This report is an analytical overview of the anti-extremist legislation and its unlawful use for the past 2017. Such reports Center "Owl" issues annually, summing up the results of monitoring work, which our organization exercises on an ongoing basis from the mid-2000s.

In 2017, Russian anti-extremist and antiterrorist legislation was replenished with new standards limiting the rights of convicts on the relevant articles of the Criminal Code. Laws have been adopted that extend the censorship in the field of information dissemination on the network and new initiatives have emerged, which in the near future can allow the authorities to establish control over the work in Russia of foreign social networks and search engines.

The radical changes in the anti-extremist law enforcement in 2017, according to our observations, they were not clearly expected to be expected not earlier than the mid-2018.

Law enforcement agencies continue to relate to independent public activity in the network with all seriousness, so activists can be confident that their Internet pages are under constant supervision. The fight against the criticism of Russia's actions in connection with the Ukrainian conflict, which caused a particularly acute response in previous years, in 2017 gradually began to go to the background, giving way to the fight against the "revolution" and the opposition, hence the numerous law enforcement claims to the supporters of Vyacheslav Maltsev and Alexey Navalny , as well as independent local activists. In some cases, we consider these claims justified, in others they are obviously contrived, but in general it is about the desire to neutralize political opponents, rather than take care of public security.

Law enforcement agencies still try to adhere to this installation on top of the installation to fight for tolerance, and since quantitative indicators clearly play a leading role in assessing their activities, sentence statistics under Article 282 of the Criminal Code on the initiation of hatred in the network continues to grow. The number of cases of unreasonable persecution on this article is also not reduced. The number of extrajudicial locks of network materials is growing.

Law enforcement agencies continue to initiate criminal cases of insulting the feelings of believers, although the obvious inconception of such cases leads to a scandalous discussion of them in society, and sometimes even to revision and closure.

The attack on religious organizations and the flows that the authorities do not belong to the number of "traditional" for Russia are growing. The activities of the head organization of Jehovah's Witnesses in Russia and all their local communities were prohibited, believers were under threat of criminal prosecution. The criminal case on the creation of an extremist community was initiated against the five members of the Church of Scientology in St. Petersburg.

Attention as a sharp strengthening of repression against the followers of the prohibited Islamic religious movement "Tables of Jamaat" and Muslims studying the heritage of the Turkish Theologian Said Nursi and excessively severe sanctions against supporters of the Radical Party "Hizb ut-Tahrir", which in Russia is recognized as terrorist, Despite the fact that it does not practice violence. The number of convicts on charges of involvement in these associations has grown more than one and a half times, increasingly to the real periods of imprisonment sentenced to participate in activities not only organizations recognized by terrorist (here the deadlines reach 20 years), but also those recognized as extremist .

Throughout the year, the legislative and law enforcement practice in the field of anti-extremism remained a sharp topic, in society there are more and more issues related to the invasion of the state in the expression scope. In recent years, Russian citizens have often applied to the European Court of Human Rights with complaints about the decisions of Russian vessels on anti-extremist and antiterrorist articles. Many of these appeals were in 2017 communicated, and the first decision was made to apply Article 282, but it is not known whether the ECHR's position will affect the installation of the Russian authorities.

Regulatory

In 2017, the Government continued the previously elected course on tightening the Internet regulation. New laws in this area are logically embedded in the course elected by the authorities, designed to stop the dissemination of prohibited materials on the network, which causes complaints from both representatives of the Internet industry and human rights defenders. However, the innovations of 2017 are still little reflected in practice.

In February 2017, the President approved changes to the Code of Administrative Offenses (Administrative Code), which provide for increasing the responsibility of Internet providers for non-fulfillment of duties on blocking pages on the basis of information received from Roskomnadzor. A new article was made to the code 13.34, establishing responsibility for officials in the form of a fine in the amount of from three to five thousand rubles, for individual entrepreneurs - from 10 to 30 thousand, for legal entities - from 50 to 100 thousand rubles.

In July, he was signed, and in November, the law on the ban on the use of anonymizers and VPN.-Service for access to sites blocked in Russia. The Federal Law "On Information" was supplemented with Article 15.8, which requires such services to maintain blockages under the threat of sanctions, starting with blocking access to themselves. At the same time, the law "On information" and the Administrative Code was seized for the ineffectiveness of the Regulation on the register of bloggers and their responsibilities. Note that at the end of February 2018 Article 15.8 has not yet started to apply.

The draft law on fines for search engine operators for evasion from exemptions from issuing references to prohibited sites (for citizens - five thousand rubles, for officials - 50 thousand rubles, for legal entities - from 500 to 700 thousand rubles), entered in the State Duma simultaneously the above, in October overcame the first reading; Consideration of the draft law in the second reading has not yet been held.

In November, the laws "On information" and "On Media" were made (and immediately entered into force) amendments about the "foreign agents", which, among other things, created the widest possibilities for blocking on the Internet. The amendments allow you to block without trial sites containing not only appeals to extremist activities, mass unrest, participation in inconsistent promotions, as it used to provide for the "law of meadow", but also materials of "unwanted organizations", as well as "information that allows access" To all of the listed. Which means the wording "Information that allows access" is not quite clear. But, at a minimum, we are talking about hyperlinks on sites and any publications of "unwanted organizations" or calls, albeit very old, to participate in inconsistent promotions, and there are such links on the set of sites of the most different kind. Probably, the placement of the site can also be placed on it instructions for obtaining anonymous access to the relevant resources through VPN. or anonymizers.

In mid-July, the deputies Sergei Boyarsky and Andrei Alsherski (United Russia) introduced a package of bills to the State Duma, which impose a duty to the administration of social networks to remove unlawful content and introduce millions of fines for non-performance of this duty. The idea of \u200b\u200bone of the bills was borrowed from the authors of the scandalous German law on social networks adopted in June 2017. According to the text of the amendments, social network operators, which have more than two million users from Russia, are obliged to create a representative office on the Russian territory that should be around the clock " to restrict access or delete applications for the social network user, the information spread in it, which is clearly aimed at promoting war, inciting national, racial or religious hatred and hostility, unreliable and (or) the disclosure and dignity of another person or its reputation information, other information, For the dissemination of which criminal or administrative responsibility provides for the day from the date of receipt of the specified statement" According to the thoughts of the authors of the bills, you should also delete copies of the unlawful content, while remote information should be stored on social network operators servers for three months. From the text of the bills, it is not clear whether the networks themselves must make decisions based on cited criteria or guided by judicial decisions. It is also not clear, the authors of the bills want to punish social networks only for the option of receiving complaints of users, their late consideration and failure to provide reports to Roskomnadzor, or violations should be considered both unreasonable, from the point of view of the authorities, social network failures to delete content. If we consider that all social networks and so have mechanisms for consideration of complaints and disposal of content, it should be concluded that the proposed mechanism is a tool of state censorship. The Boyarsky and Alshevskaya package was approved by the State Duma Committee on Information Policy, Information Technologies and Communications, but aroused serious complaints from the Government Commission, although she supported his concept as a whole. In 2017, the package was never submitted to first reading, but probably his consideration was postponed only temporarily.

In the same line, new restrictions on the media, primarily foreign or use foreign funding fit into the same line on enhancing control over the dissemination of information.

The amendments signed in July to the media law introduced a ban on media establishment for persons who are deprived of their liberty or have a conviction for committing crimes using media and the Internet or " for committing crimes related to the implementation of extremist activities" The amendments also allowed the Roskomnadzor to refuse to resolve the dissemination of a foreign periodic printed publication or cancel such permission if the publication does not comply with the article on the abuse of media abuse or anti-extremist legislation as a whole. The text of the law does not describe how Roskomnadzor will detect violations of anti-extremist legislation. This inspires concerns about the possibility of an incorrect decision-making decisions, which significantly limit the freedom of speech by Roskomnadzor.

In December, a new bill was introduced to the State Duma, expanding the legislation in the field of relations with "foreign agents". He implies amendments to the laws "On Media" and "On Information". First, it was proposed to supplement the law "On Media" by the Regulations that the recently introduced status of "media performing functions of a foreign agent" can be assigned to individuals. In fact, such status can be assigned to any person who receives funds from abroad and systematically distributing any information, with obscure consequences. Secondly, the "foreign agents" wants to oblige to establish their Russian organizations that represent their Russian organizations that will automatically receive the same status of "ina groups". Thirdly, according to the bill, materials and messages of media- "foreign agents" and those established by the Russian "foreign agents" must be accompanied by an indication of the fact that these materials are created by the "foreign agent". This requirement applies to any information resources under the threat of blocking. In January 2018, the bill was adopted in the first reading.

In 2017, a number of measures were taken to tighten the legislation on countering extremism and terrorism.

In May, amendments were made to the law on administrative supervision of persons released from the seats of imprisonment. According to the amendments, the provisions on administrative supervisory provisions were introduced, which affect, in particular, the fate of convicts on anti-extremist and antiterrorist articles. Now over the convicts for grave and especially grave crimes under a number of articles of the Criminal Code, including Articles 205.2 (Part 2), 205.5, 278, 282 (Part 2), 282.1, 282.2, on which, from our point of view, are often incredible sentences, Administrative supervision should be installed to remove the criminal record.

In July, a law was signed to cancel the previously adopted act on the acquisition of Russian citizenship for part of the convicts for crimes of extremist and terrorist orientation. It is believed that the court sentence proves that at the time of receipt of citizenship, the applicant falsely argued that the constitution and legislation undertakes to comply with the criminal intent, obviously could arise later. It can be fear that the law will be used to deprive citizenship and deportation of some immigrants or residents of the Crimea.

In December, the State Duma adopted a bill on toughening responsibility for assistance to terrorism in the second reading. It is supposed to supplement the wording of Article 205.2 of the Criminal Code (public calls for the implementation of terrorist activities or public justification of terrorism) so that it includes also "propaganda of terrorism", and in the comments to the article indicate that " under propaganda terrorism it is understood to the distribution activities and (or) information aimed at the formation of the ideology of terrorism, conviction in its attractiveness or idea of \u200b\u200bthe admissibility of the implementation of terrorist activities" It should be noted that the concept of "the ideology of terrorism" is not defined in the law on countering terrorism, nor in any official documents, so which materials will be regarded as forming such an ideology, it is also unclear. In addition, according to the new version of the bill, it is tightened - right up to life imprisonment - the punishment provided for by parts 1 and 2 of Article 205.1 of the Criminal Code (promoting terrorist activities) for declining, recruitment or other involvement of the person in committing a terrorist crime.

In November, the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation adopted a resolution explaining some aspects of the legislation on the protection of children's interests in resolving related disputes. Among other things, the Supreme Court supplemented the list of acts falling from his point of view, under the definition of "abuse of parental rights", which, according to the Family Code, is the basis for the deprivation of parental rights. In particular, the Supreme Court, in particular, recommends considering the involvement of children " the activities of a public or religious association or other organization in respect of which the decision of the court on the liquidation or prohibition of activities (Article 9 of the Federal Law of July 25, 2002 No. 114-FZ "On Counteracting Extremist Activities", Article 24 of the Federal Law Of March 6, 2006 No. 35-FZ "On Countering Terrorism")" It should be noted that the concept of "involvement of children in the organization's activities" in the legislation is not determined, which creates opportunities for its expansion interpretation by law enforcement agencies and courts. In addition, the Supreme Court did not even indicate that the deprivation of parental rights should be preceded by a court sentence for the involvement of the child in the activities of a prohibited organization. Thus, believers and political activists are in a situation where criminal accusations of involvement in prohibited organizations may not be opposed against them, but their children can be removed from the family without good reason. Recall, we believe that a number of religious associations and organizations of the political sense are not forbidden in Russia illegally. Even if the courts are not widely used by the Resolution of the Supreme Court in practice, the very existence of such recommendations creates an additional "prophylactic" pressure tool on citizens, which encourages to abandon the disadvantageous authorities of faith and other beliefs or leave protest activity.

Only one significant legislative initiative of 2017 was aimed at "liberalization" of one of the provisions of anti-extremist legislation. At the end of June, the Ministry of Communications placed the draft law on the change in article 20.3 of the Administrative Code (public demonstration of Nazi symbols and symbols of prohibited organizations) at the Federal Portal of Projects of Regulatory Legal Acts. It was proposed to supplement part 1 of Article 20.3 of the Administrative Code of the Note, according to which the use of prohibited symbolism " in the works of science, literature, art, as well as in educational, educational and information purposes, no public demonstration is formed, subject to the absence of signs of propaganda" The Owl Center repeatedly pointed to the absurdity of the ban on any demonstration of Nazi symbolism regardless of the context. However, we believe that it is more correct and easier would not define the list of exceptions: it is enough to make promoting relevant ideology to a prerequisite for the demonstration of prohibited symbols can be considered as illegal.

Practice ECHR

Since the summer of 2017, the European Court of Human Rights communicated several dozen appeals, whose applicants dispute the use of anti-extremist and anti-terrorism laws in Russia, as well as standards for insulting the feelings of believers. Obviously, the ECHR intends to thus create a case base for subsequent decisions on numerous such complaints from Russia.

Among other things, in August, the ECHR communicated eight complaints about the ban or refusal to register several religious organizations and the persecution of involvement in their activities, as well as to the recognition of the extremist groups of religious work. All these appeals filed in the ECHR from 2011 to 2017 were taken to consideration at the same time, since they appealed similar to the essence of the violation of Articles 9, 10 and 11 of the European Convention on the right to freedom of conscience, freedom of expression and freedom of assembly and associations. The ECHR will have to consider the decisions of Russian courts affecting most of the religious areas, the adherents of which are subject to discrimination and persecution in Russia: Muslims studying the legacy of Said Nursi, followers of the "Tables of Jamaat", Salafites, Scientologists, Adepts of the Chinese spiritual practice "Falun Gong" and international Organizations "AUM SINICONE". The complaint of "Jehovah's Witnesses" for the prohibition of their organizations was communicated separately in December, the ECHR intends to consider it in priority. The decisions that will be made in Strasbourg are fundamentally important for further judicial practice on the affairs of religious organizations and, wider, on cases relating to the right to freedom of conscience, both in Russia and in some former republics of the USSR, in their religious policy oriented on Example of the Russian Federation. It should, however, keep in mind that Russia has repeatedly ignored the ECHR solutions in this area.

In the same month, the ECHR communicated the complaint complaints in 2012-2016 several sites, access to which was closed by the Russian authorities under various pretexts - "Kasparov.ru", "Ribra.ru", "Head", the site of the project "RoskomxVod "I. WorldView of Russia Civilization. The ECHR combined five appeals to one thing, considering that they affect similar issues. The applicants believe that restricting access to sites illegally and "does not pursue a legitimate goal." ECHR appealed to the Russian authorities with questions in the case, and, in particular, inquired, whether the norms of Russian legislation on blocking " rather accurate and predictable in its application"And" whether they give a sufficient degree of protection against arbitrariness».

As already mentioned, the number of complaints in the field of interest to us, communicated in 2017, 2018, is dozens, among them complaints of the use of articles of Criminal Code 280, 282, 354.1, 205.2, 282.2, 213 (parts 2), 214 (parts 2), Articles of COAP 20.29, 5.26, prohibition of materials and organizations. The applicants indicated a violation of their rights to freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, personal integrity, a fair court.

