Transcript airport transcript. Aviation slang dictionary. The geographic coordinates of Piedras Negras airport

Types of aviation (in accordance with the Air Code of the Russian Federation):

Civil Aviation (GA)

- aviation used to meet the needs of citizens and the economy.

Commercial aviation (CA)

Civil aviation used for the provision of services (for the implementation of air transportation of passengers, baggage, cargo, mail) and (or) the performance of aviation work.

General aviation (GA)

- civil Aviation , not used to implement commercial air transportation and aerial work .

State aviation

- aviation used to carry out the functions of the state. Includes military aviation used to solve problems in the field of defense of the Russian Federation by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and state special aviation used to solve the tasks assigned to the federal executive authorities in the field of ensuring the security of the Russian Federation, the field of ensuring the security of state security facilities, the field of internal affairs, as well as in the areas of customs, space activities, civil defense, protection of the population and territories from natural emergencies and of a man-made nature, including ensuring the safety of people at water bodies and fire safety.

Experimental aviation

- aviation used for development, experimental, research work, as well as testing of aviation and other equipment.

Business aviation / business aviation

Is the civil aviation industry specialized in development, production, operation, maintenance of aviation equipment intended for individual and corporate VIP flights , as well as the provision of related services. Currently, this term has no formal definition in the legislation.

Commercial air transportation

- air transportation provided for a fee.

JSC (Aircraft Operator)

- aircraft operator.

AOC (Aircraft Operational Control)

- operational control of the aircraft.

AOC (Air Operator Certificate)

- Air Transport Operator Certificate.

FBO (Fixed Base Operator)

- an organization that provides a range of services at the airport for servicing aircraft and passengers, such as aircraft refueling, parking, hangar storage, maintenance and repair, aircraft rental, sale of charters, taxi services, etc.

– aviation training center .

- ultralight aircraft.

EMS (Emergency Medical Services)

- a term denoting an aircraft modification intended for the provision of medical assistance / transportation of victims.

ALAR (Approach and Landing Accident Reduction)

- initiative Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) on the development and distribution of a set of information notes with risk lists, instructions, videos, presentations and other materials aimed at raising awareness of pilots in terms of preventing accidents during approach and landing.

CFIT (Controlled Flight into Terrain)

- this term denotes an aircraft accident in which the crew, while operating a serviceable aircraft, makes an unintentional collision with the earth or water surface, mountains or other obstacles. This incident usually occurs due to the crew's ignorance of the threat of collision with the ground (water) until it is too late to prevent collision.

SMS (Safety Management System)

- Safety Management System or Safety Management System (SMS). Developed by ICAO, it assumes a systematic approach to safety management, including organizational structures, responsibilities, policies and procedures aimed at continuous improvement of aviation safety.

IOSA (IATA Operational Safety Audit)

- developed by IATA, a special procedure for assessing airline operational management systems. Operations audit covers the following areas:

- search and rescue operations.

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Airports

• Babodedovo, Darmoedovo, Gomodedovo, House, Grandfather - Domodedovo
• Granddaughter - Vnukovo
• Korovkino - Bykovo
• Sharik, Sharoykino, Sharomyga, Sharomyzhkino, "Shire, Mother Ego", Sherema - Sheremetyevo
• Rama - Ramenskoye airfield
• Hitrovka - Heathrow airfield (London)

Weather

• four nines - good weather
• million in a million - visibility over 10 km
• puff - stratus clouds
• piles - cumulus clouds
• cover - the weather is below the minimum
• dung, shit - bad weather
• stones from the sky - heavy rain
• mryaka - blizzard
• mryok with milk - fog with precipitation

Airplane elements

• snout, penny - nose; tailbone - tail; belly - the middle part of the fuselage
• rowing, waving - propeller; palm tree - helicopter main rotor in the parking lot
• fan, meat grinder - screw engine
• burner - the outlet of the turbojet turbine
• paws, legs, legs, mosles - chassis ("pull the legs" - remove the chassis, "throw the wheels" - advice that it's time to release the chassis)
• bast shoes - pads for sun wheels
• burdocks - flaps, spoilers, brake flaps
• bank - aircraft cabin (tube - passenger cabin of a small aircraft)
• pot - toilet (swallow - toilet; splash guard - faucet in the toilet)
• trestle bed - passenger seat, cuff - upper part of the seat, boulevard - passage between the seats
• hole - porthole
• noose - seat belt
• cabinet - cockpit
• horns - steering wheel (RS (cattle) - flight personnel, cattle (cattle) - command and control personnel)
• muzzle - oxygen mask
• ears - headset
• stool, bench, cup - pilot's seat in the cockpit (left cup - PIC's seat, right cup - co-pilot's seat. The motto of the co-pilot: “Our business is right not to interfere with the left!” A fighter is a bad co-pilot. Guardsman is a good co-pilot. The phrase from the song: "Well, here I am on the left stool ...")
• Tamara - Sparka (on MiG-21)
• counter - a plug connector for connecting ground power to the aircraft
• traffic light - light signaling in the cargo-passenger cabin of the aircraft equipped for landing
• button accordion - a conglomeration of gas stations behind a seat in the cockpit of the MiG-29
• newspaper - light signal boards located on the upper central console
• carrot - keel fairing for electronic warfare antennas on Tu-160
• pioneer - direction and slide indicator (the term originates from the imported devices of the American company "Pioneer")
• soldier - mechanical backup of the indicator of the extended position of the landing gear
• l opata - brake flap Su-27
• dog lover - the space of an airplane glider where you can carry personal cargo
• eyes - landing lights
• fins - horizontal stabilizer (scallop - vertical)
• goiter - lower cockpit light

At the airfield

• board - aircraft
• tram - aircraft in normal passenger configuration (cabin - aircraft in VIP configuration)
• gut - bridle board or ground power cable
• pipelac - self-propelled gangway
• passenger carrier - telescopic gangway
• livestock truck, hearse - bus for passengers
• member - car VIP
• cassette - hot food wrapped in foil
• chicken - catering
• service of goats - service of flight attendants of AK Transaero (the name comes from the name of the head of the service M.M. Kozlov, who, according to internal legend, is represented as "the head of the service Kozlov")
• hanger - installation for weighing luggage
• boob, can - tanker
• zelenka, tarragon - gasoline B-91/115 (from the characteristic green color)
• pigeon house, birdhouse - control tower
• bow - locator installation in AP
• condom, sorcerer - windsock
• shit - a machine for draining chemical. toilet fluids
• tablet - ambulance
• Tamagotchi - TMX-30 baggage tractor
• massandra, bulldozer, equivalent, epee and much more - aviation alcohol
• massandrovoz - distiller
• massandric key - a key from the filler neck
• liqueur chassis - alcohol with glycerin from amortstoek
• shaernitsa - pliers for screwing connectors ШР
• TK-16 (16-kg tank sledgehammer) - a device for dismantling the stabilizer on the MiG-23
• sledgehammer - sledgehammer
• teddy bear - a small hydraulic lift
• goose - a ladder with a long "neck" for access to the top of the fuselage
• sludge - a bar for draining sediment
• slurry - hydraulic fluid
• vodka - kerosene
• TOM, zmey gorynych - heat blowing machine for deicing
• high-rise - high-altitude oxygen service
• Oxygen bootle
• slider - flight task
• bow - flight back and forth between two airfields on the MVL (outside the base)
• tram trip - a trip with several stopovers or a trip performed from day to day on the same route, without any changes
• window dressing - demonstration performances, demonstration of aircraft
• gangbang - group aerobatics flights
• nut - restricted area of ​​Barvikha (octahedron on the screen); "draw through the hole" - the flight of the aircraft between the "nut" and Moscow
• neighbors - a nearby military airfield; "drive along the fence" - the flight of the aircraft along the border with the "neighbors"
• checkerboard - form for manual registration of passengers at check-in
• check-in - check-in for the flight
• shmon - inspection
• red plan - daily flight plan for operational services of the airport
• physical education (physical exercise) - checking mechanization before takeoff
• chevretka - uniform jacket of the flight crew made of chevrette leather
• romper pants - semi-overalls from a demi-season or winter set of flight uniforms
• radiculitka - demi-season jacket
• Order of the Stoop - badge "For accident-free air raid"

People in aviation

• flight master - felt pen
• pinstr - instructor (in civil aviation, and in military - shkrab)
• boot - pilot of military transport aviation
• skipper - co-pilot ("legs together - salary two hundred" - about the right pilot)
• rvach - a pilot with sanity
• white-headed - pilot in helmet
• boarder - flight mechanic
• fornication - navigator
• talker bird - radio operator
• frostbitten - a crew that does not respond quickly to commands
  
• steward, wire, girls, boys - flight attendants ("click on the girl" - click on the call button for flight attendants)
• old sick cassette - experienced flight attendant
• paks, nausea, banderlog, pickuli - passengers (umka - unaccompanied child; bagmen - shuttles; economists - economy class passengers; businessmen, truffles - business class passengers; first class passengers; cattle corral, press fit - boarding of passengers)
• mullet - passenger traffic (for example, “mullet has gone”); shalanda - jet aircraft of civil aviation
• shura - cop in the cabin in case of hijacking
• glide path master - landing dispatcher
• lord of the ring - circle manager
• nachpryg - head of PDS
• super, superman - supervisor on the platform
• Hitler Youth - employee of the East Line Security (the name is due to the characteristic dark blue uniform)
• oil tank, oil bucket, elephant - CD technician (aircraft and engine); elephant - short for Airplane Service, and it is also one of the Elephants that keeps aviation
• lace, wild boar, monkey, monkey, rosin, special, kischkomot - specialist in AiREO (aviation and radio-electronic equipment).
• copper-headed, double-headed, tupatites, barrels, oak cutters, bombheads - AB (aviation weapons) specialists
• Click - AB Technician
• hemp, skullA - PNK (flight and navigation complex) specialists
• wind blower, meteorologist - meteorologist
• boar - an employee of the aviation security service (VOKHR)
• Masemshchik - a driver of a sewage airfield special vehicle (from the Soviet MA-7, called GUK - shit-harvester)
• panicles - employees of the service engaged in internal cleaning on board the aircraft
• turtle - interior cleaning employee
• Carlson - paraglider
• batman, bed sheet, hang glider - hang glider
• jumped - parachutists

