Octopus self-propelled unit. Self-propelled anti-tank gun "Sprut-SD. Serial production and modifications

creations

Self-propelled anti-tank gun 2S25 "Octopus-SD" was created in the early 90s. on an extended (two rollers) base of the BMD-3 airborne combat vehicle by the Volgograd Tractor Plant joint-stock company, and the artillery unit for it - at the N9 artillery plant (Yekaterinburg). In contrast to the Sprut-B towed artillery system, the new self-propelled guns received the name Sprut-SD ("self-propelled", "landing").

Initially intended for the Airborne Forces and designed for parachute landing with a crew from the Il-76 military transport aircraft, the gun is currently being offered to the Marine Corps in order to provide anti-tank and fire support during landing operations.

One of its first presentations took place on May 8, 2001 at the Prudboy tank training ground of the North Caucasian Military District for representatives of the power ministries of Russia and foreign military-diplomatic corps from 14 foreign states of Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa and South America.

Purpose

The 125-mm self-propelled anti-tank gun 2S25 "Octopus-SD" is designed to destroy equipment, including armored vehicles, and enemy manpower when operating as part of ground and airborne troops, as well as marines.

Outwardly, it looks like a conventional tank and combines the capabilities of an airborne amphibious assault combat vehicle with a main battle tank. Outwardly, the Sprut-SD is no different from a conventional tank and has no analogues abroad.

Key Features

According to experts, the new self-propelled guns, in appearance and firepower, are comparable to a tank, are characterized by the maneuverability of the airborne BMD-3 and have no analogues abroad. In addition, the Sprut-SD is equipped with a unique hydropneumatic chassis that allows the combat vehicle to move smoothly and quickly in off-road conditions at speeds up to 70 km per hour, which significantly improves the conditions for firing on the move.

In addition, "Octopus-SD" is able to overcome water obstacles at a speed of up to 10 km per hour afloat. This was confirmed by tests in the North Sea, when, during a storm of up to 3 points, the BM confidently fired at designated targets. The machine can land from cargo ships onto the water surface and independently return to the ship. The noted and other qualities, together with the circular rotation of the turret and the stabilization of weapons in two planes, make it possible to use the Sprut-SD as a light amphibious tank.

General device

The hull of the BM is divided into a control compartment (front part), a fighting compartment with a turret (middle part) and an engine-transmission compartment (stern part).

In the stowed position, the vehicle commander is to the right of the driver, and the gunner is to the left. Each crew member has observation devices built into the roof with day and night channels. The commander's combined sight is stabilized in two planes and combined with a laser sight for aiming 125-mm projectiles along the laser beam. The gunner's sight with a laser rangefinder is stabilized in the vertical plane.

125 mm 2A75 smoothbore gun is the main armament of the self-propelled guns "Octopus-SD". The gun was created on the basis of the 125-mm 2A46 tank gun, which is installed on the T-72, T-80 and T-90 tanks. When mounted on a lighter chassis, the gun was equipped with a new type of recoil device, providing a rollback of no more than 700 mm. The high-ballistic smoothbore gun installed in the fighting compartment is equipped with a computerized fire control system from the commander's and gunner's workplaces, which are functionally interchangeable.

As an auxiliary armament, the Sprut-SD self-propelled guns are equipped with a 7.62-mm machine gun coaxial with a cannon with an ammunition load of 2000 rounds loaded in one belt.

The gun without a muzzle brake is equipped with an ejector and a heat-insulating casing. Stabilization in the vertical and horizontal planes allows you to fire 125-mm cartridge-separate ammunition. "Sprut-SD" can use all types of 125-mm domestic ammunition, including armor-piercing piercing feathered shells and tank ATGMs. The gun's ammunition load (40 125-mm rounds, 22 of them in the automatic loader) can include a laser-guided projectile that can hit a target located at a distance of up to 4000 m. The gun can fire afloat with waves up to 3 points in a sector of ±35 hail., maximum rate of fire - 7 rounds per minute.

A horizontal carousel-type gun loader is installed behind the machine's turret. It is a combination of units and mechanisms - a rotating conveyor with 22 shots ready for immediate use, a chain mechanism for lifting a cassette with a shot, a mechanism for removing spent pallets with a catcher, a chain rammer for a shot from a cassette into a gun, a drive for the ejection hatch cover and a movable tray, electromechanical gun stopper at the loading angle, control unit. Cassettes with shells and charges placed separately in them are installed in the automatic loader conveyor at an angle equal to the gun loading angle. When loading, a projectile is first fed into the breech of the gun, then a propellant charge in a semi-combustible cartridge case. In case of failure of the automatic loader, it is possible to load the gun manually.