According to one such complaint, the ECHR in October issued a decision - the first concerning the application of Article 282 of the Criminal Code: was satisfied with the lawsuit of the Nizhny Novgorod journalist and the human rights activist Stanislav Dmitrievsky. Dmitrievsky in 2006 was sentenced to two years of imprisonment conditionally under paragraph "b" of part 2 of Article 282 of the Criminal Code (excitement of hatred or hostility committed in the media using the official position). The reason for persecution was the fact that Dmitrievsky, who held the posts of the executive director of the Russian-Chechen friendship company and the editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Law-Protection", in the spring of 2004, published in his newspaper Ahmed Zakaev and Aslan Maskhadov. The ECHR decided that the conviction of Dmitrievsky and the sentence appointed to him could produce " easy effect"In the field of the realization of the right to freedom of speech and create journalists an idea of \u200b\u200bthe impossibility of discussing issues of public importance, including the Chechen issue. Thus, the Russian authorities went beyond the permissible restriction of the discussion. As indicated by the ECHR, the verdict made by Dmitrievsky, taking into account the content of publications, and the circulation of the newspaper, was not dictated by the urgent needs of society in protecting the security and was not proportional to the legal goals declared by the Russian authorities. In this case, the intervention in the implementation of the right to freedom of expression was not necessary in a democratic society, and therefore, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights was violated, guarantees the right to freedom of expression. Separately, the ECHR made an important note that, when deciding on the case, the legal argumentation of the court was actually submitted by the Quasiyuridic argument of the Linguist expert, and this is common practice in such matters. The ECHR ordered Russia to pay Dmitrievsky 10 thousand euros as compensation for moral damage and 3,615 euros to court costs. We hope that the decision of the Strasbourg court will contribute to the protection of the rights of publishers for the dissemination of information representing public interest, and in general will host the Russian courts to a more attentive consideration of cases under Article 282 of the Criminal Code.

The main directions of persecution

Ideological opponents of power

"Ukrainian question"

As in previous years, in 2017 the Russian authorities continued to use anti-extremist legislation in relation to statements related to the conflict in Ukraine and the spread of various Ukrainian materials. Here we would like to stay in cases of an obviously illegal or disproportionate reaction of law enforcement agencies.

In June, the Meshchansky District Court of Moscow recognized the former director of the library of Ukrainian literature Natalia Sharina guilty of paragraph "b" of part 2 of Article 282 of the Criminal Code (the initiation of national hatred or hostility using the official position) and parts 3 and 4 of Article 160 of the Criminal Code (embedded in large And especially in large amounts) and sentenced it to four years in prison is conditionally with a trial period of four years. The reason for persecution was the fact that as a result of a search conducted at the request of the municipal deputy-Ukrainophob, the library discovered prohibited Ukrainian literature. Storage and issuance of literature is responsible for librarians under the Library Law, which comes into conflict with the requirement of the authorities to check the names of books from funds and new revenues with a constantly updated federal list of extremist materials. Now this contradiction is regulated at the instruction level. But the criminal charge of a librarian who did not expand the book from turnover, in the conscious propaganda act - the intentional distribution of materials exciting hatred, from our point of view, is obviously wrongful.

In the same month, the Kaluga District Court of the Kaluga region sentenced the local resident of Roman Grishin to 320 hours of mandatory work, recognizing it guilty of paragraph 1 of Article 282. Grishin refused to go to work, and the court replaced them with 40 days of imprisonment in the colony-settlement. The reason for the accusation Grishin in the initiation of national hatred served as a video "New hit from Kharkov! It is a babe, rashizm ... "on the song Boris Sevastyanova, which Grishin repurchased on his page in Vkontakte in 2014. The Sevastyanov song contains a sharp criticism of Russian state propaganda and foreign policy in connection with the actions in Ukraine, characteristic, according to the author, for totalitarian regimes, but there are no aggressive appeals. The video series contained images of the Nazi symbolism and the emblem of prohibited DPNI, so earlier, in 2015, for the publication of the clip, they were arrested under Article 20.3 of the Administrative Code (propaganda or demonstration of Nazi symbolism) activists from Krasnodar. However, the demonstration of Nazi symbolism here is not aimed at promoting the Nazi ideology. And even more, the publication of the clip did not form the composition of Article 282.

In February in Saratov, the court sentenced under part 1 of Article 282 on the initiation of hatred on the basis of belonging to nationality and the social group. 19-year-old Alexander Gozenko, who published four comments directed against ethnic Russian and "Ventikov" in November 2015, was convicted in November 2015, and one of the comments appealing to violence over the last (as indicated in the court decision, Gozenko called for "to arrange Holocaust Wool "). The full text of the comments is unknown to us, so we do not know whether the Gozenko sayings exciting ethnic hostility. Regardy by the social group "Vatnika" or "Wat", it should be noted that such simply does not exist. Law enforcement agencies transferred this term as a phrase "Patriots of Russia", which once again indicates that in reality it is not about the social group, but about the adherents of a certain ideology. But the initiation of ideological hatred is not part of Article 282. Gozenko completely recognized the guilt, and the case was considered in a special order. The court sentenced him to 160 hours of mandatory work. We also note that Gozenko's comments left, still being minors.

In the Oryol region in December, the court began on the next case against the poet from the village of Krom Alexander Byvshev, which was initiated at the beginning of the year on the fact of publishing in VKontakte in 2015 the poem "on the independence of Ukraine". Byvvshev was accused of part 1 of article 282 in the initiation of hatred of Russian on the part of ethnic Ukrainians. From our point of view, in this poem, in 2016 recognized extremist, really contains statements that can be interpreted as humiliating for residents of Russia. However, we believe that the verses of the former are political, and not a xenophobic orientation. In addition, the humiliation of dignity, in our opinion, should be excluded from the Criminal Code as an act of little gravity. Earlier, in 2015, Byvvshev was convicted of publishing the poem "Ukrainian Patriots", in our opinion, is also wrongful.

In November, Petrogradsky District Court of St. Petersburg was sentenced to paragraph 1 of Article 282 Anatoly Plesashanov. The court sentenced him by the year of imprisonment conditionally. The reason for the accusation of Pleshanov was the statements left by him on August 11, 2014 in the Konakovo and Konakovsky district group in Vkontakte. The author extremely negatively responded about the Ukrainians who decided to move to Russia, and also spoke out against the accession of the Crimea. According to the conclusions of the expert opinion, the statements of Pleshanov were " aims to humiliate the dignity of groups of persons on the signs of nationality and affiliation to the social group»[Residents of Ukraine]. " The author writes that he is dissatisfied with the assistance of Russia and Russian citizens by the inhabitants of Ukraine, demonstrates a negative attitude towards residents of Ukraine- Ukrainians. The author believes that the population of Russia itself in its country does not have such assistance and support"," Said in the conclusion (the grammar of the original is stored). Wherein " justifications, justification of violence"And" calls for violent action»Experts in statements did not reveal. Once the statements of Pleshanov could be regarded only as degrading in the sign of nationality, from our point of view, there was no need for criminal prosecution.

In September, the Simferopolsky District Court made a sentence in the case of the deputy head of the Majlis of the Crimean Tatar people Ilmi died. The court sentenced him to two years of colony-settlement with a two-year ban on social activities, despite the fact that the prosecutor demanded a conditional term for him. The criminal case under Part 2 of Article 280.1 of the Criminal Code (public calls for a violation of the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation using the media or the Internet) was initiated in May 2016, after in March, the APR television channel in Ukraine was died. Died, he spoke for the return of Crimea to Ukraine, however, in our opinion, this did not give grounds for criminal prosecution: it is impossible to blame people in the separatism of people who originally not recognized the joining the territory on which they lived to Russia. In addition, from the position of international law, the legality of the accession of the Crimea to Russia remains controversial, and the Crimean Tatars have the right to their point of view in this dispute. Died, a real period was appointed, despite the difficult state of health, however, in October, he died together with another Deputy Chairman of Majlis Ahtem Chiigoz, convicted on charges of organizing mass riots in Crimea to the accession of the Peninsula, was released from custody and sent by plane to Turkey . It was reported that, despite the fact that they did not file the Russian president of pardon, they were pardoned at the request of the Crimea's mufti; President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko said that the liberation of died and Chiygoz took place due to the agreements with Turkish President Recep Erdogan.

In December, the Astrakhan Regional Court once again revised the case of the leader of the Russian Astrakhan movement, Igor Stenina and left a deliberation sentenced to him in May 2016 by the Soviet District Court of Astrakhan - two years of colony-settlements in part 2 of Article 280 of the Criminal Code (public calls to the implementation of extremist activities via the Internet). Recall, in 2016, the court of first instance recognized Snynina guilty of publications in VKontakte records on the topic of war in Ukraine with a call to destroy " kremlin occupiers"; He was also charged with another user commentary, which the consequence was mistaken for repost. Appeals instance - Astrakhan Regional Court - approved this decision. Then, already in 2017, by order of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the sentence was revised by the appellate instance and canceled absence of the composition of the crime. Stenin was released from a colony where he served a sentence (it is worth noting that we do not know other similar cases in the practice of anti-extremist law enforcement). However, in November, the Supreme Court unexpectedly satisfied the cassation submission of the Prosecutor General's Office and sent the case of Stenina to a new consideration in the appellate instance, which returned to the indictment.

In June, it became known that in Ulyanovsk the Investigation Committee ceased production in the criminal case of the "Left Block" activist Danilila Alfreeva in terms of article 280 and part 1 of article 282 for the absence of a crime in its actions. The case against Alfrieva was started in the summer of 2016, he was accused of initiating hatred for the social group "Representatives of the authorities who are currently leading Russia" due to speech in the communist rally on November 7, 2014. The activist then said that in the State Duma sits " fifth column», « because of which the Maidan flared up in Ukraine"And" which must be cleaned", About betrayal from" United Russia, Medvedev and Putin"And that he is ready to take part in the conflict in the Donbas and" clean Russia from occupation"With the appropriate order Zyuganov. As Alferiev explained later, his speech was " political Art Perfomance"- Parody to speak the leader of the Moscow branch of the Eurasian Union of Youth Andrei Kovalenko, which received certain fame on the Internet. From our point of view, there were no grounds for the criminal prosecution of Alfreev.

October District Court of St. Petersburg in 2017 banned five materials of Ukrainian sites (the federal list of extremist materials replenished one video, three articles and demotivator), containing approval of the involvement of Russian special services to the terrorist attacks on the territory of Russia since the end of the 1990s, as well as To the terrorist attacks that occurred on the territory of Ukraine since the development of the military conflict there. The court relied on the provision of the law "On Countessing Extremist Activities", according to which the publicly false accusations of public officials are related to such activities (and in terrorism, in particular) government officials. However, in our opinion, the court did not prove convincingly that the authors of the materials or commentators, on whom they refer, put forward the "obviously false" theses, that is, such theses in which they themselves do not have reason to believe. We have doubts and this is the status of the law. It can be assumed that the slanderous accusations of high-ranking authorities in serious crimes are fraught with destabilization and therefore are attributed to the legislator to extremist activities, but it is not clear why some such charges, let's say, in murders in one way or another ideological reasons, should be considered a type of extremist activity, while others - For example, accusations of other criminal murders - no. We believe that this provision in the Law on Extremist Activity is not a place: accusations of any kind of crimes nominated by one person against the other may be considered in court within the framework of slandering lawsuits (the question of which the code should contain an article about slander , in need of a separate discussion).

In 2017, Russian law enforcement agencies, as well as a year earlier, continued to block up the "law of meadow" Ukrainian resources, as well as sites relocated to Ukraine after the accession of the Crimea and the beginning of the armed conflict. Realities for restricting access to these resources are often quite obvious, since for journalism in the conditions of armed conflict, aggressive rhetoric is characterized, but analytical, information or satirical materials are often blocked.

Fighting Activists of Republican Nationalist Movements

The activities of nationalist activists in the republics often attracts the attention of law enforcement agencies. In 2017, sentences were made on cases initiated earlier, and intense discussions on official languages \u200b\u200bin the republics led to new pressure episodes on local nationalists.

In April, the October District Court of Ulan-Ude acknowledged the Buryat activist and blogger Vladimir Hagdaeva guilty of public calls to separatism (part 2 of Article 280.1) and the storage of narcotic drugs in large amounts without the goal of sales (part 2 of article 228 of the Criminal Code) and sentenced him to three years imprisonment conditionally with a three-year trial period. We doubt that the statements of Hagdaev deserved criminal prosecution. According to the investigation, " having personal beliefs aimed at uniting Mongolian peoples into a single state", In 2014-2015 He under the pseudonym "Genghis Bulgadaev" posted one record and two comments in VKontakte "in VKontakte", containing calls for actions aimed at the yield of Buryatia from the composition of Russia. The post in the social network, the publication of which was imputed in the guilt of Hagdaev, was an image with a quote from an interview with a journalist Alexander Harmarzhapova. The statement of Harmarzhapova contained criticized against Russian nationalists and mention of the branch of Buryatia from Russia as a hypothetical scenario, but there was definitely separatist appeals in it. In two comments on the comments, Hagdaev called for " great geopolitical shift"And the reorganization of peace and Russia, as well as asked the rhetorical question about" when you can take a weapon and to assimilate the neighbor of the Russian warriors of the lieutenant colonel" Despite the radicalism of Hagdaeva's comments, it should be said that they did not offer anything concrete, and they were placed under the post that did not attract practically any attention, and therefore was unlikely to represented a serious public danger.

In May, the Tatar nationalist of Tatarstan sentenced Tatar nationalist Airat Shakirov to a fine in the amount of 100 thousand rubles in part 1 of article 282 for publishing a prohibited video "02/08/2013 rally in Makhachkala", but freed him from punishment over the expiry of the term Prescription. Shakirov himself stated that this video did not place this video, as well as some others, which he also found on his page. The video that served as a reason for his persecution this time is included in the federal list of extremist materials. It is a recording of a member of the member of the Ahly Sunna organization Gadzhagomeda Makhmudov on a consistent rally against the arbitrariness of Silovikov on February 8, 2013 in Makhachkala. Makhmudov's emotional speech reflected his indignation in connection with the problems of Muslims in Russia, but did not contain dangerous appeals, and no grounds for its prohibition, as we believe. It is not quite clear, in the excitation of hatred of someone accused Shakirov, but in any case the video did not give such bases.

In October, the Leninsky District Court of Ufa sentenced the Activist of the Bashkir National Movement of Sagit Ismagilov to a fine of 320 thousand rubles in part 1 of article 282 (in December, the Supreme Court of Bashkortostan reduced the size of the fine to 100 thousand rubles). Ismagilov was found guilty of a republish in Vkontakte text dedicated to the closure of the Institute of Humanitarian Research in Ufa, the author of which in harsh expressions accused Tatars in the collapse of Bashkir culture. The text was accompanied by a photo of a page from the book with a passage from the poem of the XVI century, containing inventive to the Tatars of the Golden Horde. From our point of view, the work of past centuries should not be assessed for compliance with modern ideas about tolerance and, moreover, the legislation on extremism. Here we agree with the corresponding clarification of the Constitutional Court. The aggregate of the two texts mentioned can indeed be considered as a statement aimed at humiliating the dignity on the national basis. However, we believe that the humiliation of dignity must be decriminalized as an act not representing a large public danger.

In August, the Vakhitovsky District Court of Kazan sentenced the leader of the Tatar Patriotic Front "Altyn Urda" ("Golden Orda") Danis Safargali to three years in prison in the colony of the general regime on charges of deliberate causing easy harm to health (Article 115 of the Criminal Code), deposits (article 115 116 of the Criminal Code), Hooliganism (Article 213 of the Criminal Code) and the initiation of hatred (Article 282). In November, the sentence was approved by the Supreme Court of Tatarstan. We consider the sentence of Safargali under the article. 282 For 15 publications in the social network "VKontakte" at least partially unlawful. Among other things, Safargali was imputed to the humiliation of the President of Russia, the authorities and the media, but none of the listed categories should be considered a vulnerable social group protected by anti-extremist law. We had doubts about the prosecution of national hatred against Safargali, and in the initiation of religious hostility, for the publication of a clip on the song "Ensemble of Christ the Savior and Mother of Cheese Earth" with the criticism of the ROC and Orthodox radicals.

It should be noted that in October the same Vakhitovsky District Court of Kazan ceased production in the case of the writer Aidar Khalima, accused of initiating national hatred. Khalima was accused of which on October 11, 2014 during a speech at a rally dedicated to the Day of Memorial of the defenders of Kazan, who fell in 1552, he made emotional statements against Russians with the mention of Putin's president. It was reported that Halim in his speech repeated the thesis from his own book "Kill the Empire" (later recognized extremist) o " biological death»Russian people and stated that the salvation of the Russians is possible only after their" reliable from Putin" Apparently, although Khalim adheres to radical nationalist views, in said speech, he did not allow calls for aggressive actions towards Russians, but only gave an assessment to the political course of the Russian authorities and imperial thinking. Nevertheless, it should be assumed that the writer was not convicted solely because of his respectable age and fame in the republic.