Slang phrases

• pull the horns - turn the steering wheel
• fly on horns (on hands) - pilot the aircraft if the autopilot fails
• fly (pull) on light bulbs - fly with low fuel remaining
• flap wings - fly with insufficient fuel or land with faulty engines
• to fornicate - to fly with a lost orientation
• go against the grain - fly on an echelon with a course for which the echelon is not intended
• fluff, bristle, wool on end - release mechanization
• whisper clutches - full throttle
• polish - fly without problems
• march - fly in cruise flight
• wash away - go through the clouds
• shave the weed - perfect to land the plane
• promotion - soft landing
• to gild the keel - to sit under the approach
• fold wings - land (after stopping on the runway)
• knock out the plug - open the door after landing
• score flights - canceling flights
• give a pulse - pass the pre-flight inspection
• to stomp - to maneuver along the steering tracks in the AP
• wait for traffic lights - stand in front of the runway exit
• make a poker, make Semyon - swoop in a day 7.00
• make Vasily - swoop in a day 8.00
• unbend hooks - take short flights
• bones overboard, leave the office, pull the balls - eject
• scoop up - an unplanned loss of altitude in the process of performing a maneuver
• bushes flickering - withdrawal from the maneuver below the minimum safe height
• slip - fell into an air hole
• push up - turn on reverse, start braking
• entry according to the scheme - returning home under a good degree, that is, drunk
• spare care - care for a friend (mistress)
• drilling holes in the ZS - unsuccessful family life (holes are for horns)
• go into a tailspin, go into promotion - go into a binge
• breaking the weather - having a booze in bad weather
• nose to the alignment point - the position of the pilot who has fallen asleep while drunk at the table
• blenkers fell out - went through alcohol
• failure of the vertical gyro (or blockage of the gyro unit) - the level of drunkenness, when you cannot stand on your feet, but there is still a remnant of strength to move (and attempts to move lead to periodic falls)
• corpopause - the state of the pilot when overworked, after taking a large dose
• drain the sludge - go to the toilet
• presses on the valve - the desire to piss ("Passat" is a lightweight "Nissan")
• center - to steal something from the aircraft (cargo, luggage, catering)
• KUR zero bulldozer to mass - fly to the radio station
• wind the glide path on the propeller - hang noodles on the ears of the interlocutor
• sticks up - engine failure
• badges flew - accident
• a mouthful of earth is a disaster
• to unfold - to break the aircraft (mainly - during landing)
• minor breakdowns - aircraft fragments collected from the crash site by rakes
• oblique plane - plane after engine failure. Fly on an oblique plane - fly with asymmetrical thrust
• the left egg is heavier - to fly with a chronic left lurch
• set fire to crosses, cross - (for dispatchers) close the marks, which triggers the Dangerous Approach Warning System (FPOS), crosses light up around the marks
• push up - inability to quickly clear the runway
• release - tow the aircraft
• stand on a string - release the plane
• stand on your ears - keep in touch with the cockpit through the SPU
• sit on a tube - to direct flights
• sit on the "nipple" - use the tips of the PRP on landing
• drive to Katya - to fly to Yekaterinburg (other geographical names: Minstrualnye Vody, Krasnodyr, Syphilisi (Tbilisi), Puddle (Atlantic Ocean - for example, “flights to Puddle”, ie to America), dome (North Pole), Lax - flight to Los Angeles)
• again the trizor fled - the border has come
• "N hours, M minutes - wheels in the air" - the most strict indication of the start time of any action - for example, a spill or an alarm arrival
• "I bought my son a cap with a large visor" - do not let my son into the flight school (visor - so that he does not see the sky)

Names of various aircraft

• Aircraft manufactured by Airbus - watermelon
• Boeing aircraft - bobby
• Boeing 737 - small Boeing
• Boeing 747 - humpback, silver carp
• Boeing 777 - three axes
• An-12 - barn, livestock truck, phantomas
• An-2 - antoshka (anton), annushka, barn, cockroach
• An-24 - phantomas, snag, shard, vibration stand
• An-26 - dump truck, barge
• An-72, An-74 - Cheburashka, cheburator (Gazprom's An-74 - lighter)
• An-8 - alcohol carrier
• An-225 "Mriya" - centipede
• Il-2, Il-10 (Ilyushin attack aircraft) - humpbacked
• Il-114 and Il-18 - sawmills
• I-16 - donkey
• IL-18 - shagmat, junkers
• IL-62 - log
• IL-76 - humpback
• IL-76MF - tuning
• Il-86, Il-96 - loaf, eggplant
• Ka-26 - porridge, turd, ivanushka-fool (wherever it blows, it will fly there)
• Mi-1 - double toilet
• Mi-6, Mi-26 - cow
• Mi-6 - locomotive nuts, bear
• Mi-24 - crocodile, striped, file, drum
• Mi-26 - brick with a bow
• Mi-8 - beautiful Vasilisa
• Mikoyania - OKB im. Art. Yves. Mikoyan
• Mikoyan meat processing plant - it is (when mentioned in some unflattering context)
• Migar - a MiG aircraft
• MiGs 1-42 and 1-44 - ruble forty two, ruble forty four, respectively
• MiG-15 - a keg of beer
• UTI MiG-15 - duck
• MiG-21 - balalaika, funny
• MiG-23 - a little sportsman
• MiG-25 - deli
• MiG-25RB - cow
• MiG-27 - platypus
• meat - planes of the Myasishchev Design Bureau
• Sukhoi, drying - Sukhoi Design Bureau jet
• Mote - piston aircraft of the Sukhoi Design Bureau
• Su-47 - arms up (due to a significant forward sweep wing)
• Tupole is the design bureau itself, its representatives
• Tupolev, carcass, jerboa - any aircraft of the Tupolev Design Bureau
• Tu-134 - small carcass, tupolonok, whistle, fighter, teal, cigarette butt
• Tu-154 - ace, big carcass, tupole, fifty dollars, "Aurora" (because there are three engines), "steam locomotive"
• Yashka - Yakovlev Design Bureau (not aerobatic). Most often refers to ed. 40, 42, 18 / 18T, 12.
• Yak-40 - cigarette butt, three-pipe giant, goby
• Yak-42 - pregnant cockroach, barn, cigar, silver carp
• Yak-50 - fifty dollars
• "flying machine" - as some experts call aircraft
• banana - double LA
• concrete mixer, dance with sabers, pear with a bow, aerodynamic error, spinner, helicopter, lead-wheel apparatus, circular helicopter
• ABC book - a foreign aircraft operating with a registration number, for example, DAFGH
• wooden - low-speed aircraft, not equipped with a defendant
• oaks - landing parachutes, utekha - UT-15 parachute; forester - paratrooper who landed on a tree; summer resident - to the dachas
  
• spark - training (combat) aircraft with two cabins
• herringbone, oblique herringbone, drunken herringbone - the logo of the East Line Group
• Ibal aviation, Iba aviation - fighter-bomber (from the abbreviation IBA)
• brick - aircraft with low aerodynamic quality
• brick with a bow - a light helicopter from the point of view of a pure airplane
• smokehouse, fart, piece of iron - any motor aircraft (glider aircraft)
• wet aviation - hydroaviation
• cormorants - naval aviation (in terms of all other aviation)
• dives - submariners (from the point of view of anti-submarine aviation)
• drychepopa - an aircraft with a low-power power plant (less than 100 forces)
• pornolet - paragliding
• sheet, rag - hang glider
• mentokrylymusorshmidt - a traffic police helicopter or any aircraft of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
• shed - transport plane; columbine - large transport aircraft
• asterisk - BTA board
• whistle - jet aircraft, especially light
• mowing machine - propeller driven aircraft
• sawmill - a very buzzing propeller plane
• glass - fiberglass aircraft
• teshka - an aircraft in the "T" modification. Most often refers to the Yak-18T, then in decreasing order - Il-76T, Il-18T, An-24T
• fakers - aircraft brand "Fokker"
• sausage - wide-body liner (sausage - narrow-body)
• heron - Concorde
• real estate - decommissioned (dead) aircraft

Free decoding of abbreviations

• GVF (Civil Air Fleet) - Shit In A Cap
• DOSAAF - Voluntary Society Decommissioned from Aviation and Navy
• cadet - Colossal Universal Labor Force, Absolutely Not Willing to Work
• PTL (parachute PTL-72) - Dumb Pilot's Parachute
• PPiO-01 - Test and Error Device (cadet)
• CPAP - Shelter For Decommissioned Pilots
• AUVVSM - Automatic Leveling Height Indicator Heavily Swearing (installed at the workplace of the instructor pilot)
• KGSH (tarpaulin head of the navigator) - a portfolio for maps, collections
• landing net - Soviet Aviation Man of Special Quality
• Masandra - Mikoyan Anastas Son of the Armenian People Gave Joy to Aviation

