How much does refractory weigh? Overview of fireclay bricks: types, weight, size, marking. Types of solid bricks

The weight of a brick depends on the material from which it is made, purpose, size and shape. The main characteristics of such a building material include dimensions, water absorption, frost resistance, thermal conductivity and, of course, weight.

However, this does not mean at all that the heavier the material, the stronger or more durable it is. Bricks are produced from different types of raw materials and in different ways. Roasting is carried out at certain temperatures. The properties of the material that meet its purpose are considered paramount, and only then comes such an auxiliary characteristic as mass.

Weight of 1 solid red brick.

The standard option is red brick with dimensions of 250x120x65 mm and weighing 4.3 kg. The mass of a large-format wall block can reach 24 kg, depending on the dimensions of the brick - height, length and width.

The product can be divided into types:

• According to the material, bricks are divided into two types: ceramic (red) and silicate.
• By appointment, the brick is divided into working, facing (front), clinker, refractory (chamotte).
• Sizes are: single, one and a half and double.
• In shape: full-bodied or hollow (slotted).

Estimated weight table for 1 brick of all types.

In the masi table which is presented below, you can find out the weight of building bricks both by piece and by m3, according to GOST standards.

In the above table, you can find out the weight of m3 of bricks, as well as the piece weight. All data are taken from GOST.

Weight of a solid brick.

This material is supposed to be considered solid, which is produced from refractory clay and has a minimum of voids inside. In percentage terms, this is 10 - 15% of the volume of bricks. The presence of voids makes the weight of such clinker greater than that of a hollow one. This determines the purposeful use of this stone.

Types of solid bricks.

• Ceramic. Production of this type is carried out from clay or several types of clay. After the drying and firing procedure, a porous and light brick is obtained, the presence of voids in it is not permissible.
• Silicate. Such material is made from a mixture of quicklime and sand. The output is a product that perfectly isolates sound in the room and has a low thermal conductivity. Silicate brick has poor moisture resistance, therefore it is used for interior work.
• Hyperpressed. Pressed bricks are produced from a mixture of quicklimestone, cement and a special dye. After briquetting, the shape is perfectly even, which implies the use of the resulting material in construction for surface cladding.

To find out how much 1 solid brick weighs, you need to look at the above table. It indicates the piece and m3 weight.

The following two tabs change content below.

In the manufacture of products, many manufacturers are guided by their own specifications instead of the conditions prescribed by GOST. Therefore, when choosing a material, the question arises which brick to take. Indeed, according to a number of characteristics, products manufactured in accordance with GOST and according to the manufacturer's specifications very often do not coincide. In that case, it's best to purchase goods with a GOST mark, because it is better.

As for the geometric parameters, GOST specifies the size of a standard rectangular product 230x113x65 mm, and this is considered the optimal material for the construction of brick structures. But today other dimensional characteristics are also acceptable, so the market is filled with a variety of products from different manufacturers.

The mass of products also has different indicators, and varies in the range from 2.8 kg to 4.5 kg , with an allowable weight according to GOST - 3.7 kg. When purchasing, do not forget about this, because the thermal conductivity of the material depends on the mass. To keep the heat in the room, you need to choose a material with a larger mass, because a small weight increases its thermal conductivity.

From the quantitative content in the composition of the building material aluminum oxide depends on the resistance to chemicals, alkalis and high temperatures. The content of this element in the composition affects the structure of the material, making it porous . A porous brick heats up for a long time, but it also cools down longer than usual, retaining the resulting heat.

At the same time, strength decreases with increasing porosity. Therefore, it is worth choosing a material with an optimal density of 1700–1900 kg/m. Density also affects properties such as: moisture absorption, thermal insulation, adhesion to the mounting mortar and the weight of fireclay bricks.

You can determine the porosity of a brick by just holding various options in your hands.

Summing up, we can say that when choosing such a building material, production standards, dimensions, weight, aluminum oxide content and density should be taken into account.