In May, the city court of Naberezhnye Chelny satisfied the claim of the Republican Prosecutor's Office on the liquidation of the Naberezhnochelinsky branch of the All-Town Public Center (WTO) and prohibit its activities as an extremist. The organization, which was previously headed by Rafis Kashapov, convicted for calls for separatism, was banned, despite the change of the leader.

In August, it became known that a criminal case was initiated in Kazan under Article 282 with regard to unidentified persons on the fact of the activities of the head organization - the All-Total Public Center. The reason, according to the Center itself, served as a picket and conference dedicated to the fate of the Tatar language as a second state in Tatarstan. During these events, critical statements about language policy in the republic sounded due to the fact that the Tatar language is almost not used as official, and various measures were proposed to maintain his status.

In October, the Prosecutor of Tatarstan Ildus Nafikov made the WARNING on the inadmissibility of violation of the legislation on countering extremism. The prosecutor's office demanded a disorder in a two-month period, which consists in the fact that the second " operates and makes decisions only in Tatar" At the same time, the prosecutor's office stated that according to the Federal Law on the State Language of the Russian Federation, as a state language " subject to compulsory use in the activities of organizations of all forms of ownership" In addition, the prosecutor's office found " signs of information aimed at exciting Reta on the basis of "Relationship to the Language""In the January appeal of the Presidium of the WTO to deputies of various levels, political and public organizations of the republic called" Save Tatar language ", which was proposed to discuss the idea of \u200b\u200bgiving a gradually displaced Tatar status of the only state language in the republic. The prosecutor's office regarded this proposal as a discriminatory statement and stated that the WTO seeks " restrict the rights and legitimate interests of Russian-speaking citizens" It should be noted that violation of the law on language does not relate to the sphere of anti-extremist legislation. With regard to the management of discussions on the status of a language, then it is from our point of view, is not an illegal act, and the Calls for discrimination on the basis of the sediment linguistic affiliation did not allow.

Pursuit of calls for extremist activities and excitement of hatred for civil servants

A separate direction of the struggle of law enforcement agencies with "extremism" is a harassment for various statements "against power". From our point of view, such a persecution is appropriate only when it comes to dangerous incitement to specific violent actions, otherwise it only imposes discontent in society. Recall that the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in the decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 11 "On judicial practice in criminal cases on crimes of extremist orientation" dated June 28, 2011, indicated that the limits of permissible criticism against officials should be wider than in relation to ordinary Citizens, and that by itself the criticism of political beliefs or organizations should not be considered as an action aimed at exciting hatred or hostility, and this position was confirmed in 2016.

In August, the Tver District Court of Moscow was sentenced to members of the initiative group on holding a referendum "For the responsible power" (ISPR "Call") - Yuri Mukhin, Valery Parfenov, Alexander Sokolov and Kirill Barabash, who were found guilty of part 1 of article 282 of the Criminal Code In continuing the activities of the organization recognized as extremist, namely the forbidden "Army of the Will of the People" (AVN). Mukhin was sentenced to four years of imprisonment conditionally with a limitation of liberty for a period of one year and a four-year probation period, Sokolov - to three years of six months of imprisonment in the colony of a common regime, Parfenov and Barabash - to four years of the colony. The drum was also deprived of the military rank of the Air Force Lieutenant Colonel. In December, the Moscow City Court considered the appeal in the case and lowered the drum and parfenov period from four years to three years and ten months of the colony of the general regime in connection with mitigating circumstances: the court took into account the state of the health of Parfenov and the fact that the Barabash was a participant in hostilities. We believe that the prohibition of AVN, the organization of the Stalinist-Nationalistanist, who has repeatedly seen in xenophobic propaganda, was illegal. The decision to recognize its extremist relied only on the ban on the leaflets "you chose - you judge!", In which the proposal to hold a nationwide referendum and adopt a new article of the Constitution and the relevant law, according to which the president and deputies of the Parliament should suffer criminal liability for the worsening of the population's life, It was also suggested to declare them out of law when attempting to avoid punishment. The call to spend any referendum, in our opinion, should not be regarded as an extremist, so the ban on the Organization we considered unreasonable, and accordingly, we consider unlawful persecution for the continuation of AVN's activities.

In September, the Novocheboksarsky City Court of Chuvashia sentenced Alexei Mironov, the volunteer of Navalny's headquarters in Cheboksary, by 2 years 3 months of the colony-settlement. Mironov was found guilty of part 2 of article 280 (public calls for extremist activities on the Internet) and article 282 (initiation of national hatred) for publishing in VKontakte. We do not consider the charge under Article 282, although it, from our point of view, did not give a reason for real deprivation of freedom. But under Article 280 Mironov was convicted for posted on his page an image of a citizen's certificate to be called for military service, with the text in English God BBS The USA Keep Calm and F *** Russia And the inscription on top of the image "I officially call for a violent change of power." In our opinion, such an anti-government statement of a general nature in the lion citizen's lips did not imagine any danger for the state, especially since the audience, acquainted with the publication, was minimal.

In November, the Krasnogvardeysky District Court of St. Petersburg made a sentence in the case of the Russian nationalist Vladimir Tymoshenko, he was convicted of initiating hatred for the social group " employees of institutions and institutions of state power"(Part 1 of article 282) and sentenced to two years in prison in a strict regime colony. Tymoshenko was convicted in 2010 in the Novgorod region for attempting to prepare the terrorist attack (according to investigators, he intended to undermine the wall of the Novgorod Kremlin to draw attention to the problems of "Russia and Russian people"), and also in 2011 in Kislovodsk for illegal manufacturing and turnover Weapons. In January 2015, while in the colony in the Novgorod region, Tymoshenko, by the phone, put on his bride, the text, which she published from his face in the community "Slavic force - NORD WEST PETERBURG."VKontakte. The text was dedicated " combat" vs " putin's anti-people regime and its power support- punisky"And contained a call" apply a crushing strike"On this device. We believe that the verdict was brought by Tymoshenko illegally: published text (as opposed to personal entries taken from Tymoshenko) contained only a call for abstract " crushing strikes"But not to specific actions.

In December, the Mias City Court of the Chelyabinsk region acknowledged Aidar Kuchukov guilty of initiating national hatred (part 1 of article 282) and sentenced him to two years of imprisonment under a trial period of two years. Kuchukov, the former investigator of the ATS Miass and a former lawyer, deprived of the status for significant violations of the interests of the criminal case, adheres to opposition views. He was convicted of the fact that in 2016 in publications in the social network "My World" " imposed a provocative topics other than those discussed by the participants of the dialogue, and posted the reports based on the National Main"And also allowed himself offensive expressions to Russian. We do not know whether Kuchukov admitted to the hatred of xenophobic statements. But from the message of the prosecutor's office, it is known that Kuchukov, among other things, were imputed in guilt what he left comments on the news of various media, in particular, wrote about the inevitability of the soon defeat of the Armed Forces of Russia in Syria, about the vulnerability of our weapons, about the anti-people regime Vladimir Putin and the rapid increase in the national protest in order to change power», « on the illegal actions of the FSB in the Crimea, the abnormal annexation of the peninsula and the worsening of Russia's life because of this" Such an expression on political issues does not fall under the article 282.

Partly unlawful to us seems to be a sentence made in February in part 1 of article 282 27-year-old resident of Tver; He was convicted for one year and seven months of imprisonment conditionally for the initiation of national hatred, but also for publishing texts degrading multiple social groups, including " employees of internal affairs"From our point of view, it should not be subject to article 282.

One such new thing, in which constantly legitimate accusations in xenophobic propaganda combined with the accusations of initiating hatred for government representatives, was initiated in February against a 16-year-old teenager from the Tyumen region.

We also note that in 2017 such charges were withdrawn at least from one person: in November, the Gryazovetsky District Court of the Vologda region justified in part 1 of Article 282 of the civil activist Yevgeny Domozhirov, who was accused of initiating hatred for the social group "Vologda police officers". Domozhirov published on the site the material in which in sharp expressions characterized by the local police officers, who, having arrived at him for a search, during the rewriting occurred damaged his mother's hand. He was found guilty only in insulting the police officer (article 319 of the Criminal Code) and sentenced to 60 hours of compulsory work.

In March, two images prohibited in 2016 by the Central District Court of Tver were included in March to the federal list of extremist materials. One of them is a demotivator, which was paragraph 4,071 of the list, which was characterized by the court as follows: " poster with the image of a person similar to the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, on the face of which makeup- Eyelashes and lips are painted, which, according to the author / authors of the poster, should serve a hint of allegedly non-standard sexual orientation of the President of the Russian Federation. The text under the image (reproduced with the preservation of the characteristics of spelling and punctuation, with the concealment of obscene vocabulary): "Putin's voters, like ... It seems to be a lot of them, but there are no them among my friends."" The demotivator does not contain calls for the initiation of hatred on any of the signs listed in the law on countering extremist activities, and therefore its prohibition is obviously unlawful. The same can be said about the image included in the list at number 4 072 (" a poster collage with the image of three people, two of them (in the form of a soldier of the Third Reich) similar to the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin and Chairman of the Government D.A. Medvedev; on right- photo of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill; Inscription under the image: "Covers- already in Moscow ""). In our opinion, this collage is a means of political controversy and in itself does not encourage any illegal action. However, the court found that both images humiliate the dignity of citizens on the basis of belonging to the social group, although in both cases it is impossible to establish which social group is in question.

The ban on the picture with the president in makeup was perceived as a funny curiosity and was actively discussed on the network, which led to quite serious consequences. In June, the Yeletsky City Court for five days was arrested by the local activist Gennady Makarov under Article 20.29 of the Administrative Code for the distribution of the mentioned image. The post of Makarov in Vkontakte was devoted to the recognition of the demotivator extremist. The publication quoted the corresponding point of the federal list and the court decision was criticized; The signature to the image was cut. Makarov appealed the court decision in the ECHR, his complaint was communicated

Cost of struggle for tolerance

Evolative Crimination Excitation Crimination

We found illegal or not enough just enough sentences made by Russian courts in 2017 for the initiation of all sorts of hate. It can be assumed that in fact the share of such sentences among those issued in 2017 under Article 282 is much higher, but in most cases we simply do not have information to assess the degree of sentence of the sentence under Article 282. Here we can only repeat that by itself The scope of the persecution of citizens under this article (and for public statements in general) causes serious concerns.

As we have already noted above, from our point of view, anti-extremist articles should protect only particularly vulnerable groups. However, law enforcement agencies are attracted to the responsibility for the initiation of hatred towards a variety of social groups.

In March in Moscow, Raper David Nuriev (Ptah) was fined 200 thousand rubles for the initiation of hatred against the "Group of persons united on the basis of the provision of assistance to law enforcement agencies in the wanted and detention of criminals", and are representatives of the public organization "AntiDiler" " Nurii's speech about the movement "AntiDiler", which he said in September 2015 at a concert at the club "16 tons", contained insults to the activists of the Antidiller and the call for unlawful actions - damage to their property, but not calls for violence.

In February, a resident of the Gorokhovets Vladimir Region Mikhail Pokalchuk received a year of imprisonment conditionally with a trial period of one year at part 1 of article 282. He was found guilty of initiating hatred for the social group "Anti-Fascist" for publishing a video in VKontakte. It was initiated at least one new similar case - against the 28-year-old Novgorod, in 2015 the image published in the same social network, " expressing a negative assessment of representatives of the social group of anti-anti-promoting combating fascism».

In April, in the Ryazan region, under Part 1 of Article 282, a criminal case was initiated against a 22-year-old local resident, who was accused of initiating national and religious hatred in the initiation of national and religious hatred, and in addition, they were incriminated to him. speaks of hostile and offensive nature in relation to veterans of the Great Patriotic War».

In November, it became known that in relation to the Chairman of the Union of Workers Sevastopol, Valery Bolshakova was initiated by a criminal case under Part 1 of Article 282. He was imposed in guilt that he, " acting on the motive of political and ideological hatred and hostility» , « mutely negatively appreciated the social group "TERSKY COSSITY"" In addition to the fact that the Terke Cossacks can hardly be called a vulnerable social group, it is also worth noting that the initiation of political and ideological hatred is not part of Article 282.

In March, a teacher of English from Vladivostok was sentenced to two years in prison, which, playing volleyball on the waterfront of the sports field, was sentenced. used phrases and phraseological turns", Degrading the dignity of Russians. If the statements of the teacher could be heard not by numerous walking along the embankment, but only those who were located on the playground participants of the moves, they should not be considered public. In addition, humiliation of dignity, from our point of view, should be derived from Article 282, as it does not represent a serious public danger. A similar case on the same article was initiated in 2017 with respect to the 23-year-old resident of the village of Kurshava Andropovsky district of the Stavropol Territory. According to investigators, in the summer of 2016, at night in one of Nevinnomyssk shops accused " expressed an expression imposed on the unfamiliar woman aimed at humiliating the dignity on national signs, undermining confidence and respect for the other than he nationality, causing feelings of hostility to her, and also called for hostile actions of one group of persons in relation to another, united on the signs of nationality" Hardly at night at night there was such a number of people so that the actions of the accused could consider publicly.

In May, in Cheboksary, the 61-year-old local resident Vladimir Avdeev was sentenced to 2.5 years of imprisonment conditionally for the publication of the three extremist materials entered into the federal list (paragraph 3 011) of the compositions of the Punk Group "Ensemble of the Savior and Mother of Cheese Earth": " Breaking crescents, "" Heart will not order "and" Cutting these all deputies. " The Avdaev himself argued that he did on his social network on the social network a republish of someone else's post about making songs to the federal list, to which audio recordings of the prohibited songs were attached, but this circumstance did not affect the court decision. In the song "Hello, Hitler is chanting a comic manner, the song" Cuttings of these all deputies "tells about the mosted in the vices of parliamentarians, the song" breaking crescents "- about the people from the Caucasus as guilty in all the troubles of the inner enemies. In the texts of the last two, it is clearly expressed by hostility or disrespect for groups of citizens (we note, however, that the law does not prohibit insulting to speak out about groups of politicians) and there are direct calls for reprisals above their representatives. At the same time, the lyrics about the deputies are perceived as a grotesque, while the song "breaking the crescent" has a pronounced xenophobic character and may well be perceived by the audience. Nevertheless, taking into account that AHSMSZ in words recommend to perceive their texts as satirical, persecution for the distribution of these texts - and they increasingly appear in criminal, and in administrative affairs - it looks low-obstacle. We note, by the way, in 2017, the extremist two more humorous songs of Ahsims are recognized ("Kill the cosmonauts" and "collider"), for which there were no grounds for the ban.

In July, a criminal case was initiated in Sudak under Article 282 with respect to local activists, the participants of the Public Association "Anti-Corruption Bureau of the Republic of Crimea" Dmitry Dzhigalov and Oleg Semenova; They were accused of humiliation of dignity Bulgaria. They took a subscription of the unseen, but in the fall of Semenov was arrested. The reason for the initiation of the case was publication on the Dzhigalov Channel in YouTube.: The video shot to them contains the negative statements of Semenov to the Bulgarian. What kind of statements are we talking about, the indictment does not say, and the video option, preserved in YouTube., it does not contain anything that it would fall under the composition of Article 282: Semenov only reproaches the Bulgarian in ungratefulness to the Russians, who freed them from the "Ottoman IGA". It is possible that this version of the video is not full, because, according to media reports, Semenov was charged with certain statements about the Stalin deportation of the Crimean Bulgarian. Nevertheless, we believe that since the activist is not accused of any unlawful calls, there was no need for criminal prosecution in this case. Obviously, their social activity was the true reason for the persecution of activists: the struggle of the "Anti-Corruption Bureau" with landfills, violation of the norms during construction, illegal allocation of land for development, etc., including the active criticism of local authorities and the publication of materials with accusations of corruption , While toutering, in particular, Vladimir Serov, the former mayor of Sudak, who has recently who has recently taken the post-premier of the Government of the Republic of Crimea.

