In nature and weather, changes are constantly taking place, now it snows, then it rains, then the sun bakes, then clouds are found. All this is called natural phenomena or natural phenomena. Phenomena of nature are changes that occur in nature independently of the will of man. Many natural phenomena are associated with the change of seasons (seasons), therefore they are called seasonal. For each season, and we have 4 of them - this is spring, summer, autumn, winter, its own natural and weather phenomena are characteristic. It is customary to divide nature into living (these are animals and plants) and inanimate. Therefore, phenomena are also divided into phenomena of living nature and phenomena of inanimate nature. Of course, these phenomena overlap, but some of them are especially characteristic of a particular season.

Spring phenomena of nature

In the spring, after a long winter, the sun warms up more and more, an ice drift begins on the river, thawed patches appear on the ground, buds swell, the first green grass grows. The day is getting longer and the night is shorter. It is getting warmer. Migratory birds begin their journey to the regions where they will raise their chicks.

What natural phenomena happen in spring?

Snow melting. As more heat comes from the Sun, the snow begins to melt. The air around is filled with the murmur of streams, which can provoke the onset of floods - a clear sign of spring.

Thawed patches. They appear wherever the snow cover was thinner and where more sun fell on it. It is the appearance of thawed patches that suggests that winter has surrendered its rights, and spring has begun. The first greens quickly make their way through the thawed patches; on them you can find the first spring flowers - snowdrops. Snow will lie in crevices and depressions for a long time, but on the hills and in the fields it melts quickly, substituting the islets of land under the warm sun.

Frost. It was warm and suddenly froze - frost appears on the branches and wires. These are frozen crystals of moisture.

Ice drift. It gets warmer in spring, the ice crust on rivers and lakes begins to crack, and the ice gradually melts. Moreover, there is more water in reservoirs, it carries ice floes downstream - this is an ice drift.

High water. Streams of melted snow flow from everywhere to the rivers, they fill the reservoirs, the water comes out of the banks.

Thermal winds. The sun gradually warms up the earth, and at night it begins to give off this heat, winds are formed. While they are still weak and unstable, but the warmer it becomes around, the more the air masses move. Such winds are called thermal, they are characteristic of the spring season.

Rain. The first spring rain is cold, but not as cold as snow 🙂

Thunderstorm. At the end of May, the first thunderstorm may thunder. Not so strong yet, but bright. Thunderstorms are discharges of electricity in the atmosphere. Thunderstorms often occur when warm air is displaced and lifted by cold fronts.

Grad. This is the falling out of a cloud of ice balls. The hail can range in size from a tiny pea to a chicken egg, and it can even pierce through the glass of a car!

These are all examples of phenomena of inanimate nature.

Blooming is a spring phenomenon of living nature. The first buds appear on trees in late April - early May. The grass has already pierced its green stems, and the trees are preparing to put on green outfits. The leaves will bloom quickly and suddenly and the first flowers are about to bloom, substituting their centers for the awakened insects. Summer is coming soon.

More about spring, spring natural phenomena and weather signs >>

Summer natural phenomena

In summer, the grass turns green, flowers bloom, leaves turn green on the trees, you can swim in the river. The sun warms up well, it can be very hot. Summer is the longest day and shortest night of the year. Berries and fruits ripen, the harvest ripens.

In summer, there are natural phenomena such as:

Rain. While in the air, water vapor is supercooled, forming clouds consisting of millions of small ice crystals. The low temperature in the air, below zero degrees, leads to the growth of crystals and to the heaviness of the frozen drops, which melt in the lower part of the cloud and fall out in the form of raindrops on the earth's surface. In summer, the rain is usually warm and helps to water the forests and fields. Often summer rain is accompanied by a thunderstorm. If it rains and the sun is shining at the same time, they say that it is "Mushroom Rain". Such rain happens when the cloud is small and does not cover the sun.

Heat. In summer, the rays of the Sun fall on the Earth more vertically and heat its surface more intensely. And at night, the surface of the earth gives off heat to the atmosphere. Therefore, in summer it is hot during the day, and sometimes even at night.

Rainbow. Occurs in humid atmospheres, often after rain or thunderstorms. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon of nature, for the observer it manifests itself in the form of a multi-colored arc. When the sun's rays are refracted in water droplets, an optical distortion occurs, consisting in the deviation of different colors, the white color is broken into a spectrum of colors in the form of a multi-colored rainbow.

Flowering begins in spring and lasts all summer.

Autumn phenomena of nature

In the fall, you no longer run on the street in a T-shirt and shorts. It becomes colder, the foliage turns yellow, falls off, migratory birds fly away, insects disappear from sight.