Marking

For the convenience of classification and ease in the choice of this building material, a marking, thanks to which you can immediately determine the properties of the material. It reflects the dimensions of products, temperature properties and technical characteristics.

The most popular brands of fireclay bricks: SHA, SHB, SHAK, SHUS, SHV, PV and PB.

Using the example of a bar marked ShB 5 SL, we will decipher the data from the manufacturer.

In addition to the standard rectangular shape of fireclay bricks, there is also trapezoidal and wedge.

Application area

Due to its resistance to temperature changes and the effects of alkalis and chemicals, fireclay bricks have a wide range of applications. It is used in industrial plants in installations that emit active chemicals during combustion: blast furnaces, boilers, fuel chambers.

The solution used to create thermal devices is also of great importance. Usually, the same ingredients are used for mixing that are used in the production of bricks. This gives the oven a high level of thermal stability.

To lay fireclay bricks of the ShB-5 or ShB-8 brand, refractory clay with crushed bricks is used. The resulting solution is called "chamotte clay".

Before laying the furnace equipment, the operating temperature of the future structure should be calculated. The width of the mounting seam between fireclay bricks depends on this indicator. The higher the operating temperature, the thinner the masonry layer. Sometimes it does not exceed 1 mm. Such work requires a high level of skill from the performer, and good quality of the prepared solution.

As a result, the consumption and cost of the necessary materials increase, and you need to choose a brand of product with a higher resistance to fire.

Despite all the advantages, there are nuances that limit the use of fireclay bricks ( negative points ):

• hygroscopicity- the ability to absorb moisture. This quality reduces the strength of the product when heated and increases its weight.
• Low freeze resistance. Best of all, fireclay bricks of the ShB-5, ShB-45, ShB-94 brands withstand low temperatures. Not suitable for household stoves ShB-8, because during intermittent operation, the stove, cooling down, begins to crumble.
• High product density. Such material is difficult to cut if you need to change the original dimensions.
• High cost, long warm-up time and the need to prepare a special mounting mixture.

How to distinguish marriage

Special requirements are imposed on the quality of fireclay bricks, since it depends on strength future furnace, her high temperature resistance and heat retention capacity . Therefore, it is necessary to exclude even the slightest defect of the product.

It is very easy to check. If you knock on a brick, a quality product will make a metallic ringing sound. A dull sound indicates insufficient firing during production.

To test for strength, you need to hit it harder. A high-quality briquette will break into large pieces, and small crumbs eventually speak of marriage.

Low-quality bricks should not be used for laying furnaces. They acquire the inherent properties of absorbing and retaining moisture. Such material loses three-quarters of its useful qualities, unlike dry.

Conclusion

When buying fireclay material, you should pay attention to the information
markings to have an idea of ​​the manufacturer and class of refractory. For the construction of some objects, it may be necessary to combine several types of fireclay, depending on the location of the material and the functions assigned to it.

To calculate the optimal amount of fireclay bricks of different brands and sizes, you may need the help of specialists who will help you save money when buying building materials.

Description

Chamotte brick ShA-8 (SHB-8) is a molded refractory product used in structures whose operation is associated with high temperatures. The brick is molded from refractory clay with the addition of chemical components, which helps to avoid cracking of the masonry when the temperature changes.

Given the technical characteristics of the material and its durability, it is widely used in the construction of various types of gas boilers, combustion chambers, various furnaces and chimney arches. The correct geometry of the brick, its color and pleasant texture gave rise to the use of the material in private construction.

Storage of bricks is carried out on pallets, in conditions that exclude moisture products. Regulatory documents do not regulate the shelf life of this building material. Before you buy a fireclay brick, you should study its physical and chemical characteristics and standard sizes.

Application

Refractory brick SHA-8 (ShB-8) - designed for laying various thermal units, with a maximum temperature of 1250-1400 C o . Bricklaying is carried out on a special mortar, fireclay mortar and refractory clay.

Characteristics

Building materials should be used only with strict consideration of the load created on the base. That is why the weight of fireclay bricks should be carefully controlled. In addition, the organization of transportation of products also depends on this.

