Bakhchisarai district is a great place for hiking cognitive walks. My friends and I just adore his blooming gardens and green valleys, bordered by low picturesque mountains. I personally fell in love with him at first glance and forever. The area is famous for its ancient cave cities, cut down right in the rocks at the high dining mountains, where the persecuted peoples lived and hid, defending against a variety of attacks. Who just did not try to capture the Crimea and establish their dominance there, what nations did not fight for his land. To this day, I must say, the struggle for this tidy of the earth continues. The most well-preserved cave city of Crimea is Chufut-Kale. It has not only cavemen, but also terrestrial buildings, already a later period.

For me, the existence of cave cities was a secret, I did not suspect that such people could be. But, as it turned out, life circumstances are different, and some categories of citizens have to chop at home in a rock. A visit to Chufut-Kale was a revelation for me, after which I could not pick up the jaw for a long time. Ancient city, where every stone breathes in dust of ages. The city, hidden in the depths of the cliffs and storing another bunch of secrets, with steep winding tracks and amazing panoramic views of the forests and mountains of Crimea. Very impressive and causes the whirlwind of emotions and thoughts. In it, as anywhere it is better to wander and reflect on the eternal, about the connection of generations and peoples. And it cannot but rejoice the fact that this unique museum is now in Russia. Therefore, all legs in your hands, and trample the crucible streets of the ancient city!

History

There is no consensus about the period of occurrence of the city, but the most common chronology in various sources is: initially the city arose in the VI century. As the Byzantine cave fortress. The first who settled in the city were Allana - militant Iranian tribes. In the sources of that time, the city is mentioned under the name Kyrk-OR, which is translated as "forty fortifications." In 1299, the Tatar Horde, periodically attacked the Crimea, robbed this city. His powerful fortifications and defense walls were impressed by the Tatars, and they themselves placed their garrisons there. From the XIV century in the city began to shave the carims - the runaway people of controversial origin. Someone says they happened from Khazar, someone - that from the Jews, someone adheres to the opinion that Karaimi is not an ethnic, but a religious group, and Karaism in turn - sect distinguished from Judaism. Muddy story, in general. Karaimov drove out everywhere, there were also many restrictions on their living in the cities of the Crimean Khanate. Therefore, they fled to the cave cities in which they were allowed to settle. Since then, the city has called Chufut-Kale, translated - the Jewish city. Karais were artisans, in the city at that time there were many workshops serving Tatars, including their mint.

Karaimi inhabited the city until the end of the XIX century. After connecting the Crimea to the Russian Empire, restricted on the accommodation of the Karaimov were canceled and quietly, these guys came down from the mountains and began to settle in all cities and villages of Crimea. To date, there is also an actively functioning Karaizian community in the Crimea. The descendants of this people retain and transmit their language (in many respects similar to Hebrew) and their traditions.

Currently, Chufut-Kale is a very popular tourist facility - the Nursing Museum-Fortress. In Messy Day in the season on steep cave steps and mountain paths, it is often not to disperse - the crowds of tourists are breaking to touch ancient times with such a disputed and multinational history.

The cave city-fortress is located on the plateau of the dining area with a high point in 581 m. Under the mountain there are the most beautiful fertile valleys, and it offers amazing views of the neighboring mountains. Rocky mountain slopes are cool enough, only on the one hand there is a pedestrian trail.

What to see

The entrance to the territory of the city-museum is paid, the price of a full ticket - 200 rubles, preferential - 100.

The main objects of the city are marked in this regard:

You can wander around the ruins, caves and winding streets. The occupation is very interesting and unusual. It is a pity, just in the ground buildings of the city do not allow and look at them only outside.

You can go to the city either through the southern gate, where the main mountain tourist trail is maintained along the slope, or through the upper gate, where you can get there to UAZ or Jeep, if laziness or other circumstances do not allow foot. Carousers will be offered at every step, ranging from stopping and before the pedestrian trail.

All city objects are rather unusual and interesting, but I will tell about the most remarkable. In my humble opinion, naturally.

Cave premises

Caves of various purposes have been cut into solid mountain limestones from the very VI century. Residential premises, prisons, stables, cellar, viewing rooms for watch and shooters, scleps ... No wonder the city is called cave. Ground buildings appeared significantly later, initially it was hidden in the depths of the rocks of the secret city-fortress.

In the warm season in one of the cavemen, you can find a musician playing medieval and modern melodies on a bizarre string-pin tool. Very atmospheric! And he plays, you need to admit, masterfully.

Tick-ku

Siege wells are in all cave cities of Crimea. They served as sheltering for residents of the city during his Oppie and were a source of water in case of overlapping access to sources. From the Turkic language, the name is translated as a vertical well. Grand vertical and horizontal mines, sacred inscriptions, erased steps of dark dungeons. Everything will be curious. The entrance to the well is paid, it is not included in the ticket price for visiting the city, at the time of my visit a full ticket cost 300 rubles, preferential - 150.

