Expeditions of Stadukhina and Dezhnev stopped here. The importance of Cashiersk in the first half of the XVIII century was especially increased, when the works of the Great Northern Expedition were unfolded. Through the city, the detachments of researchers of the Arctic Ocean of Laptev and Sarychev took place.
According to historical data, the last page in the history of the city is associated with the epidemic of a black smallpox, which fell into citizens in 1883 and destroyed almost all.
Cashierc is no longer restored after that terrible epidemic.



After the river again goes to the space from the close gorge of the "Indigir Pipe", she cannot calm down for some time. And although the last and most powerful threshold of Krivun remains opposite the right influx of Kuewell Musta, still some time on the river there are sewers. And about ten kilometers below the curvoon on the left in the Indigir flows the Bibagala river. Here, finally, the valley of the river is significantly expanding, and there are stunning views of the mountains of the empty ridge, one of many in the global mountain system of the Black Sprink. It is the exemplary ridge and is an obstacle to an indigracy path, which she successfully overcomes. But from the mouth of the Chibagalaha mountain of the empty ridge is no longer perceived as an obstacle, but are perceived as a discontinuity decoration for the photographer. And this distant plan is usually generous for surprises.







In the vicinity of the village of Ust-Nehra, which is under the impression of noners into an indigra, on an extensive area, many remaining complexes are scattered on tops and ridges of mountains folded. Similar non-homework granite idols are found in other regions of Yakutia, they are called their kisilyah. But this is in Russian transcription, it sounds closer on Yakutsky as kigili, and Kiһyliehi is written. This is from the word Kiһi - a man, that is similar to man. Indeed, in the guise of remains you can see anything, including finding similarity with a person and even see a certain character. There are Kisilyakhi and very close to Ust-Neroy, it is worth only to get out of the village and climb the mountain. But the most interesting and most needed to seek a little away, below the indigracy on the right bank, almost immediately behind the mouth of the Nebr.


Approximately twenty kilometers below the non-residential village of the ass, an indigilion makes a cool loop. The river carrying his waters here to the north, suddenly shutting down in an irresistible barrier and sharply turns south. But then, bypassing this barrier, reappears to the north and then a little east. As a result, almost closes the loop. You can even figure it out, the river is tied to the node. This characteristic loop is called here - Horseshoe. And if you look at the card, then the comparison with this horsepower will seem quite appropriate. But in the photo here is not her horseshoe, but the bend of the river before entering this loop. But the photographer is just standing in the place where the most narrow horseshoe seat is in its foundation.


Slightly below the two closed already diligent villages - the ass and Khatynnnakh, but a little higher than the Healthy Tywell's Slaughterhouse, and it is also called Chumbup-Kytyl, and there is a rather large influx of Inyali into an indigracy, and almost on the contrary, the river is smaller, under title a shoenka. Support and Khatnnah are still to the Oymyakon ulus, but the tubels are already at the time. In this place, the indigilian lays a cool loop, and the Valley of Inynali and the Wereginski are practically perpendicular to the indigir valley. They clearly developed on a tectonic one, intersecting the valley of the Indigir. And on all this intersection, the space is created, stunning with its beauty. Especially striking the widely operated Valley of Inynali, with the mountains, as if leaving somewhere in the distance. And in Inyali and in the existence, prospecting artel works are actively working, but not gold is the present property of these places. Promotional beauty is the real value.



In the summer of 2013, a flood happened on Indigir. The maximum level reached the plus eight meters to the intermane. Almost all the villages on the river were flooded. It so happened that it was at this time that I had a photo-expedition on an indigracy. And so it turned out that the flood found our small team at the entrance to the "Indigir Tube" gorge. An extensive braid, where we broke the camp, rapidly began to decrease and eventually became an island. Nothing remained, how to flee on the catamaran. The turbid river carried tons of garbage, the whole trunks of trees were jumped out of the water, threatening us, and the steep and rocky shores of the gorge did not leave the chances to safely adjust. Salvation was waiting for us at the mouth of the left tributary called Moljogoydokh. It was quite possible to arrive and go ashore. Two days we spent on Molzogoyukha, while waited for the moment when the first wave of flood and the river will stop carrying garbage in such quantities. These two days passed not in vain, the inflow turned out to be very photogenic and gave many interesting personnel. And on this peaceful photography, nothing says that is going on on the indigracy itself.