Autumn is characterized by the following natural phenomena:

Leaf fall. As they go through their year-round cycle, plants and trees shed their leaves in the fall, exposing bark and branches, preparing for hibernation. Why does the tree get rid of the leaves? So that the snow that falls does not break the branches. Even before the leaves of the trees dry, turn yellow or turn red, and, gradually, the wind throws the leaves to the ground, forming a leaf fall. This is an autumn phenomenon of living nature.

Fogs. The earth and water are still warming up during the day, but in the evening it gets colder and fog appears. At high air humidity, for example, after a rain or in a damp, cool season, the cooled air turns into small water droplets floating above the ground - this is fog.

Dew. These are water droplets from the air that fell on the grass and leaves in the morning. During the night, the air cools down, water vapor that is in the air comes into contact with the surface of the earth, grass, tree leaves and settles in the form of water droplets. On cold nights, dew drops freeze, causing it to turn to frost.

Shower. This is a heavy, "pouring" rain.

Wind. This is the movement of air currents. The wind is especially cold in autumn and winter.

As in spring, there is frost in autumn. This means there is a light frost outside - frost.

Fog, dew, downpour, wind, frost, frost are autumn phenomena of inanimate nature.

Winter phenomena of nature

Snow falls in winter, it gets cold. Rivers and lakes are frozen in ice. In winter, the nights are the longest and the shortest days, it gets dark early. The sun barely warms.

Thus, the phenomena of inanimate nature characteristic of winter:

Snowfall is the fall of snow.

Blizzard. It is snowfall with wind. It is dangerous to be outside in a blizzard, it increases the risk of hypothermia. A severe blizzard can even knock you off your feet.

Freezing is the formation of a crust of ice on the surface of the water. The ice will last all winter until spring, until the snow melts and the spring ice drift.

Another natural phenomenon - clouds - happens at any time of the year. Clouds are droplets of water gathered in the atmosphere. Water evaporating on the ground turns into steam, then, together with warm air currents, rises above the ground. So water is transported over long distances, the water cycle in nature is ensured.

More about winter and winter natural phenomena >>

Unusual natural phenomena

There are also very rare, unusual natural phenomena such as the northern lights, ball lightning, tornadoes and even fish rain. One way or another, such examples of the manifestation of inanimate natural forces cause both surprise and, at times, anxiety, because many of them can harm a person.

Now you know a lot about natural phenomena and can accurately find those characteristic of a particular season 🙂

The materials were prepared for a lesson on the subject of the world around us in grade 2, the Perspective and School of Russia programs (Pleshakov), but will be useful for any primary school teacher and parents of preschoolers and junior schoolchildren in home schooling.

"How Snow Forms" - Let's explore the properties of snow and ice. The first snowflakes in the air whirl, Fall to the ground, but not stale. The snow is white. In the warmth, snow and ice melt. The ice is transparent. Pooh flies - It dazzles in the eyes, And if you catch it - It is cold. Snowflakes form high in the sky, in the clouds. For what? Not a gem, but glistens.

"Inanimate nature in winter" - Inanimate nature in winter. Winter months. Snowfall. Winter phenomena in inanimate nature. Rime. Thaw. December January February. 2. January - "jelly". Changes in inanimate nature in our region. 1. December is "wind-winter". Characteristics of winter. 1. Thaw 2. Ice 3. Snowfall 4. Blizzard 5. Rime. 3. February - "snow".

"In the winter in the forest" - The winter forest is beautiful and sad. Let flocks flock to your porch from all over. Kinglet. Tit. Yes, and changed his fur coat. There is a lot of snow in the forest! Zhelna. The nuthatch is found in mixed flocks of tits, woodpeckers, and red beetles. Jay. Indeed, in a white fur coat, the fox will not immediately notice the bunny. Feed the birds in winter!

"Wild animals in winter" - In winter, wolves live in packs. Characters. - Today we have not talked about another beautiful animal, the bear. - There are also hares, hares. - Schoolchildren should be, first of all, ecologically cultured people. Target. The hunt opens at a certain time and in certain places. - Here they told how the squirrel is protected from enemies.

"Snow winter" - Today is a day from the sun, the frost spreads on the branches, Winter has come. Outside the window in a white field - Twilight, wind, snow ... Our river, as if in a fairy tale, Overnight was paved with frost, On fluffy branches With a snowy border Brush blossomed White fringe. Bela is a darling, white. Looking at each other, Sleeping in the snow at home.