To provide increased recoil, the automatic loader has an extended cassette lifter frame. The mechanism for trapping and removing spent pallets makes it possible, when a spent pallet passes through it, to temporarily block the back side of the end part of the gun breech. This allows, during the subsequent movement of the spent pallet, the cleaning system to blow air through the breech area of ​​the gun and crew jobs using a rotating device. In the lower part of the fighting compartment, an automatic loader conveyor rotating around a vertical axis is installed, allowing crew members to move inside the vehicle from the fighting compartment to the control compartment and back along the sides of the hull.

fire control system includes a gunner's sighting system (night and day sights with vertical stabilization of the field of view, a digital ballistic computer, a laser rangefinder); commander's sight combined with the function of a day/night sight with a laser rangefinder and a stabilized field of view in two planes, as well as a targeting device for guided missiles of the 9K119M complex; a set of sensors for automatic correction taking into account atmospheric parameters, charge temperature, barrel wear and curvature, etc.

A computerized fire control system from the commander's workplace provides observation of the terrain with a stabilized field of view, target search and target designation using the optical system of the commander's sight; combining in the commander's sight the functions of launching and controlling a rocket with aimed firing of artillery shells; duplication of the ballistic computing device of the gunner's instrument complex; autonomous switching on and control of guidance drives and automatic gun loader; operational transfer of control of the complex from the gunner to the commander and vice versa.

Power point and the chassis has much in common with the BMD-3, the base of which was used in the development of the 2S25 Sprut-SD self-propelled guns. The 2V06-2S multi-fuel diesel engine installed on it with a maximum power of 510 kW is interlocked with a hydromechanical transmission, a hydrostatic steering mechanism and a power take-off for two water jets. The automatic transmission has five forward gears and the same number of reverse gears.

Individual, hydropneumatic, with a clearance changeable from the driver's seat (in 6-7 s from 190 to 590 mm) chassis suspension provides high cross-country ability and smooth running. The undercarriage on each side includes seven single-sided rubber-coated road wheels, four support rollers, a rear drive wheel and a front guide wheel. There is a hydraulic mechanism for tensioning steel, double-ridged, lantern gearing caterpillars with a rubber-metal hinge, which can be equipped with asphalt shoes.

When making marches up to 500 km, the car can move along the highway with a maximum speed of up to 68 km / h, on dry dirt roads - at an average speed of 45 km / h.

Two jet propulsion units allow the ACS 2S25 to move through the water at speeds up to 10 km/h. To increase buoyancy, the machine is equipped with road wheels with closed air chambers and powerful water pumps that pump water out of the hull. The vehicle has good seaworthiness and can effectively operate afloat, including conducting aimed fire in the forward sector of fire at 70 degrees, with a wave of 3 points.

In addition to the above, the standard equipment of the machine includes a system of protection against mass destruction and a set of night vision devices.

The Sprut-SD self-propelled guns can be transported by VTA planes and landing ships, parachute with a crew inside the vehicle and overcome water obstacles without training.

Interesting

The armies of many countries of the world have recently paid special attention to lightly armored military equipment as the basis of rapid reaction forces. The fight against international terrorism and the conduct of peacekeeping operations in zones of local conflicts required the creation of highly mobile and functionally flexible "combat systems of the future".

In this regard, according to foreign experts, it is Russia that has the greatest opportunities in the field of creating lightly armored airborne vehicles. The armed forces of the Russian Federation are already equipped with effective models of light (up to 18 tons), highly passable, air-transportable armored vehicles capable of performing tasks autonomously, in isolation from the main forces and rear units, as well as in any conditions (including in hard-to-reach and remote areas, in mountainous terrain, in desert conditions and on the coast).

In addition, according to experts, this class of combat vehicles has significant export potential. It is these machines that can be used as the basis for equipping the mobile component of the armed forces and special services of any state.

The correctness of this opinion is confirmed by the Sprut-SD self-propelled guns. After its demonstration at the training ground, many military attachés admitted that it surpasses all existing foreign analogues in terms of combat and operational capabilities. So, not a single vehicle in the world can be used in the mountains at an altitude of up to 4000 meters, change the clearance by 400 mm, swim with sea waves up to 3 points, go out and enter the landing ship from the water and land with the crew.

Representatives of the armed forces of the Republic of Korea, India and other countries showed great interest in the 2S25 Sprut-SD self-propelled artillery mount.

The dream of every commander of the Airborne Forces is to have weapons in the arsenal of troops that can support the landing force directly at the landing site with fire, repel an enemy attack and develop the offensive themselves. For a long time, the main means of fire support for the paratroopers was the BMD-1 (since 1969), and earlier the paratrooper units were mainly armed only with small arms and grenade launchers.