The entrance to the well is located on a pedestrian trail to the gate of the city, on the slope of the mountain.

Karai-Kenassy

The prayer house or the temple from Karaim was called Kenass. In the city there are two Kenasy XIV and XVIII centuries, quite well preserved. Inside, do not go, but the exterior of them is very busy - an ancient log architecture, interesting Boriliefs and prints on the walls.

Mausoleum Dzhanik Han

Mausoleum daughter Tukhtamysha Khan, one of the Krymskoh Hanov XV century. A characteristic sample of the Seljuk (related to Ottoman) architecture. Inside it is impossible, but you can look there through the grille.

Ground buildings

Well-surviving ground buildings of the XVII-XVIII centuries are also of interest to tourist with their unusual and unusual for the Eye of the contemporary. Residential buildings, defensive walls, gates, ruins of temples, palaces and mosques. Also interesting is the main paved Street Street, with deep ruts from challenges. There is also a well-preserved house of the historian and archite, Karaia A. S. Firkovich, who lived in the XVIII century and made a huge contribution to the research and excavation of the city.

Cinema members come to the city for filming historical paintings about a variety of epochs and peoples. And about the cave people, and the medieval European merchants.

Kararay cemetery

Behind the upper gates of the city, 500 meters from them on the plateau, in the forest, is the ancient Caraim cemetery. Fancy forms of tombstones, written by epitaphs in Hebrew and covered with moss in a shady forest with black trees are visited. Gloomy, but atmospheric place. Favorited by Crimean and visitors esoterics and other mystics.

How to get

Chufut-Kale is located in the old town of Bakhchisaraya, on its outskirts, at the end bus stop "Starose Tower".

Bakhchisaraya daily ride a regular buses from Yalta, Sevastopol, Simferopol, Evpatoria. Also, from Sevastopol and Simferopol to the city can be reached by train. The exact timetable of the trains is on, never failed me.

From the railway station to the old-faced bus number 2 goes.

From the bus station and from the city center there are many minibuses; The ultimate is usually written on the plate. But it is better to clarify the driver, whether it goes in the older.

Going out on the patch, you no longer get lost. A bunch of pointers will stand on the road to the city, the darkness of the guides to offer their services. It will be necessary to go to the city by the only way up. First, past the cave Assumption monastery, and then on a well-natrophedral trail, which begins with meters 50 from the monastery.

Excursions

Any tour desk offers organized excursions to Chufut-Kale. All stalls with excursions, in abundance presented on embankments and main tourist streets, ready to take-bring you, feed, and provide qualified excursion. Also private guides offer their services directly before entering the cave city. This is usually local guys, and it is quite possible to trust them. Often, they know such spicy details and interesting historical places that are unknown guides of a wide range of activities.

The price of a full bus tour - about 1,500 rubles, private owners offer their services for 300-500 rubles.

Souvenirs

As for souvenirs, they can be bought at the ultimate stop "Strong" - there is a small area and markets, where they traded absolutely all - homemade leather wallets and decorations, turks and coffee grids, honey and magnets, whistles and scarves, tea and overalls, and many Other. Also in the toproom on the approaches to the southern goal of the city, there are homemade larenages, where local masters also traded all that the soul.

Finally

Cave city-fortresses are found to us with you not at every corner. This is read, not McDonalds. Moreover, such mysterious, with a rich history and a bunch of undisclosed mysteries. Being in the Crimea is sin not to visit the most famous one. Moreover, the Crimea is small and wherever you are resting, the road to Bakhchisaraya does not take much time. Buildings are unique and preserved them around the world not so much. So it is necessary to go straight. And if this topic is tightened, then you can still drive into the eski-kerman, Mangup Calais, Tepe-Kermen and Kachi Calon - also the cave cities of the Bakhchisara district, all different, each with their highlight.

Chufut-Kale is one of the most famous, best of all the preserved and most commonly visited cave cities of the Crimea. This medieval fortress is located just 2.5 km east of Bakhchisaraya, so it is accessible to anyone available to everyone. Unlike many such settlements, here you can admire not only the ruins, but also well preserved old architectural buildings.

Rich Historic Past Chufut Cale

The name of this cave city translated from Crimean Tatar sounds like "Jewish / Jewish Fortress", which is most likely due to the communities living here in the Middle Ages of Karaimov. Although, for many centuries, the existence of Chufut-Kale inhabited a variety of nations, therefore, there are many different items from the city. One of the most famous - Kyrk-OR. That was the impregnable fortress in the times of Crimean Khanate. The name is translated as "40 fortifications", and archaeologists interpret it as a fact of existence on the way to Chersonese 40 fortified settlements of the forps. But the version is not denied, which is the Chufut-Kale called so because of the extensive territory and the special meaning to protect Chersonese.