Meanwhile, one scandalous case under Article 282 was closed in 2017: In early August, the Maykop city court ceased to the absence of a criminal case against the ecologist Valery Brinich, who was accused of awareness of the initiation of national hatred (part 5 of article 33 and part 1 of article 282 The Criminal Code) in connection with the publication of an article on environmental pollution by a large pig-breeding complex. The investigation believed that the material "misses the national retail and sow hostility," and also "calls for the implementation of extremist activities." The author of the article "Silence of the Lamby" vinyl inhabitants of the Teuchughene district of Adygea, where the enterprise pollutants is located, in the fact that they are passing in front of the authorities and not actively defend their interests. The text was recognized as an extremist material in 2014, but in connection with the termination of the pursuit of Brinich in September 2017, the ban from it was removed, and at the initiative of the prosecutor's office of the Republic of Adygea.

Pursuit of "Rehabilitation of Nazism"

We know two criminal cases, obviously wrongfully initiated in 2017 under Article 354.1 of the Criminal Code on the rehabilitation of Nazism.

In July, the accused of part 3 of Article 354.1 became the coordinator of Alexei Navalny's headquarters in Volgograd Alexei Volkov. The reason for the accusation of the activist in the public desecration of the symbols of the military glory of Russia was the fact that in the Volgograd community in support of Navalny in VKontakte after the policies spled up to the policies, a collage was published with a green monument "Mother's Mother call!". Later, the picture was removed, and the community administration brought apologies, but the materials about this publication came out in a number of federal media. In October, the Volgograd Regional Court was returned to the investigation into the prosecutor's office of the case, since it was found that retraining charges were possible. We believe that the persecution of Volkova does not have a clear justification. The creators and distributors of the collage, obviously, there was no intent to express disrespect for the monument and contribute to the rehabilitation of Nazism - on the contrary, they were obviously an illegal attack on Navalny, they compared with the attack on the famous sculpture. It is also clear that the creation of a collage cannot be regarded as an act of vandalism, but it is not quite obvious, can it be considered the distribution of a similar image by defrosting the monument as a "symbol of military glory of Russia": the legislation does not disclose this last concept used in the formulation of part 3 of article 354.1, and It is unclear whether the Volgograd monument relates to such symbols and the more his photograph.

In March, a criminal case under Article 354.1 was initiated against 62-year-old zoologist Igor Deroye. The reason for accusations was the publications of expensive in the social network "Odnoklassniki", in which he negatively responded about Georgy Zhukov, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Alexander Marnesco and Romanko's Romanko, as workers involved in the mass death of people, and Meliton Cantaria as the guns of Soviet propaganda. The investigation without any reason, these statements regarded these statements as "the spread of expressing express disrespects for information about the days of military glory and commemorative dates of Russia related to the defense of the Fatherland" (part 3 of Article 354.1). Some comments left for readers were imputed to the guilt of the readers to his records, which were regarded as a statement that the USSR "began war" in 1939, although there were no such statements in them. In addition, the investigation interpreted a photograph with a poster with images of Stepan Bandera and signature in Western Ukraine. National Distribution Hero Ukrainian, Hero Uk Stepan Bandera»As the approval of the crimes established by the sentence of the Nuremberg Tribunal (part 1 of article 354.1), although in the sentence of the Tribunal, the Bandera does not appear. In this case, in our opinion, there is an attempt to limit the right to a historic discussion, which does not even fit into the complaints of the formulation of the article on the rehabilitation of Nazism.

We also note that in March, the Leninsky District Court of St. Petersburg admitted an extremist material by the article of the historian Kirill Alexandrova "Bandera and Bandera. For whom they were actually, "and in December, the St. Petersburg City Court confirmed this ban. The decision was based on the expert conclusion of SPbSU specialists, according to which the article deals with acts and the approval of the crimes established by the Nuremberg Tribunal, and slander in relation to the activities of the USSR during the Second World War, i.e., the composition of Article 354.1. After reading the articles of Alexandrov, we did not find the denial of the crimes of the Nazis and their allies, nor any information about the activities of the USSR, except for well-known. In addition, we consider it necessary to draw attention to the fact that even if any text corresponds to the composition of any article article, this does not mean that it can be recognized as extremist. To do this, it should be established in court that it falls under part 3 of Article 1 of the Law "On Countering Extremist Activity", according to which extremist are materials, " calling to the implementation of extremist activities or justifying or justifying the need to carry out such activities, including the works of the heads of the National Socialist Workers Party of Germany, the Fascist Party of Italy, publications, justifying or justifying national and (or) racial superiority or justifying the practice of maternity or other crimes aimed at full or partial destruction of any ethnic, social, racial, national or religious groups».

In August, the Moscow District Court of St. Petersburg recognized the information prohibited for distribution in Russia, the collection of the Polish publicist Jan Novak-Yezranky "Eastern Reflections", its original mockup and an electronic copy published on the Internet. By accepting such a decision, the court was based primarily on the thesis of the prosecutor's office that the spread of the book violates Article 354.1, since it contains false information about the activities of the USSR during the Second World War. Experts attracted by the prosecutor's office to study the text, as "distortion" of history, for example, the interpretation by the author of events around the topics traditionally disputes - the Warsaw uprising, Volyn Rabby and Katyn. This decision, from our point of view, explicitly limits the historical discussion and is unreasonable interference with the right to freedom of speech - and it is precisely such an opportunity to provide law enforcement aims to the wording of Article 354.1, the criminal public dissemination of obviously false information about the activities of the USSR during the Second World War.

Fighting "Insults of Feelings of believers"

The most loud verdict of the year under Article 148 of the Criminal Code was the decision of the Upper Issue District Court of Yekaterinburg, in May recognized the video clrokener Ruslan Sokolovsky guilty of the nine episodes of the crime provided for in Article 282 (excitation of hatred or hostility, as well as humiliation of human dignity), seven episodes in terms of part 1 Article 148 (public actions aimed at insulting the feelings of believers) and one episode under Article 138.1 of the Criminal Code (illegal trafficking of special technical means intended for the unlawful receipt of information). The accusations of exciting hatred and insulting the feelings of believers were presented to Sokolovsky for the publication of provocative videos, primarily the atheistic properties, including the plot of Pokemon fishing in the Yekaterinburg Temple-on-blood, he was also accused of acquiring a "spy handle". Rollers, the placement of which in the network was incriminated to Sokolovsky, abounded by the foul language and the humiliating characteristics of religion as a whole, Orthodoxy and Orthodox, Muslims, followers of Leonid Maslov and feminists, in addition, Sokolovsky used Peyoraive ethnonyms and criticized the Chechen authorities. However, all these materials did not contain dangerous appeals. In July, the Sverdlovsk Regional Court considered the appeal on the decision of the Up-Isetsky District Court in the Sokolovsky case and changed it, eliminating the accusation under Article 138.1. Accordingly, the punishment was changed: instead of three and a half years of the conditional term of imprisonment Sokolovsky received two years for three months with a trial period of two years. The cassation appeal in the Sokolovsky case was rejected. We believe that the sentence of Sokolovsky is unlawful. According to article 282, the blogger could only immediately immediately humiliate the dignity of various groups, but humiliation of dignity, from our point of view, should be decriminalized. We opposed the amendments, according to which Article 148 was introduced to "insulting the feelings of believers", since they are convinced that this indefinite concept does not have and cannot have a clear legal meaning, and absurd legal proceedings around religious matters only undermine the authority of justice.

We note a number of court decisions that we consider unlawful, as well as the verdict in the case of Sokolovsky.

The world court of the Western District of Belgorod in May recognized a 22-year-old resident of the city guilty for the same part 1 of article 148. Taking into account mitigating circumstances, including the presence of a young child, she was sentenced in the form of a fine of 15 thousand rubles. The reason for the persecution was the fact that Belgorod placed on the page in Vkontakte photos on which she chilled from the candle in the Orthodox church. Although a resident of Belgorod and violated the rules of behavior in the temple, its actions obviously did not attract the attention of believers present there, did not cause damage to the objects of the cult and did not constitute a significant danger to society.

In September, Novgorod was fined for 30 thousand rubles in part 2 of Article 5.26 of the Administrative Code (Desecration of Religious West Objects) Musician Daniel Sukachev; In November, the relevant decision of the magistrate confirmed the Novgorod District Court. Sukachev published a video clip on the song of the Polish Black Metal Group in VKontakte Batushka.which used frames of Orthodox worship workers treated in a video editor with the imposition of various effects (flame languages, smoke, etc.). We consider the persecution of Novgorod unlawful: he did not create a video, but only posted him to the page in the social network, but also when creating a clip of the desecration of the objects of the cult, as such it did not occur.

In July, it became known that the Omutninsky District Court of the Kirov region sentenced a 21-year-old resident of Omuninsk at part 1 of article 148 to a fine of 25 thousand rubles. The young man was convicted of the fact that in the period from 2015 to 2016, " on the soil of explicit disrespect for society, repeatedly publicly posted in one of the social networks of the "Internet" photo image with inscriptions, insulting the feelings of believers, thereby demonstrating a dismissive attitude towards them and religion».

In December, the Industrial District Court of Barnaul suffered a conviction in the case of the neo-language of Natalia Tellagin, accused of part 1 of Article 148 and part 1 of article 282 (the initiation of national and religious hatred and humiliation of dignity), she was sentenced to two years of imprisonment conditionally with probation For a period of one year and six months for publishing in VKontakte. Insulting the senses of believers, the court saw in the publication of a picture with a warrior in a horned helmet, which wakes up a hammer over the silhouette of a burning temple. Six anti-Christian demotivators, according to the court, were excited by hatred and humiliated the dignity of Christians. In another publication, the demotivator about the people from the Caucasus - the court discovered signs of humiliation of the dignity of a group of persons united on the basis of nationality. In addition to the fact that we, in principle, oppose the persecution for the insult of the feelings of believers, we note that we did not find the signs of the initiation of religious hatred in the posts of Tellagin. Some of its publications can be regarded as degrading Christians, but the humiliation of dignity, from our point of view, should not become a reason for criminal prosecution. The anti-kaucasian publication of the Tellagin was racist, but it is hardly in itself enough for a criminal case.

In August, the world court in Sochi sentenced Victor Netimene to a fine of 50 thousand rubles in part 1 of article 148. Sochi was accused of republishing in Vkontakte a series of caricature images of Christ. In particular, the progress of the Sochi Monastery of the Cross Desert, the Imams of the Sochi Muslim community "Yasin", the head of the urban Jewish community and the abbot of Prince-Vladimir Temple in Sochi, were printed as witnesses. The last among other things stated that the revocated nightnaires are blasphemous and offensive for a believer, provocative " due to the reduced use of the sacred image», « contain disrespect for public morality and society as a whole, as well as social values" At the same time, the priest referred to the Dogmat on Iconisaled by the Second Nice Cathedral in 787. On the example of the business of the nightnam, it is possible to see how the vague concepts used in the Criminal Code, lead to the fact that the trial is replaced by religious dispute, and follow the legal principles - the use of church dogmas. After a broad publicity, the case was sent to revision and in early 2018 was discontinued.

In 2017, several new cases were initiated for the publication of atheistic pictures - against the 48-year-old resident of Yoshkar-Ola, a 29-year-old eagle resident and a resident of St. Petersburg Leonid Convisher. In the latter case, the charge under Article 148 was removed: In 2018, Convisher was sentenced to a fine under Article 282 for the initiation of religious hatred for publishing an image calling for violence over the priests: the picture was really provocative, but hardly deserved criminal prosecution and fine in the amount 400 thousand rubles.

The 20-year-old Artem Ibragimov from Tatarstan in August became accused of a case initiated under part 1 of Article 282 and part 1 of article 148 after placed in one of the social networks text and comments, according to law enforcement agencies, which excite national and religious hatred, and Also insulting the feelings of Christians. We had no opportunity to familiarize yourself with Ibrahimov's statements; Perhaps the charges put forward against him under Article 282 are justified, but we consider the pursuit of part 1 of article 1 of Article 148.

It should be noted that in February, the global court of the industrial area of \u200b\u200bStavropol due to the expiration of the statutes of limitations ceased production on a loud criminal case against Viktor Krasnov, which was accused of part 1 of article 148 due to the placement of comments in the group "Outraided Stavropol" in VKontakte. Being a convinced atheist, Krasnov rudely responded about the Bible and stated that " Big no!».

In July, in Naberezhnye Chelny, it was arrested in part 1 of article 214 of the Criminal Code (vandalism), part 1 of article 282 and part 2 of article 148 20-year-old Anton Ushachev, he was accused of applying a swastika and inscriptions, including antireligious content, for fences near Borovetsk Church of the Holy Ascension Bishowing. We believe that all of the described acts could be qualified in part 2 of Article 214 (vandalism on the motive of hatred), and the initiation of the case on two other articles is unnecessary.

In October, in Krasnodar, the case was initiated under part 1 of article 282 against a resident of Krasnodar Maxim Drozdov. The reel served the publishing Drozdov on his page in Vkontakte poem of his own essay called "Yeretich". The plot of this humorous in the nature of the work is: the villagers led by a local priest burn the school teacher at the fire, which said in the lesson that science is important, and there is no God. ATTENTION SC attracted lines of poem: " Flooded in the forest of proleski, / in the distance, chirbing the bird. / On the fire, with a weak crackle / Tracks the heretic ...", as well as " There are no people worse than vile atheists, we still refund the inquisition!"Despite the fact that we are talking about the obvious satire on Orthodox radicals, the investigation considered that the poem was aimed at humiliating the advantage of the Social Group" Atheists ". From our point of view, the poem does not give the slightest grounds for criminal prosecution, and the case will hardly be brought to court.

In 2017, the epic with the persecution of activists published in Chuvashi, who had published photographs with the deputy of Vitaly Milonovy, in a T-shirt with a recognized extremist inscription "Orthodoxy or Death", continued. Photography was perceived as a funny incident: the State Duma deputy demonstrates the prohibited slogan with impunity, and social network users would disagree it, without intent to solidize with the conservative views of Milonov. In November 2016, the "Open Russia" coordinator in Cheboksary Dmitry Semenov was fined under Article 20.29 of the Administrative Code (the spread of extremist materials) for a thousand rubles for repost this photo and the same amount - for the repost of the photos of Milonov in a suit, but with the mention of the same slogan in signature. In December, the Supreme Court of Chuvashia rejected the appeals of the activist, after which Semenov was republished on its page an informational message about the decision of the Republican Sun with the mention of slogan. Despite the fact that the word "death" in this message was hidden, the District Court in March 2017 fined Semenov and for this publication, and the Supreme Court of the Republic approved this decision. Semenov appealed to the ECHR, and in February 2018 his complaint was communicated.

Meanwhile, after Semenov in November 2016, the activist of the Parnas party from Novocheboksarsk Dmitry Pankov was brought to justice in November 20.29, but the Novocheboksar City Court decided to stop his business, taking into account that the federal list of extremist materials was losing with exclamation Sign, and in the published Pankov phrase "Orthodoxy or Death" an exclamation mark was absent, and that Pankov had no intent to distribute the prohibited slogan. Pankov repulciated in Vkontakte news from Publik "Lentach" that his case is discontinued - again mentioning the prohibited slogan. And in March 2017, the city court fined him for this repost per thousand rubles. Later, in April, the Cheboksary activist of the "ArtPook preparation" of Alena Plinka was fined again to a thousand - for the repost of Milonov's opinion about the persecution of Semenov.

It is also worth staying in several cases of prohibition of atheistic materials for extremism.

In February, Yoshkar-Olin city court of the Republic of Mari El recognized the extremist video of the "Photo, caricatures on the topic of atheism". We got acquainted with this video, which was a ten-minute slide show from an atheistic demotivator. From our point of view, dozens of images with inscriptions that have made up video did not contain any aggressive calls for believers, could not be interpreted as exciting hatred, did not see any public danger and, therefore, did not deserve the ban. The exception was only an image with the statement of the Norwegian musician-neo-language Varga Vikerness, which could be regarded as a call for the arson of churches, however, the prohibition of the entire series of demotivators because of the only incitement quotation seems to us doubtful.