The river nutrition is mixed: rain (50-65%), snow (20-40%) and underground (5-10%).

Mid-year water consumption on the hydrological post (G / P) Vorontsovo (350 km from the sea) 1600 m 3 / s (volume of annual flow 50.498 km 3).

For the river, the East Siberian type of water regime is characteristic: spring-summer flood, summer-autumn flooding period, short aircraft autumn and low winter interley. The flood passes in May-June during 55 days; It accounts for 46% of the annual flow of the river. The average flood consumption is 7,850 m 3 / s, the maximum consumption of the river - from 3360 to 11700 m 3 / s. The second multi-water phase is associated with rain floods forming a single wave of elevated flow. The maximum water consumption during floods is changed from 1500 to 11100 m 3 / s. Water drain over the flooding period is 18% annual. The duration of individual floods is on average nine days. The minimum water consumption for the open-end period (638 m 3 / s) is observed before the ice station. In the winter center in the lower reaches, water costs are reduced to 6.8 m 3 / s.

In early June, a sharp rise of water levels begins: 51-56 cm / day in the middle course, 7-14 cm / day in the delta. Down the river height of the spring rise water levels is reduced: p. Vorontsovo (350 km from the sea) - 8.8 m, maximum 11.1 m, pos. Chokurdah (187 km from the sea) 7.5 m and 8.9 m, at the top of the delta (130 km from the sea) - 4-5 m, at the village. Tabor (24 km from the sea) - 2.6 m and 3.2 m, on the O-ve Nekova (0 km) - 1.1 m and 1.6 m. Rising levels at 11-1.5 m. On Flood waves recession overlap. In the summer-autumn flooding period, the levels of levels at p. Vorontsovo reaches 1.4 m (maximum 4.5 m), at the village. Chokurdakh 1.4 m (2.8 m), at the village. Tabor - up to 0.5 m (1.2 m), U-va Nekhkov - 0.4 m (1.05 m). Tides on the mouth of the seaside reach 30 cm; The on-va Nekkova - 5-7 cm. Sign-navigable level fluctuations (at the seaside of 1.5-2 m) extend to the center of 50-60 km from the sea, sometimes - above the village. Chokurdah (187 km from the sea).

The average thickness of ice y with. Vorontsovo in early May 125 cm, at the village. Chokurdah - 174 cm, O-va Nekkova - 213 cm. Spring iceshirt lasts on average seven days. In the delta, the duration of the period without ice phenomena is 100-107 days.

The average flow rate of weighted applications. Vorontsovo - 372 kg / s, the annual value of the set of applications of 11.7 million tons. The average-haired turbidity of water in the lower reaches - 231 g / m 3, in the flood - about 300 g / m 3, in the rain floods - 200-300 g / m 3 , in winter - from 10-12 to less than 3 g / m 3.

In the upper course of the indigilion - the mountain and dormitory (59% length) of the river, pebble bed, on the bottom of the river there are many stone protrusions (Shiveur). When crossing the Chelginsky ridge, the river flows in a deep gorge, forms thresholds (the largest - bead). Lower mouth r. Moms Indigirkim crosses Momo-Selennyhskaya Vpadina, becomes a flat river, the channel branches on two or three equivalent sleeves. Frections of rocking rocks in line. When intersection of the Mom's Range, the Indigirka again becomes a half-neighboring river with thresholds and speivers. The width of the bed 50-80 m. Below p. The cross-major indigilion finally becomes a flat river, pebble deposits are replaced by sandy. On the Abyu lowland, the riverbed of the river winding, on Jan-Indigir - the straight line of 350-500 m wide prevails. In the lower flow of the river, forming steep emitters, the floodplain branches up to several tens of kilometers are developed. The width of the river is 600-800 m, the depths on the cargo in the interleavement - about 2 m. Along the root shores of the channel relatively straight, undiscreaded (in Olenegorsk, Chokurdah). Delta begins 130 km from the sea. The river is divided into two main sleeves - Russian-Ustinskaya duct and medium. At the exit of the sleeves on the mouth of the seaside are numerous shallow dusty bars. The rate of nomination of the sea edge of the delta in the sea is insignificant.