From the flight school

• bastards - cadet boots
• kupovka - cadet cap
• shpady - stripes
• oaks - ornament on the visor of the KVS
• rooks, kursuli - cadets of the aviation school
• wonderful pepper - a young graduate of the flight school
• long-distance drive - toilet in the school
• go to drive - go take a pee
• bread card - help VLEK
• Kaluga - KALTU
• wrinkle is a severe penalty
• instructor to the cadet: "You have a Tu-2S on the subject!" (Learned tightly, Two, Sit down). In general, the plane was like that, designed by Tupolev.
• to support the pants - to prevent an interruption in the types of flight training
• yellow leaf - a grandiose group regimental "trip to nature" on the occasion of the end of flights with cadets in September - October
• shalopaevka - SHVLP (school of higher flight training)

Aviation principles

• Do not leave braking at the end of the lane, plaque at the end of the month, love at old age. ( Option: What's behind is not a strip!)
• The word "last" in aviation is used only in relation to a person who is no longer alive, or who is finally written off to the ground, or in relation to an aircraft that will never take off. In other cases, they are replaced with equivalents: "extreme", "final", "final".
• If the question is - to fly or not to fly, then the decision must be made unequivocally: not to fly.
• At aviation chemical works, the pilot can be hindered by three "Ps": booze, girlfriend and weather.
• ... was sent as far as possible only at the airfield.
• ass in oil, nose in grease, but at Aeroflot it's about technicians

Aviation Toast

• For the number of take-offs to coincide with the number of landings!
• The pilot is walking along the airfield, holding a glass of vodka in his hand. He walks past an airplane with a technician busy. He stopped, looked for a long time, then asked: "Hey, man. What are you doing?" Technician: Flaps. Pilot (raising his glass): "Oh !!! For the wings!" (drinks in one gulp).
• One day a shepherd was tending a herd of sheep high in the mountains. Suddenly a large eagle swooped down, grabbed the fattest ram and carried it into the mountains. The shepherd raised his gun, fired ... The eagle fell, and the ram flew further. So let's drink to the rams not to fly and the eagles to not fall!
• For those who are like a bird in the sky,
  For those who fall from heaven while dying,
  For those to whom the beloved dreams at night,
  For those who serve in the Air Force!
  
• For the political vigilance of the flight crew!
• Not for accursed drunkenness, but only for fun!
• For the moose: for the moose to eat, to sleep, for the spruce, to be loved - for the moose!
• So that we have everything and that we have nothing for it!
• So that the tables are full of food, and the beds - with pleasure!
• Better late than not to the bottom!
• For any mood to be shared with!

PDS Airport transcript

Airport name:. The airport is located in the country: Mexico (Mexico)... The city location of the airport. Piedras Negras... IATA code of Piedras Negras airport: PDS... The IATA Airport Code is a three-letter unique identifier assigned to airports in the world by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). ICAO (ICAO) airport code Piedras Negras: MMPG... The ICAO airport code is a four-letter unique identifier assigned to airports in the world by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

The geographic coordinates of the airport Piedras Negras.

The latitude at which the airport is located: 28.630000000000, in turn, the longitude of the airport corresponds to: -100.540000000000. The geographical coordinates of latitude and longitude determine the position of the airport on the earth's surface. To fully determine the position of the airport in three-dimensional space, you also need a third coordinate - the height. The airport's height above sea level is 275 meters. The airport is located in the time zone: +6.0 GMT. Airplane tickets always indicate the local time of departure and arrival of the airport according to time zones.

That is, it happens that people who are far from aviation, but who are interested in it, do not always understand what certain letter abbreviations mean in aviation or near-aviation texts.

Perhaps, it is for such people, first of all, this, trial, in fact, article, although not only ...

In fact, abbreviations (abbreviations) are indispensable. They help to significantly reduce the physical volume of documentation without detracting from its semantic meaning. In addition, many of aviation abbreviations long and firmly entered the colloquial slang of aviators, so that without them it somehow even becomes uncomfortable :-).

This, by the way, (in my opinion!) Contains one of their important features. Like any specific terms of the professional language (or just words from it), they support a certain, special climate in communication, for many, moreover, bringing back pleasant memories of an interesting past life. For me, this is exactly the case, and I also proceeded from this, making up today's rather short list. That is, it's not just a matter of wanting to broaden your horizons.

For example, even the well-known aviation abbreviation"Runway" in some way in itself implies a powerful jet plane, rapidly scattering along a wide concrete belt and already ready to soar into the sky ... In the same way, many other terms used in established abbreviations evoke well-known images that form an idea of ​​the whole aviation complex ...

However, it should be noted that what is written today is unlikely to become a reference material for professionals. Theme aviation abbreviation in fact, it is very wide and at the same time, unfortunately, quite dry. It is absolutely not my goal to illuminate it completely. This is as impossible as it is, I think, unnecessary for the site. And in order not to get away from the pleasant at all, I will try, at least a little, where I can, to soften the tedious enumeration with comments, bearing in mind the "instructive and memorable" nature of today's article.

Many of the above aviation abbreviations were used in Soviet times. It is likely that some (if not many) of them are out of date. But they will definitely be mentioned in view of their intensive and well-deserved use in the past. Many continue to be applied to this day.

All of them are in Russian and will relate primarily to military aviation (as closer to me), although the civilian sphere will also be affected, especially since they are quite close.

In case of a successful (in my understanding) start, it will be possible to continue the list, and then, apparently, it will be necessary to turn to aviation abbreviations in English (including), although it will be much more difficult to "refine" them :-).

When I talk about a good start, I certainly have one more thing in mind. Of course, I myself do not know all the existing and existing aviation abbreviations without exception, the new rules for their use, and probably I can not find everything, but I can simply forget something.

Therefore, in the article additions are accepted and (if necessary) amendments. All of them, after some verification, will be added with a note "from the reader" and, possibly, comments. This will make the general list more complete and interesting, and organize it more correctly.

So the article is open for additions. And now let's start listing….

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Airfields, airfield facilities, equipment, subdivisions.

A / d - airfield. Everything is clear here. This is a defined area of ​​land (or water surface if seaplanes are used) that provides the ability to accommodate, maintain, take off, land and taxi aircraft. This assumes the presence of the necessary equipment, air (or water) space.

A / p - airport. The concept is broader than an airfield, it can even be a large air hub. An airport usually includes more facilities (different terminals, passenger and cargo) and performs more functions (for example, air traffic control - ATC). The airfield is usually part of the airport.

WFP - everything is clear here and I am not even writing a definition on purpose. Runway strip. It can be of various sizes, both in length and in width, both unpaved (GWPP) and with various artificial turf (RWP), most often concrete.

RD - taxiway. It is along this path that the aircraft taxi (or taxi) to the runway for take-off or from it to a parking lot for various purposes. Taxiways are also laid in the aerodrome zones, where aircraft parking areas are located when they are dispersed over the airfield territory, various technical structures and hangars, and connects them to each other.

RP - the so-called taxiway... It is more typical for civil airfields and is part of the apron. The space between aircraft stands (rows of stands), along which aircraft move. It is usually limited to markings on concrete pavement and lighting equipment.

MRD - main taxiway. Parallel to the runway and is the shortest distance from one end of the runway to the other. It was at the MRD of the Bidri airfield that the Tu-154 took off in the film "Crew", fleeing the mudflow. In theory, this is possible. For almost anyone like :-) ...

TsZT (TsZ) - Centralized refueling (refueling) fuel. The abbreviation is most often used for military airfields, and at the same time its semantic meaning has changed somewhat.

The aircraft can be refueled both from a mobile tanker (TZ), and from stationary centralized filling system... Such a system is a rather complex network of underground fuel lines (with aggregates) laid from the fuel and lubricants (fuel and lubricants) warehouse to the aircraft parking lot, where refueling takes place.

For this, in the parking lot, either special hatches in concrete cover (civilian airports), or the so-called filling dispensers(military airfields) installed on concrete.

The hatch or dispenser usually contains a means of direct refueling - a hose with a special device for connecting to the fuel filler neck on an aircraft (sometimes this device is called a "suction cup", although in reality it does not stick to anything) and a hose with a fuel nozzle for aircraft with simplified fuel systems, as well as a displacement counter, filters, etc.

Su-24M aircraft at TsZT. Board 02 is preparing for a second departure, board 03 is in the process of taxiing to the runway.

Centralized refueling systems are not available at all aerodromes; moreover, they can be used in parallel with automobile technical specifications and not even be used at all, despite their presence. The reasons for this are various, and all of them are more relevant for civil airfields.

At military airfields, the available serviceable CPT systems are always used, since they are an important link in the implementation of scheduled training flights of aviation units. In this process, the aforementioned change in the semantic meaning of the CGT takes place.

Centralized filling of the Su-24M at the TsZT. 1 - attached "suction cup", 2 - refueling control box. The technical staff performs other works in parallel.

Warplanes (strategists not always) are usually dispersed throughout the airfield. To carry out scheduled flights, they are towed to a special place, where they line up in a line, each in its own parking place for the duration of the flight. If the aerodrome has a centralized refueling system, then each place is equipped with a refueling station. Often, there is also a centralized ground power supply system for aircraft.

Thus, with the help of these systems, maintenance of aviation equipment is carried out, which is quite convenient for an organized and well-coordinated flight. And the aviation abbreviation CZT (CZ) itself is no longer applied to the refueling system, but to the entire parking area of ​​aircraft during flights. So they say: "The plane is at the TsZT"... That is, this is the place where the planes line up during flights, while the central locking system itself may not exist.

ZHBU (or ZU) - protective shelters or reinforced concrete shelters, also called arched because of their design. This is the military sphere, of course. Special shelters for aircraft, to some extent protecting them from the damaging factors of the explosion of a certain type of ammunition.