Window residential caves Chufut-Kale:

View from the window of the residential cave	Window residential cave

The mountain plateau rises above the three picturesque valleys of the Chufut, providing an inequality with steep natural cliffs from three sides, and the eastern side was reinforced with a reliable fortress wall that does not allow enemies to penetrate the city.


The mountain on which is located City of Chufut-Kale	Didnight view of the cave In the northern part of Chufut-Kale On the Valley of Biyuk Ashlam and Mount Besh Kosh

In the Middle Ages, this cave city has gained particular popularity, as it became the capital of the Crimean Khanate, and it was here that the residence of the first Crimean Khan Haji Gurya was located. During his reign on Chufut-Kale, a mint was created, and in one of the underground caves there was a prison for prisoners. Below, at the foot of the cliff, the Khan Palace was located, and in the event of danger, Khan could always hide in the fortress.

The total area of \u200b\u200bthe settlement was about 29 hectares, but most of the pastures were used, and only 9 hectares occupied home and economic buildings of local residents. Starting from the end of the 15th century, the fortress began to master the karais, under which it gained the name of the chowet. When the restrictions on the accommodation of the Karaimov in the cities of Crimea were removed, people left the cave city, and Chufut-Kale himself was completely empty by the end of the 19th century and turned into a silent witness of the past era.

Chufut-Kale - Crossroads Epochs and Religions

This historic landmark of the Crimea is located just a kilometer from the Holy Assumption Monastery, from which the trees drowning in the greenery leads the road that even in summer heat allows you to enjoy a leisurely walk in the shade. On the way on the other side of the gorge, it is possible to get a lot of caves cut down in the rocks. These are the remains of the ancient Greek settlement Mariampol, which existed in these places in about the 7th century. Artificial caves here permeate almost every rocky corner.

Artificial caves Chufut-Kale

Entrance doors and a window in the house	Multi-storey house in the rock

The journey through Chufut-Kale seems to be on the intersection of different eras. The ruins of the ancient settlements and artificial caves were preserved here, which, most likely, were cut down in the rocks by the first residents of the settlement, medieval sacred premises and residential buildings of the 18-19th centuries, in which Karaim lived. The houses of the last inhabitants of the city are preserved in the best possible way.

Karai-Heritage Chufut-Kale

Among the main attractions of Chufut-Kale can be noted the prayer houses of Karaimov - Kenasi (14 and 18th centuries), located near the southern cliff, and several residential buildings of well-known representatives of this Turkic people who profess Judaism. Karai Kenasi are elegant two-story houses surrounded by inner courtyards. Time almost did not destroy them, and the Karai community of the Crimean Peninsula makes every effort to preserve these unique architectural monuments of their people.


Chufut-Kale. View from the outside on Kenasi - Prayer House of Karaimov

In one of the old estates, built back in the 18th century, Karaites scientist Firkovich lived before the death itself. For his life, he visited many countries and gathered the richest collection dedicated to the Karaimam. A red-covered two-storey stone stone (top floor wooden) Firkovich's house perfectly preserved until now. Near the Karaites Kenas, the first typography was located in the Crimea, which, unfortunately, did not survive. The existence in these parts of Karaimov resembles an old cemetery in the Support Valley near Chufut-Kale, named so in memory of the holy place in Jerusalem.

Chufut Callets

The excursion route along this cave city of Crimea begins with massive small gates, erected in the 14th century from oak bars, and with an end to iron after two centuries. The gate is hidden in the rock, and imperceptible when they approach the surviving stone road.


Entrance to Chufut-Kale Through the Small South Gate Kuchuk-Kapu

A fortune wall with braces was located a little left, and a narrow corridor leading from the gate leads to a quadro-tier-tousy Defensive caves. Researchers believe that it is possible that the cave temple was located in these caves, whose monks later moved to the Holy Assumption Monastery. After their visits, you can go to the main street of the city, where the stone dwellings and household premises are partially preserved. In the Middle Ages on the territory of Chufut-Kale, there were no less than 400 houses. The old stone road, which goes almost through the entire city, has retained the tracks of the carts in the form of a deep rut, left by wooden wheels. This is the main street of the city to which numerous winding streets are adjacent from the northern part of the former settlement.

Chief Road Roads:

Road to middle go	Road with a pavement for pedestrians

Sacred heritage of Crimean Khanate on Chufut-Kale

On the territory of the city there are two ancient Muslim buildings. One of them is an ancient mosque from which only the ruins of the foundation remained, and the remnants of the eastern ornament can be noticed in places, although even at the dawn of the 20th century it was possible to see the remnants of a minaret with a screw staircase

Next door to the collapsed mosque, near the northern cliff, there is another, more preserved cult object - the octahedral structure of the medieval Mausoleum Janike-Hanoi - daughter Khan Tahtamysh. Necropolis, the construction of which is dated more than 30 years. The 15th century, impresses with its massiveness, the majestic severity and beauty of decorative patterns on columns, which even time could not destroy. According to one of the legends, Han found his daughter here with his beloved, and, frightening his father's wrath, she rushed down the cliff. With this part, Chufut-Kale opens a stunning picturesque view of the Ashlama-Dere Valley.