Indigir water waters are distinguished by low mineralization and hydrocarbonate composition, the predominance of calcium and sodium cations. The mineralization of water in the spring period in the upper course of 20-50 mg / l, in the lower - 40-70 mg / s, during the summer floods varies from 40-65 to 50-85 mg / l, respectively. Midnomarity Ion Stoke in P. Vorontsovo (350 km from the sea) is 3.040 million tons / year.

Economic activities in the indigracy basin are limited to fishing and reindeer herding, the collection of mammoth bone. Indigirika rich in fish, in the mouth - fishing ripples, chir, Muksun, Nelma, Omul, Siga. Gold mining in the pool. Water intake - 0.008 km 3 / year, wastewater discharge - 0.004 km 3 / year.

Indigirika is the only transport highway in the region. Shipping - from the mouth of r. Moms (1154 km from the sea), in Delta - on the sleeve-duct-camp of the average, entering which from the sea limits the basic bar with depths of 0.5-0.6 m. Periodic shipping is carried out by the Sleeve of the Russian-Usto duct until s. Russian mouth. Main Pier: Honuu, Druzhina, Olenegorsk, Chokurdah, Tabor, Russian Usti. In 1974-1975 At the Indigir Bar, a channel was built with a length of 7 km, a width of 40 m, a depth - to 2.5 m. Its structure led to an increase in the penetration of the vegetable sea waters into the river.

At the Indigir, there are proud and settlements of Oymyakon, Ust-Nera, Honuu, White Mountain, Chokurdah. Oymyakon-Refused Pole of the cold; It is considered the coldest point of the northern hemisphere and the coldest settlement on Earth.

V.N. Korotaev, R.S. Chalov

The Indigirk River flows in the north-east of Siberia, in the territory of Yakutia. The name of the river happened from the Even Generic Name of Indiigir - "People of Pin Indi". Russian landlockers XVII century. It was pronounced this name as an indigilian - as well as the name of other major Siberian rivers: Kurekka, Tunguska, Kamchatka.
The indigirk is formed by the merge of the rivers of the hastches and Taryn-Yuras, in the headwaters flows through Oymyakonsky plateau, cutters a kilk ridge along a narrow deep valley, in the lower reaches there is a yan-indigra lowland. Indigir rods are very winding. Indigirika is divided into two sections in the structure of the valley and the bed, as well as the flow rate: the upper mountain (length is 640 km) and the lower plain (length 1086 km).
When plotting in 130 km from the mouth of the Indigirka is divided into sleeves (Russian mouth, medium and Kolyma), forming a 5.5 thousand km 2 delta.
Almost half of the annual flow falls on the period of flood in May - July. Due to the many years of frozen rocks, according to which the river flows, it is characterized by the formation of giant intact-tariffs for it, and in winter, the indigilion in the lower flow will completely move.
Since the river in many places is filled with thresholds and shivery, indigracy shipping is possible only in the middle and lower current, from the signulation of the Mom River (406 km).
Compared to other rivers of the northeastern Siberia, indigilory is rich in fish, but the one that is - valuable species: sterlet, nam, tire, muxun, pelle, rippushka, chir, Nelma, Omul, Sig, and at the mouth of the river enters Kambala.
Indigir pool - the famous area of \u200b\u200bgold mining.
"All robes, yes, rods ..." - this line from the song Bard Alexander Goroditsky, as it is impossible to describe the nature of the river the River Indigir.
The indigilica proceeds from southern to the northern border, crossing four geographic areas (from the south to north): the Tainic forests, Festrup, Tundra and the Arctic desert.
In detail to investigate the course of the Indigirki only in 1926 of the expedition of the Soviet geologist and the future academician Sergey Vladimirovich Obruchev (1891-1965), the son of the famous traveler and researcher Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (1863-1956). In 1926-1935 S. Obruchev studied the indigracy pool and first found that there are industrial gold reserves. S. Obruchev continued and completed the study of a large mining system in the indigracy basin, started by I. D. Cherki (1845-1892), and called it the name of the discoverer - the black ridge.
Currently, the Indigirka remains one of the main water-transport arteries in the north-east of Russia. On her shore is the North Pole of the cold - the village of Oymyakon. In 1933, the temperature of -67.7 ° C was registered here. True, a number of specialists consider Verkhoyansk Cold Pole.
Less famous other landmark Indigirki - Abandoned city of Svariversk. It was founded in 1639, in 1783-1805. He was a county city, but after the epidemic of smallpox 1812-1856. Residents left him, and by the end of the XIX century he finally empty.