Taxiing Su24M out of reinforced concrete (possibly imitation).

Su-24M in reinforced concrete.

They were built in Soviet times for aircraft of fighter, fighter-bomber and bomber (front) aviation. Many are still used in one way or another. They were made of concrete semi-arches with earthen backfill and sliding entrance doors.

A taxiway is suitable for each RCS for the possibility of starting the engines and taxiing the aircraft directly from the parking lot, from the RCS. The shelters were equipped with power supplies, and some (especially advanced in the PribVO) were even equipped with a central heating system.

KDP - command and control center. A stationary room with good visibility. It accommodates air traffic controllers or a flight management group - FGP (more for the military sphere) that carry out centralized flight control in their area of ​​responsibility. In civil aviation, the KDP is often called "Tower", because it is usually located in a tall glazed building with a good view.

"Tower" at the airport in Deauville (France).

Typical control room of an old military airfield.

Approximate composition of the PIU: RP - flight director. PRP - Assistant Flight Director. RBZ - head of the near zone. RDZ - head of the far zone. RZP - head of the landing zone.

KP - command post. KP and KDP can be located in the same building, but perform different tasks. The control room is intended for flight management. The command post solves the tasks of combat control and guidance, this is especially clearly seen in the structure of air defense regiments. At the command post, as a rule, there are BP (combat posts) of the OD (operational duty officer) and OBUiN (combat control and guidance officer), the duty forecaster and (or) a meteorological observer. The command post is equipped with vertical air condition display tablets (VPOVO) on which the planners and a complex of combat control systems (KSBU) work. The command post of the division and above additionally includes the RIC - an intelligence and information center that solves the tasks of monitoring the use of airspace, and the CUA - an aviation control center that solves the tasks of ensuring flights and flights in the zone of responsibility of the formation (formation).

In military aviation (helicopter, fighter, assault), on unpaved and auxiliary airfields, as well as on airfields of light aircraft, the term UPC is also used - the starting command post, also used to direct flights.

The UPC is located, as a rule, in the area of ​​the predominant executive start (landing zone) at a lateral distance from the runway axis - 120-180m and from the runway end - 200-450m. The parking of the duty unit (DZ) can be equipped next to the UPC.

They are called both stationary premises (small stationary houses closer to the ends of the runway) and mobile ones, which are specially equipped on the chassis of a car (ZIL-164, for example, SKP-9/11). Mobile UPCs, as well as stationary ones, have all the necessary equipment for autonomous operation and flight control and places for members of the PIU.

Stationary SKP (Chkalovsky airfield).

Movable SKP (SKP-9).

At some airfields there were also ZSKP (or ZKP) - protected KDP in case of warfare.

KPI - the command post of the engineer. Control center and organization of maintenance of aviation equipment during scheduled and unscheduled flights. It is usually located in a stationary building in the area (opposite) of the CZT, as an aircraft parking area during flights. Equipped with the necessary means of communication with the ITS (engineering and technical staff) and the flight director (FOC).

On the engineer's command post during flights. The CZT is visible through the glass.

TECh (ap) - technical and operational part (aviation regiment). A kind of separate mini-enterprise in the shelf. Here work is carried out on aviation equipment, which is difficult or impossible to perform while parked in aviation squadrons. Typically, these are voluminous work on the periodic maintenance of equipment, replacement of engines and units, repair work, etc.

The TEC has a special hangar with closing gates (in different shelves of various designs) to accommodate the aircraft on which the work is being carried out, a hangar parking and a platform for testing engines. All these structures are interconnected by transport roads (analogs of the taxiway) for the passage of cars and towing aircraft.

Hangar TECh. AB Hotilovo.

In the hangar of the TECH. Hotilovo airfield.

TECH specialists are divided into specialized groups performing routine maintenance and repair work, each in its own area. Usually it is: a group RS- aircraft regulations (airframe and its systems), RD group - engine regulations (diagnostics, repair and replacement of engines; previously called DRAAD group - diagnostics, repair and analysis of aircraft engines), AO group - aviation equipment, REO group - radio electronic equipment, group AB - aircraft armament, SAPS group - aircraft emergency escape means, SMG group - mechanic group.

Plus, in specialized units (for example, reconnaissance regiments) there may be specialized groups (for example, FD - photographic equipment, RER - electronic reconnaissance).

PPPR is the position of preliminary preparation of missiles, the patrimony of AV (aviation weapons) specialists. Here, the work on missile armament stipulated by the regulations is carried out.

The nuclear submarine is an aviation field laboratory. A place for work on special electronic equipment (usually for weapons). It does not take place in all aviation regiments.

PP - there is still such a thing as landing site... This definition is by rank below the aerodrome and represents a site (land, water, ice) prepared for take-off and landing of aircraft (AC), and more specifically helicopters (VP ​​- helipad) and aircraft (usually with a take-off weight of up to 10 tons).

PP are used on MVL (local air lines) or during special work. Certain requirements are imposed on such PPs in accordance with FAP-69 (Federal Aviation Rules, Requirements for landing sites located on a plot of land or water area).

Aviation abbreviations referring to ground navigation equipment in the terminal area.

OSB - landing system equipment. Landing is, perhaps, the most important stage of the flight, therefore, in one or another set, such a system is present at many aerodromes, with the exception of those that involve an exclusively visual landing approach.

Usually includes radio navigation and lighting equipment. A typical OSB scheme with radio beacons was used at all Soviet airfields, both military and civil.

RSBN - short-range radio-technical navigation system. Provides continuous measurement of the range and azimuth of the location of the aircraft relative to ground radio beacons and indication of these data on board. For work, it assumes the presence of not only ground equipment components, but also an onboard one.

An analogue of RSBN abroad is the VOR / DME system, which is used, however, mainly for civil airfields. In Russia, it is currently also used in the civilian sphere, and RSBN is used at military airfields.

The above ground radio beacons are KRM and GRM. KRM is a localizer beacon that helps to determine the position of the aircraft relative to the correct course. Accordingly, the timing belt is a glide path beacon showing the same with respect to the correct glide path. Together, these beacons are called PRMG - Landing Beacon Group.

Glide path beacon (GRM), Hanover airport.

RSP - radar landing system. It usually includes dispatching and landing locators, which provide data for hydraulic fracturing at the control room.

DRLG - long-range radar group. This is a radar group that issues information for air traffic management in the far field.

DPRM and BPRM. The OSB necessarily includes the long-range and near-range locating radio beacons. They are located in pairs on each landing course, that is, at both ends of the runway. DPRM at a distance of about 4000 m from the end of the strip, BPRM - about 1000 m. They are often called simplistically: "long-range and short-range drive".

Long-range locating radio beacon - DPRM.

They are designed to drive the aircraft to the airfield area and maintain the aircraft course with the required accuracy during the landing approach. It is assumed that for this the aircraft should be equipped with an automatic radio compass - ARK.

The equipment of DPRM and BPRM includes MRM - marker radio beacon. As a result of its operation, when the aircraft passes DPRM and BPRM in the cockpit of the aircraft (not all models), a sound signal is heard, at which the height is usually controlled: above the DPRM - 200 m, BPRM - 60 m.If there is no MRM in the equipment, then DPRM I BPRM are called simply radio stations - DPRS and BPRS.

There is also an OPRS - a separate drive radio station. It can also be used for an approach. Installed near small airfields and settlements.

As an addition ...

RSDN is a long-range radio-technical system. This system is not related to the airfield, but I will add it here as related to navigation. Allows you to determine the location of the aircraft by receiving and processing it by onboard equipment of special radio signals emitted by ground radio technical stations.

There are several types of such systems, both Soviet (Russian) and foreign. For example, the RSDN-20 system (Phase radio navigation system "Alpha"), which has a range of up to 10 thousand km, operates on the basis of determining the phase difference of three different radio signals from three powerful radio stations (Novosibirsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Krasnodar Territory).

One more thing about navigation ...

ATC - Air Traffic Control. Now the term ATS is more often used - air traffic management (in Russia there is a unified air traffic management system - EU ATS). Ensures the conduct and safety of flights in the airspace (divided into zones) by exchanging information between dispatchers and aircraft crews using communication facilities, computers and air navigation.

VFR - visual flight rules. OPVP - Special Visual Flight Rules. IFR - Instrument Flight Rules.

Radio navigation map of Moscow airspace (can be enlarged).

RNA - radio navigation chart. One of the most important aeronautical information documents. Updated on the basis of data from CAI GA - civil aviation aeronautical information center.

KTA - airfield control point. Determines the geographic location of the aerodrome and is located at the center of the runway.

PPM - turning point of the route. PPMs divide the route into sections. There is also NPM - the starting point of the route and KPM - the final point of the route.

The route is also called BT - air route. MVL - local air lines. PPM is usually KTA, DPRM, ODS, beacons of the RSBN system.

FAPP - Federal Aviation Rules for Flights in the airspace of the Russian Federation.

FPIVP - Federal rules for the use of the airspace of the Russian Federation.

Abbreviations for the names of structural military aviation units (USSR and Russia)

Aviation types:

AA - army aviation (in other words, aviation of the ground forces; represented mainly by helicopters for various purposes, as well as UAVs - unmanned aerial vehicles).

FA - front-line aviation. VTA - military transport aviation.

YES - long-range (strategic) aviation. Earlier, from 1942 to 1946, it was called ADD - long-range aviation.

Aviation:

IA - fighter aircraft; BA - bomber aviation (FBA - front-line bomber);

TA - transport aviation; SHA - assault aviation; RA - reconnaissance aircraft (including UAV - unmanned aircraft); IBA - fighter-bomber aviation, ASN - special aviation.