The factory District Court of Grozny, in the same month, recognized the extremist video of the video cell of Ilya Davydov (Maddison) "Joke about Quran." We are talking about a passage from the speech of Davydov in 2012, in which he with the use of obscene vocabulary retells a certain obscene episode, in which the Quran and the Bible allegedly appeared, but there were no defective actions on them. After in January 2017, the video published one of the Muslim channels in Telegram.Davydov began to receive numerous insults and threats, after which he had to remove accounts in social networks (again he appeared on the Internet only in April) and, according to some data, leave Russia. The Russian Congress of the Peoples of the Caucasus (RKNA) appealed to the Investigation Committee, the Prosecutor's Office and the Ministry of Internal Affairs demanding to initiate against Davydov, the case of insulting the feelings of believers. In February, the prosecutor's office of Chechnya reported that the SC aroused in relation to Davydov, on part 1 of article 282 (humiliation of human dignity or a group of persons on the signs of attitudes towards religion), but then this entry from the prosecutor's office was removed, and nothing is known about the further fate of the case . At the same time, an application was also prepared for recognition of video recording of Maddison Extremist. According to a psycholinguistic study conducted by order of the prosecutor's office, there are actions and statements aimed at humiliation of a person and a group of persons on signs of attitudes towards Islam and Christianity. In our opinion, Davydov's speech was provocative, but did not imagine public danger.

In March, the October District Court of St. Petersburg issued a decision on the claim of the city prosecutor's office in connection with the appeal of the State Duma deputy Vadima Money and recognized as extremist three images posted on a number of Internet pages, as well as five atheistic communities in VKontakte, containing heterogeneous satirical materials atheistic Directions, the absolute majority of which did not constitute any public danger. They were mainly aimed at criticizing religion and the ROC, but did not excite hatred for believers, although they could be unpleasant. From our point of view, law enforcement agencies in this case could only seek blocking individual images or posts in these communities, and their full prohibition was wrong.

Religious groups

"Hizb ut-Tahrir"

According to our information, in 2017, on charges of involvement in activities to the Islamist Party, Hizb ut-Tahrir Al-Islami, which was banned in 2003 as a terrorist, 14 sentences were made against 37 people, all under Article 205.5 (organization of activity A terrorist organization or participation in it), but sometimes in combination with other articles of the Criminal Code. So, in one of the cases, eight people were convicted, besides under Article 282.2 - for the period of activity before the appearance of Article 205.5. In two cases, two cases were charged under Article 278 of the Criminal Code in combination with part 1 of article 30 of the Criminal Code (preparations for the violent seizure of power), in one case, among others, it was charged under part 1 of article 222 of the Criminal Code (illegal weapons turnover), three more The person was convicted and under Article 282 for the excitement of hatred. Sentences are geographically known as follows: in Tatarstan, four sentences were made against 16 people, in Dagestan - six sentences against six people, in Moscow - two sentences against six people, in Bashkortostan - one sentence against five people, in KhMAO-Ugra - One sentence against four people.

In addition, a sentence should be noted under part 1 of article 205.2 of the Criminal Code (public justification of terrorism), the IMAMU of the Moscow Mosque "Yardies" Mahmuda Velody. The Moscow Military Court recognized him guilty and sentenced to three years colony of the general regime; In August, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation approved this sentence. The reason for the persecution was that in September 2013, during the Friday sermons and the requiem prayer for the victim in Kizlyar Abdulla Gappayev, probably involved in Hizb ut-Tahrir, allegedly allowed the statements that are justifying terrorist activities. The Memorial Human Rights Center considers the prosecution of Velutov is unfounded.

Recall that the decision to ban "Hizb ut-Tahrir" as a terrorist organization, we consider it unlawful, since the party does not practice violence and does not consider it as a suitable method for the struggle for the construction of the World Caliphate. However, from our point of view, "Hizb ut-Tahrir" could still be prohibited - for other grounds.

The set of articles of the Criminal Code applied to Hizb ut-Tahrir remains the same, and the punishment provided for by these articles is not mitigated, the sentences on charges of participation in Hizb ut-Tahrir are still harsh, in some cases the deadlines for the conclusion of Article 205.5 approach to 20 years. The only sentence of 2017, in which four people in Nizhnevartovsk were sentenced to the conditional periods of imprisonment and fines, was revised, and the deadlines were replaced by real.

Still, when considering cases of involvement in Hizb ut-Tahrir, there is no question of proving the real preparation of accused of implementing terrorist attacks or seizure of power: The investigation states the fact of engaging them into party activities in the form of distribution or simply studying the literature "Hizb ut-Tahrir" , holding assemblies of like-minded people, and then the district military courts satisfy the requirements of the prosecutor's office.

At least 42 people were arrested in 2017 on charges made on nine criminal cases of involvement in Hizb ut-Tahrir (for comparison, more than two dozen such cases were initiated against more than seven dozen Muslims). Of these nine cases, three were initiated in Tatarstan (22 arrested), two in Bashkortostan (10 arrested), two in St. Petersburg (three arrested), one in the Crimea (six arrested), one in the Saratov region (one arrested). In all these cases, the charges of Article 205.5 are nominated.

In 2017, four electronic issues of the "Hizb ut-Tahrir" of the magazine "Hizb ut-Tahrir" were prohibited, on the federal list of extremist materials they were included already in 2018 at the numbers 4 378 - 4,381. These materials are heterogeneous, some of them cause Making complaints, others were banned without proper grounds.

In addition, at least 440 times over the year, Hizb ut-Tahrir materials were blocked according to the "law of meadow" (not counting the blocks at the court). As before, law enforcement agencies and courts prohibit the materials of the party automatically according to the association with a prohibited organization, without considering essentially and without finding out the degree of potential danger of each. An example is the video "Mom about a searcloth in the son and his friends", released in November 2012, shortly after searches in the followers of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Bashkortostan. The mother of one of the young people who have been searched, in the video gives a positive characteristic of his son and his friends, says that the Russian authorities do not protect the freedom of religion in the country and persecute Muslims, and insists that Islam cannot be a radical religion. The video was obviously not suitable for any of the criteria of the "law of meadow", but this did not prevent the Prosecutor General's Office and Roskomnadzor to block it without trial, as well as dozens of other similar materials.

"Tables Jamaat"

We know seven sentences against 19 people, made in 2017 on charges of involvement in the activities of the International Religious Movement "Tables of Jamaat" under Article 282.2 (Organization of the Extremist Organization or Participation in Takova): Two sentences against 10 people in Tatarstan, One sentence against five people in Bashkortostan and one in relation to one person in the Altai Territory, Buryatia (according to part 1.1 of Article 282.2 on the involvement of a person in the activities of an extremist organization), Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod. It should be noted that in 2016 we did not record a single such sentence, there were only information about three cases initiated for involvement in the movement.

In 2017, at least four such new things were initiated: two people were arrested in Tatarstan, four in the Crimea, 19 suspects were detained in the Orenburg region as part of the investigation, but we are not known about the arrests, in Moscow in November after the detention of several dozen Muslims were Five arrested.

From the reports of the FSB border service, we are also aware of numerous cases when citizens of other states regarding which there were information about their involvement in the "Jamaat Tables", were not allowed in the territory of Russia.

Recall, the religious association "Tables Jamaat" was prohibited in Russia as extremist in 2009. We regard this ban as unauthorized, since this movement is engaged in the peaceful propaganda of Islam, albeit a fundamentalist sense, and was not observed in any calls to violence.

Followers of Said Nursi.

In 2017, the persecution of Muslims studying the works of the Turkish Theologian Said Nursi, who, as we believe, are prohibited in Russia unreasonably. Recall, Russian law enforcement agencies have been pursued by believers who have found the books of Nurcy, for membership in a single Nurezhular organization, which was banned in Russia, despite the fact that even its existence itself has not been proven. Standard accusation is to participate in the "home madrasa", that is, in collective discussions of the works of Said Nursi, as well as in the distribution of his books.

We became aware of the four sentences made against the nine followers of Nursi in parts 1 and 2 of Article 282.2, and about three new criminal cases on charges of involvement in Nurdzhular against five people.

The Oktyabrsky District Court of Ufa in March sentenced five Muslims to the conditional periods of imprisonment. Among the convicts were the correspondent of the newspaper "Kiska Ufa" Azamat Abutalipov, the former head of the Procurement Department of the Government of Bashkortostan Aivar Habibullin, the owner and director of the Language School Shamil Husnitdinov and Temaggers Timur Munasypov and Ayrat Ibrahimov. In June, Abutaleipov and Khabibullin, who were convicted as the organizers of the "cells", the Supreme Court of Bashkortostan replaced the conditional period to real, they received four years and two years three months of the overall regime colonies.

In June, in Blagoveshchensk, the Amur region on charges of organizing the activities of the Nurezhular cell (part 1 of article 282.2) and the initiation of religious and national hatred (part 1 of article 282) was convicted by a resident of Ivanovka Evgeny Kim. The city court sentenced him to three years and nine months of imprisonment with the restriction of freedom for the year. According to article 282, the kim was imputed to the guilt of aggressive statements regarding the Inoverants, which he admitted in the course of their religious classes organized by him, we do not consider this part of the charges unlawful.

In November, the Leninsky District Court of Makhachkala sentenced Dapaeva, Sukhraba and Arthur Kaltuyev, accused of organizing an extremist organization for part 1 of article 282.2. Dapaev sentenced to four years of imprisonment in a correctional colony of the general regime, the Kaltuyev's brothers - to three years. It was reported that in April, another similar case was initiated in Ember and about the detaining of the 20-year-old Ilgar Aliyev in connection with him, but we do not have information on the further development of events.

In November, the Oktyabrsky District Court of Novosibirsk decided to expect from criminal liability with the appointment of a court penalty of 63-year-old Uralbek Karaguzinov and 20-year-old Missultan Nasirov, accused of part 2 of Article 282.2 in participating in the "home madrasa", organized by Imam Commil (Kamil) Odilo The case of which has not yet reached the court. Karaguzinov and Nasirov applied to the application of Article 76.2 of the Criminal Code, which provose that the person who had committed a crime of small or moderately, could be released by the court from criminal liability with the appointment of a court penalty if it was reimbursed or otherwise called the harm caused by the crime . Both agreed with the prosecution, brought apologies to the state and committed themselves to tell their acquaintances about the prohibition of the activities of the Nurezhular association in Russia. The court appointed each of them a fine of 90 thousand rubles, obligations of Nasirov's student to pay it within two months, and Pensioner Karaguisinov - for six months.

In Pyatigorsk (Stavropol Territory) in August, the case was initiated under part 1.1 of Article 282.2 on the involvement of Nurdzhular against Ashurali Magomedeminov. Magomedemines disappeared from the investigation and was declared a federal wanted list.

Other Muslims

In March, the Sverdlovsk Regional Court justified Imam of the Yekaterinburg Mosque Ramazan Albert Bayazitova, who in 2016 the Chkalovsky district court of Yekaterinburg found guilty of paragraph 1 of Article 282 and sentenced to 360 hours of mandatory work with deprivation of the right to sermons for three years. The investigation believed that Bayazitov held some prohibited editions in the mosque, although in 2014 he received an official warning for a similar occasion.

In April, the Kurgan City Court justified the former Imam of the city mosque Ali Yakupov, who was accused of part 1 of article 282 in the initiation of hatred or hostility on the basis of belonging to the Social Group "Communists". The reason for the persecution of Yakupov was the fact that the post in Vkontakte that Muslims in China are not allowed to wear hijab, he left a comment in which the Chinese Communists predicted "heavenly". However, the court decided that the appeal to the highest forces could not be a xenophobic appeal. " God himself cannot be a subject of public life, and the appeal to it cannot be considered a call for retail"," The judge emphasized. The prosecutor's office has achieved a revision of the case, and in November the same court again recognized that in the actions of Yakupov did not have a crime, and admitted the right to rehabilitating. Attempts by the prosecutor's office to appeal and this decision did not give results, and in early 2018 the acquittal came into force.

According to our, obviously incomplete, data, in 2017 under Article 20.29 for the distribution of recognized by extremist Islamic religious materials or their storage for the purpose of distribution, at least 12 Muslims were illegally fined. There are also cases of incidentalization of fines under Article 16.13 of the Administrative Code (non-compliance with customs prohibitions) for the attempts of entering into Russia unlawfully forbidden Islamic literature.

During 2017, in the federal list of extremist materials for doubtful, from our point of view, the grounds were included by seven points with Muslim materials, of which five items amounted to the same roller posted on different resources. Another six materials are prohibited and included in our opinion, definitely illegally: this is a brochure "Muhammad the greatest of all. Muhammad - Messenger Allah "Abdurrahman Bin Abdulcarima Ash-Shihi," Selected Hadith "Sheikh Muhammad Yusuf Kandahlavi," piety and god-fearing "Muhammad Zaborquia Kandechlawi," Muslim Creation (Akyda) "Ahmed Said Kalavuza," Islam. Briefly about the main "Fahd Ibn Ahmad Al-Mubarak and" from Schisma in Islam "Abu Khalifa Ali Muhammad Al-Kuduby. All these books do not contain any aggressive appeals against the inferencers, and the approval of the Superiority of Islam in one or another hardened over other religious currents, in our opinion, should not be perceived as the initiation of religious hatred.

Jehovah witnesses

In the first three months of 2017, several communities of Jehovah's witnesses (in Kislovodsk, Gelendzhik, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, Smolensk) were finled at once for the distribution of prohibited religious literature under Article 20.29. The organization of Jehovah's Witnesses in Cherkessk (the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia) was eliminated, a claim was preparing for the liquidation of the community in Kirovo-Chepetsk (Kirov region).

Meanwhile, the head organization of Jehovah's Witnesses - the managerial center of Jehovah's Witnesses in Russia - tried to cancel the abolition of the prevention of extremist activities made in 2016, but in January 2017 Mosgosud approved the decision of the Tver District Court of Moscow, who refused Jehovah's Witnesses in their requirement to recognize the warning illegal.

Next, the events developed rapidly. On March 15, 2017, the Ministry of Justice appealed to the Supreme Court with a claim to eliminate the management center of Jehovah's Witnesses and all 395 of their registered local communities as the subdivisions of the head organization. The claim statement said, in particular, that the management center carries out literature into Russia, which is subsequently recognized as extremist, as well as reprints of prohibited materials, in particular, crushed into smaller editions. The document contained a list of 395 local organizations of Jehovah's Witnesses and a list of communities that were prohibited, as well as appropriate for administrative sanctions. The Ministry of Justice argued that the management center carries out its departments to finance, including those that later fall under the ban, and thus involved in the financing of extremist activities.

At the time of consideration of the lawsuit of the Ministry of Jehovah, the activities of the management center and local communities of Jehovah's Witnesses were suspended, some believers were attracted to the responsibility under Article 20.28 of the Administrative Code (the organization of public or religious association, with respect to which the decision was made to suspend its activities), we counted not Less than five such cases, at least four of them, a fine was imposed.

On April 20, 2017, the Supreme Court satisfied the lawsuit of the Ministry of Justice and issued a decision on the recognition of the management center of Jehovah's Witnesses in Russia by an extremist organization and its liquidation. On July 17, the Appeals Collegium of the Supreme Court rejected the complaint to this decision, after which it came into force. According to the decision, the management center itself and 395 local religious organizations of Jehovah's Witnesses as its structural units are eliminated (on August 17, they were included in the list of extremist organizations at number 62), and their property appeals to the state's income. Jehovah's Witnesses appealed this decision of the Supreme Court in the European Court of Human Rights, he communicated the complaint in December and expressed his intention to consider it in an extraordinary manner.