general information

Location: Siberia.
Proceeds through the territory of the Russian Federation (The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Power type: mixed with the predominance of rain and melt water (snow, glacier and flooded).

Sources: The merger of the rivers of the hasties and Taryn-Yuras.

Siberia: East Siberian Sea.
The largest tributaries: Right - Moma, Bodyarich, Nehra; Left - villages, Unedina, Allaiha, Burleh.

Large settlements: Ust-Nera - 8385 people. (2010), White Mountain - 2194 people. (2010), Chokurdah - 2105 people. (2010), Honuu - 2,000 people. (2012), Oymyakon - 512 people. (2012).

Numbers

Length: 1726 km.

Pool area: 360,000 km 2.
Middle water consumption: 1850 m 3 / s.
Ramparation of level fluctuations: 7.5 and 11.2 m (highest levels in June - early July).
Sliding stock: 13.7 million tons.

Climate and weather

Sharply continental. ■ In the village of Chokurdah, that at the mouth of the Indigir, is one of the northern ports of Russia: the duration of the navigation is less than three months.

Lena, Yana, Indigirika and Kolyma - the main water arteries of Yakutia. Where does the Indigirk River fall? What are the big tributaries of the River Indigirka? Food and economic use of the River Indigir - all answers to questions in 33 facts and 12 photos.

  1. The river flows into the Kolyma Bay, the East Siberian Sea.
  2. Indigirika, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the largest rivers of Siberia.

  3. On the area of \u200b\u200bcatching rivers, the indigracy pool occupies 3rd place in Yakutia (after Lena and Kolyma) and the 10th in Russia.

  4. To get to the Entigir River, you need to move along the M56 Highway Magadan - Yakutsk and the Ust-Nera Highway - Kadykchan.
  5. The terrain is incomplete. Main settlements on the River - Chokurdah, Honuu, White Mountain, Ust-Nehra, Oymyakon.

