Recommended balance. Decryption of accounting lines. Section V. Short-term obligations

The term "Balance" is used in many scientific fields. He plays a big role in the economic industry, where there is such a concept as the "accounting balance". It includes two parts - passive and asset. The first displays capital and obligations that exist from a particular company. The second displays the property of the institution. Balance in the enterprise is a necessary document. It helps persons cooperating with the enterprise, appreciate its financial condition at the moment.

The same type of accounting objects inside both parts of the balance can be grouped by a variety of features. The essence of the balance consists in balancing, that is, the quantitative equality of its parts. For the design of the balance there is a special form approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. However, it is only a recommendent, so the enterprises have the right to establish their own form convenient for them or modify the proposed.

What includes the concept

Balance in accounting is a combination of funds, as well as their sources at a specific date. As a currency for a balance, equality is between its two parts. The balance is used in the analysis of the company's entrepreneurial activity. Its presence is necessary for finding internal reserves and reducing spending and loss.

Schematically, the document with the balance can be issued in a tabular form. At the same time, the resources of the institution will be grouped in the active part, and the sources of their occurrence, respectively, in terms of liabilities. The "Assets" section will consist of non-current and current assets and reflect the resources that are from the enterprise. "Passives" will be divided into 3 types: long-term commitments, debts and current liabilities. There are different types of balances, they can be grouped depending on some categories. So, they can be divided depending on:

• time;
• sources from where information was obtained;
• amount of information;
• financial activity of the company;
• existing ownership;
• display object;
• purification method;
• forms of turnover.

There is no need to list all species that implies classification balance of accounting. It is enough to mention those that are most common when working with documents.

Some types of balances

In addition to the standard or classic, other balance sheet balances are used:

1. Opening. This species is formed at the very beginning of the entrepreneurial activity of the company. Its active part displays the resources obtained by the institution during its foundation. As a liabser, the sources of their appearance are. As a rule, before making a similar type of balance, a revision is conducted in the company, as well as resources that are already available.
2. Final. Has a report form and reflects the economic activity of the organization for a certain period of time. The basis for such a balance is the accounting records that have already been tested.
3. Profitable and expendable. Represents a special document that can be designed with the calculation of a certain time interval. Its main goal is to ensure balance and consistency in moving both material and cash resources. It also allows you to develop an enterprise from the social side and in full form meet the needs of the team. This kind of accounting contains the calculations of all expenses and income of the company.
4. Consolidated. This is a report on the aggregate activities of enterprises, one of which is maternal. At the same time, from this type of balance should be excluded by the turnover of subsidiaries of a mutual plan.
5. Liquidation. The last balance is based on the termination of the company's activities. It displays the property position of the enterprise for the day to which it is deprived of the status of the Jurlitz. The balance displays the sources of income and their magnitude. In addition, it indicates a state in which the company's calculations on the completion of the liquidation period are.
6. Turning. It includes data on debit and credit revs for a specific period. This balance is used as an intermediate document.
7. Preliminary. This type of balance is issued in advance until the end of the period acting as reporting, and takes into account possible changes that may occur as part of the property of the institution.
8. Dividing. The need for such a balance arises in the case of a bunch of two or lower companies. According to this document, both rights and obligations of the predecessor are transmitted. The dividing balance must necessarily contain information about the succession, regarding all obligations that the reorganized organization has.
9. Consolidated. Accounting balance issued due to the compound of a number of final balances. Usually the need for their presence concerns a variety of departments similar to the instance.

Sections asset

After the most common species were listed, you can learn more about what balance is in accounting, and what it consists of. The first component of the document is part with assets that reflect all the values \u200b\u200bof the company. Values \u200b\u200bare reflected in the monetary equivalent. Assets are distributed between two sections where non-current and current assets are included. The section of non-current assets includes all long-term assets presented as the following groups:

The last section also includes receivables both from employees of the institution itself and from other companies and third parties.