Faithful and reliable "Nona"

The start of serial production in 1981 of the 120-mm divisional-regimental airborne self-propelled artillery and mortar mount 2S9 "Nona-S" can be called a breakthrough. With its appearance in service, the Airborne Forces significantly expanded their combat capabilities: the new gun could fire both direct fire and along a hinged trajectory.

"Nona" proved to be excellent during the fighting in Afghanistan, where it was actively used as a means of fire support for airborne assault and airborne units. And if, say, the landing troops during the Afghan campaign moved from the BMD to the BMP, which had a greater technical resource, then the Nona remained in combat formation. This self-propelled gun was used in combat operations on the territory of Chechnya, Dagestan, as well as during the UN peacekeeping mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (without combat use), in which the Russian separate airborne brigade was involved.

Despite the shortcomings identified in the form of rapid wear of the undercarriage and limited horizontal guidance angles, these guns have proven themselves well and confirmed the promise of using 120-mm rifled universal systems.

Over time, the Airborne Forces needed a more powerful artillery gun, capable, in particular, of destroying enemy tanks on the battlefield. And here, of course, the caliber mattered. To solve new problems, the 125-mm gun 2S25 self-propelled gun "Sprut-SD" (SD - self-propelled landing) was suitable. This self-propelled gun on the battlefield was a real force. The fact that regular tank shells already in service with our army also played a role. With a lethal force capable of smashing both enemy tanks and its defenses into the trash, the Octopus had a relatively small size and weight of only 18 tons (for comparison: the tank weighs from 40 to 70 tons), which allowed it to parachute landing.

Didn't work right away

But Sprut-SD had a difficult fate. This armored artillery system has been developed since the mid-80s of the last century, but for a number of reasons it was put into service only in 2006. Serial production was carried out from 2005 to 2010, after which it was decided to suspend the assembly until the appearance of a project for a modernized self-propelled gun.

“The problem of any military equipment intended for delivery to a given area by parachute lies precisely in limiting its weight,” Colonel-General Georgy Shpak, who commanded the Russian Airborne Forces in 1996-2003, told the correspondent of the Zvezda weekly. - Relatively speaking, you cannot drop a tank with a parachute, as well as self-propelled artillery mounts of 122-mm and 152-mm, which are in service with the Ground Forces. Here, no multi-dome or parachute-jet system will survive. This requires a sufficiently powerful wheelbase, allowing you to fire from a self-propelled unit. When the Nona was tested, the undercarriage was used from the BTR-D armored personnel carrier with an increased number of rollers, while firing was carried out with a reduced clearance, when the armored bottom was practically in contact with the ground and dampened the recoil of the shot. Actually, such a design turned out to be the most successful in the creation of artillery systems intended for airborne troops.

Colonel-General Andrei Serdyukov, the current commander of the Airborne Forces, decided to "reanimate" the Sprut self-propelled gun. It cannot be said that the modernization of this installation lay under the carpet. No, the designers were engaged in refinement, both in terms of the chassis and weapons, so that the request of the military did not take the defense industry by surprise. Therefore, it is expected that the Airborne Forces will receive an updated self-propelled gun as early as 2018. The self-propelled guns received the symbol 2S25M "Octopus-SDM1".

High mobility plus firepower

The main requirement for the new self-propelled guns was to increase combat performance through the use of new equipment. First of all - sighting devices and fire control equipment. It's done. What is also important: the chassis of the self-propelled gun is unified with other armored vehicles of the landing troops. The BMD-4M airborne combat vehicle with seven small-diameter road wheels, individual torsion bar suspension and hydraulic shock absorbers on each side served as the basis for it. The possibility of changing the clearance is also preserved, which is necessary both for firing and landing a self-propelled gun.

One of the main advantages of the Octopus, which is why it received the name "tank destroyer", is its firepower. It is the same as that of the T-72 and T-90 tanks. In fact, 125 mm is a main caliber gun for the Airborne Forces, at least from what is capable of parachuting

The new self-propelled guns are capable of using various types of ammunition - high-explosive fragmentation, armor-piercing sub-caliber and tandem cumulative. Shells penetrate up to 770 mm of armor, even under dynamic protection. Plus, there are guided anti-tank missiles in the ammunition load.

Sprut-SDM1 also received a new UTD-29 diesel engine with a power of 500 hp. (the predecessor had 450 "horses"). This will affect the mobility of the combat vehicle and increase its motor resource. The speed of the self-propelled gun will be 70 km / h on the highway and the unpaved surface, the vehicle will be able to move afloat at a speed of 7 km / h, which will allow forcing rather large water barriers. The combat compartment of the self-propelled guns has also undergone modernization, where a new fire control system has been installed, including those with combined sights with television and thermal imaging channels, which allow firing at any time of the day and in any weather conditions. For the effectiveness of shooting, an automatic target tracking machine is also provided, which significantly increases the overall combat characteristics of the self-propelled gun.