  6. The River Indigir is freezing in October and remains under the ice until May-June. Some believe that this is the coldest River Planet.
  7. The harsh winter of this area - Oymyakovskaya Vpadina received world fame as a pole of the northern hemisphere cold. The average January temperature is about -50 ° C, and the absolute minimum -71.2 ° C was recorded in 1926.
  8. The Indigirk River is located in the zone of many years of frozen rocks, for its locality are characteristic of gigantic ice accumulations.
  9. Indigor shipping by 650 miles, but only from June to September, when free from ice.
  10. Main pier on the river:
    ⦁ Honuu
    ⦁ Druzhina
    ⦁ Chokurdakh
    ⦁ Tabor
  11. Gold mining in the Entigir River basin goes for decades. Ust-Nehra is a gold mining center and the largest settlement on the river.
  12. Indigirika sishets fish. The most valuable - Sig, Rocky, Chir, Muksun, Belorebits (Nelma), Omul, Harius.
  13. The village of Russian mouth is located in the Indigir River Delta. Russian settlers live here, whose ancestors came here for several centuries ago. Historians believe that the Russian mouth was settled at the beginning of the 17th century Pomor.
  14. Ivan Resov reached Indigir in 1638. Elisha Buza for the first time paved the land route along the Indigir River system in 1636-42. At about the same time, Ivanov's postnipment rose on the influx of the Lena Lena, recalculated the Verkhoyansky ridge on the water of the upper Yana, and then recalculate the ridge of the black water of the indigracy. In 1642, the Stadkhin reached an indigircuit with land route from Lena.
  15. The village of Zashivsk at Indigir was an important colonial stamina for the polar circle, in the first days of Russian colonization. He was left in the 19th century.
    Chapel in Zashivsk

  16. Other historical settlements, long-abandoned - suburbish, poloous, yundinskoye winterier. These are such aspolyar degrees of the cystrs. They fell asleep as soon as the fur beast was exterminated.
  17. Baron Eduard von Toll spent geological surveys in the indigracy pool (in four of other Far Eastern Siberian rivers) on the task of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in 1892-94. Within one year, the expedition covered 25,000 km, of which 4200 km passed along the river with geodesic shooting on the way.
  18. Indigir forms a large delta consisting of several threads.

    Each such sleeve of the river on Russian maps is indicated as a duct. For 100 kilometers before the achievement of the East Siberian Sea, the river is divided into 3 main ducts:
    ⦁ Russian-Ustinskaya Duch
    ⦁ Medium duct
    ⦁ Kolyma Protoka
  19. Indigirka descends from the Verkhoyansky ridge, flowing from the south to the north, its length is 1726 km. Indigirika is divided into two stages: the upper mountain (640 km) and the lower plain (1086 km). The water level (the depth of the river) has a variability of 7.5 - 11.2 meters.

  20. After the merge of the rivers Tor-Yuras and Taryn-Yuras, the Indigirka flows in the lower part of the Oymyakon of Highlands, cutters a number of mountain chains of a karsky ridge. Flow speed 2-3.5 m / s.
  21. When passing the Cheaginsky Range, the Indigirk River proceeds into a deep gorge, forming thresholds; Flow speed 4 m / s. This place is not suitable even for rafting.
  22. From the mouth of the Mom River, from Momo-Selenshnikh, the lower part of the indigircuit begins. The riverbed is expanding. In the plain, the abya lowland, the indigir area is very winding.
  23. On Jan-Indigir Lowland Indigir Width 350-500 m. These are straight long films.
  24. In the nutrition of the Indigirki rain and melt waters participate.
  25. The main influx of indigirs: Moma, Badyarich, Selennian, United Nations, Allaiha, Buruel.
  26. The name of the river, from Even "Indigir" means "People of Indi". Indo is an Evenk genus. Evenks also denoted by the word "Lama" - this means the "river flowing into the sea." In Yukagirsk, the word "Laison" means "dog". Therefore, Yukagira understood the name of the river as the "River of the Dog".

  27. Economic activities in the indigracy basin are limited by fishing, reindeer herding, mammoth bone collection, gold mining.
  28. Indigirika is the only transport highway in the region.
  29. The river flows to the Arctic Ocean - a distant, wild, eminent river.
  30. Yukagira, Euren, Yakuts and Russians live here.