Sections of liability

Passive refers to the part that is opposite to the asset. These sections of balance of accounting include the whole set of obligations that the organization has. Passive contains borrowed and equity. It is divided by the passive of these sections:

• long term duties;
• debts;
• current liabilities.

The first category includes obligations to employees of the company, the state, landlords. Debts include long-term bonds, as well as loans. Current liabilities include commitments, to pay which is necessary next year. Although the partitions of the balance of the balance 3, only 2 types of sources are included in principle, namely, borrowed and own. It is believed that the greater segment is occupied by own sources, the amount of the enterprise is stable. The optimal is the approximately equal ratio of borrowed and own funds.

There are a variety of classifications of obligations. So, according to one of them, they are divided into imaginary, actually existing and hidden. If with actually existing obligations is increasingly or less understandable, the remaining 2 types should be disassembled in more detail. The credit or other duty of the enterprise in front of the legal entities, individuals, as well as before the budget may be attributed to hidden obligations. In fact, it is absent in the organization, however, it should be taken into account when taking into account its own funds of the firm. What can be contained in the category of hidden obligations:

• stipulated in contracts of fines;
• the duty of a constant consumption of money for charity or social goals;
• the presence of contracts for the supply of services at cost, which exceeds the average market price.

The imaginary obligations are the borrowed debt of the company to the budget and other instances reflected in the balance sheet, but on the fact that is missing in the firm.

What can be attributed to imaginary obligations:

• reserves of future expenses;
• loans that were taken from owners of Jurlitz;
• debt in front of the lender, which went bankrupt.

Obligation appears either when entering into force or legal norms, or during the business turnover. When repaying the obligations, the firm is deprived of a certain part of assets to meet the conditions of the other party. This process is accompanied by the provision of services or payment of money. In some situations, the obligation is repaid with its replacement to others. Sometimes it also happens that lenders remove their own requirements from the organization.

The balance sheet is one of the main financial reports of any company. He reflects many of the main indicatorscharacterizing the property position of the company. They enjoy not only within the company, but also many third-party persons, including controlling authorities. Therefore, the correctness of the preparation of the document is particularly relevant in the preparation of reporting.

Indicators reflected in, indicate the financial position of the company. They are needed to the enterprise itself for the presence of an accurate idea of \u200b\u200bthe results of its activities obtained during the specific period: month, quarter, year.

All firms are required to lead the accounting balance annually various persons:

• tax inspectorate;
• statistical state authorities;
• shareholders.

From the document, the financial sustainability of the company is visible. Therefore, they enjoy counterparties: existing and potential partners, customers, banking institutions, government agencies.

Balance is determined not only The current state of the company, but also projected the results of its future activities. Banks expect the creditworthiness of a legal entity during its assessment as a potential client for service and lending.

The balance sheet should be compiled in a certain form to represent in a convenient view to users. Usually it is issued in form №1, which is approved by the Ministry of Finance in 2010. The form is not compulsory, therefore it can be modified depending on the peculiarities of business activities and the needs of the company.

For internal use, a variety of forms are created, classifying on various bases:

1. Upon periodicity: Saldovy (for a specific date) and a revolving (turnover for a specific period).
2. According to the source data: inventory or accounting balance.
3. According to regulatory articles.
4. Depending on the volume: full and short (simplified) report.
5. The document may be preliminary, intermediate, final, forecast.
6. Regarding the event: introductory, unifying, dividing, liquidation.

This list is not closed. There are other classifications of the forms of the report applied by enterprises depending on their needs, interests, features.

Rules and techniques

When filling out the document it is necessary to take into account the following most important rules:

1. Balance formation on December 31.
2. Reflection of similar indicators in the two preceding year (also on December 31). They can be taken from the previous reporting.
3. Use to fill the information of the operating and salad statement.
4. Indicators are entered by integers with rounding along the usual mathematical rules.
5. Amounts are indicated in thousands or millions of rubles depending on their size.
6. On line, in which the company has no information, they are affixed.
7. Negative indicators are entered into parentheses and deducted when calculating the final values.