Near the mausoleum there are 2 artificial caves: the upper and lower, in which historians believe, during the time of Crimean Khanate, there was a prison. Local residents know a lot of legends of those executed on the candy, which were dumped into the gorge, but the archaeologists have not yet found official confirmations of these legends.

Chufut-Kale - the city abandoned by people

Next door to the ruins of the ancient mosque is a stone well. In addition to him, to provide residents of the city with water in the rocks, a deep ditch was cut down, in which rainwater was accumulated.

Nevertheless, the inhabitants of Chufut-Kale constantly have experienced water supply difficulties, which became the main reason for the emptying of the city after the Karais got the opportunity to live in any corner of the Crimea.

On the outskirts of the settlement, a fortress wall has been preserved with an orta-kapa gate, which connect the old and new part of the city.

Next door are the preserved estates of the caraims. In the western part of the city, the household premises are best preserved, which were cut down in the caves. In the eastern part of the city there were not surviving residential buildings and a mint.

Numerous excursions in the Crimea with a visit to Bakhchisaraya typically include acquaintance with the cave city of Chufut-Kale. A fascinating journey allows you to immerse yourself in the history of the Crimean Peninsula through the prism of historical events experienced by generations of the inhabitants of the crust. It is best to go to Chufut-Kale in the morning, because there is a way to the mountain, which is easier to overcome in the period of morning coolness.

See photos of the cave city Chufut-Kale in our gallery

Page Materials are composed on the basis of the author's article Skywriter13

Books of history are full of stories about the most terrible epidemics and diseases that have erased from the face of the earth a lot of nations (sometimes by millions). This list considers 10 of the most famous and dangerous diseases, as well as their effect on history. Feel free to mention other interesting diseases in the comments and take part in discussions.

Tiff

The rapid tyif is one of the most dangerous diseases caused by the Bacteria Rickecia. The name comes from Greek Typhos, which means "smoky, or foggy." The first reliable description of the disease appears during the Spanish siege of the Moorish Granada in 1489. These records include descriptions of fever and red spots for hand, back and chest progressive to nonsense, dead wounds and won the rotting flesh. During the siege, the Spaniard lost 3,000 men from the actions of the enemy, but another 17,000 died of raw typhus. Epidemics occurred throughout Europe from the 16th to 19th centuries, as well as during the British Civil War, the Thirty-year war and Napoleonic wars. During the thirty-year war, approximately 8 million Germans were exterminated by the fever of the bubonic plague and rapid typhus. During Napoleon's retreat from Moscow in 1812, more French soldiers died of a rapid typhus than the Russians were killed.

Ebola virus

The hemorrhagic ebol fever is called in honor of the Ebola River, where the first recognized flash of fever occurred. Viruses are characterized by long threads and have a structure similar to the Marburg virus with similar symptoms of the disease. Ebola first appeared in 1976 in Zaire and remained uncertain until 1989, with an outbreak in Reston, Virginia. It was confirmed that hazardous disease is transmitted through body fluids, but transmission is possible through simple interaction with patients. In the early stages of Ebola may not be very contagious. Contact with someone in the early stages can even not pass the disease. While the disease progresses, physical fluids from diarrhea, vomiting, and bleeding is emergency biological danger. Due to the lack of proper equipment and hygienic methods, large-scale epidemics occur mainly in the poor, isolated areas without modern hospitals, or educated medical staff.

Malaria

Some symptoms of malaria are anemia, fever, cold, and even coma, or death. This disease is usually applied when a person is bruised by Mosquito Anofeles, who infected with infection from another person. Every year there are approximately 400 million cases of malaria that kills millions of people. This disease is one of the most common infectious diseases and a serious problem. Currently, no vaccine helps with the full probability to save the patient, but the development is carried out constantly.

Cholera

Cholera is one of the most dangerous diseases that cause serious epidemics. In its most serious form, cholera can be fatal. If you do not assist within three hours, an infected person can die. Signs - diarrhea, shock, bleeding from the nose, sorts of legs, vomiting and dry skin. The first outbreak of cholera was in Bengal, and from there extended to India, China, Indonesia and the Caspian Sea. When the pandemic finally ended in 1826, there were more than 15 million deaths in India alone. Oral rehydration therapy and antibiotics are currently cured of this disease.