The consequences of the decision of the Supreme Court did not slow down to affect the position of believers. In Russia, a new wave of persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses immediately rose, and both a judicial and extrajudicial nature. Local divisions of the Ministry of Justice began to eliminate communities (liquidation for extremism, unlike other cases of liquidation, it begins immediately after the decision of the court of first instance) and the withdrawal of their property, new criminal and administrative cases were initiated, a series of illegal dismissal of Jehovah's Witnesses began, pressure is pronounced For children of believers in educational institutions, the military registration and enlistment offices refuse them in the right of the passage of alternative civil service. In addition to the fact that the law enforcement agencies regularly visit the homes of believers with searches, in April and May in the Russian regions passed the wave of acts of vandalism and pogroms: the premises of Jehovah's witnesses were closed by stones, the glass beat the glass, broke the fence, is known and the case of a private house.

We also note a loud process of recognition by extremist books "Sacred Scripture by extremist books. New World Translation "(2015), that is, the Bible in the translation of Jehovah's Witnesses, and the three more brochures (" Bible and her main topic "," Science instead of the Bible? "And" How to Improve Health. Five simple rules "), ended in In the end of August, the prohibition of these materials, despite the obvious inconsistency of the arguments of the prosecutor's office. In December, the Leningrad Regional Court rejected the appeal of four foreign organizations of Jehovah's Witnesses to this decision. No danger of these texts were presented, in this case, the prosecutor's office and the court without adequate grounds went around the law prohibiting the scriptures of world religions to recognize the scriptures of world religions, which is a sad precedent, which opens up the possibility of prohibition and other translations and presentations of the sacred books.

In addition, in November, the federal list of extremist materials was replenished with four more publications of Jehovah's Witnesses: Bulletins "How Jehovah communicates with people" and "Elders, are you trying to train brothers?", Brochure "How I treat blood fractions and medical procedures using your own blood? " and the issue of the magazine "Watchtower" dated June 15, 2015. The decision on the prohibition of materials adopted in August Arsenevsky City Court of Primorsky Krai.

We know about four criminal cases initiated against Jehovah's Witnesses in 2017. In March in Kabardino-Balkaria, the case under Part 1 of Article 282 was opened with respect to the resident of Cool Arkadi Akopian, he was accused of spoke with a speech in which the dignity of representatives of other religions was humiliated and distributed abandoned literature among the unintellites. The court began to consider the case in May. In August, also in Kabardino-Balkaria, a criminal case was initiated in the same article against the head of the Jehovah's Witnesses Community of the city of May Yuri Zalipayev, he was accused of being that in August 2016 he, being warned by the Prosecutor's Office of the May district about the inadmissibility of extremist activities, " in order to initiate hatred against Christian church ministers, entrusted parishioners to distribute copies of the printed publication included in the federal list of extremist materials».

Meanwhile, in August, the Moscow Regional Court has left the acquittal sentence of the Sergiev-Posted City Court in the case of two elders of the local community of Jehovah's Witnesses, which were also accused of initiating religious hatred, only a perfect organized group (paragraph "in" part 2 of Article 282 ). The criminal case against Vyacheslav Stepanov and Andrei Sivak was initiated back in 2013. Believers were accused of the fact that during the meetings, they admitted statements that excite religious hatred, in particular, quoted prohibited witnesses brochures, containing the negative characteristics of other religions, including the "traditional" Christianity and Christian clergymen, and urge to join Jehovah's Witnesses.

In May, the case under part 1 of article 282.1 on the continuation of the activities of the local organization of Jehovah's Witnesses prohibited for extremism back in 2016, was initiated in Orel against the subject of the Kingdom of Dennis Christensen. He was arrested, and the arrest was many times renewed to him. The Memorial Human Rights Center recognized Kristensen political prisoners, and ECHR in September communicated his complaint against criminal prosecution and arrest.

In August, it became known about the initiation of the first criminal case, based on the ban on the management center of Jehovah's Witnesses and 395 of their local communities, and not in the preceding forbars of local organizations. The prosecutor's office in Kursk opened a case under Part 1.1 of Article 282.2 (involvement in the activities of an extremist organization) against a local resident distributed in the market for the Witnesses of Jehovah's Witnesses.

We know about six cases of imposing a fine on Jehovah's Witnesses under Article 20.29 for the distribution of prohibited literature in 2017, although it can be assumed that there were significantly more. If for individuals it was about small amounts, then for communities fined to a total ban on their activities, the amounts reached half a million rubles.

From our point of view, the ban on the literature of Jehovah's Witnesses and the elimination of their organizations for extremism, as well as the persecution of members of their communities, do not have legal grounds and are a manifestation of religious discrimination.

Scientologists

In June, arrests in the case of the Scientology Church of St. Petersburg, initiated under Article 171 of the Criminal Code (illegal entrepreneurship), article 282.1 of the Criminal Code (organization of the extremist community) and Article 282 (excitement of hatred). The Nevsky District Court of St. Petersburg issued a resolution on the arrest of the "spiritual leader" of the organization Ivan Macitsky, the head of the Security Service of Anastasia Terrentieva, Executive Director of the organization of Galina Shurinova and Headbuc Sakhiba Aliyev; The Deputy Terent Terent Constance of Esaulkova was sent under house arrest, Terentteva and Shurinova replaced the conclusion in the SIZO home arrest later. According to investigators, the Scientology Church was engaged in shadow entrepreneurship, selling educational programs and not paying appropriate taxes. In addition, Scientologists accused that they created an extremist community in order to humiliate the dignity of some of its members united in the Social Source Sources. Obviously, we are talking about the category of "potential sources of trouble" used by Scientologists: believers, assigned to it, it is forbidden to participate in the keting, that is, in ritual communication with a consultant, members of the community, it is recommended not to enter into any contacts with external people, attributed to This category. Scientologists from St. Petersburg also imputed to the dissemination of their literature recognized as extremist, and the propaganda of the exclusivity of their own religion.

We consider the persecution of Scientologists on anti-extremist articles unlawful. The rendering of psychological pressure on the part of the Scientology of the Scientology (if there was such a place), which aroused the complaints of the unitedians, refers to the sphere of religious intraference relations (similarly to unaccepting communion) and has nothing to do with the public humiliation of dignity on the basis of belonging to the social group. In relation to external "sources of trouble", Scientology documents also do not suggest any unlawful action. As for the accusation of propaganda, the adepts of any religion consider it exceptional, and the persecution for such allegations is absurd.

Falun Gong

In 2017, at least the followers of the Chinese spiritual practice "Falun Gong", the harmless combination of Gymnastics of Qigong with elements of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and folk beliefs, were attracted to justice.

In May, the Kostinsky District Court of Sochi fined the local resident of Sergei Baldanov for three thousand rubles under Article 20.29 (mass distribution of extremist materials) and confiscated Hongzhi's book "Falun Dafa". Baldanov was found guilty of spreading extremist materials basely.

First, it is prohibited and included in the Federal List of Extremist Materials Treatise Founder Falun Gong Lee Hongzhi "Zhuan Falun", and Falun Dafa is another editorial board; The question of whether she is extremist, no court is resolved. Secondly, the Treatise "Zhuan Falun" was banned in 2011 by the Pervomaic District Court of the Krasnodar Territory on the grounds that it was allegedly promoted by the superiority of adherents of Falun Gong ideology over other people, but from our point of view, no signs of extremism in this The book was not kept (the complaint against the ban "Zhuan Falun" was filed in the ECHR and in 2017 was communicated). Thirdly, the baldans did not spread the book massively, but only gave his copy to the girl, allegedly interested in the exercises, which he performed in the local park. The girl turned out to be a local fighter with the "sects" and led to the FSB officers in the park, and then witnessed in court; Before that, she already gave testimony in the case of Pastora-Pentecost, was fined for the public reading of the Bible in a cafe.

In June, the Abakan city court of the Republic of Khakassia fined two thousand rubles under Article 20.29 Sergey Tuguzhekova. Tugs were brought to justice after in March, law enforcement agencies were withdrawn from him during the meeting, Zhuan Falun treatise, which he read, and another follower practice is a printout of this book. The judge found that the reading of a prohibited book in the circle of Falun Gong followers was its mass distribution.

Prohibition of materials of other religious flows

In 2017, three material related to Judaism entered the federal list. The main claims to them in general were reduced to the fact that they promote the exclusivity and superiority of the Jews over other peoples.

Two of these materials were prohibited in March of the Central District Court of Sochi. The first - Roman "Forcitely baptized" Marcus Leeman (1838-1890), Rabbi, a writer and a public figure from Germany, on the example of the fate of the Polish king, talks about the fate of the Jews who lived in the XIV century. On the territory of Poland and Lithuania, in particular, about their persecution and discrimination. The second is the article of the literary critic and the translator, the teacher of the Jewish University in Jerusalem, a specialist in relations between the Jewish and Russian cultures Zoe Copelman, dedicated to the idea of \u200b\u200bIsrael as the Holy Land in Judaism.

Book of the head of the International Academy Kabbalah "Bnei Baruch" Michael Lightman "Kabbalah. Secret Jewish Teaching. Part X. Fruits of Wisdom "was added to the federal list of extremist materials in April. She was recognized as the Extremist Kirov District Court of Yekaterinburg back in October 2015, in 2016 an attempt to appeal this decision in the regional court did not give results.

From our point of view, there were no grounds for the ban on these materials. The authors of expert opinions that served as the basis for the ban did not take into account the fact that ethnicity is generally inherent in the Jewish religious tradition, in particular, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe mission of the Jewish people and the holiness of the Israeli land for Judaism is essential and inherent.

In February, the Kirovsky District Court of Yaroslavl acknowledged the Extremist Brochure of Effigrous Ilyintsev "Calls to all mortal people to immortality", which was distributed from the main entrance to the city station. The brochure contained approval about the truth of the teachings of Evijist Ilyintsev and the falsity of other faults, but no aggressive appeals were found.

In April, the Book "Flameless Hearts was added to the federal list of extremist materials. Eight women from the underground church and the history of their faith, which has been giving out expensive price, "which was prohibited by the Sevsky District Court of the Bryansk Region in April 2016. The book was published by the International Christian Human Rights Organization "Voice of Martyrs", founded in 1967. It contains eight histories of Christian women, who in different countries of the world were persecuted for faith by other religious groups or the state. Unlike experts, on the basis of the conclusion of which it was decided to recognize the Book of Extremist, we did not find signs of the initiation of religious hostility.

In November, it became known that Pushkinsky District Court of St. Petersburg considers the claim of the city prosecutor's office about the recognition of the Extremist materials of the books of American preacher William Branema (1909-1965). The charitable public organization "Evening Light" is attracted as an interested person to the process, which spreads these editions. In the conclusion of experts, which was based on the basis of a claim for the prohibition of materials, it was said that Bran uses neurolinguistic programming (NLP) techniques, puts his teaching above the teachings of other churches and creates image of enemy"Person" catholic (to which the author relates Orthodox) and Protestant churches", Insulting feelings" relevant groups of clergy and believers", Calling opponents to sectarians and inspirers" the ideas of the inferiority of a person on his religious affiliation" Brane really criticized the activities of the main Christian churches, primarily the Catholic, who, as he believed, will capture power in the United States, but his teaching, lost all popularity, did not prevent any danger.

Pursuit of extremist symbolism

According to the statistics of the judicial department of the Supreme Court, only in the first half of 2017, by article 20.3 of the Administrative Code (Propaganda and public demonstration of Nazi attributes or symbolism, as well as symbols of extremist organizations) were attracted by 910 persons, but only in some of these cases we know the details administrative cases and can judge the degree of their legitimacy. During the year, we noted 46 episodes of bringing to responsibility for the public demonstration of Nazi symbols or symbols of prohibited organizations, obviously not aimed at dangerous propaganda, which is about two and a half times more than a year earlier. Increasingly, this article is applied to assign pressure on unwanted activists authorities.

We give a chain of sanctions as an illustration that were imposed on activists in the Krasnodar Territory. In June, the supporter of Vyacheslav Maltsev, coordinator of protest walks of the ArtProves Movement in Krasnodar Natalia Kudiev received 14 days of arrest under Article 20.3 (on the appeal of the arrest she was reduced to 10 days) for publication in VKontakte Collage with a swastika and Putin's portrait - such Demotivators aimed at criticizing the Russian political course have gained great popularity in the network in 2014. Local blogger Leonid Kudinov made and posted on a network of videos with a story about the arrest of Kudayeva and other persecution under Article 20.3, in particular, noted that patriotic social network users regularly publish images with a swastika without any consequences, and provided appropriate examples. As a result, he was also also brought to justice, and three times: he was fined twice and was arrested once for a day. In October, for the repost of one of Kudinov's rollers, an activist from the Krasnodar Territory of Raisa Weather was sentenced to 10 days of arrest. But on this it did not end. " All December I wrote everything in PM. I have 1,400 friends "VKontakte". Everyone asked, for which I was sitting down. Well, I'm tired of answering everything and decided to write on the wall, so that everyone saw"," The weather was told. For the reasons for his arrest, she attached a link to Kudinov's video and in January 2018 again received 10 days. " I then says the prosecutor, I had to turn off the video, leave only a link"I explained the activist.

Article 20.3 is also punished for publishing images of historical objects. Because of this, for example, antiquary suffer from the advertisement on the sale of items of the Third Reich, accompanied by photos.

Responsibility under Article 20.3 attracts the disinterested connoisseurs of history. Thus, in November, the Krasnoarmeysky District Court of Volgograd fined to a thousand rubles of the senior apparatus of the Kaustik plant Sergey Demidov for placed on the page in Vkontakte the image of the flag of the Third Reich, as well as the attributes of the uniform of the military structures of Nazi Germany. Demidov is interested in the history of the Great Patriotic War, especially by the Stalingrad battle, participated in excavations in the field of fighting in the Volgograd region and published in the social networking photos of finds and various materials both about the Wehrmachte and RCA, on the progress of hostilities and military equipment; The propaganda of Nazism in his intention was clearly not included.

The numerousness of absurd cases of persecution for the demonstration of Nazi symbolism is naturally causing perplexity of the public, in 2017 once again prompted the authorities to think about changing Article 20.3, which we wrote about higher in the "Regulation" section.

Library sanctions

In 2017, the prosecutor's office continued to subjected to the library with sanctions due to contradictions between the Law on Library Business, prescribing not to limit readers' access to funds, and anti-extremist law requiring eliminating the mass distribution of prohibited materials.

We will remind, the prosecutor's offices are presented with libraries a variety of complaints, starting from the fact of the presence of prohibited materials in the funds (usually books), although there are no legitimate grounds for removal of such libraries, and ending with the content of library charters in which the ban on the spread of extremist materials does not specify. Sometimes librarians are fine for the prohibited materials found in the funds under Article 20.29, as if they deliberately distributed them, but we have no information about specific such cases for 2017. A refinery with the sentencing of the criminal article by the former Director of the Library of Ukrainian Literature in Moscow, Natalia Sharic, we described above.

But most often we are talking about prosecutor's protests in relation to library charters and ideas to eliminate violations of the legislation on countering extremist activities, as a result of which libraries are reconciled by literature with the federal list of extremist materials and take disciplinary measures against responsible employees. According to our data, in 2017, at least 155 such sanctions on the management of libraries, including school (in 2016, at least 281) were superimposed. Although our data are obviously incomplete, they allow you to trace the tendency to reduce the number of such sanctions. Apparently, this is due to the fact that library staff mostly sorted out in the peculiarities of existing legislation and began to show high vigilance, allowing prosecutor's checks to be safely overcome.

Internet and anti-extremism

In 2017, the Russian authorities continued to actively use the previously created network content blocking tools. As before, we doubt the validity of the criteria selected by the authorities the selection criteria for blocking and the quality of the mechanisms of this blocking.

Practice blocking

The unified register of prohibited sites, created in 2012, continues to be replenished at the expense of the resources, which contain pornographic information or images, propaganda of drugs, psychotropic substances, as well as information that encourage children to actions capable of causing their health, including calls for suicide. In addition, the registry by the court decision includes resources with information recognized for the disseminated distribution in Russia, including with materials recognized as extremist (or similar).

According to this data available to us (only Roskomnadzor has full information, which is responsible for maintaining the list), in 2017 at least 297 resources blocked "for extremism" on the decision of the courts, while a year earlier - 486 resources.