The main rule of the balance sheet: the equality of the outcome values \u200b\u200bof assets and liabilities. If it is not respected, it is impossible to submit a report to state bodies.

Available some important nuancesthat need to be taken into account when making a document:

• indicators of the beginning of the reporting period must correspond to the data end of the previous one;
• all information should be confirmation.

How to fill in a stand and strings

The document consists of two parts: active and passive. The first reflects the company's property data. Separately show the revolutions and. The second part shows the sources of education from the company. It includes three sections:

• capital and reserves of the company;
• its long-term commitments to creditors (more than a year);
• short-term obligations of the company (with a maturity of less than one year).

Total in balance sheet 5 sections: 2 To reflect the property and 3 for information about the sources of its formation. Each of them is assigned its digital encoding, including four characters.

All codes begin with "1". The second digit shows a specific partition. For example, the line "1110" shows the amount of intangible assets available from the company, which is included in the first partition.

In the line "1370" reflects the retained earnings of the company relating to the third section of the document.

Example of filling for 2018

To properly draw up an accounting balance for 2018, it is worth using visual examples to fill.

Table 1 - Filling out non-current assets of the company.

Table 2 - the procedure for making current assets.

Table 3 - making capital and reserves of the company.

Table 4 - Reflection of long-term liabilities of the company.

Table 5 - Making short-term obligations of the enterprise.

After the distribution on the balance of indicators from the operating and salad statement, the final parameters are calculated:

all assets reflected by line 1600: 4304565 + 7422765 \u003d 11727330 thousand rubles;

all liabilities on line 1700: 10348260 + 262767 + 1116303 \u003d 11727330 thousand rubles ..

The results obtained must be compared. If they are equal, then the document is compiled correctly.

2.2.1. Structure and accounting balance. Characteristics of its sections and articles

Financial statements -a unified system of data on the property and financial position of the Organization and the results of its economic activity, based on accounting data on established forms. It consists of an accounting balance sheet, a report on profit and loss, applications to them, an explanatory note, an audit report (if reporting is subject to compulsory audit).

Balance sheet (Form N 1) is the main most important form of accounting reporting, is the main source of information about the property situation of the Organization, on the state of its funds in the cash assessment for a specific date.

The main task of the balance sheet as a form of reporting is to show the owner than he owns or what capital is under his control, allows to obtain an idea of \u200b\u200bthe magnitude of material values, their stocks, about the status of calculations, on investment sizes, and also give a reliable and complete picture of Financial position of the organization.

The main components of the accounting balance are assets, commitments and capital.

The domestic economic literature gives the following definitions of these concepts:

1) assets - these are economic funds, the control over which the organization received as a result of the accomplished facts of its economic activity and which should bring her economic benefits in the future;

2) obligations - the debt existing on the reporting date, which formed due to the implementation of the projects of its economic activity and settlements, should lead to an outflow of assets;

3) capital - Investments of owners and profits accumulated over the entire activities of the organization.

A more accurate definition of these concepts is given by the International Financial Reporting System (IFRS):

assets - these are resources controlled by the company as a result of events of past years, from which the company expects economic benefits in the future;

obligations - this is the current debt of the company arising from the events of past periods, the settlement of which will lead to an outflow from the company of resources containing economic benefits;

capital - This is the share in the company's assets remaining after the deduction of all its obligations.

These formulations allow you to more mean the balance and the foundations of its construction.

The asset is recognized in the balance when there is the likelihood of the influx of future economic benefits to the organization. It can be reliably appreciated and has the cost. The future economic benefits enclosed in the asset directly or indirectly enter the cash flow or their equivalents. It is important to take into account that the assets are controlled by the organization, and not necessarily belong to it on the right of ownership (for example, long-term rented fixed assets).

The data in the balance sheet is grouped by sections reflecting their content and forming it.

The main criterion of grouping is the participation of funds in the circulation of the organization and the functions performed by them.