The IBA as part of the current Russian Aerospace Forces (military space forces) is not clearly distinguished, since in fact there are no fighter-bombers, which were previously the Su-17M / 2/3/4 and MiG-27. Now there is only the Su-34, which is sometimes called a front-line bomber, then a fighter-bomber ...

Aviation units of different states can be called differently and have different quantitative and qualitative composition. It is difficult and impractical to enumerate everything, so there will be only those concerning our aviation (at least for now) ...

a / e - aviation squadron. It consists of an average of 12 (sometimes up to 15) aircraft of the same type (including there may be twin aircraft, that is, aircraft with dual control). It is divided into links - three links in a squadron.

a / p - aviation regiment. It usually consists of three squadrons, although separate regiments may be two-squadron.

a / d - aviation division. It can include from 2 to 6 a / p.

AK - Aviation Corps (for the USSR Air Force). It includes several aviation units of one or different types of aviation.

VA - air army (existed in the USSR Air Force). These are the so-called large operational formations within the Air Force. I once served in the 164th OGRAP (separate guards reconnaissance aviation regiment), which was part of the 4th VKA VGK ON - 4th Air Red Banner Army of the Supreme High Command of Operational Purpose, located in the SGV (Northern Group of Forces), that is in Poland - the Polish People's Republic (Brzeg). Since August 2015, the former 4th Air Command of the Supreme Command has been called the 4th Army of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Southern Military District.

AB - air base. Usually it is an airfield, on which several different aviation and support units are based with the necessary infrastructure. In fact, the airbases began to be used on a relatively large scale only in the Russian Air Force (VKS). In the USSR Air Force, they did not seem to exist, although there were several formations similar in structure (mainly abroad).

The names of the above subdivisions can have longer abbreviations that carry a greater semantic load by adding letters. They are easy to decipher. The specialization of a unit is indicated by a letter taken from the name of the type of aviation: "i" - fighter, "r" - reconnaissance, "b" - bomber, etc. The additional letter "o" means "separate", the letter "g" - guards, the letter "c" - special, etc.

As a result, it turns out, for example, like this: ShAP - an assault aviation regiment, bap - a bomber aviation regiment, OGRAP - a separate guards reconnaissance aviation regiment, GIAP - a guards fighter aviation regiment, OAEIB - a separate aviation squadron of fighter-bombers, etc.

There are quite a few such abbreviations. It is interesting that if all these abbreviations are used in conversation, then sometimes it can sound peculiar and even funny. On this topic in my time (army) we even had a joke. I'm not sure if it is true, but I will give it here.

An officer enters the special library and tells the librarian literally the following: “ I need a manual for fighting women at night.»

A woman with round eyes asks: "Who are you?" The answer rounds her eyes even more: “ I am an ibashnik from kuos."Both phrases sound intriguing, besides, in the second word, instead of the first letter" and "for the Russian ear, another letter is asked :-).

In fact, everything is quite simple. The combat operations of the BAP (Bomber Aviation Regiment) is a real subject of military aviation science. Ibashnik - pilot of fighter-bomber aviation (IBA), KUOS - advanced training courses for officers. Such courses have always existed in the SA (Soviet Army) in various branches of the armed forces….

Another very important ground aviation unit.

OBATO is a separate battalion of airfield technical support. Formation that provides the technical side of the flying aviation unit. Its functions include a lot, from the condition of the concrete pavement and the organization of the supply of fuels and lubricants (fuels and lubricants) to the organization of food, the supply of uniforms and equipment, etc. There may be smaller units of this type, for example, ORAATO - a separate company for aerodrome technical support (ATO). The aforementioned DHT system is run by OBATO.

Airfield special vehicles.

Among the fairly well-known anti-terrorist operation means are also special vehicles, which are often called, especially in conversation, using abbreviations placed in their factory name.

Many of the domestic ATO vehicles were developed and used back in Soviet times. However, even now (new or after overhaul), many of them successfully perform the functions assigned to them, especially in the Russian Aerospace Forces.

Aerodrome launching (mobile) unit - APA.

APA supplies electricity to two Su-24M (Latakia).

APA is an aerodrome launching (sometimes they say mobile, mobile) unit. Provides aircraft with various types of power supply. Usually mounted on the base of the vehicle and powered by its engine. There are different models depending on the required parameters. One of the well-known models is APA-5D.

Socket SHRAP-500, located on the APA.

To connect a ground power source on an aircraft (AC), there are aerodrome power plug connectors - SHRAP (plugs hidden behind the flush-mounted casing), also of various types. On the APA, respectively, "sockets". For example, on a Su-24M / MR aircraft for DC power supply - SHRAP-500K, AC - SHRAP -400.

In civil aviation, various mobile launchers and ground power units (often in the form of special trailers) of foreign production are used. Abbreviations they are most often uncharacteristic ...

ТЗ - fuel tanker (mobile). In the USSR, the TZ-7.5 and TZ-22 were the most common, and the TZ-60 was also used for refueling heavy aircraft. The figure is the volume of transported fuel in liters. At present, refuellers produced by various companies, both foreign and CIS countries, are used.

Tanker TZ-22 at TsZT during flights.

At the same time, abbreviations for domestically produced cars do not change much, foreign ones, of course, have a different look, although sometimes they also come from phrases such as "airfield or aviation (airplane) refueler".

For example, refuellers of the Russian company "TrustAvia" are called TZA - aerodrome refueler (TZA -10, 20,25,45). Fuel tankers, for example, of the English company Fluid Transfer International, are called AR (aircraft refueling - AR R 15000L or AR S 50000L).

Tanker TZA - 20.

Tanker TZA-10.

Other ATO vehicles with characteristic abbreviations are oil refuelers - MZ and refuellers with special fluids - ZSZh. In my memory, in conversation, the oil tanker, as well as the ZSZ, was simply called "oil can", although we practically did not see the oil tanker. For all the needs, the HGS was quite enough, since the oil consumption of the WFD (air-jet engines) is low, even if it is completely replaced.

Typical "oiler" - MZ-66 and ZSZh-66 (both on the chassis of the Gaz-66 car). One, by the way, of the widespread specialty liquids is AMG-10 oil (hydraulic aviation oil, in common parlance “hydrashka”).

Special vehicle ZSZh-66.

Modern units of this type of domestic production (especially in civil aviation) bear a similar name. For example, an AZM and SZh vehicle (A - airfield) based on the Gaz-3310 Valdai (or on an imported chassis). Foreign cars most often have uncharacteristic names in their names. abbreviations.

Modern special vehicle AZM and SZh.

Another group of special vehicles is gas refuelers (mobile). The main gases for aircraft systems are air, oxygen and nitrogen. Accordingly, gas refuellers, or rather their examples: air refueller VZ-20 (in common parlance "air"), oxygen refueling station AKZS-75M-131-P ("oxygen") - airfield (automobile) oxygen refueling station.

Air tanker VZ-20-350.

Special car UGZS (in the role of oxygen tanker).

"Azotka" was usually a UGZS-M - a universal gas filling station on the chassis of a ZIL-433422 car, or another car, for example, Ural. Such a station is universal and can be used for air and oxygen. Gas is contained in her cylinders, as, indeed, in the rest of the above machines.

Transport tank for liquefied gas (oxygen, nitrogen) TRZhK.

In addition, special reservoirs TRZhK were used - a transport reservoir of liquid oxygen (or nitrogen). Such tanks were usually located in the back of a truck. In turn, oxygen or nitrogen could be extracted from the air at a special mobile station AKDS-70M - an airfield oxygen-producing station.

UPG-300 - installation for checking hydraulic systems (mobile) or universal mobile hydraulic installation. It was originally located on the ZIL-131 chassis, and later on other cars. Designed to test the operation of aircraft hydraulic systems without starting the engines.

Machine for testing hydraulic systems UPG-300.

There are also interconnected power plants. An example of this is EGU-50 / 210-131 (A0001) - an electrohydraulic installation on the ZIL-131 chassis. It combines the functions of UPG and APA.

Heaters and air conditioners. AMK-24 / 56-131. Airfield multipurpose air conditioner on the chassis of the ZIL-131 vehicle.

Airfield air conditioner AMK-24.

Designed to supply air of the required temperature (both decrease and increase) into the compartments and cockpits of the aircraft, as well as to create comfortable conditions for the crew during their duty in the cockpit in special suits (usually these are VKK - high-altitude-compensating suits and VK - ventilated suits )).

Universal motor heater UMP-350.

UMP-350-131, a universal motor heater, is used to heat the air in the cabins and compartments and warm up the engines before starting. A very useful thing in the conditions of Russian winters. Nowadays, similar units of late production, both Russian and foreign, are also used. An example is the Airfield Air Conditioners of the Russian JSC Zaslon (based on KAMAZ and IVECO) AK-1,0-30-1-1 with a clear abbreviation.

At airfields, so-called "wind blowers" or more correctly called heat engines - TM (TM-59, for example) are also used. They are used to remove debris, ice and snow from the concrete surface using a jet engine jet installed on a special cradle on the power frame of the vehicle. When I was in the army, we had a similar apparatus made in a semi-handicraft way using an old VK-1 engine.

Aerodrome air conditioner AK-1,0-30-1-1.

Thermal engine TM-59 on the deck of the cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov".

Airfield heat engine (TM).

Special vehicle KPM-130.

And of course the good old capemka. The KPM-130 machine is a watering machine based on the ZIL-130 (later other cars). There was (and is) at almost every military (and not only) airfield. She cleaned road surfaces both at the airport and beyond ...