"The World Around in Winter" - Winter Games. What winter fun do you know? To form in children a cognitive interest in the world around them, their native nature. Signs of winter. What signs of winter do you know? Authors: Educators of the Kindergarten in Vostochny settlement Bannova I.V. What seasons do you know? Objective of the project. Guess the time of year. Educational questions.

There are 13 presentations in total

Not all people love winter, with its frost, ice, and difficult driving conditions. Indeed, winter can be a dangerous and unpleasant time of the year. But she can also be fantastically beautiful. Grab a cup of hot drink, wrap yourself in a blanket, and we will tell you about the most amazing phenomena that happen in winter.

7. Light poles

These "lightsabers" as if hovering above the surface of the earth can be mistaken for UFOs from afar. On a frosty night, they are a delightful sight that seems to be the work of supernatural forces.

However, science has long known about the existence of pillars of light. They appear when light is reflected from the smallest ice crystals suspended in the air (with a hexagonal section or columnar, depending on the angle of the sun or moon). Such crystals usually appear in high cirrus clouds. However, ice crystals form in the lower layers of the atmosphere during frost. Therefore, pillars of light often appear in winter. And their multicolored hue is due to the lights they reflect.

It is interesting that similar phenomena can occur in sunny weather and under the moon, depending on which light is reflected from the ice crystals.

6. Snow Thunderstorm

This is a meteorological phenomenon, in which during a snowstorm, thunder rumbles and lightning flashes like a summer.

According to forecasters, snow thunderstorms occur when cold atmospheric fronts invade warm air mass. The speed of movement of such fronts is, on average, 40 km / h.

When, in an unstable atmosphere, cold air comes into contact with warm air, a sharp temperature drop occurs (up to several tens of degrees at an altitude of several kilometers). Because of this, thunder and lightning occur, and in addition, heavy snowfalls.

A snow thunderstorm is a rather rare event for Russia. It was observed in Novosibirsk, in December 2015, in Novorossiysk in January 2012, in the capital in December 1995 and in the same month in 2011. However, in Murmansk, a snowstorm occurs, on average, once a year.

5. Pancake ice

A strange sight can sometimes be observed in winter: the river is covered with circles that reach up to 3 meters in diameter. These circles look like a round pizza or huge pancakes, but they are not made of dough, but ice up to ten centimeters thick.

Experts say this ice-cold "pizza" is formed when the freezing process is interrupted by the ripple of the water, and patches of ice collide and rub at the edges, erasing sharp corners.

These pancakes are most commonly found in Antarctica, but can occur in any large body of water.

4. Hoarfrost

On a cold day, on the bushes and trees, you can see a thin layer of small ice crystals, similar to the beard of Santa Claus.

Frost is created similarly to dew. At negative temperatures, the contact of water vapor molecules with a branch or other object leads to their transition from a gaseous state to a solid one. This is what causes the appearance of many feathery ice crystals. The more moisture the air contains, the thicker the frost will be.

3. Frozen frogs

Third place in the top 7 amazing winter natural phenomena went to an ordinary, at first glance, frog. Different animals have physiological characteristics that help them survive in the cold. Bears, for example, hibernate, but the tree frog has an even simpler strategy: it just freezes.

For the winter, tree frogs look for depressions in the ground. They fill it with leaves and twigs that provide warmth, burrow into shelter and hibernate. The frog's heart stops beating, organs stop functioning, and the blood freezes.

If we were talking about another living being, then such a freezing would damage the tissues of the body, destroying the fragile structures of cells. After all, dehydrated cells can no longer function.

But the tree frog avoids this life-threatening dilemma. Before hibernation, a large amount of glucose is produced in her body, which is then transported into cells and acts as an antifreeze.

Urea levels are also increased, which contributes to additional cell protection. While the cells themselves are not frozen, the water freezes in the skin, eyes and muscles, making the frog hard as a stone.

When spring comes, the amphibian thaws without the slightest damage to health.

2. A hole in the sky

Only in winter you can observe the phenomenon, which in English literature is called Skypunch (and also Fallstreak hole and Hole punch cloud). It seems that the hand of a giant living in the sky has reached down and made a hole in the clouds so that you can better see what is happening below.

A similar phenomenon occurs only when the water droplets in the clouds are in a supercooled position. In the absence of freezing nuclei, water droplets can remain in a liquid state at temperatures up to minus 40 degrees Celsius.

When exposed to an external force, some of the water droplets turn into ice and begin a chain reaction of freezing and falling down the rest of the droplets. Because of this, a large circle forms in the clouds in a matter of seconds.

Studies have confirmed that passing aircraft are responsible for the initiation of the droplet crystallization process. As planes fly through the cloud, the air cools as it travels through the wings and propeller of the plane.