In accordance with the classification, by participating in the turnover, funds in the assets of the balance are combined into the sections "non-current assets" (the term of circulation of more than 12 months) and "Current assets" (the term of appeal is not more than 12 months); In the balance of the balance, sources of funds are combined into sections: "Capital and reserves", "long-term commitments", "short-term obligations". (Tab. 3)

Table 3.

Static Balance Organization Format

In accordance with the functions performed, these sections are grouped by articlesEach of which is a balance indicator that has a monetary (value) expression, located on a separate line (see Appendix 3).

The balance sheets are located separately on the rows, the rows are numbered (encoded), for the convenience of working with the balance. The amount reflected in the string is shown in the dynamics: at the beginning and end of the reporting period. Count graphs are introduced for this. In Annex 3, a form of N1 accounting balance, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2003, N 67N "On the Forms of Accounting Regulations of Organizations" (hereinafter referred to as the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2003 N 67n)

Describe in detail the main sections and articles of the balance of Russian organizations.

Active balance

1. Overseas assets.

This section is submitted by the following balance sheet items:

intangible assets;

fixed assets;

construction in progress;

revenue investments in material values;

long-term financial investments;

deferred tax assets;

other noncurrent assets.

Combines these assets that, having arisen in the organization in material and real form, as a result of specific transactions, they are in this form more than one year.

Intangible assets (Row 110) in accordance with paragraph 4 of PBU 14/2000 - these are objects of intellectual property, the exclusive right to the results of intellectual activity:

patent holder for invention, industrial sample, utility model;

the exclusive right of the owner on the trademark and the service sign, the name of the place of origin of goods, etc.

As part of intangible assets, the business reputation and organizational costs are also taken into account (the costs associated with the formation of a legal entity recognized in accordance with the constituent documents part of the contribution of participants (founders) in the authorized (share) capital of the organization).

To take objects as intangible assets, it is necessary to record a one-time implementation of the following conditions:

lack of material and real (physical structure);

the possibility of their identification (allocation from the property of the organization);

use in production or management;

using for a long time (over 12 months or an ordinary operational cycle, if the organization does not assume a subsequent resale of this asset;

the ability to organize economic benefits (income) in the future;

the presence of adequately designed documents confirming the existence of the most asset and exclusive right of the organization to the results of intellectual activity (patents, certificates, other security documents, a concession contract (acquisition) of a patent, trademark, etc.)

Fixed assets (Row 120) are a set of material and real values \u200b\u200bused as a means of labor and operating in a natural form for a long time, both in the field of material production and in the non-productive sphere.

Funds include buildings, structures, transfer devices, workers and power machines and equipment, measuring and regulating devices and devices, computer equipment, vehicles, tools, manufacturing and economic equipment and accessories, workers, productive and tribal cattle, perennial plant , Outdoor roads and other relevant objects.

The main funds also include capital investments on the improvement of land (ameliorative, drying, irrigation, etc.) and in rented buildings, structures, equipment and other facilities related to fixed assets.

The rules of formation and accounting of fixed assets are established by PBU 6/01. In accordance with paragraph 4 of this provision, as fixed assets include funds used in the production of products, when performing work or services, for a long time (over 12 months, or a conventional operational cycle, if it exceeds 12 months). They are not subject to subsequent resale, are able to bring the Organization Economic Benefits (income) in the future.

The cost of fixed assets (with the exception of land plots) is redeemed by accrualing depreciation (depreciation) and write off the amount of amortized value on the costs of production or treatment during the regulatory period of their operations on the norms approved in the procedure established by law.

According to the group of articles, fixed assets are given: fixed assets both operating and renovated, modernization, restoration, conservation (at a residual value, less depreciation).

The article "Incorrect Construction" (Row 130) includes costs for construction and installation work, the purchase of equipment, tools, inventory, other capital operations and costs. Other capital work and costs are also carried out to prepare construction and installation work. These are design and exploration, exploration and drilling work, the cost of landing land and relocation due to construction, training costs for newly under construction enterprises and others.