In aviation, especially civil aviation, many other special anti-terrorist operation machines were and are being used. Some of them (domestic) have a name with a fairly understandable abbreviation... For example…

SPO-15M is a self-propelled service platform (based on a URAL-375D vehicle). It is used for servicing high-level units and aircraft surfaces (for example, T-shaped empennage). SPT - self-propelled passenger ladders for various aircraft (for example, SPT-154, SPT-114T). Water tankers: ZPVA-3.5 - aerodrome drinking water tanker (Trust-Avia, Russia). Toilet service cars (cleaning and filling toilets): AST-1.5 (Trust-Avia, Russia).

Self-propelled service platform SPO-15M.

Self-propelled passenger stairs SPT.

Toilet service car AST-1.5.

Water tanker ZPVA-3.5.

Special ATO vehicles of foreign manufacturers for various purposes (used most often in civil aviation) in their names in most cases do not have “convenient” semantic abbreviations that could easily be used in Russian ...

Some of the aircraft and its equipment (mixed).

Graduation of engines according to the design and the principle and features of the creation of thrust:

PD - piston engine, GTE - gas turbine engine, VRD - air-jet engine, turbojet engine - turbojet engine, turbojet engine - bypass turbojet engine, TRDDF - double-circuit turbojet engine with afterburner (FC), TVRD - turbofan - turbine jet engine, TVD , TVaD - turboshaft engine, TVVD - turboprop fan engine, ramjet - ramjet VRM, PuVRD - pulsating VRM.

Engine assemblies (as well as aircraft systems) can often have a characteristic abbreviation corresponding to the functions being performed. For example, the hydromechanical automation of the AL-21F-3 engine (Su-24M / M2 / MR aircraft) has two main units: NR-53D - stands for a pump-regulator and really pumps up fuel, while carrying out the functions of regulating the parameters of the engine; second unit - RSF-53B - nozzle and afterburner regulator- carries out precisely these specified regulatory functions.

The drive pumps of the aircraft hydraulic systems are mounted on the same engine. They are called NP-96 - plunger pump(operating principle). The drive of the alternator is also mounted here. It is called PGL-30ML - hydro-blade drive…. There are other similar abbreviations for the names of various units.

RD - rocket engine (but not in the abbreviation of the aviation KB brand). PD (not piston) can also be deciphered as "lift engine", such as the RD-36-35FVR on the Yak-38 aircraft.

APU of the Boeing-737 aircraft.

In this case, the Yak-38 is a VTOL aircraft, that is, a vertical take-off and landing aircraft.

APU - an auxiliary power unit (miniature gas turbine engine), autonomously providing the aircraft with energy in the parking lot (example - APU TA18-200-124, aircraft An-124-100), or directly helping to start the main engine by spinning it up (example - turbo starter TS-21 engine AL-21F-3).

OK - axial compressor in a turbojet engine. PPM is a centrifugal compressor in a turbojet engine. RL and NA - rotor blades and guide vanes - structural elements of an axial turbojet compressor. VNA - inlet guide vanes, the first stage of stationary (non-rotating) blades at the entrance to the OK turbojet engine. KS - turbojet engine combustion chamber. FKS - afterburner combustion chamber. РС - jet nozzle.

Jet fuel (domestic) - TS-1 (T-1) - sulfurous fuel (fuel); T-6 - heavy fuel (for supersonic high-altitude fighters of the MiG-25 type), RT - jet fuel (universal).

For aircraft with propeller driven propeller: BB - aircraft propeller, HB - helicopter main rotor, PB - helicopter tail rotor (located at the end of the tail boom).

Aircraft equipment and systems abbreviations ...

Ejection seat K-36DM. refers to SAPS.

SD - aircraft engine. AO - aviation equipment, KO - oxygen equipment, AB - aircraft weapons, REO - radio-electronic equipment (avionics - on-board REO).

For reconnaissance aviation: FD - photographic equipment (reconnaissance aircraft), RER - electronic reconnaissance equipment, (C) RTR - electronic reconnaissance equipment (station), ALR - laser reconnaissance equipment. AIK - thermal reconnaissance equipment (infrared). RLSBO - side-looking radar (Su-24MR aircraft - Bayonet station).

SAPS - means of aircraft emergency escape (ejection seat and its systems).

LDPE - air pressure receiver, SPU - aircraft intercom. Serves for communication of crew members with each other and with ground specialists (aircraft technician), software - single-phase current converter, PT (units in the power supply system of aircraft systems).

Air pressure receiver (APS).

RUD - engine control knob. РУС - aircraft control stick. AB is the attitude indicator. ARK - automatic radio compass. RV - radio altimeter. AUASP - automatic angle of attack and overload signaling. A system (as part of the aerobatic complex) designed to measure and indicate angles of attack (also critical) and vertical overloads. Warns the crew by activating the alarm about going to corners close to critical, in order to exclude the possibility of a stall.

ANO (BANO) - aeronautical lights (onboard). ASP is an aviation rifle scope. TP - brake parachute. ABSU is an automatic on-board control system. It consists of various units and subsystems and is present on almost all modern aircraft (civil and military). ACS - automatic control system (can be part of the ABSU). NPP - navigation and flight instrument (may be called PNP), checkpoint - flight command device (may be called PKP). AP - autopilot.

Su-24M cockpit. Crew commander's seat. Ore and RUS.

STU - trajectory control system (checkpoint and NPP are just in its composition; may be part of the ABSU). AT - autothrottle, automatically adjusts the speed within small limits to stabilize the speed without changing the pitch, and also works with automatic go-around - takeoff mode (can be part of the ABSU).

Some instruments in the cockpit (left seat) in abbreviations. 12 - indicator of angles of attack and vertical overloads (similar ones are used in AUASP).

PNS (K) - sighting and navigation system (complex) - for attack aircraft. NK - navigation complex (for aircraft with removed or minimal weapons, such as the Su-24MR - reconnaissance aircraft).

For example, a Su-24M aircraft is equipped with a PNS-24M "Tiger". It includes some units and systems with characteristic aviation abbreviations:

RPO - forward-looking radar "Orion-A". RPS - collision warning radar (with ground obstacles) "Relief", DISS-7 - Doppler speed and drift angle meter, RV - radio altimeters of low and high altitudes, MIS-P - small inertial system, air signal system SHS, Automatic control systems ACS aircraft, sighting and aerobatic sighting system with PPV indication system, on-board digital computer "Orbit-10", etc.

RPO, RPS and other elements of PNS-24M "Tiger".

Electronic warfare, electronic warfare equipment - electronic warfare, electronic countermeasures. BKO - airborne defense complex. For example, on the same Su-24M aircraft, the Karpaty BKO is installed. He warns the crew about the fact of irradiation of the aircraft by the radar of enemy fighters or its air defense systems (anti-aircraft missile systems), giving direction to this radar.

This is done specifically by SPO-15M "Bereza" - the radiation warning station, which is part of the BKO. It also warns about the launch of air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles and puts into operation active and passive jamming devices (automatic jamming device APP-50).

Regarding the pilot's flight equipment ...

ЗШ - hard-wearing helmet. KM - oxygen mask. For ZSh-3 - oxygen mask KM-32, for ZSh-5/7 - oxygen mask KM-34/35.

Altitude-compensating suit (VKK).

GSh - a pressure helmet. For high altitudes, usually comes with a VKK (3 or 6), equipped with a special headset and microphone. VKK - high-altitude compensating suit (for high altitudes, complete with ZSH or GSH)).

ZSH-5 + KM-34.

VK - ventilated suit or overalls (usually used for combat duty during hot times of the day). By the way, alert duty is a database. Depending on the degree of readiness at the OBD, the flight crew could be either in the flight house or in the cockpits of aircraft (most often fighters).

PPK - anti-G suit. To increase the resistance of the pilot's body to overloads - more than 3g; often PPK is made in the form of a belt and "pants" with special air chambers (PPK-3-120).

MSK - marine rescue suit (protection of the pilot from the effects of water during ejection over the water surface), VMSK - a combination of VKK and MSK (high-altitude marine rescue suit). At the same time, the set of the Navy also includes a refueling complex - a heat-protective suit and an ASP aviation rescue belt.

GSh included.

ORK. On the ejection seat (usually to the left at the level of the seat cup) there is an ORK - a combined communications connector. The communications of the pilot's outfit (oxygen equipment (mask), air conditioning system VK, VKK (VMSK), PPK and also SPU) are connected to it.

When ejected, the ORK is automatically disconnected from the aircraft system and switches the oxygen consumption to the parachute device.

VMSK-4 suit.

In low-speed aviation (including jet aviation), for example, on the MiG-15, Tu-16, Il-28 aircraft, pilots had leather helmets, such as the SHL-82 (flight helmet (or pilot's)). Former summer version of ShL-L-82

ShL-2 helmet with PO-1M flight goggles, KM-32 oxygen mask.

and winter (with fur) - ШЛ-З-82. The headset included laryngophones (or simply "laryngas" LA-5) and goggles, otherwise called flight PO - 1M. Plus, of course, as an element of equipment - the KM-32 oxygen mask. The crews of the Tu-95s still fly in helmets, although it seems that they are no longer always in leather ...

You can also add that the ZSH-3 protective helmet was equipped with an SHL-82 helmet. That is, the SL was first put on, and the ZS was worn on top. Subsequent models (ZSH-5, ZSH-7) no longer use the headset (laryngophones remained).

And if you remember even earlier times, then there were also non-radio-equipped helmets, that is, without an earpiece and laryngs. These were the so-called SHLL-83 - a summer pilot's (parachutist's) helmet and ShLZ-83 - a winter pilot's helmet.

PPK in practical application.

Anti-overload suit PPK-3-120.

Abbreviations formed on behalf of the designer (KB mark or project name).

