Application of nitrogen

Pure nitrogen is used in various production processes, including ammonia synthesis and the production of nitrogen fertilizers, methane conversion, and associated gas processing.

Nitrogen is used to protect ferrous and non-ferrous metals during annealing. It finds applications in the processes of neutral hardening, stress relief annealing, carburizing, cyanidation, brazing, powder metal sintering, and die cooling. Metallurgy

The use of nitrogen when treating paper, cardboard and even wood objects with ultraviolet or cathode rays to polymerize the varnish coating allows for reduced photoinitiator costs, reduced VOC emissions, improved processing quality, etc. Pulp and paper industry

In the food industry, nitrogen is registered as a food additive E941, as a gaseous medium for packaging and storage, a refrigerant, and liquid nitrogen is used when bottling oils and non-carbonated drinks to create excess pressure and an inert environment in soft containers Food industry

Nitrogen is used in oil and gas production to maintain in-situ pressure and increase product production. This inert gas is widely used to create an inert cushion to ensure explosion and fire safety in process tanks, as well as during loading and unloading operations. Nitrogen is used to maintain a certain pressure in oil and gas tanks, to clean process tanks on gas carriers and LNG and LNG storage facilities, and to purge pipelines. Oil and gas industry

Nitrogen is used to protect tanks, to store raw materials and product, to transport chemical products and to package pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals

Preventing oxidation in semiconductor and electrical circuit manufacturing, purging and cleaning are the main applications of nitrogen in the electronics industry. Electronics

In this industry, nitrogen is used to cool the electrodes of arc furnaces. In addition, it is used to protect against oxidation during production and reduce air temperature. Glass industry

Liquid nitrogen is widely used as a refrigerant; it is used in medicine, especially in cosmetology. Medicine

Nitrogen is the most popular gas for ensuring explosion and fire safety in various industries: from food to nuclear. Being an inert gas, nitrogen allows, when supplied to a technological volume, to displace oxygen and avoid an oxidation reaction. Firefighting






HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY 1772 K. Scheele and G. Cavendish obtained nitrogen D. Rutherford described the preparation and properties 1787 Lavoisier proposed the name nitrogen - “lifeless” (but no, zoe - life) Numerous names: unclean gas, suffocating gas, septon, spoiled air, disturbed air, saltpeter, putrefactive agent, deadly gas, nitrogen, etc.


Occurrence in nature: 1) in a free state in the atmosphere (78%), 2) in a bound state (see table) Natural form Earth's shell Salts of ammonium and nitric acid Lithosphere, hydrosphere Nitrogen Atmosphere Nitrogen and ammonia of volcanoes Lithosphere Compounds in some types of fuel ( oil, coal) Lithosphere Nucleic acids, protein substances Biosphere



Here is what famous scientists wrote about Nitrogen: F. Engels - “Life is the way of existence of protein bodies on Earth” D. Rutherford - “Suffocating Air” K. Scheele - “Bad Air” A. Lavoisier - “Lifeless Air” D.I. . Pryanishnikov - “There is no life without nitrogen, for it is the most important component of the protein molecule.”




STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE ATOM? period, ? group, ? subgroup Contains at the external energy level? electrons +7)) ? ? ? N 0 + 3e - N -3 * Make up formulas for the compounds of N with Li, Ca, Al. ? N 0 –1,2,3,4,5e - N +1,N +2,N +3,N +4,N +5 * Make up the formulas of the oxides


STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE ATOM 2nd period, 5th group, main subgroup C contains 5 electrons on the outer energy level +7)) 2 5 Oxidizing agent N 0 + 3e - N -3 * Make up formulas for compounds of N with Li, Ca, Al. Reducing agent N 0 –1,2,3,4,5e - N +1,N +2,N +3,N +4,N +5 * Make up the formulas of the oxides










STRUCTURE OF THE MOLECULE N N N BOND: -COVALENT NON-POLAR -TRINARY -STRONG MOLECULE: -VERY STABLE -LOW REACTIVITY






CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Assignment: give a complete description of the reactions *; under what conditions (c, t, p) the equilibrium will shift to the right. Oxidizing N 2 0 2N -3 When heated with other metals (Ca, Al, Fe) At room tº only with Li * At high tº, p, kat (Fe, Al, K oxides) with H 2 Reductive N 2 0 2N +2 * At tº electric arc (ºС) with O 2


TEST YOURSELF N 2 +3H 2 2NH 3 +Q Reversible Compounds Exothermic Homogeneous Catalytic with N 2 and H 2 increase tº decrease p increase N 2 +O 2 2NO –Q Reversible Compounds Endothermic Homogeneous Non-catalytic with N 2 and O 2 increase tº increase p does not affect


Questions for self-control 1. Gas without color, taste and smell 2. The molecule is diatomic 3. Content in the air is 78% 4. In the laboratory it is obtained by the decomposition of KMnO 4 and H 2 O 2 5. In industry - from liquid air 6. Chemically inactive 7. Interacts with almost all simple substances 8. The processes of respiration and photosynthesis are associated with it 9. Is an integral part of proteins 10. Participates in the cycle of substances in nature


TEST YOURSELF O 2 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10. “5” N 2 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10. “5” 1-2 errors “4” 3-4 errors “3” 5 errors or more “2” Using information about nitrogen as an example, give arguments in favor of two points of view: 1. Nitrogen is “lifeless” 2. Nitrogen is the main element of life on Earth.



Repeat and consolidate knowledge about the structure of the atom and molecule of nitrogen. Study the physical and chemical properties of nitrogen. Reveal the role of nitrogen in nature.