The article "Profitable investments in material values" (Row 135) reflect the organization's investments in material values: part of property, buildings, premises, equipment and other values \u200b\u200bthat have a material form provided by the organization for temporary use (temporary possession and use) with The purpose of receiving income.

According to Art. 607 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in temporary use may be transferred land and other separate natural facilities, enterprises and other property complexes, buildings, structures, equipment, vehicles and other things that do not lose their natural properties in the process of using them.

These material values \u200b\u200bare recorded in accordance with the lease agreement, leasing (financial lease), rental agreement.

"Long-term financial investments" (line 140). Financial investments are presented as long-term, if the term of appeal (repayment) for them is over 12 months after the reporting date.

TO financial investments organizations include state and municipal securities, securities of other organizations, including debt securities in which the date and redemption costs are defined (bonds, bills); deposits into authorized (share) capital of other organizations (including subsidiaries and dependent economic societies); granted to other organizations loans; Accounts receivable, acquired on the basis of the concession of the right of claim, etc. Deposits of the Comrade Organization under a simple partnership agreement are also taken into account as part of financial investments.

In accounting, long-term (for a period of more than 12 months) and short-term (for a period of less than 12 months) financial investments are taken into account in one 58 account "Financial Investments". Analytical accounting on this account provides the possibility of obtaining data on long-term and short-term investments.

"Deferred Tax Assets" (line 145) (the indicator was introduced into the balance sheet by the order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, then on July 22, 2003 N 67n.) The difference arises between accounting profit (loss) and taxable profit (loss) and taxable profit (loss) arising from the application of various rules for recognizing income and expenses established in regulatory documents on accounting and tax accounting. This difference is made up of permanent and temporary differences.

The balance sheet introduced a string "Deferred Tax Assets" (line 145) on which the amount of deferred tax assets is reflected, which is determined by multiplying the subsequent time difference at the income tax rate. To summarize information about the availability and movement of deferred tax assets in terms of accounts, the account 09 "Deferred Tax Assets" was assigned. In PBU 18/02 "Accounting for income tax calculations" in detail the examples show the procedure for calculating deferred tax assets (and deferred tax liabilities), their recognition and reflection in accounting.

The sum of the listed articles is shown as a result of the section I asset of the balance (line 190).

II. Current assets

This balance sheet is represented by more detailed details of each working capital group. Unlike non-current assets, they are very dynamic.

Current assets (Current assets) are the means of organization that during the normally flowing production cycle or in a period of one year, if the cycle is shorter than one year, should re-apply to cash.

Normal production cycle - The average time, which is necessary in order to invest in the material assets, the money again turned into cash.

The following accounting facilities include current assets:

reserves (line 210);

value added tax on acquired values \u200b\u200b(line 220);

accounts receivable (line 240);

short-term financial investments (line 250);

cash (string 260);

other reverse assets (line 270).

Stocks are presented in the balance sheet of articles:

raw materials, materials and other similar values;

animals on growing and fattening;

costs in incomplete production;

finished products and resale products;

goods shipped;

future spending;

other stocks and costs.

The article "Raw materials and other similar values" shows the cost data (actual cost) about the residues of raw materials, materials on the amount of actual costs of their acquisition according to one of the estimation methods (FIFO, Lifts, weighted average cost) in accordance with the selected method enshrined In accounting policies.

An article "Animals on growing and fattening" is typical for agricultural organizations. This manual does not consider.

"Costs in incomplete production" show attachments (costs) into products in which the production process is not completed. Their value depends on the cost of the costs included in the cost of products or services, on the method of distribution of indirect expenses, as well as on the duration of the production cycle.

The article "Finished products and the costs for resale" reflects some of the material and stockpiles. It is the final result of the production cycle - the finished products completed with the processing (complete set) of the technical and qualitative characteristics of which comply with the terms of the contract or the requirements of other documents in cases established by law. The balance sheet reflects the balance of finished products on the invoice of the actual production cost.