Separately, we should mention the sites and pages to be blocked by the "Law of Lugovoy", which replenish a special registry on the Roskomnadzor website, created in addition to the unified register of prohibited materials. Recall, until the end of 2017, the law allowed the Prosecutor General's Office to demand from Roskomnadzor immediate, without trial, blocking only sites containing " calls for mass riots, the implementation of extremist activities, inciting inter-ethnic and (or) interfaith rosets, participation in terrorist activities, participation in public mass events conducted with a violation of the established procedure" In December, when the scope of the "Law of Lugovoy" was expanded, which we wrote above, the materials of the unwanted organizations began to block. In our opinion, restricting users' access to sites without trial violates the right to freedom of speech and information.

According to our information (only Roskomnadzor has full data, the register of resources blocked according to the "Law of Lugovoy", for the year increased at least 1,247 points (in 2016 - by 923), that is, its growth rates are not reduced.

We consider it unlawful blocking of the prompting materials and the sites of the opposition orientation, in particular, containing the announcements of peaceful shares; materials and sites of organizations recognized by "undesirable"; materials of regionalists and peaceful separatists; Ukrainian information and analytical materials that are not containing calls for violence and websites of the Ukrainian media; illegally recognized extremist religious and antirefall materials and some of the materials of nationalists; materials and sites associated with illegally prohibited organizations; Materials of comic or satirical character. We are currently at least about several dozen materials both in a single register of prohibited sites, and among those blocked according to the "law of meadow".

We are also concerned about the mass blocking of information on the persecution of the Adepts of the Radical Islamist Party "Hizb ut-Tahrir" in Russia.

We also note that the new anonymizer laws and VPN.-Servisah in 2017 has not yet begun to be applied, but the Russian courts continued to satisfy the claims of the prosecutor's office about the blocking of sites-anonymizers; We know about several dozens of such solutions. Prosecutors justified their requirements in that with such services, the Internet users can access extremist materials. However, the anonymisers themselves do not contain any prohibited information, and their blocking, in our opinion, is illegal.

Other sanctions

For the low quality content-filtering under Article 6.17 of the Administrative Code ("Violation of the legislation on the protection of children from information causeing their health and (or) development") were illegally fined at least 12 individuals and legal entities, among them the school administration, cafes and owners Even one bank.

Educational institutions and libraries are still often faced with the claims of prosecutors. All their computers must be equipped with filters closing access to prohibited information, including extremist materials. In case the user protection system does not work or works in defective (despite the fact that the ideal filters simply does not happen), the prosecution authorities make ideas not to the developer and software provider, but directors of educational institutions and libraries, after which the "guilty" attracts to the disciplinary responsibility.

The number of checks marked in educational institutions (schools, technical schools, etc.) and libraries and various types of prosecutor's response acts in 2017 amounted to 53, that is, about as much as in 2016 (59), but strongerly less than in 2015 (344). Our data is certainly incomplete, but suggest that under pressure from the prosecutor's Office, educational institutions have been paid to the effective attention of the effectiveness of content filtering systems.

Media and anti-extremism

In the report on its activities for the first nine months of 2017, Roskomnadzor reports on 16 warnings issued during this period of media for violation of Article 4 of the Media Law (the inadmissibility of the abuse of freedom of the media) in combination with violation of the law "On Countering Extremist Activity". However, which editions received a warning and for what exactly the department does not report.

We only know about one such warning: I received a magazine in May THE NEW TIMES.for the publication of the material Pavel Nikulina "from Kaluga with Jihad". Roskomnadzor found that in an interview with Nikulina with a fighter forbidden in Russia, Jebhat An-Nusra organization contained signs of justifying terrorism. From our point of view, Nikulina's material contained incitement appeals, and there were no reasons for sanctions against the publication. However, in June, the World Court of Plot No. 367 of the Tver District of Moscow fined THE NEW TIMES. For this publication by 100 thousand rubles in part 6 of article 13.15 of the Administrative Code (the release of media products, publicly justifying terrorism), and the previously made prevention of the editorial office managed to challenge.

In June, the next curious case of application of Article 13.15 also occurred, only its other part 2, which punishes the dissemination of information about the organization included in the list of prohibited, without mentioning its prohibition. The court of the Soviet district of the Republic of Crimea was fined two thousand activists of the Crimean National Movement of Rusthem Mennovan for the fact that in November 2016 he made on his page in Facebook. repost congratulations to Mustafa Dzhemileva happy birthday posted in Facebook. Majlis of the Crimean Tatar people. In the text in Ukrainian and Crimean Distribution, Majlis was mentioned, but his ban was not mentioned. Meanwhile, the organization was included in the list of prohibited only in February 2017. In addition, the publication does not fall under Article 13.15, which could only be applied to the materials of the media and blogs with an audience exceeding three thousand users.

The above-mentioned report of Roskomnadzor also states that for the first nine months of 2017, the department sent 105 calls to the requirements of network media 105 with the requirements to remove reader comments from their pages with signs of extremism.

We could not familiarize themselves with all hundreds of more comments, but, in particular, in August, such an appeal received the Network Edition of Oryol News. The letter of agency contained the requirement to remove, in order to avoid blocking the site according to the "law of meadow", the comment left by the reader under the publication "An Oll official made a race from the NTV film crew. Short retelling. The editorial office fulfilled the requirements of the department. As it turned out, Roskomnadzor saw " signs of appeals to the violent change in the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation"In the anecdote that if a couple of times to appoint a government and shoot, then the" normal politicians "express the desire to work in it.

Some statistics

According to the Center "Owl", in 2017, for violent crimes on the motive of hatred, at least 10 sentences were made against 24 people, for vandalism on ideological considerations - three sentences against five people, for the real propaganda of hate - 213 sentences against 228 people. Running these figures, we must clarify that our data are somewhat diverted with the real number of sentences, which is reflected in the statistics annually published by the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, since we will only learn about those sentences that are reported by the press, law enforcement agencies, courts, The convicts themselves and their defenders, etc., and such information appears not always. In addition, we note that in relation to part of cases we have not enough information to assess the legitimacy of sentences. Sometimes we can argue that the incriminated statements were indeed illegal, but their social danger is clearly insignificant. Nevertheless, it seems to us important to give the reader the opportunity to identify at least an approximate relationship between the persecution for the crime of hatred and the unreasonable application of anti-extremist norms.

Below, in this chapter, we present the results of calculating court decisions and newly excited criminal cases, which seem to us at all unlawful or cause substantial complaints. Consider this category of sentences under the articles of the Criminal Code (Cases themselves are considered in the relevant chapters of the report).

We consider 10 senses against 10 people issued in 2017 under Article 282 of the Criminal Code (in 2016 - 11 against 11). These are sentences to the former director of the library of Ukrainian literature in Moscow Natalia Sharic for the storage of prohibited Ukrainian materials in the library, Kaluzanin Roman Grishin for the republish of a video with a criticism of Russian politics against Ukraine, Airat Shakirov from Tatarstan for publishing a video from a rally against the arbitrariness of Silovikov, Davo Nuriev (Reiper "Ptaha") from Moscow for talking against the representatives of the AntiDiler's movement, bloggers Ruslan Sokolovsky from Yekaterinburg for the initiation of hatred for Orthodox, Muslims and representatives of a number of social groups, neo-language Natalia Tellage from Barnaul for the initiation of hatred for Orthodox and comes from the Caucasus, Bashkir activist Sagita Ismagilov for the publication of a passage from an ancient poem with sharp statements about the Tatars of the Golden Horde, the teacher from Vladivostok for the humiliating statements to the Russians on the volleyball court, as well as Russian nationalists - Mikhail Pokalchuk from Gorokhovets for the initiation of hatred With respect to the social group "Anti-Fascist" and Vladimir Tymoshenko, convicted in St. Petersburg for the initiation of hatred in respect of civil servants. Large doubts have caused criminal prosecution of another 6 people convicted of this article. With eight people in 2017, the court or consequence was withdrawn unlawful, from our point of view, accusations under Article 282, this is more than in 2016.

In 2017, at least 14 criminal cases were initiated against 15 people under Article 282, which did not have time to reach the court and which we refer to illegal. These numbers are less than a year earlier (about two and a half dozen).

As part 1 of article 148 of the Criminal Code, which punishes the insult of the feelings of believers, in 2017, according to our data, unreasonably five sentences were made against five people (a year earlier - five against six). To those we belong to the verdict to Yekaterinburg blogger Ruslan Sokolovsky for the publication of the rollers of atheistic content, and four sentences for the publication of pictures in social networks: Natalia Tellage from Barnaul - for Anti-Christian demotivators, the inhabitant of Omutninsk - for atheistic pictures, Sochitsa Viktor Otherime - for the caricature images of Christ (verdict He was canceled in early 2018), a resident of Belgorod for the photographs on which she chilled from the candle in the Orthodox church. As a year earlier, we celebrate the unlawful initiation of five new criminal cases on this article.

According to Article 354.1 of the Criminal Code ("Justification of Nazism") in 2017, according to our information, not a single wrong sentence was made (in 2016 we counted two). There were two new things on this article without any reason - in Magadan and Volgograd, and in Volgograd, the case of the local headquarters of Navalny Alexei Volkova, the court returned to the prosecutor's office for revenue.

Under Article 280 of the Criminal Code in 2017, as in 2016, one sentence was wrong - the Volunteer of the Cheboksarsky Staff of Navalny Alexei Mironov was sentenced to real deprivation of freedom (in combination with Article 282) for anti-government statements on the network, which, for our The look did not imagine dangers. We also note the unusual caisis of the Astrakhan nationalist Igor Stenina, who in 2016 received a real period of imprisonment for the call for the destruction of some "Kremlin occupiers" on the territory of Ukraine: in 2017, Steven was first acquitted and released by the Supreme Court, and then by decision of the same court His case was returned to a new consideration, and he was again convicted. One of the cases, excited by a year earlier and caused by our doubt - against the activist of the "left block" Danila Alfrieva from Ulyanovsk - in 2017 was closed.

Article 280.1 of the Criminal Code of Separatism in 2017, as in 2016, one undisposed sentence was made in relation to the deputy chairman of the prohibited Majlis of the Crimean Tatar people Ilmi died, who was soon released and sent to Turkey. We had doubts about the verdict of the Buryat activist and blogger Vladimir Hagdaev for calls for the branch of Buryatia from Russia. We do not have information about new affairs initiatively initiated under this article in 2017 (three such cases were initiated earlier).

In 2017, as in 2016, the courts did not bring any unlawful sentence under Article 282.1 of the Criminal Code. However, on this article, at least one thing was unreasonably initiated - against the five members of the Church of the Scientology of St. Petersburg.

According to Article 282.2 of the Criminal Code in 2017, 11 illegal sentences were issued against 32 people (a year earlier than this article, according to our data, one person was convicted, that is, there is a significant increase in the number of sentences for involvement in the activities of prohibited organizations). For the organization of cells of the prohibited Islamic movement "Tables of Jamaat" or participation in their activities, seven sentences were issued against 19 people, many of which received real dates of imprisonment (in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Altai Territory, Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow). Another four sentence against the nine people was made to Muslims studying the books of Said Nursi, on charges of participating in non-existent, but nevertheless, the prohibited organization "Nurdzhular" (in Bashkortostan, Dagestan, Amur region). Finally, in Moscow, four people were convicted in the case of the organization IPR "Call". In 2017, seven new cases on this article were unreasonably initiated against at least 14 people (in 2016 we counted six such cases against ten people).

Separately, outside the general statistics, we note the sentences by the followers of Hizb ut-Tahrir, which we consider illegal in the part relating to the composition of anti-terrorist articles (205.2 or 205.5). Such sentences in 2017 were issued 14 against 37 people (in 2016 - 19 against 37). In two of these cases, two people were charged and under part 1 of article 30 and article 278 of the Criminal Code, that is, in the preparation of the coup, from our point of view, is also wrongful. At least 42 people were arrested in 2017 on charges presented in nine criminal cases of involvement in Hizb ut-Tahrir (in 2016 more than two dozen such cases were initiated against more than seven dozen people).

In addition, we have doubts about the justification of the sentence under Article 205.2 of the Criminal Code (public justification of terrorism), with respect to Imam of the Moscow mosque "Yardies" Mahmoud Velitova, sentenced to three years in a colony of a common regime for the memorial speech by the dead follower "Hizb Ut- Tahrir, "allegedly justifying terrorist activities.

In 2017, according to our data, as in 2016, not a single unlawful sentence was made under articles 213 and 214 of the Criminal Code ("hooliganism" and "vandalism"), taking into account the motive of hatred and no new similar cases were initiated.

So, in 2017, 26 unlawful senses in 2017 were issued in 2017 (not counting the Hizb ut-Tahrir cases), i.e., much more people were wrong than a year earlier, when 19 sentences against 20 people. Note that most of the convicts are followers of prohibited religious organizations. We also know about 30 new criminal cases initiated during this period without due reasons for approximately 40 people. In 2016, according to our latest data, about 40 cases were initiating about 44 people.

Before switching to our data in the field of applying the ADM articles aimed at combating extremism, we recall that the number of persecution cases on these articles is measured by hundreds (as follows, according to the statistics of the judicial department of the Supreme Court, only in the first half of 2017 under Article 20.3 of the COAP was 910 persons punished, under Article 20.29 of the Administrative Code - 911 persons), but only dozens of cases we have information that it has served as a reason for persecution, and we have the opportunity to assess the degree of legality such.

We regard as an illegal persecution of 46 cases of bringing to responsibility for a public demonstration of Nazi or other prohibited symbols, that is, under Article 20.3 of the Administrative Code (in 2016, we counted 17). In all cases, it was discussed on individuals, and in some, the same persons were brought to justice again. In 29 cases, a fine was appointed, in 10 - administrative arrest, three cases were discontinued in the court of first instance, the outcome of four more cases is unknown.

According to our information, for the mass distribution of extremist materials or for storage for such a distribution, that is, under Article 20.29, 30 persons were illegally punished, 26 physical and four legal (in 2016 there were no less than 36). We know that in 29 of these cases, the courts were appointed a penalty as a punishment, in one - administrative arrest. Among those attracted to responsibility are Muslims of different currents, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Adepts of the Chinese Spiritual Practice Falun Gong, public activists and ordinary citizens. As a rule, these people were not engaged in the mass spread of prohibited materials.

In addition, we are increasingly noting the appointment of fines under Article 16.13 of the Administrative Code (non-compliance with customs prohibitions) for the attempts of entering Russia unlawful forbidden religious literature.

Under Article 20.28, the Administrative Code for the continuation of the organization's activities during the suspension of its activities was fined at least four Jehovah's Witnesses, with respect to the fifth outcome of the case of the case, unknown.

For the low quality content-filtering under Article 6.17 of the Administrative Code ("Violation of the legislation on the protection of children from information causeing their health and (or) development") were illegally fined at least 12 individuals and legal entities - in most cases, speech on school administrations and cafe owners. The number of fines known to us on this article coincided with last year.

The federal list of extremist materials was replenished for 330 points, while in 2016 - by 785 points, i.e., the rates of growth decreased more than twice. Obviously, such an effect gave an order of the Prosecutor General's Office from 2016, according to which only prosecutors of the subjects of the subjects of the Federation may apply to the recognition of materials by extremist.

We consider certainly unlawful inclusion in the list of at least eight points with various non-hazardous opposition materials (of which five - from Ukrainian sites), five points with the materials of Jehovah's Witnesses, one item with the Brochure of Erichi Ilintsev, seven points with anti-Religious materials, six points with Muslim materials, one point, which included a book about Christians who were subjected to persecons for faith, three points with two books and articles of Jewish authors, one point with the text about false patriotism, one point with a roller, sliced \u200b\u200bfrom the documentary about the Nats Skinheads and Antifa, as well as five points with various satirical materials, total 38 points (against 25, obviously wrongfully listed in 2016). In addition, we had doubts about the justification of the prohibition of Muslim materials, which made seven more points. We add that we are familiar not with all materials from the federal list and do not exclude that the prohibitions of those of which are unknown to us, can also be unjustified.