1. Deadly icicles

If you thought about an ordinary icicle that can fall on your head and kill, then you were wrong. The underwater icicles that form in the frosty conditions of the Arctic and Antarctica are no less deadly.

This is how it goes.

  • The interaction of water with cold air masses leads to the formation of ice on the surface of the water.
  • Salt flows out of the ice, which increases the salinity of the water and lowers its freezing point. The density of the water also increases.
  • The salt brine under the ice comes into contact with the ice and is cooled to its temperature.
  • The result is an underwater analogue of stalactite - brinikl (Finger of Death). In shape, it resembles a tentacle or ice tube that stretches towards the seabed.
  • When the giant "tube" reaches the bottom, it begins to expand, instantly freezing (and killing) everything it touches.

“They (brinikles) look like inverted cacti that are blown out of glass, as if from the imagination of Dr. Seuss. They are incredibly fragile and can break at the slightest touch, ”explains Andrew Thurber, professor at Oregon State University.

And nevertheless, the icy "fingers of death" can reveal the secrets of life to scientists. Bruno Escricano, a researcher at the Spanish Research Institute in Bilbao, claims that inside the sea ice there is a high concentration of chemicals, lipids and fats that coat the interior of the structure. They can act as a primitive membrane - one of the conditions necessary for life. These components may also contain ingredients required to make DNA. Of course, it is unlikely that Captain America will be able to get out of such ice, but perhaps the brinicles will be able to explain to scientists what life forms can arise on planets chained in ice.

Winter is a harsh time, especially in the northern latitudes of our hemisphere. Its calendar time is known, but it often happens that the first signs of winter come much earlier. Slushy November weather gives way to December frosts, which bind the reservoirs, dressing the earth in a fluffy blanket of snow. The day becomes short, and the nights drag on languidly in anticipation of the first ray of the sun.

The most common natural phenomena in winter:

The shortest day falls on the period winter solstice... It is December 21 on the night of 22. Shortest day and longest night. From this time, the countdown begins and the daytime increases, reducing the nighttime.

Clouds decrease lower, become heavy, gray from overflowing moisture. There is no lightness and accuracy in them, they obscure the entire winter sky, filling the air with the smell of moisture and freshness. It is they who bring heavy snowfalls covering the ground with meter-long snowdrifts.

This is winter precipitation. In winter, they cover everything around with a dense blanket, creating a kind of microclimate that helps plants and small animals survive the harsh cold weather. The lower the air temperature, the looser the snow flooring becomes, it crunches harder underfoot and pricks when touched.

In calm weather, snow falls in large snowflakes, with an increase in intensity, the snow turns into blizzard- the most formidable winter phenomenon of nature. It occurs when the first gust of wind appears. He lifts the snow cover and carries it, dragging it along. In nature, there are upstream and downstream blizzards, depending on the redistribution of air masses. Typically, severe snowstorms occur in the middle of winter, at the peak of seasonal temperatures. It is on this natural phenomenon that the formation of a snowy landscape depends: the snow blown away by the wind takes on bizarre forms of snowdrifts.

Frequent companion of winter weather - ice... It is an ice crust that forms on any surface after a sharp temperature drop. Wet snow, rain before severe frost can provoke its appearance. As a rule, it is ice that binds the entire area of ​​small streams and other sources of moisture, so it does not have to rain for it to appear.

If in winter there are severe prolonged frosts, they fetter the deepest reservoirs, which freeze to very decent depths, this is how it begins freeze-up paralyzing shipping. The ice will break only during strong warming, when the sun's rays begin to warm up its firmament.

Frosts belong to dangerous natural phenomena. They can be installed for a long time if a winter anticyclone prevails in the area. As a rule, abnormal frosts are rare. Deviation from the usual norm does not occur everywhere and not always. Low temperatures can cause significant damage to agriculture and provoke an emergency, so all utilities are on alert in winter.

Another indispensable attribute of winter - icicle- a cone-shaped piece of ice that hangs from a plane. During the day, the sun warms up the snow, it begins to melt and leak, and at night the frost intensifies, everything around freezes. The mass of the icicle grows as the snow melts, then it collapses from its own weight and crumbles from collision with the ground.

It is with the melting of icicles that a smooth transition to spring as the air temperature rises gradually, the days get longer and Frost patterns disappear, seeping melt water into the warmed earth.


Natural phenomena characterize the weather with seasonal changes in nature and are observed during certain seasons of the year. Each season has its own distinctive weather phenomena of nature: bloom in spring, thunderstorm in summer, leaf fall in autumn and snow in winter.