The article "Goods shipped" contains data on the actual production cost of products sent to the buyer. This article appears only if the delivery contract is due to the general order, the transition from this organization to the buyer the right of ownership, use and disposal of products and risk of its random death during transportation.

According to regulatory documents, the general procedure for the transition of products to the buyer is to announce the volume of implementation and financial results to the buyer on the fact of shipment of products and transferring it to the settlement documents.

The appearance of the article "Goods shipped", possibly from the organization that determines the revenue from sales at the time of payment, if in accordance with the contract of delivery there is a transition of ownership when cash. Goods sent to the buyer remain the property of the seller and their balances are shown in its balance until the moment of payment.

An article "The expenses of future periods" reflects information on the costs produced in this reporting period, but relating to future reporting periods. This amount of expenses recognized in accounting in accordance with the established procedure, but not related to the formation of the cost of the reporting period.

The expenses of future periods may include expenses related to mining work, preparatory work for seasonal production, the development of new industries, installations and aggregates, land reclamation and the implementation of other environmental measures that are unevenly produced during the year, repairing fixed assets when the organization does not create the relevant Repair Fund, etc.

These costs are paid by the full amount, at the same time, and are repaid during the period to which they relate.

The organization can write off such expenses evenly, in proportion to the volume of products (services) or in other ways, depending on the specifics of the activity and nature of the costs.

The article "Other reserves and costs" shows reserves and costs that were not reflected in the previous articles of this section of the balance sheet.

The article "Value Added Tax" (Row 220) shows VAT paid when purchasing goods or receiving services, since it does not refer to the cost of these goods (services) until it is written off to a decrease in debt on the Budget Budget; Reflects the amount of VAT on acquired values \u200b\u200b(fixed assets, stocks of raw materials and materials, intangible assets, performed by work and services rendered), which has not yet been submitted to the budget.

"Accounts receivable" (line 230) in the balance sheet is reflected in two articles:

debt, payments for which are expected more than 12 months after the reporting date (line 231);

debt, payments for which are expected within 12 months after the reporting date (line 241).

The first article includes subsections reflecting the estimated relations of the organization with debtors. These are buyers and customers, promissory bills received, debt subsidiaries and affiliates, advances issued, other debtors.

The second article has the same structure, differing from the first repayment period of debt (after 12 months or more after the reporting date).

In economic content, receivables are conditionally divided by normal and unjustified.

Normal receivables it is formed due to the forms of calculations for goods and services.

Unnecessary receivables There is due to the deficiencies in the organization of the organization (when identifying shortage, waste and theft of inventory and cash)

The presence of significant receivables should be considered as a factor that adversely affects the financial position of the organization, and the growth of its specific gravity as a result of the balance sheet indicates the deterioration of the economic activity of the organization.

The article "Short-term financial investments" (line 250) includes the following types of investments:

loans provided by the organization for a period of less than 12 months;

own shares redeemed from shareholders;

other short-term financial investments.

Economists believe that the division of financial investments on long-term and short-term in a certain sense is subjective, since at the time of the acquisition of securities it is not always possible to foresee a certainty, how long the organization deems it to own them16.

The article "Cash" (line 260) shows cash balances at the reporting date:

on settlement and currency accounts in banks;

in letters of credit;

in checkbooks;

in other payment documents (except bills);

in cash documents and translations on the road.

Organizations are required to keep free funds on settlement and currency accounts in banks. Therefore, cash in cash can be kept in the cash desk within the limits of the Bank installed in which the organization's current account is open. Above the established limits of cash at the office of the organization can be in the days of issuing wages, benefits within three days, including the day of receipt of money.

According to the first and second sections of the balance of the balance, the results are calculated, which in the amount will draw up the result (currency) of the balance of the balance (string 300).

Passive Balance

III. Capital and reserves.

This section contains information on its own sources of funds grouped in the balance sheet of functional basis:

authorized capital (line 410);

own shares redeemed from shareholders (line 411);

extreme Capital (line 420);

reserve capital (line 430);

including:

reserves formed in accordance with the legislation;

reserves created in accordance with the constituent documents;

retained earnings (uncovered loss) (line 470).