The list of organizations prohibited in Russia for extremism, in 2017, were replenished with the unlawfully recognized extremist Majlis of the Crimean Tatar people and the local religious organization of Jehovah's Witnesses in Birobidzhan, as well as Jehovah's Witness Management Center in Russia and not previously prohibited 395 local organizations of Jehovah's Witnesses, The list of the list, and the Naberedochelinsky branch of the All Stattail Public Center.

In 2017, our work on this topic was supported by the Norwegian Helsinki Committee, an International Human Rights Partnership and the Federal Republic of Germany. On December 30, 2016, ROO Center "Owl" was forcibly submitted by the Ministry of Justice in the Register of Non-Profit Organizations Performing Functions of the Foreign Agent. We do not agree with this decision and argue it.

Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 11 "On judicial practice in criminal cases on crimes of extremist orientation" // The Owl Center. 2011. June 29.

Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation N 41 On issues of judicial practice in criminal cases of terrorist and extremist orientation // Center "Owl". 2016. November 28.

If we consider the requirements of AVN from the point of view of Art. The 17 European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which the Convention does not protect actions aimed at excessive restriction of human rights provided by it, it can be said that AVN called for such a limitation. But it is unlikely that the proposed limit can be considered so radical in order to arise in the ban on the organization.

We, as a rule, do not consider cases under Art. 282.2 of the Criminal Code (organization of the activities of the extremist organization or participation in such) against the supporters of Hizb ut-Tahrir to illegal. Our position is based, in particular, on the decision of the ECHR on the activities of Hizb ut-Tahrir, made as a supplement to the decision on the complaint of two convict members of the Organization on the actions of the Russian authorities. Esph stated that although neither the teaching nor the practice of Hizb ut-Tahrir does not allow the party of terrorist and it directly does not call for violence, prohibiting it as an extremist organization would be justified because it involves the overthrow of some existing political systems in the future Establishment of a ball-based dictatorship is characterized by anti-Semitism and radical anti-Israelic propaganda (for which "Hizb ut-Tahrir", in particular, was banned in Germany in 2003), as well as a categorical rejection of democracy and human rights and recognition of violence Against the countries that the party considers as aggressors against the "Land Islam". The objectives of Hizb ut-Tahrir explicitly contradict the values \u200b\u200bof the European Convention on Human Rights, in particular, commitment to the peaceful settlement of international conflicts and the inviolability of human life, recognition of civil and political rights, democracy. Activities for such purposes are not protected by the European Convention on Human Rights.

Consolidated statistical information on the activities of federal courts of general jurisdiction and global judges in the first half of 2017 // The Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. 2017.

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• interactive games for preschoolers;
• interactive games for schoolchildren.

Due to this teacher and educators can easily prepare for classes, focusing on the topic and features of their wards. And if necessary, remake the ready-made interactive game for your own needs, using the ability to edit.

Interactive Games for kindergarten

Interactive games in kindergarten is:

• assistance in the socialization of children;
• assistance in adapting new children in the group;
• an effective way to establish communication between children;
• Development of small motility
• General development of children (colors, forms, score, classification, etc.)
• Development of engineering thinking
• Study of causal relationships
• Psychological unloading
• effective way to raise or calm children.

Interactive games in Dow become the first controlled step in the acquaintance of children with interactive equipment, without which it is difficult to present modern life. The conscious use and demonstration of teachers of all the features of the programs will learn to children competently apply their knowledge in practice. And also helps the teacher correctly position the computer for the child. Baby, performing various tasks, begin to treat a computer either just like to the toy, but even more understand that this is a serious tool that in the future will be for them an assistant assistant and work. All cognitive interactive games have their wide and constantly replenished database of educational information to build lessons. With the help of a number of teachers' programs, I can create interactive lessons on any topics for children of any age category from scratch. This allows you to create the best interactive games, while all content is proven, high-quality and complies with the federal state educational standard.

Interactive Games for Primary School

Interactive game for primary classes is:

• method to make lessons more exciting;
• assistance in child adaptation to school;
• possibility for the teacher to create your own games and apply author methods
• the way to demonstrate as acquired knowledge can be used in life;
• great way to focus the attention of children.

Interactive games for younger students are becoming an integral part of education in elementary school. The use of modern technologies already in junior class allows you to form confidence in your abilities in children, the lack of fear make an error and the desire to continue to develop your advanced users skills. Students constantly contacting complex computer equipment, honed the skills that a modern child should have, who can be called a person of the future. And the person of the future must be with a computer on "you". After all, for him it is not just a tool for performing work tasks, and this is an integral part of his life that surrounds it everywhere.

Therefore, an interactive game for elementary school is a universal child development tool immediately in several directions, each of which has not only theoretical, but also practical significance. And also helps him faster and easier to adapt to school.

It's no secret that, from the variety of interactive equipment, the most popular at school is a set of an interactive whiteboard. This solution has long established itself as reliable and efficient equipment. But the problem arises using this equipment in the educational process due to the lack of necessary materials. But now the All-Russian Educational Portal of Owl solves this problem. On this resource, teachers can find a mass of materials that can be used as ready presentations for an interactive board. And if there is a desire, then turn these presentations into interactive games for the class, and work with interactive equipment at 100%. One of the main advantages is that these classes, games and presentations are created by their colleagues - practitioner teachers and methodologies of schools and kindergartens from all over Russia, taking into account approved standards.

Image Caption. Maria Kravchenko, Alexander Verkhovsky and Andrei Soldatov are waiting for new repression, especially on the Internet.

The creation of the Russian authorities during 2013 new mechanisms of repression, including on the Internet, makes the fear of a serious occurrence of the network and this year, write specialists of the Owl Center in the new report on the illegal use of anti-extremist legislation.

Analysts believe that Internet censorship in Russia is actually already valid.

The information and analytical center "Owl" writes in the report promulgated on Tuesday that for 2013 the Russian authorities, fearing the new lift of the opposition movement, took seven laws, the declared goal of which is to counter terrorism, extremism and incitement of the retail. In fact, they are often used or can be used as mechanisms of repression against any dissenters.

"All this together creates concerns of serious growth in the scope of repressive law enforcement in the coming 2014, especially, taking into account the exacerbation of the foreign policy situation and acute controversy around it in the country," Owl writes. "For us it is obvious that the tightening of legislation and the expansion of authorities. The authorities will inevitably lead to the multiplication of abuses in the application of anti-extremist laws. "

The propensity of the authorities to such abuses of analysts proves examples from 2013 - emphasizing, however, that cases of criminal prosecution on "anti-extremist law" last year were less than in 2012.

Blog block

We can absolutely correctly say that Russia absolutely coincides with Chinese by regulating and controlling the Internet Andrei Soldatov
Editor-in-Chief Agentura.ru.

In the information sphere, the Russian state in 2013 adopted a potentially repressive law on extrajudicial blocking of sites with "calls to extremist activities", including calls for unauthorized mass events. Under this pretext, this year three opposition sites and blog Alexei Navalny were blocked.

In July, the sensational law "On insulting the feelings of believers" entered into force in July, initiated after the Pussy Riot case.

As noted by the head of the Owl Center, Alexander Verkhovsky, presenting a report, until now, not a single sentence of this law - more precisely, the amendments to the Criminal Code - not made and not foreseen.

What tightened in 2013

• Increased prison terms up to 10 years - under articles 280 and 282 for "calls for extremist activity", "participation in the extremist community", "excitation of hatred and hostility" - amendments entered into force in February 2014.
• From November, the Criminal Code has introduced articles about the "organization of the terrorist community and participation in it", as well as about the "passage of training in order to carry out terrorist activities."
• Since December, the prohibition law entered into force "Propaganda separatism" .
• In June 2013, the president signed a law that did not cause special noise in the press, but which experts are also considered indicative: all Russian banks have obliged to block accounts and operations of organizations and persons who are suspected of involvement in extremism and terrorism.

"It seems that it is not clear to us, how to apply it. Soon a year, and not a single sentence ... What does this law guarantees, what the people who took this law were guided," Verkhovsky said, adding it to the same reflections he gave him And just adopted by the State Duma "The Law on the Rehabilitation of Nazism".

Finally, another potentially repressive law in the religious sphere, also signed by the president in early July, prohibits accused of extremism or suspected of terrorism to be not only the organizer, but also a "participant of the religious organization". Verkhovsky notes that the legislation does not describe "participation in a religious organization": a person who came to pray to the church or mosque - he "participant" of this "organization" or not?

Convicted less

Representing the statistics of unlawful, from the point of view of "owls", sentences on anti-extremist articles, the main author of the report Maria Kravchenko noted that the number of these sentences did not change compared with 2012, and the number of convicts was halved.

So, in many criticized 282nd Article of the Criminal Code for the year "Owl" counted six illegal sentences and six convicts.

Maria Kravchenko led the example of the leader of the Unregistered National Democratic Party of Konstantin Krylov, convicted of mandatory work for speaking at the rally "Enough to feed the Caucasus."

"The speech was offensive, but in our opinion, it did not have enough grounds in order to endure a sentence in a criminal article," said Kravchenko.

Special attention, according to analysts, the Russian authorities have recently pay the Internet.

"There is a feeling that the anti-extremist law enforcement is generally shifted to the virtual sphere," said Kravchenko. According to her estimates, the number of "anti-extremist" sentences for the materials posted in the network in 2013 increased by a third. At the same time, the 131 sentence of analysts of Owls with reservations are considered legitimate, and three sentences, as well as nine new excited cases - illegal.

Already as in China

Experts celebrate new steps of the authorities: blocking sites, making sites and materials in the "black list" of Roskomnadzor and other measures.

"2013 was the first year that we lived in the conditions of Internet censorship," said Andrei Soldatov, chief editor of the Agents.ru site.

According to him, at the beginning, the introduction of a "black list" of sites and materials was due to the need to protect children from pornography and propaganda of drugs and suicide. Now the soldiers already counted four "blacklists", which make up the authorities, including not only sites with child pornography at all.

"The state received a technological bridgehead, and then it began to apply it to the most different reasons," says soldiers. In his opinion, the position in the field of control over the Internet in Russia is already very close to Chinese, and taking into account the measures discussed now - and at all just the same.

"We can absolutely correctly say that Russia absolutely coincides with Chinese by regulating and controlling the Internet," said Andrei Soldatov, referring to the proposals, which, according to Kommersant newspaper, is preparing a working group under the President of Russia.

Among the public organizations that the presidential grants received at the end of October, there was also an unsuitable "owl". This is an information and analytical center that is officially engaged in the study of the problems of nationalism and xenophobia, relations between religion and society, political radicalism, as well as the protection of human rights in Russia. The organization was created, according to various sources, in 2002 or 2003, on the initiative of two other NPOs: "Moscow Helsinki Group" (MHG) and the Panorama Information and Research Center. The director of the "owl" is Alexander Verkhovsky. He was the initiator of the "Panorama" back in 1994. The latter grew out of the Samizdat magazine with the same name and deals with research of radical political flows in Russia.

For the prehistory of both organizations, it is characteristic that there are still young future oppositionists around them, for example, Sergey Mitrokhin. One of the founders of the "owl" was also Vladimir Profitovsky. He was a member of the initiative group on nomination of the president of the former dissident, the writer Vladimir Bukovsky, who lives in the UK. In the same group, Vladimir Kara-Murza-ml was consisted., Viktor Shenderovich and others. And at the beginning of zero to Bukovsky flew Boris Nemtsov to coordinate the further operations of the opposition. The writer then urged Nemtsov to take a radical position against Vladimir Putin. By the way, this spring Bukovsky in London was suspected of pedophilia. He is accused of five cases of manufacturing and five cases of storing obscene children's images. It is these people who surround such public organizations at all of their existence.

Well, before the "owl", she became famous for its publications in defense of Chechens. From its point of view, the Russian Armed Forces during the two Chechen campaigns did not fight with criminal bands at all, and conducted a methodological policy of the local government genocide. With these conclusions, they always agreed in the "panorama", and in the Memorial (we wrote about him recently), and in MHG. However, the Chechen question in this section no longer causes special interest among funds financing "owl" or "panorama". And, if you believe the annual reports of the organization, then it is really a scientific side of the issue now. Reports on various manifestations of xenophobia, radical nationalism, as well as non-compliance with human rights in Russia are published and discussed.

Finanted "Owl", in general, as well as other NGOs recognized by foreign agents. Money comes from non-governmental funds, most often American, but sometimes European. Among others, the following grantors are indicated on the official website of the organization: Open Society Foundations and Henry Jackson, "National Democracy Foundation", as well as the British Embassy and various European sources of income. For example, the "National Democracy Foundation" (NFD) explains the need to finance non-commercial organizations in Russia:

The "National Fund for Democracy" continues to actively work with public organizations in Russia to support the vital areas of life of Russian society. "

As far as "are vital" those public organizations that are sponsored by NFD, the subject of acute discussion. However, further in their arguments, the Foundation uses all the submitted paints of dark tones to describe the difficult share of NGOs in Russia.

But the "owl" takes money not only from foreign funds. For several years in a row, the organization receives presidential grants. This is what the director of owls Alexander Verkhovsky thinks about them.

"We still, being a non-governmental organization, which sometimes criticizes the authorities for certain actions, cannot be financed a hundred percent," he said in one of the interviews published on the Sovie website.

In the same conversation, Verkhovsky expresses its dissatisfaction with the law on foreign agents. And promises that in his will he will not fulfill him. In general, he does not comply with this law. But he still has time until January 1, 2016. In favor of the "owl" you can only say that it is not shy to indicate on your site a list of funds supplying it with money. But, unfortunately, the financial issue is not properly successful. The portal of the Ministry of Justice, where we had drawn information about the financial component of the activities of various NGOs, does not have the reports of the owl. Therefore, we can only guess the scale of financing the organization.

The sphere of interests of the Information and Analytical Center "Owl" - the problems of nationalism and xenophobia, the relationship between religion and society, political radicalism, (no) rooting of liberal values \u200b\u200band (no) respect for human rights in our country.

Application for the creation of the Owl Center:

The Information and Analytical Center "Owl" was founded in October 2002 by a group of employees of the Panorama Information Research Center and the Moscow Helsinki Group, and we are grateful to these organizations for help in our formation.

Why did another center needed? "Panorama" since its foundation in 1989 paid special attention to the topic of nationalism. At the thirteenth year of the existence of "Panorama" it would be more accurate to say that the theme of nationalism and xenophobia, religious and social relations, political radicalism - this is quite independent directions of work. There was a feeling that it will be more effective to institutionalize this direction. On the other hand, in recent years, cooperation has been established on this subject with a number of human rights organizations, which changed the focus itself somewhat.

Owl continues the research work "Panorama" on the areas listed above. We are also interested in human rights as a whole, the prospects for rooting liberal values \u200b\u200bin our country. We are implementing and planning information, research and educational projects. The main part of them is developing mainly on the Internet, but others find something or otherwise reflected on this site. Owl builds its work in collaboration with human rights organizations, including regional, but also with colleagues and press.

Our projects at the end of 2003 are presented in the N32 magazine "Incomprehensible Stock".
The site was created with the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation.

The main sections of the site of the Owl Center:
Religion B. light society:	Events Discussions Publications
Nationalism and xenophobia:	Countering radical nationalism Language of hostility in the Russian media Our publications Anti-Semitism Against hatred on the Internet
Democracy under siege:	Practice Ideology Discussion Publications Barometer democracy Archive
Guest book About the center "Owl" News center Owl English Search

Subscribe to newsletters on the projects of the Owl Center:
The main projects of the Center are mailing announcements of new materials. The subscription on them is carried out at the same time.
Newsletter on the project "Religion in a secular society" - daily on weekdays.
Newsletter on projects of the section "Nationalism and xenophobia" - daily.
Mailing on the draft "Democracy in the Siege" - daily.

Contact
Center Center - Alexander Verkhovsky .
Deputy. Directors - Galina Kozhevnikova .
Address - [Email Protected]

See also on the Demoskope "Travel over the Internet".

See also other demographic subject sites in.