The first, though well known to all, is the aircraft themselves. However, despite the fame, it does not hurt to mention this again for the sake of keeping the general order and building the article.

Su - Sukhoi P.O. / MiG - Mikoyan A.I. and Gurevich M.I. / Yak - Yakovlev A.S. / Tu - Tupolev A.N. (the first Tupolev aircraft were called ANT - Alexey Nikolaevich Tupolev) / An - Antonov O.K. / Il - Ilyushin S.V. / M - Myasishchev V.M. / Be - Beriev G.M / Ka - Kamov N.I. / Mi - Mil M.L. / La - Lavochkin S.A. / Pe - Petlyakov V.M. / Po - Polikarpov N.N. (unfortunately only one aircraft, Po-2, bore this name) / LAGG - S.A. Lavochkin, V.P. Gorbunov, M.I.

As for the Po brand, in fact, there is only one aircraft of the remarkable designer N.N. Polikarpov. bears his name - Po-2 (and that did not happen immediately, only from 1944, before that it was called U-2). All his aircraft were named according to the generally accepted order in the pre-war time - the purpose of the aircraft.

Because of this, many aircraft created before World War II had characteristic abbreviations, not related to the name of the KB (the name of the chief designer). That is: U - training, UT - training, I - fighter, R - reconnaissance, B - bomber, TB - heavy bomber, SB - high-speed bomber, DB - long-range bomber.

Aircraft engines ...

Here is the same picture. Part of the engines had characteristic abbreviations, some did not (they simply had the letter "M" - motor, or R / RD / D / TV / TVD, etc.). Examples of engines that received the names of their design bureaus:

Piston engines: ASh-82/62/21/73 engine - A.D. Shvetsov; VK-105/107/108 engine (Yak-3, Pe-2 aircraft) - V.Ya. Klimov; AM-34/35/38/39/42 engine (Il attack aircraft, bombers, MiG-3) - A.A. Mikulin; ACh-30 - diesel engine - A.D. Charomsky; AI-14 engine (An-14, Yak-12, Yak-18A, PZL-104 Wilga) - A.G. Ivchenko (later transferred to another design bureau and with revision received the name M-14).

Gas turbine engines: engine AM-3 (Tu-16, Tu-104) - A.A. Mikulin; AI engine -20/25/24, etc. - A.G. Ivchenko; engine AL -7 (Su-7B, Tu-128), as well as AL -21F-3 (Su-24, Su-17), AL -31F (Su-27, Su-33, etc.), AL -41F (Su-35SM, PAK FA T-50) - A.M. Lyulka; engines with the designation NK - N.D. Kuznetsov (in this line, the world's most powerful theater of operations NK-12 (Tu-95 bomber) and turbojet engine (F) for passenger airliners (Tu-144, Tu-154, Il-62, Il -86, Il-96), strategic bombers Tu-22M3 and Tu-160, as well as the promising TVVD NK-93).

Along the way, because it was mentioned: PAK FA is a promising aviation complex of front-line aviation ...

Small arms ... Some examples:

Aircraft guns GSh-23 / 6-23 / 6-30 (installed on many modern aircraft of various types) - V.P. Gryazev and A.G. Shipunov; aircraft cannon NR -30 (Su-7B, Su-17M4, MiG-19S, MiG-21F) - A.E. Nudelman and Richter A.A .; aircraft gun N-37 (MiG-15) - A.E. Nudelman; aircraft cannon NS-23 (MiG-15) - A.E. Nudelman and Suranov A.S .; UB machine gun (I-15/16, Yak-1/3/9, Pe-2, Il-2, Tu-2, etc.) - universal Berezin - M.E. Berezin; ShVAK aviation cannon (La-5/7, I-16, I-153P, Yak-1, Yak-7B, etc.) - Shpitalny-Vladimirov Aviation Large-caliber; ShKAS - aircraft machine gun (I-16, I-153, Yak-1, LaGG-3, Yak-7, MiG-3, etc.) - Shpitalny B.G - Komaritsky I.A. Aviation rapid-fire.

Aircraft cannon GSh-6 23M.

On the characteristic abbreviations of some types of outboard weapons and equipment.

SPPU - removable mobile gun mount (example - SPPU-6, SPPU-22). This is a cannon (GSh-23 for SPPU-22 or GSh-6-23 for SPPU-6) mounted in a container that is suspended under certain suspension points on the aircraft. Operated by the pilot from the cockpit.

SPPU-22 on an aircraft of the Su-17M type (Su-22)

SPPU-6 (for the Su-24 / 24M aircraft).

It deviates in the vertical plane up to 90 ° and horizontally up to 45 ° - for SPPU-6 and in the vertical plane up to 30 ° - for SPPU-22. SPPU-6 is intended for use on the Su-24 / M aircraft; SPPU-22 - for MiG-27, Su-17 / M, Su-25 ...

Air bombs (AB):

FAB - high-explosive, OFAB - high-explosive fragmentation, BETAB - concrete-piercing, ZAB - incendiary, PTAB - anti-tank, OAB - fragmentation, ODAB - volume-detonating, SAB - luminous, FOTAB - photographic, OFZAB - fragmentation-high-explosive incendiary , RBK - single bomb cluster, ZB - incendiary tank, PLAB - anti-submarine AB, etc.

There are so-called intertype types of bombs, which can have the characteristics and characteristics of different types. Their names usually contain additional alphabetic and numeric designations.

High-explosive fragmentation bomb.

KAB-500 bombs on beam holders, su-34 bomber.

The numbers after the name indicate the mass of the bomb, letters - additional design or production features. The letter "Sh" means "assault" - has the ability to drop low-altitude without the danger of damage to the carrier (there is a brake parachute and deceleration of the detonation of the fuse). The letter "T" - heat-resistant - for high-speed, high-altitude aircraft such as MiG-25RB and MiG-31 (there is a real danger of kinetic heating when the aircraft is flying at supersonic speed).

Equipment…

AKU - aircraft ejection device, APU - aircraft launching device. They are installed on a pylon (wing, fuselage) or a beam holder (mounted on a pylon) and are intended for transportation and launch of missiles of a certain type from an aircraft. For example, AKU-58 - for Kh-58U missiles, APU-60 - for R-60 missiles, APU-68UM2 - for Kh-25ML missiles (Su-24M bomber).

Bomb on the BD and UR X-58U on the AKU-58.

Suspended equipment and weapons (Su-24M).

UR is a guided missile. KR - cruise missile. NAR (NURS) - unguided missiles (unguided missiles) - are of different types and calibers (S-5, S-8, S-13, S-24, etc.) and are usually equipped in special blocks, such as, for example , UB-16 and UB-32 (for S-5), B-8 (S-8), B-13 (C-13), etc.

Block UB-32-57 (S-5-57 missiles).

Helicopter unit B8V20A-S8 for NAR S-8.

Block B-13 and NAR S-13.

DB - beam holder. A special device mounted on pylons and designed for suspension, transportation and forced dropping by an aircraft, as well as, depending on the model, suspension and application of the NAR (NURS), APU, AKU, SPPU, etc. blocks.

A bomb on a beam holder (Su-24M).

Bombs on MBD and regular databases.

Dropping bombs from a multi-lock beam holder MBD3-U6 (Su-24M).

MBD - multi-lock beam holder (several bombs).

PTB - outboard fuel tank. The numbers added usually mean the capacity of the tank in liters.

Su-24M at TsZT during scheduled flights.

Before a combat mission. PTB-3000 in the foreground.

UPAZ is a universal suspended refueling unit. Suspended on a tanker aircraft (in particular, for example, IL-78 / 78M, or the Su-24M tanker), carries the necessary equipment and a hose with a cone for refueling in the air.

The UPAZ unit on the Il-78 tanker aircraft.

UPAZ on the plane-tanker Su-24M.

Separately. I don’t know yet in which heading to insert ...

NPP - flight operations manual. IAS - engineering and aviation service in the USSR Air Force (Russian Aerospace Forces). NIAS - manual for the aviation engineering service. NPP and NIAS are fundamental documents, each in his own field, written in blood, as our commanders liked to say.

ERTE is a unified procedure for the technical operation of an aircraft. Such a small booklet in pocket format, a kind of guide to carrying out routine maintenance on a specific type of aircraft in the USSR (Russian) Armed Forces. Usually named according to the name of a particular type of technology.

For example, for the Su-24MR aircraft, which had the name (in the design bureau) - T6MR, the regulation is called ERTE No. 6MR. Or it can also indicate a specific type of aircraft. Further, the number of the part according to the table of contents is indicated, corresponding to a specific type of equipment (SD, AO, REO, etc.) for which this ERTE is intended. For flight personnel, approximately the same role was assigned to instructions to the pilot (IL) for a specific type of aircraft.

Aircraft in civil aviation - aircraft - aircraft. Aircraft commander - PIC. In military aviation, if the flight crew is more than one person, then the senior is the ship commander (usually in VTA and DA).

VLK - medical flight commission. Not a favorite commission for flight crews, especially for older pilots.

ATU - emergency brake installation. More precisely, this is the ATU grid. Now such installations are little used at Russian airfields (if they are used at all, as far as I know :-)).

However, in the early stages of the development of jet aviation, when the takeoff and landing speeds of aircraft grew, more and more emergency circumstances arose when the aircraft could not extinguish the speed to an acceptable one within the runway on landing or in the event of a stop taking off. In order to avoid the danger of the plane rolling out of the runway, one of the solutions was the use of ATU.

This device is a large network of special design and made of special materials, which rises in the event of an obvious threat of the aircraft rolling out. The network simply "catches" the plane. It is stretched to dampen the speed according to the principle of a modern aerofinisher (for aircraft carriers).