According to the article "The authorized capital" shows the amount of funds allocated by the owners of the organization for economic activities.

According to paragraph 67 of the Regulations on the conduct of accounting and reporting in the balance sheet, the value of the statutory (share) capital, registered in the constituent documents, as a totality of deposits (shares, shares, share contributions) of the founders (participants) of the organization is reflected.

The authorized (share) capital and the actual debt of the founders (participants) on deposits (contributions) in the authorized (share) capital are reflected in the balance sheet separately.

The absolute value of the authorized capital has significance only at the time of the institution of the organization. In this state, the authorized capital may remain indefinitely. If there is a need for a forced or appropriate change in its magnitude (reduction or increase), then the reflection of this fact in the balance sheet is possible only after making changes to the constituent documents and their registration in the prescribed manner.

Additional capital is added to the authorized capital.

Additional capital of the organization - This is part of its own capital, allocated as an accounting facility to reflect the total property of all participants in the organization. At the same time, it is an independent reporting indicator.

The source of the formation of additional capital can be:

emission income derived from exceeding the nominal value over the market value of placed shares;

course differences in the event of repayment of debt on contributions to the authorized capital, expressed in foreign currency;

the increase in the value of non-current assets from their revaluation (cash flow).

The article "Own shares, redeemed from shareholders" records the actual costs of the Organization for the redemption of their own shares from shareholders in the amount of the balance of 81 "own shares, shares".

The Reserve Capital article shows the amount of reserve balances and other similar funds created in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation or in accordance with the constituent documents.

Creating reserve capital is provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. For joint stock companies, the creation of reserve capital is required, for limited liability companies - voluntarily. The size of the mandatory reserve fund is 5% of the size of the authorized capital. The size of annual deductions envisaged by the Company's charter cannot be less than 5% of net profit.

The article "Retained earnings (uncovered) loss" (line 470) shows the size of the net retained earnings (uncovered loss).

The sum of all listed articles is reflected as the outcome of the Balance III section (line 490) and shows the value of the organization's own capital.

Section IV balance "Long-term obligations".

Contains information on loans and credits of the organization to be repayable more than 12 months after the reporting date. The amount of debt of the organization for loans and loans is reflected in the balance sheet, taking into account the percentage of the reporting period due.

On line 520 of the balance sheet in the article "Other Long-Term Obligations", other types of long-term payables, other than loans received and loans, are shown.

When reflected in accounting and reporting, loans and loans should be guided by the Regulation on accounting "Accounting for loans and loans and costs for their maintenance", PBU 15/01, approved by order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of 02.08.01 N 60N.

The article "Deferred Tax Obligations" (Row 515) was introduced into the balance sheet as well as the article "Deferred Tax Assets" to summarize information on the availability and movement of tax liabilities. In terms of accounts, such information reflects on account 77 "deferred tax liabilities".

The total amount of outstanding long-term payables is shown in the end of the IV balance sheet partition, line 590.

Section V "Short-term obligations"

In this section of the liabilities of the balance sheet reflects articles of accounts payable, the maturity of which is in the range of 12 months after the reporting date:

loans and loans;

accounts payable;

debt to participants (founders) on income payment;

revenue of the future periods;

reserves of upcoming expenses;

other short-term obligations.

In the balance sheet, the amount of debt debt on loans and loans is reflected in accordance with the interest due to the payment of interest at the end of the reporting period.

Short-term payable debtother than the short-term obligations in the form of loans and loans, it seems in the balance sheet on line 620. It unites various types of obligations to suppliers and contractors, before the staff of the organization, before state extrabudgetary funds, to the budget for taxes and fees, others.

Credital obligations (debt) before suppliers and contractors are the balance of unpaid amounts for goods and services received from them.

Debt to the staff of the organization is the balance of unpaid wages at the date of the balance sheet.