“There is no life without nitrogen, for it is an indispensable component of proteins.” D.N. Pryanishnikov

K. Scheele and G. Cavendish obtained nitrogen in 1772. D. Rutherford described the preparation and properties in 1787. Lavoisier proposed the name nitrogen - “lifeless” (and - no, zoe - life). Numerous names: unclean gas, suffocating gas, spoiled air, flammable air, saltpeter, putrefactive agent, deadly gas, nitrogen, etc.

Natural form Earth's shell Salts of ammonium and nitric acid Lithosphere, hydrosphere Nitrogen Atmosphere Nitrogen and ammonia from volcanoes Lithosphere Compounds in some types of fuel (oil, coal) Lithosphere Nucleic acids, protein substances Biosphere

2nd period, 5th group, main subgroup Contains 5 electrons on the outer energy level +7)) 2 5 Oxidizing agent N 0 + 3e -  N -3 * Make up formulas for compounds of N with Li, Ca, Al. Reducing agent N 0 –1,2,3,4,5e -  N +1 ,N +2 ,N +3 ,N +4 ,N +5 * Make up the formulas of the oxides 3 1 2 4

N N N  N BOND: -COVALENT NON-POLAR -TRINARY -STRONG MOLECULE: -VERY STABLE -LOW REACTIVITY 1 3 4 2

Gas without color, odor and taste. Poorly soluble in water. Slightly lighter than air, density 1.2506 kg/m3 Tº pl.= -210 º C Tº boil.= -196 º C Does not support respiration and combustion

Oxidizing N 2 0 2N -3 When heated with other metals (Ca, Al, Fe) At room tº only with Li * At high tº, p, kat (Fe, Al, K oxides) with H 2 Reductive N 2 0 2N +2 * At tº electric arc (3000 - 4000 º C) with O 2

Application Production of ammonia and nitric acid. Creation of an inert atmosphere in metallurgy. Production of nitrogen fertilizers. Production of explosives. Liquid nitrogen in medicine. Saturation of steel surface to increase strength

Preparation In industry - from liquid air In the laboratory - by decomposition of unstable nitrogen compounds

1 m 2 o 3 l 4 e 5 k 6 y 7 l 8 a Securing new material

Reflection (work in pairs) Name of the topic - one noun Description of the topic - two adjectives Description of the action - two verbs + gerunds (or three verbs) Attitude to the topic - four words The essence of the topic - one word.

Paragraph No. 23, report sheet, exercise 5 work tetra Write a story on the topic: “The Journey of Nitrogen in Nature” Answer the questions: How can you prove experimentally that there is nitrogen in the air? To transport vegetables and fruits over long distances, refrigerators are used, in which liquid NITROGEN is used as a refrigerant. What properties is this based on?

Application. Liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant and for cryotherapy. Industrial applications of nitrogen gas are due to its inert properties. Gaseous nitrogen is fire- and explosion-proof, prevents oxidation and rotting. In petrochemistry, nitrogen is used to purge tanks and pipelines, check the operation of pipelines under pressure, and increase the production of fields. In mining, nitrogen can be used to create an explosion-proof environment in mines and to expand rock layers. In electronics manufacturing, nitrogen is used to purge areas that do not allow the presence of oxidizing oxygen. In a process traditionally carried out using air, if oxidation or decay are negative factors, nitrogen can successfully replace air. An important area of ​​application of nitrogen is its use for the further synthesis of a wide variety of compounds containing nitrogen, such as ammonia, nitrogen fertilizers, explosives, dyes, etc. Large quantities of nitrogen are used in coke production (“dry quenching of coke”) during unloading coke from coke oven batteries, as well as for “pressing” fuel in rockets from tanks to pumps or engines. In the food industry, nitrogen is registered as a food additive E941, as a gaseous medium for packaging and storage, a refrigerant, and liquid nitrogen is used when bottling oils and non-carbonated drinks to create excess pressure and an inert environment in soft containers. Content.

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Nitrogen

“Nitrogen oxide” - 4. Give examples of reactions that prove the acidic properties of nitric oxide (III). Nitric oxide (V). Several nitrogen oxides are known. +1 +2 +3 +4 +5. NO. N2O. All nitrogen oxides, except N2O, are toxic substances. Nitrogen is capable of exhibiting several oxidation states from -3 to +5. +3 +5 2NO2 + H2O = HNO2 + HNO3.

“Silicon and its compounds” - Characteristics plan: In nature, it occurs in the form of oxides, silicates and aluminosilicates. From top to bottom: Garnet. Study the properties of silicon. Analysis of lunar soil samples showed the presence of SiO2 in an amount of more than 40%. Lesson objectives: Application of silicon compounds. Give a general description of the element silicon. It is also found in plants and animals.

“Nitrogen Lesson” - At the end of the lesson, students evaluate their activities in accordance with self-assessment criteria. 2. Operational and execution stage (15 min.). Methodological recommendations for studying the topic “Nitrogen as a simple substance.” 3. Reflective-evaluative stage (20 min.). Equipment and teaching material. It takes 2 hours to study the topic.

“Nitrogen and its compounds” - Nitrogen compounds. Radioactive isotopes of nitrogen with mass numbers 11, 12, 13, 16 and 17 are known. The oxidation states of nitrogen in compounds are: 3, ?2, ?1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5. The amount of CuO is 2 times greater than calculated. There is another version. Municipal educational institution “Secondary school No. 6 with in-depth study of the French language.”

“Obtaining radioactive isotopes” - Radioactive isotopes in biology. The “labeled atoms” method has become one of the most effective. Radioactive isotopes are widely used in science, medicine and technology. Application of radioactive isotopes. Radioactive isotopes in archeology. Using nuclear reactions, isotopes of all chemical elements can be obtained.