Winter phenomena in inanimate nature:
1. Thaw
2. Ice
3. Snowfall
4. Blizzard
5. Rime.

Winter is a harsh time, especially in the northern latitudes of our hemisphere. Its calendar time is known, but it often happens that the first signs of winter come much earlier. Slushy November weather gives way to December frosts, which bind the reservoirs, dressing the earth in a fluffy blanket of snow. The day becomes short, and the nights drag on languidly in anticipation of the first ray of the sun.

The shortest day falls on the winter solstice. It is December 21 on the night of 22. Shortest day and longest night. From this time, the countdown begins and the daytime increases, reducing the nighttime.
The clouds are dropping lower, becoming heavy, gray with overflowing moisture. There is no lightness and accuracy in them, they obscure the entire winter sky, filling the air with the smell of moisture and freshness. It is they who bring heavy snowfalls covering the ground with meter-long snowdrifts.

Snow is winter precipitation. In winter, they cover everything around with a dense blanket, creating a kind of microclimate that helps plants and small animals survive the harsh cold weather. The lower the air temperature, the looser the snow flooring becomes, it crunches harder underfoot and pricks when touched.

In calm weather, snow falls in large snowflakes, with an increase in intensity, the snow turns into a blizzard - the most formidable winter phenomenon of nature. It occurs when the first gust of wind appears. He lifts the snow cover and carries it, dragging it along. In nature, there are upstream and downstream blizzards, depending on the redistribution of air masses. Typically, severe snowstorms occur in the middle of winter, at the peak of seasonal temperatures. It is on this natural phenomenon that the formation of a snowy landscape depends: the snow blown away by the wind takes on bizarre forms of snowdrifts.

A frequent companion of winter weather is ice. It is an ice crust that forms on any surface after a sharp temperature drop. Wet snow, rain before severe frost can provoke its appearance. As a rule, it is ice that binds the entire area of ​​small streams and other sources of moisture, so it does not have to rain for it to appear.
If in winter there are severe prolonged frosts, they shackle the deepest reservoirs, which freeze to very decent depths, so freeze-up begins, paralyzing navigation. The ice will break only with strong warming, when the sun's rays begin to warm up its firmament.

Frosts are dangerous natural phenomena. They can be installed for a long time if a winter anticyclone prevails in the area. As a rule, abnormal frosts are rare. Deviation from the usual norm does not occur everywhere and not always. Low temperatures can cause significant damage to agriculture and provoke an emergency, so all utilities are on alert in winter.

Another indispensable attribute of winter is an icicle - a cone-shaped piece of ice that hangs from a plane. During the day, the sun warms up the snow, it begins to melt and leak, and at night the frost intensifies, everything around freezes. The mass of the icicle grows as the snow melts, then it collapses from its own weight and crumbles from collision with the ground.

It is with the melting of icicles that a smooth transition to spring begins, when the air temperature gradually rises, the days become longer, and the frosty patterns disappear, seeping melt water into the warmed earth.
Snow is a winter type of atmospheric precipitation. It has its own crystal structure, which is based on frozen microscopic water droplets. When a drop passes through the cold atmospheric layers of air and falls to the ground, it freezes and grows overgrown with its fellows, clinging to them, forming six-pointed snowflakes. This form is due to the physical laws of water freezing.

What is snow made of?
Each of the snowflakes rarely exceeds 5 mm in size, but the openwork interweaving of the edges can be very diverse. It is not yet clear why each snowflake is not alike, why each of them has perfect symmetry. Today it has already been proven that all snowflakes have clear geometric lines that are combined in a hexagonal format, it is the water molecule itself that has a hexagonal shape, therefore, freezing in the clouds and turning into an ice crystal, water is formed according to this principle, capturing other molecules along the chain, located in close proximity.

The bizarre shape is influenced by both the air temperature and the indicator of its humidity. But today no one doubts that a snowflake is essentially the links of one chain of a frozen water molecule. The contours of the snowflake itself are angular. The tips are likely to resemble sharp tips or needles. Moreover, they are all different, each snowflake has its own pointed pattern. Today there is no answer to the question of why this is happening. Perhaps we will very soon become witnesses of new scientific discoveries that will reveal to us the secret of geometric symmetry and the dissimilarity of snowflakes.

The presence of snow plays an important role. The snow blanket covers the ground with a thick layer of white blanket. It keeps warm and prevents plants and small animals from perishing. Without it, winter crops will die, there will be no harvest, no bread will be born. Snow creates that necessary moisture reserve, which is so important during spring awakening. Therefore, the importance of snow cannot be overestimated.