OSP

OSAP, as believed, began to infect people in 10,000 BC. In England during the 18th century, this disease killed about 400,000 people every year and caused a lot of blindness cases. The main feature is an outbreak of small ulcers throughout the body. Other signs include vomiting, back pain, fever and headache. The earliest symptom of smallpox was discovered in ancient Egyptian mumers. It is believed that Egyptian merchants brought a disease in India, where it remained for 2000 years. After successful vaccination campaigns during the 19th and 20th centuries, it was announced the destruction of smallpox in December 1979. To this day, the OSAP is the only human infectious disease that was completely destroyed.

Spanish flu

The 1918 influenza pandemic (usually called Spanish flu) spread almost all over the world. The epidemic was caused unusually dangerous and fatal H1N1 subtype flu virus. Historical and epidemiological data do not allow to determine the geographical origin of the virus. Most of his victims were healthy, young and adults, in contrast to the majority of flu outbreaks, which predominantly affected children, elderly, or weakened patients. The pandemic has been launched from March 1918 to June 1920, extending even to the Arctic and remote Pacific Islands. It is believed that from 20 to 100 million people were killed around the world - the approximate equivalent of one third of the population of Europe. Interestingly, the Spanish flu comes from the same subtype (H1N1) as pork flu.

Yellow fever

Symptoms of yellow fever - fever, cold, slow heartbeat, nausea, vomiting and constipation. It is estimated that this disease causes approximately 30,000 deaths every year if people are not vaccinated. The famous flash of yellow fever was in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1793. The disease killed as many as 10,000 people in Philadelphia alone. Most of the population escaped from the city, including the president. But the mayor remained, and the life of the city was soon restored. The above-mentioned quarantine station of yellow fever.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis caused the widest public concern in the 19th and early 20th centuries, as the local disease of the urban poor. In 1815, every fourth death in England was associated with tuberculosis. By 1918, every sixth death event in France was still caused by this disease. In the 20th century, tuberculosis killed approximately 100 million people. This is often a fatal disease that affects the lungs. Signs - cough, weight loss, night sweat, and saliva with blood. Bone remains show that people are still 7,000 BC. were infected with tuberculosis.

Polio

Poliomyelitis is very infectious. This is a disease that affects the central nervous system and the spine, sometimes leaves the sacrifice paralyzed. Signs - headache, neck, back, and abdominal pain, vomiting, fever and irritability. In 1952, the flash in the United States led to 20,000 paralyzed children and more than 3,000 dead. Since then, vaccine has been created, and most children are protected.

Bubonic plague

Inflatable lymphatic glands, reddened, and then blackened skin, heavy breathing, rotting limbs, vomiting with blood and terrible pain - only some signs of bubonic plague. The pain is caused by rotting / disintegration of the flesh. This disease caused more than 200 million deaths. Perhaps the most famous and terrible pandemic was in Europe at the end of the 1300s. The plague then called no other than black death. This incident has reduced Europe's population almost twice. The bubonic plague is usually caused by bite of infected flea. Now, in modern times, several vaccines were created, which cure people, but once it was the most dangerous disease from all possible.

There is an opinion that animals, plants and people are dominated by the Earth's planet. But it is not really wrong. In the world there are countless microorganisms (microbes). And viruses are among the most dangerous. They can cause various human and animal diseases. Below is a list of ten most dangerous biological viruses for a person.

Huntavirus - the genus of viruses, transmitted by man when contacting rodents or products of their livelihoods. Huntavirus cause various diseases related to such groups of diseases as "hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome" (mortality average 12%) and "Huntavirus cardiopulmonal syndrome" (mortality up to 36%). The first major outbreak of the disease caused by Huntavirus and known as the "Korean hemorrhagic fever" occurred during the Korean War (1950-1953). Then more than 3,000 American and Korean soldiers felt the impact of the virus unknown at that time caused inner bleeding and violation of kidney functions. Interestingly, this virus is considered the likely cause of the epidemic in the XVI century, which destroyed the nationality of Aztecs.

The influenza virus is a virus that causes a person an acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract. Currently, there are more than 2 thousand of its variants, classifying according to three serotypes A, B, C. A group of virus from serotype A separated by strains (H1N1, H2N2, H3N2, etc.) is the most dangerous for a person and can lead to epidemic and pandemics. Every year in the world from seasonal flu epidemics dies from 250 to 500 thousand people (most of them are children under 2 years old and older people over 65).

The Marburg virus is a dangerous person's dangerous virus, first described in 1967 during small outbreaks in the German cities of Marburg and Frankfurt. In humans, it causes a hemorrhagic fever of Marburg (mortality of 23-50%), which is transmitted through blood, calus, saliva and vomit. Natural reservoir for this virus serve sick people are probably rodents and some types of monkeys. Symptoms in the early stages include fever, headache and muscle pain. In late - jaundice, pancreatitis, weight loss, delirium and neuropsychiatric symptoms, bleeding, hypovolemic shock and multiple bodies of organs, most often liver. The fever Marburg is among the top ten deaths transmitted from animals.