Currently, there are production facilities where the APU can be made to order. For example, the Russian company "Spetsmash 1" (Kaliningrad - aerofinishers ATU2ML and capture systems 2ATU2ML) or the Finnish company A-Laskuvarjo.

The network of this enterprise (model UOTILA-24), after five years of operation, helped to save the Soviet MiG-29 fighter in August 1989 after an unsuccessful landing during an air show at Kuopio airport. The plane was then stopped on time, did not receive any damage, and the next day flew to the USSR.

MiG-29 after landing using ATU at Kuopio airport, 1989.

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Well, that's probably all for today about aviation abbreviations... Let's dwell on this for now. However, to be continued, I think. Until next time.

In conclusion, some photos that did not fit in the text….

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Beam holder MBD3-U.

Block B-13 and MBD.

Bombs On MBD3-U6.

The GSh-6-30 cannon on the MiG-27.

Crews of the MiG-31, dressed in the Navy.

ShL-83 winter helmet.

Helmet ШЛ-83 years old.

Flight goggles PO-1M

Laryngophones LA-5.

At the TsZT during the flights of the Su-24M.

Beam holder MBD3-U6 with bombs (Su-24M).

Protective helmet ZSH-7.

Oxygen mask KM-34.

Control panel and air cylinders VZ-20-350.

After all the personnel reshuffles, we had the following command and control staff: The ATB was headed by Ivan Frolovich Basan, I was appointed to the position of a senior engineer at ATB and was considered the first deputy head of the ATB, the technical control department was headed by Boris Nikolaevich Kuznetsov.

They settled us in a hotel, on the third floor, we were all accommodated in one office. It was convenient for the ATB chief, although he often went to ATB, but most of the time he resolved issues at the headquarters, the headquarters was also located in the hotel. Kuznetsov was generally extremely comfortable, he was the secretary of the party organization, in ATB, offended that he was not appointed a senior engineer, he did not go at all, at best, once a week, he came demonstratively in a white shirt, in this form on piston aircraft to do nothing, oil flows from the engine "from all holes." Frolich did not react to this in any way, he was afraid of the party committee. All the work was "burdened" on me.

It was very uncomfortable for me to work in the hotel. The hotel was located quite far from the ATB, I had to go back and forth twenty times a day, there were days when I did not appear at the headquarters at all. For the winter, I converted a trailer on the line into an office, made minor repairs there, and hung curtains. The technicians liked this room, they raised a storm and they put me back in the hotel, giving the vip trailer to the operational shift.

I did not know the material part of the AN-2 aircraft, I did not work on the section of labor-consuming regulations, but it should have been. From the first days he "hit" the operational management, replacing the work of the production and dispatch department. I must say that the production and dispatch department was organized a few months before my arrival in the Ural United Squadron, before there was no PDO, Boldyrev was involved in his work and no one, including Frolich, knew what he should do. When Boldyrev died tragically, everyone assumed that I would actively engage in work in a similar style, so it was in the first months, I ran around all ATB production sites twenty times a day, some technicians said that I was already running faster than Boldyrev, who has there was a nickname "Saiga". The dispatchers of the PDO were moved by my work, they continued to drink tea most of their working time. With all the questions they sent me to me, became insolent to the point that they often openly demanded information from me about the state of the material part, which I had to demand from them.

I was only from my student days, theoretically I represented the work of the PDO, gradually began to bring the work of the PDO to the requirements of the governing documents. Nobody liked it. Boldyrev knew everything, it was convenient for both the management and the idle dispatch staff of the PDO. Now I have provided the PDO with the monitoring of the operational situation, as it should be. It was inconvenient for Frolich, in the PDO they often made mistakes, did not know a lot. The dispatchers frankly told me why I was needed here then, we can do fine without you if we know everything. I did not enter into open conflicts, but gradually the PDO dispatcher began to deal with operational work.

The PDO was supervised by Evgeniy Barsukov. He was an old military technician, he was concussed during the war, and sometimes his behavior was inadequate. He worked out the last years before retirement, before, for quite a long time, he was in charge of the warehouse for the material and technical supply of the entire airline. But at work he became very excited, worried, started talking, he was sent to an easier job before retirement. He coped with the main tasks, but he could not organize the work of dispatchers; In the PDO dispatcher, sick, "written off" technicians, or outright nets, from which there was no use in the material part, were appointed. The return on them in this rather responsible position was appropriate.

For a long time, almost until retirement, one of the PDO dispatchers was Markel Mikhailovich Zakharov. Member of the Great Patriotic War, an old technician. Half of his stomach was cut off from alcohol abuse, which is why he ended up in the PDO. He treated me quite kindly, at first he helped me to enter the system. However, I didn’t want to work in a new way, I “spoiled blood” with him a lot. The young dispatcher Guzikov married a gypsy woman and drank himself to death. In short, a lot of people went through the PDO, some of them finished it up to retirement, some just “improved” their health, some, very lazy people, “nets”, just sat out, they were not interested in their careers, wages, or growth prospects.

Then the PDO began to accept even women who were very far from our production. This was done at the suggestion of the head of ATB. He could not refuse women. He brought a "godfather" by the name of Omelchenko, they said that she really was his godfather. She behaved arrogantly, feeling the support of the leadership. Zoya Maksimovna Dzyuba also worked with us. She used to work in a logistics warehouse. She was a very beautiful, lonely woman of her pre-retirement age. They say that in her youth, and until now, many of our airport men were not indifferent to her, but she preferred men from the command and control staff. I don’t know if Frolich accepted her under the patronage of someone, or he was forced to do it himself, but before retirement Zoya Maksimovna worked successfully, doing nothing, serving another shift.

After Barsukov, many heads of the PDO also changed. Worked in PDO technician AiREO Khazanov Yuri Lvovich, who studied in absentia at the Kiev Institute of Civil Aviation Engineers and, before defending his diploma, it was desirable for him to work in an engineering position. There was no such vacant position at the radio-electrical-instrument equipment section, he asked for the PDO. He worked well, but the temporality of his stay here was constantly present in his work, which was extremely undesirable for me. Similarly, Valery Barashkov "sat out" in the PDO. His father worked in the regional party committee as a driver, drove almost the first secretary of the regional committee. Valery graduated from the Kirovograd Aviation Technical School of Civil Aviation with a degree in radio. The specialist was average, not outstanding. I didn’t have enough diplomas, I didn’t even enter the institute in absentia, knowing my abilities. However, this did not suit his father, and Valery himself was no stranger to careerist habits. In short, the regional committee "pressed", they decided to put Barashkov as the vacated chairman of the trade union committee, and before that he had to work in an engineering position, since he did not have a higher education and "from above" could not approve such a candidate. Barashkov did not bring anything new and fresh to the work of the PDO, except for helping Frolich several times, taking several commissions inspecting us on a fishing trip.

He worked in the PDO Kairgaliev Shamshitdin Khamitovich. We came to the airport together, he came after serving in the army as an aviation technician. He was excellent as a technician. I quickly mastered everything, knew how to do everything. Very sociable, cheerful, he never had enemies, only friends. His father worked as a vice-rector at a pedagogical institute. On principle, I didn’t want to study at the Bala Institute, as everyone called him, although with his abilities and with the support of his father, it would have been very easy. He said that if necessary, he would bring his diploma tomorrow, but he never entered the institute. This situation did not suit Kairgaliev's entourage, after he married the daughter of one of the secretaries of the regional committee, he came to the leadership of ATB with consent to occupy the permanently vacant position of the head of the PDO. He worked for several months. First of all, I bought a large, leather, red folder and carried it with me everywhere. He especially liked to go to the headquarters in the offices. With pleasure I went with this folder to the city, showing off there in front of his many acquaintances. But he was an honest man, in this work he did not find satisfaction, there were practically no results in improving the organization of the department's work, he resigned and until the very perestroika worked as an ordinary technician.

Only Nikolai Petrovich Sukhomlinov "got accustomed" to the PDO. It was an inconspicuous, dry boy from the village of Chagansky, close to the airport. He came to us after graduating from the aviation technical school, he was very diligent and obedient. He fell ill with tuberculosis, did not work for almost a year, I offered him to work in the PDO after an illness. By that time, he married a Jewish woman, he had a mother-in-law, rich at that time, he was one of the first to change into a leather jacket and bought an electronic watch somewhere, everyone came to him to look at this curiosity.

His level of knowledge was insufficient, he tried to study in absentia at the Kiev Institute, but he could not finish it. But gradually, over time, only he was able to bring the work of the PDO closer to the requirements that were originally imposed on the work of this department. We worked with him without any problems. Everything that is needed for the operational management of production has been organized. After computers began to come into fashion, I tried to involve Sukhomlinov in this work. The PDO installed an old "Robotron", which was allocated to us from the accounting department. Several times I sent Kolya on business trips, to Alma-Ata, even to the leaders of the introduction of computer equipment in Civil Aviation in Lithuania, to the Vilnius airport. Of course, Kolya's literacy was not enough, he could not introduce anything to automate the processes of operational management of production, he himself also could not master the computer perfectly.

The last years before my departure, Kolya and I lived tensely. Along with his main job, he got a job as a chauffeur at Berkut, an aviation company that was organized by the airport management in the person of Oleg Ibatovich Amangaliev, with the aim of “pumping” money from the airport to a private enterprise, that is, money laundering. Feeling the patronage of the command, he completely stopped working. Several times I tried to talk to Kolya, but he did not understand anything, or I already did not understand anything about modern organizational methods. Kolya's answers boiled down to the fact that I did not pay him anything, he needed to feed his family, but Berkut pays.