  31. The village of Ust-Nier - is located at the intersection of two transport arteries - indigirs and the Kolyma highway (the only road connecting Yakutsk with Magadan).
  32. As an indigilion transport highway, it works in the summer and winter. Zimnik on Indigir is carried out by all cargo transportation between the villages. And the summer navigation is possible only for small boats - from Ust-Nebri to the place called the "Indigir Pipe" (here the river enters the narrow gorge of the Mountains of the Khsky Ridge).
  33. Indigirika - Paradise for the landscape photographer. The river has surprisingly beautiful landscapes. Of the aesthetic attractions: Lake Labinkir, Oymyaki Kisilyakhi (granite non-homely remains / on Evenks, Kigils - human-like), mouth of the river Inynali, an indigra tube (Moljogoyadoch Valley), the mouth of the Chibagalah River, Mount Syo-Haya.

The Indigirk River is located in Yakutia, part of the East Siberian Sea.

Historical reference

The river received a name from the generic Even name Indigir, which means people of the genus Indies. The development began the Cossacks in the first half of the 17th century.

Source

The mouth of the river form two reservoirs, it is Torah-Yuras and Taryn-Yuras, which is taken in the Khalkan mountains. Flowing down through the territory of Yakutia, and near the Allaika district of the republic flows into the sea.

Characteristics

The Indigirka River is divided into:

  • Upper mountain plot (640km)
  • Lower plain (1,086kmz).

river Indigirka photo

The banks of the river are the mountain highlands, ridges, chains, and then sharply replace with depressions and lowlands. The pool was formed on the site of rocks, which have long been frozen under the influence of low temperatures and climatic conditions. Near the shores there are many alluvial soils.

The indigracy length is more than 1.7 thousand kilometers, with a pool area of \u200b\u200b360 thousand square kilometers. The depth fluctuates from 7.5 to 11 meters. The width is different on the upper and lower cuts of the river - from 500 meters to 20 kilometers. In the pool there are many thresholds, mouth, Delta. From the sea, the river is separated by a small shallow bay.

The climate is sharply continental. In winter, the average temperature of -40 degrees, in the summer +14 degrees. Summer is short, and the winter is long. The average flow rate is 3m / s. Facing the East Siberian Sea forms a delta, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 5,500 square km.

Indigirika on the map

Indigist on map photo

River Mode

Entry nutrition mixed, is carried out due to snow, rain, ice melting. The flood is characteristic in spring and summer. In winter, the river freezes the whole, since the water temperature drops to minus 50. The river is covered in October, the river is revealed at the end of May, early June.

Flora and fauna

The river passes through Taiga, Tundra, Festourpore and Arctic forests. Local ichthyofaun is very rich in fish - 29 species, among which:

  • Chir;
  • Omul;
  • Sturgeon;
  • Nelma;
  • Ripper;
  • Keta;
  • Pink salmon;
  • Muksun.

Cities

On the banks of the river there are a lot of settlements, both large and small, most of which are located in momisky, Abai. Allaikh and Oymyakan areas. Oymyakon, White Mountain, Chokurdah, Honuu are considered the largest cities.


river Indigirika. City of Oymyakon photo

Inflows

Large tributaries are in the upper and lower currents, which are located on the right and left banks. For example, large sleeves are nera, Moma, United Nations, Allaiha, Eldga. Much of small tributaries are considered to be Chia, Arga-Yuras, Talbykchan, Tuscan, Bereleh.

Economic activities

Mineral minerals are mined: stone coal, gold. Fisheries and reindeer herding developed. Indigirka is read by one of the significant water and transport artery of the North-East of Russia.

Tourism on the river

Travelers who visit Yakutia, are engaged in fishing and alloy on rafts, kayaks.

river Indigirka photo

  • One of the most busy transport highways of the country for which river transport is walking.
  • On the river there is a village of Oymyakon, which is considered a pole of cold.
  • A rather interesting monument of 19 in. The city of Cashivek, who became a monument to the entire population, which is at the end of the 19th century. Died from an epidemic of smallpox.
  • Scientists explain the origin of the title of Hydonima, as the name of the Evenkov tribe - an indigion, which had a generic origin. This indicated the dog river or people from the genus Indies.

the beauty of Russia. River Indigirk Photo.