The sixth place in the list of the most dangerous human viruses is Rotavirus - a group of viruses, which are the most common cause of acute diarrhea among babies and young children. Transferred to fecal-oral way. This disease is usually easily treated, but more than 450,000 children under five years old are dying in the world, most of which live in underdeveloped countries.

Ebola virus - the genus of viruses, causing hemorrhagic ebol fever. It was first discovered in 1976 during the outbreak of the disease in the Ebola River basin (hence the name of the virus) in Zaire, DR Congo. It is transmitted with direct contact with blood, discharge, other liquids and organs of an infected person. For Ebola fever, a sudden increase in body temperature, pronounced general weakness, muscle and headaches, as well as throat pain. It is often accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, impaired kidney and liver functions, and in some cases internal and external bleeding. According to the US Disease Control Center, for 2015, 30,939 people were infected for Ebola fever, from which 12 910 (42%).

Denge virus is one of the most dangerous biological viruses for a person, causing a dengue fever, in severe cases that mortality is about 50%. The disease is characterized by fever, intoxication, myalgia, arthralgia, rash and an increase in lymph nodes. It is found mainly in the countries of South and Southeast Asia, Africa, Oceania and the Caribbean, where about 50 million people are infected annually. Virus pedestals is a sick person, monkey, mosquitoes and bats.

PCOS virus is a complex virus, a pathogen of a highly disintended disease that affects only a person. This is one of the most ancient diseases whose symptoms are chills, a pain in the field of a sacrum and a lower back, a rapid increase in body temperature, dizziness, headache, vomiting. On the second day, rashes appear, which over time turns into purulent bubbles. In the XX century, this virus was covered by 300-500 million people. At 1967 to 1979, about $ 298 million and 1979 were spent from 1967 to 1979 (in 2010, equivalent 1.2 billion dollars). Fortunately, the last famous case of infection was registered on October 26, 1977 in the Somali city of Mark.

The rabies virus is a dangerous virus, causing rabies in humans and warm-blooded animals, in which the specific lesion of the central nervous system occurs. This disease is transmitted with saliva in the bite of an infected animal. Accompanied by an increase in temperature to 37.2-37.3, poor sleep, patients become aggressive, violent, hallucinations appear, nonsense, feeling of fear, soon the paralysis of the eye muscles, lower extremities, paralytic respiratory disorders and death occurs. The first signs of the disease occur late when devastating processes (edema, hemorrhage, degradation of nerve cells) have already occurred in the brain, which makes treatment almost impossible. Today, only three cases of human recovery without the use of vaccination are recorded, everyone else ended with death.

Lasse virus - a deadly virus, which is the pathogen of the fever of Lasa in humans and primates. The disease was first discovered in 1969 in the Nigerian city of Lass. It is characterized by severe flow, damage to the respiratory, kidney, central nervous system, myocarditis and hemorrhagic syndrome. It is found mainly in West African countries, especially in Sierra Leone, the Republic of Guinea, Nigeria and Liberia, where the annual incidence is from 300,000 to 500,000 cases, of which 5 thousand leads to the patient's death. The natural reservoir of the fever of the Lassa is multi-seasy rats.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the most dangerous human virus, a HIV-infection / AIDS causative agent, which is transmitted through direct contact of the mucous membranes or blood with a liquid of bodily origin of the patient. During HIV infection, the same person forms all new strains (varieties) of the virus, which are mutants, completely different reproduction speeds that can initiate and kill those or other cell types. Without medical intervention, the average life expectancy of a person infected by the immunodeficiency virus is 9-11 years. According to the data for 2011, 60 million people in the world in the world for all time, from them: 25 million died, and 35 million continues to live with a virus.

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When people think about the most deathly diseases in the worldThem of their mind is likely to go to high-speed, incurable, which from time to time capture media headlines. But in fact, many of these types of diseases are not included in the number 10. It was estimated that in 2015, 56.4 million people died in the world, and 68 percent of them were caused by diseases that progressed slowly.

There are certain fatal diseases that to this day despite the achievements in the field of technologies and medicine, still can not be cured and have no chance of survival.

In the measure of possibilities, the treatment of the most fatal diseases is only the treatment of the symptoms of the patient to reduce suffering. Many of these diseases are part of national and international disease lists, since they are very infectious. Below we describe 25 of them:

Below is a list of Top-10's fatal diseases, which lead to most deaths worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

The most deadly disease in the world is a disease of the coronary artery. Also called ischemic heart disease, the CHA occurs when blood vessels that feed the blood in the heart are narrowed. May lead to chest pain, heart failure and arrhythmias.

Although the ischemic heart disease and remains the main cause of death, mortality decreased in many European countries and in the United States. This may be due to improving sanitary enlightenment, access to health care and prevention forms. However, in many developing countries, the mortality rate from IBS is growing. This increase increases the life expectancy, socio-economic changes and risk risk factors. It is included in the list of the most fatal diseases in the world.