Peculiarities

SHA-8 and SHA-5 are the two most commonly used fireclay bricks. They are obtained by firing a clay mixture of a certain shape with significant heating. For the production of the product, a combination of kaolinite with other minerals is used. The technology implies that a certain amount of aluminum and silicon oxides should be in the finished composition. The two brands of fireclay bricks mentioned above are widely used for:

• installation of stoves and fireplaces;
• construction of chimneys;
• lining of melting furnaces at metallurgical plants.

Choosing the composition of refractory bricks, technologists have learned to influence not only its thermal stability. Differences in chemical composition cause differences in density (specific gravity). Yes, 1 pc. fireclay brick category ShA-5 weighs 3.4 kg. At the same time, its linear dimensions are strictly prescribed in state standards and amount to 230x114x65 mm. In accordance with GOST 390, a brick with a size of 250x120x65 mm must have a mass of 4 kg.

Standard fireclay products

GOST 390-96 also prescribes the mass of bricks laid on 1 pallet. It can vary from 1350 to 1600 kg. This implies laying 385-400 pieces of finished products. Mass of one cube. m of refractory bricks is from 1745 to 2050 kg. Regardless of the total gravity of 1 cu. m should include exactly 513 pieces.

Characteristics by brand

When choosing fireclay bricks, there is no need to calculate the mass of products using complex formulas. It is enough to know the specific technical brand of the finished product. So, a lightweight brick of category SB 5 should weigh 3.5 kg. It is used to decorate stoves, barbecues, make fireplaces and barbecues. Fireclay category ShA 5 has a mass of 3.4 kg. It is intended for individual residential construction.

Blocks ША 5 and ШБ 5 should have the same size - 230x114x65 mm. ShA 6 blocks, designed for laying out thermal and heating equipment, are also produced in standard dimensions - 230x114x40 mm. At the same time, the mass of such a product is 3.4 kg. The heaviest products are SHA 8. They are needed for the formation of internal masonry in heating furnaces and smoke ducts.

Calculation example

Let it be planned to build a furnace with a height of 2400 mm (with a base of 24 bricks). Each row has a height of 70 mm, and 300 mm are subtracted from the planned height for “cutting”. In total, 30 rows of masonry remain, and after multiplying by 2/3 (the usual proportion in the construction of "Dutch women"), only 20 rows will remain. The result is 480 bricks (plus 50 for "cutting").

If you order fireclay brick SHB-5 straight, then 1 pallet will contain 385 blocks with a total weight of 1309 kg. The total need in this case is 530 bricks with a total mass of 1802 kg. We can conclude: it is required to use 1.37 pallets of building blocks. You can bring them in a Gazelle-type car, but the car will be overloaded.

If you order straight fireclay SHB-8, 1 pallet will contain 297 blocks with a total weight of 1188 kg. The weight of a single product will be 4 kg. Thus, 530 pieces will weigh 2120 kg. Therefore, you will have to order a full-fledged truck to deliver a batch of fireclay bricks to the site. Of course, in reality, the size of the stoves and the number of blocks used for masonry change, it is also worth considering the chimney, but the general principle of counting remains unchanged.

You will learn more about refractory fireclay bricks from the video.

If the brick withstand less than the allotted time, then such a product will absorb liquid, which will significantly reduce the strength of the brick. The brick will adhere to the mortar, but under the influence of the mass of the building, it will crumble in the future.

Chamotte brick has a characteristic color with small patches of red.

You can also determine if a brick belongs to this species if you lightly hit it. If you have a high-quality fireclay brick in front of you, then you will hear the characteristic sound of metal.

Conclusion

Fireclay brick is a unique building material of its kind, because it is able to withstand very high temperature loads. This makes it simply indispensable in the construction of stoves, fireplaces and other buildings that are in direct contact with fire.

As for its dimensions, they all strictly correspond to the data specified in GOST. The dimensions of the bricks are very important, because the accuracy of fitting the material depends on it, and hence the strength of the entire building.