Debt to state extrabudgetary funds - These are obligations under a single social tax (ESN), which is credited to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Social Insurance Fund and the Mandatory Medical Insurance Funds and is intended to mobilize funds for the realization of citizens' rights to state pension and social security and medical care.

Obligations to the budget for taxes and fees are the balance of value-added tax debt, income tax, property tax, real estate, etc. This is a credit balance on account 68 "Calculations for taxes and fees".

In the article Other creditors The debt of the organization for calculations is shown, the data on which is not reflected in other articles of this group of short-term obligations. For example, the amounts of debt to accountable persons are reflected here, obligations on compulsory and voluntary property insurance and so on.

In the article Debt to participants (founders) for income pay (Line 630) reflects the debt of the organization before its founders, which is a loan balance (balance) of account 75 "Calculations with the founders" (subaccount 2 "Calculations for income payment").

Article revenue of the future periods (line 640) shows the amount of income of the organization, which are obtained in the reporting period, but relate to future periods, for example, receiving rent for several months, gratuitous receipts, the upcoming debt arrival on the shortcomings revealed over the past years, and others. Amount of income of future periods equal to the loan balance of account 98 "Income of future periods".

Article Reserves of upcoming expenses (Row 650) reflects the amount of expenses registered for the purposes of uniform inclusion in the costs of production and costs for sale. This may be: reserves to pay for holidays to employees of the organization, to repair fixed assets, on preparatory work in connection with the seasonal nature of production. The amount of reserves is a credit balance of the account 96 "reserves of upcoming expenses and payments".

Balance line Other short-term commitments (Row 660) shows the sum of short-term liabilities of not found reflections in other articles section V "short-term obligations" of the balance.

By section V, the balance liability is summarized (line 690), which, together with the results of the section III and IV of the liability, shows the overall result of the balance of the balance sheet, that is, the total amount of sources of the organization's funds.

An accounting balance (form N1) is made a certificate of the availability of values \u200b\u200btaken into account on off-balance accounts. (See Appendix 3). This is an integral part of the balance. It reflects the value of values \u200b\u200btaken into account "Balance".

Washing accounts are intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of values \u200b\u200btemporarily in use or disposal of the organization (leased fixed assets, material values \u200b\u200bin responsible storage, in recycling, etc.), conditional rights and obligations, as well as for monitoring individual Economic operations.

In line 910 "Rental fixed assets" reflects fixed assets that do not belong to the organization on the right of ownership. Of the total funds of fixed assets, the cost of fixed assets from the organization under the lease agreement is distinguished.

On line 920 "Commodity and material values \u200b\u200badopted for responsible storage" reflects the cost of unpaid materials, if the contract provides for the transfer of ownership of them after payment. It also reflects the cost of materials sold, but left in the organization's warehouse for responsible storage.

On line 930 "Products adopted at the Commission" reflects the value of goods that the organization is going to sell under the Commission agreement at the treaty basis (assignment agreement or agency agreement).

"Disposable debt debt debt" Row 940 is designed to write off the amount of debt amount from the balance, when the debtor is recognized bankrupt or has passed three years from the moment of its occurrence.

The amounts of guarantees that the organization received from other organizations is recorded on line 950 "Providing commitments and payments received".

If the warranty gives an organization, then their amounts are shown on line 960 "Providing commitments and payments issued".

If the organization has housing facilities that are not used to receive income on them, no depreciation is accrued in accounting, but wear (p. 17 PBU 6/01). Information about accrued amounts are indicated in line 970 "Housing Fund Wear".

The amount of wear on external improvement facilities is reflected in line 980 "Wearing external improvement facilities and other similar objects".

Row 990 "Intangible assets obtained in use" fill organizations that have received the right to use intellectual property objects: a trademark, invention, a computer program, etc. Such intangible assets are accounted for by the cost of the cost specified in the contract.

6.5. An audit of the accounting balance data to confirm the accuracy of these financial statements and accounting auditor checks the correctness of the inventory of financial investments. During the inspection, it determines: the timing of