Risk factors and prevention of ischemic heart disease

Risk factors for CADR include:

high blood pressure
high cholesterol
smoking
family History IBS
diabetes
overweight

Talk to your doctor if you have one or more of these risk factors.

You can prevent CDS with medication and maintain good heart health. Some steps that you can take to reduce the risk:

maintaining healthy weight
there is a balanced diet with low sodium content and high content of fruits and vegetables
avoid smoking
moderate alcohol consumption

Stroke arises when the artery in your brain is blocked or proceeds. It causes cells devoid of oxygen, start to die for a few minutes. During impact, you feel a sudden stupor and confusion or experience difficulties in walking and vision. If it is not treated, stroke can lead to a long disabilities.

In fact, stroke is one of the most fatal diseases. People receiving treatment for 3 hours after a stroke are less likely to have disability. Centers for the control and prevention of diseases report that 93 percent of people knew that a sudden numbness on the one hand was a symptom of stroke. But only 38% knew all the symptoms that would encourage them to seek emergency help. It is included in the list of the most fatal diseases in the world.

Risk factors and stroke prevention

Risk factors for stroke include:

high blood pressure
family story of stroke
especially in combination with oral contraceptives
being a woman

Some stroke risk factors can be reduced by prophylactic care, medicines and lifestyle changes. In general, good health habits can reduce the risk.

Ways to prevent stroke may include high blood pressure control using medicines or surgery. You must also support a healthy lifestyle, in addition to regular exercises and a healthy sodium diet. Avoid smoking and drinking only in moderate quantities, as these actions increase the risk of stroke.

Infectilation of the lower respiratory tract is an infection in the respiratory tract and lungs. This may be due to:

influenza
pneumonia
bronchitis
tuberculosis

Viruses usually cause lower respiratory tract infections. They can also be caused by bacteria. Cough is the main symptom of infection of the lower respiratory tract. You can also feel shortfall, whistling breathing, and compressed feelings in the chest. Non-treated infections of the lower respiratory tract can lead to respiratory failure and death. List of the most fatal diseases in the world. Are among the most fatal diseases in the world.

Risk factors and prevention

Risk factors for infection of the lower respiratory tract include:

flu
poor air quality or frequent impact of lung stimuli
smoking
weak immune system
crowded children's institutions that basically affect babies
asthma

One of the best preventive measures that can be taken against reducing respiratory infections is to get influenza vaccinations every year. People with a high risk of pneumonia can also get a vaccine. Wash your hands regularly with soap to avoid bacteria, especially before touching your face and before meals. Stay at home and relax until you feel better if you have a respiratory infection, and the rest improves healing.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term, progressive pulmonary disease, which makes breathing. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema types COPD. In 2004, about 64 million people in the world lived with COPD.

Risk factors and prevention

Risk factors for COPD include:

smoking or Passive Smoking
lungs stimuli, such as chemical evaporation
family History, with Gennic AATD connected with COPD
history Respiratory infections in childhood

There is no treatment of COPD, but its progression can be slowed down with medication. The best ways of preventing COPD to quit smoking and avoid passive smoking and other lung stimuli. If you are experiencing any COPD symptoms, treatment as soon as possible increases your horizons.

Breakfast cancer are cancer trachea, larynx, bronchi and lungs. The main reasons are smoking, passive smoking, and environmental toxins. But domestic pollution, such as fuel and mold, also contribute. One of the most fatal diseases in the world.

The effect of respiratory cancer on the world

In 2015, the study reports that respiratory cancer is about 4 million deaths annually. In developing countries, 81 is a 100 percent increase in respiratory tract diseases due to environmental pollution and smoking. In many Asian countries, especially in India, the coal for cooking is still used. Accounting for solid fuel emissions by 17 percent of death cancer in men and 22 percent of women.

Risk factors and prevention

Tracheei, bronchi, lung cancer can hit any person, but they most likely affect those who have a history of smoking or tobacco use. Other risk factors for such cancer include the history of the family and the impact of environmental factors, such as diesel pairs.

In addition to avoiding evaporation, and tobacco products, it is unknown, is there anything else that can be done to prevent lung cancer. However, early diagnosis can improve its appearance and reduce the symptoms of cancer of the respiratory organs.

Sugar diabetes is a group of diseases that affect the production of insulin. With type 1 diabetes mellitus, the pancreas cannot produce insulin. The reason is not known. With type 2 diabetes mellitus, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or insulin cannot be used effectively. Type 2 diabetes mellitus can be caused by a number of factors, including incorrect power, hypodynamia and overweight.

People in low- and middle-income countries have more chances of death from complications from diabetes. It is included in the list of the most fatal diseases in the world.

Risk factors and prevention

Risk factors for diabetes include:

excess body weight
high blood pressure
elderly age
not regular nutrition
unhealthy food

With diabetes, you can control the severity of symptoms, training regularly and maintaining a healthy nutrition. Adding fiber to the diet will help control blood sugar levels.

When you think about Alzheimer's disease or dementia, you can think about loss of memory, but you can not think about the deadly disease. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and interrupts normal mental functions. These include thinking, reasoning and typical behavior.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia - from 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases are, in fact, Alzheimer's disease. The disease begins, causing problems with the soft memory, it makes it difficult to memorize information. Over time, however, the disease progresses, and you may not have a memory of large periods of time. The study conducted in 2014 showed that the number of deaths due to Alzheimer's disease may be higher than reported.

Risk factors and prevention

Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease include:

being older than 65
family history of the disease
inheritance of disease genes from parents
existing moderate cognitive impairment
Down syndrome
unhealthy Lifestyle
women
previous injuries of the head
being disconnected from the community or having poor interaction with other people over long periods of time

Currently, there are no ways to prevent Alzheimer's disease. Research is not clear why some people develop it, and others are not. How they work to understand this, they also work to find preventive methods.

One thing that can be useful in reducing the risk of a heartily healthy diet. Diet, high content of fruits and vegetables, low content of saturated fat from meat and dairy products, and high in sources of useful fats, such as nuts, olive oil, and fish meat, can help you reduce your risk more than just heart disease - They can protect your brain from Alzheimer's disease, too.

Dehydration due to gastrointestinal diseases

Diarrhea is when you have three or more liquid stools per day. If diarrhea lasts more than a few days, your body loses too much water and salt. This causes dehydration that can lead to death. Diarrhea is usually caused by an intestinal virus or bacteria transmitted through infected water or food. This is especially common in developing countries with poor sanitary conditions.

Diarrhea is the second of the most fatal diseases of children under 5 years. About 760,000 children die from gastrointestinal diseases every year.

Risk factors and prevention

Risk factors of gastrointestinal diseases include:

live in the area with bad sanitary conditions
no access to clean water
age, children are most inclined to test heavy symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases
malnutrition
weakened immune system

According to UNICEF, the best method of prevention practices good hygiene. Good methods washing hands can reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases by 40 percent. Improving cleaning and quality of water, as well as early medical intervention can also help prevent gastrointestinal diseases.

Tuberculosis is the lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can be treated, although some strains are resistant to conventional treatment methods. Tuberculosis is one of the main deaths in the world in people with HIV. About 35 percent of HIV mortality from tuberculosis.

Cases of tuberculosis decreased by 1.5% annually since 2000. The goal is to end this disease by 2030.

Risk factors and prevention

Tuberculosis risk factors include:

diabetes
HIV infections
lower body weight
proximity to other people with tuberculosis
regular use of some drugs, such as corticosteroids or drugs, overwhelming the immune system

The best prophylaxis against tuberculosis is to obtain calmette-gerin bacillus vaccine (BCG). This is usually given to children. If you think that underwent tuberculosis, you can start taking a medicine to reduce the likelihood of the development of the disease.

Cirrhosis is the result of chronic or long scars and damage to the liver. Damage may be the result of a kidney disease, or this can be caused by diseases such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. A healthy liver filters harmful substances from your blood and sends healthy blood into your body. As substances damage the liver, the scar is formed.

As more scars tissues are formed, the liver should work harder to function normally. Ultimately, the liver can stop working. It is included in the list of the most fatal diseases in the world.

Risk factors and prevention

Risk factors for cirrhosis include:

use of chronic alcohol
the accumulation of fat around the liver (non-alcoholic liver disease)
chronic viral hepatitis

Stay away from behavior that can lead to damage to the liver to prevent cirrhosis. Long-term alcohol use and alcohol abuse are one of the leading causes of cirrhosis, so the avoidance of alcohol can help you prevent damage.

Similarly, you can avoid non-alcoholic liver disease, eating a healthy diet, rich in fruit and vegetables, as well as sugar and fat. Finally, you can reduce the likelihood of infection with viral hepatitis using protection during sex and avoiding to share what they can have traces of blood. It includes needles, razors, toothbrushes and much more.

Dissoliaries

While the deadly diseases increased, their more serious conditions also decreased. Some factors, such as an increase in life expectancy, naturally increase the incidence of diseases such as IBS, stroke and heart disease. But many of the diseases in this list can be prevented and amenable to treatment. As medicine continues to evolve, and prophylactic education is growing, we can observe a decrease in mortality from these diseases.

A good approach to reducing the risk of any of these states is a healthy lifestyle with good nutrition and exercise. Also can help the failure of smoking and drinking in moderate quantities. For bacterial or viral infections, proper hand washing can help prevent or reduce risk.