The composition of the new radio-electronic equipment includes communications facilities integrated into a single tactical level control system. The crew will be constantly informed not only about the location of neighboring vehicles, but also to “see” what goals they are working for. If necessary, the self-propelled guns will be able to carry fire on new targets that they have not yet managed to fix, but they have already been spotted by their neighbors or from the command post. Shooting in this case can be carried out both with standard ammunition and with guided missiles of several types, which are launched from the barrel of the main gun.

Only the caliber of the self-propelled gun has not changed - it will still be 125 mm. It is mounted on a stabilized system and can be guided in a horizontal plane. At the same time, the elevation angles vary from minus 5 to plus 15 degrees - of course, you won’t be able to shoot at “sparrows” (high-flying targets), but the hills will be in the affected area. The gun is equipped with an automatic loader, which independently feeds separate loading ammunition of the required type into the chamber. With relatively small dimensions, the Sprut-SDM1 is capable of holding 40 shells of various types, which are on board at the time of landing and are ready for use as soon as the crew takes their seats.

Reinforced with self-propelled guns and machine guns. Another machine gun was added to the 7.62 mm PKT coaxial gun. It is mounted on a remotely controlled weapon station - it can be fired from without protruding from the hatch. The module will be installed in the aft part and its purpose is to ensure security from the rear, which is very important when conducting a battle in the depths of the enemy’s defense.

Another plus of the updated self-propelled guns lies in such a “little thing” as the ability to transport paratroopers on armor, which can be relevant with a short march to combat positions.

The Airborne Forces have already managed to evaluate the combat qualities of the Sprut-SDM1 at demonstration firing at a training center near Pskov and are now waiting for the supply of self-propelled guns to the troops. They are expected to start soon.

We have prepared an article about the Russian Tier 8 Progressive Tank Destroyer, which will be coming to the game soon.

Sprut-SD is a Russian airborne self-propelled anti-tank gun, developed in the 1980s specifically for the Soviet Airborne Forces. In the process of its creation, many problems arose, which led to significant delays and reduced serial production. However, such a fate befell many vehicles intended for the Airborne Forces.

The idea of ​​"Octopus" was born at the same time and under the pressure of the same needs as the BMD-1. Any airborne troops act aggressively and land deep in enemy positions. During such operations, the landing force usually encounters infantry, armored vehicles, and long-term fortifications. To counter enemy motorized infantry, infantry fighting vehicles were intended, the firepower and combat missions of which were generally the same as those of the infantry fighting vehicles.

However, the smooth-bore 73-mm gun "Thunder" had a number of drawbacks, and fundamentally different weapons were installed on the machine. So there were BMD-2 and BMD-3.

To combat enemy armored vehicles, it was proposed to create a floating landing vehicle. In fact, it was a light tank.

The USSR had enough experience in the production of light tanks: to recall at least wartime equipment or the later PT-76. However, this class was gradually becoming a thing of the past, replaced by infantry fighting vehicles: after all, everyone believed that the 73-mm smooth-bore gun and the Malyutka ATGM would make any light tank obsolete. To some extent, they were right, but still the idea of ​​​​creating such equipment did not leave the minds of influential military figures of that time, for example, Marshal A. A. Grechko. In addition, such a way out would entail lower costs: one projectile costs much less than a guided missile.

Perhaps, attempts to create a real light tank ended with the PT-85 prototype, created to replace the PT-76. Nevertheless, the idea was not completely abandoned, although the focus of the development of such machines shifted to providing fire support. The classic role of a light tank has been partially changed, but these changes were more tactical. In reality, the light tracked vehicle Object 934 "Judge" under development, equipped with a large-caliber gun, could pass for both a light tank and a tank destroyer.

The reason for this ambiguity was that even the USSR at that time did not know what kind of results it wanted to achieve. The development of the "Object 934" ended in failure due to disagreements between various government agencies: they could not come to a consensus on the appearance of the next car. As a result, the project was closed, and the resources of the Soviet army were used to create the "Object 688", which later became the BMP-3.

Despite the failure, "Object 934" set a new direction in the development of light tanks: fire support. By the mid-80s, the NATO armed forces had at their disposal formidable MBTs: Leopard 2, Challenger and early Abrams, which became dangerous opponents for light BMDs.

However, a ray of hope still dawned. The situation was changed by the appearance of the new Il-76 aircraft, which had an increased carrying capacity, which gave the USSR army the opportunity to transport fairly heavy vehicles. As a result, in 1982, the idea of ​​​​a base chassis was proposed that was suitable for some vehicles, including self-propelled anti-tank guns capable of destroying the most protected enemy MBTs.

The concept was approved. In the same year, they launched the development of a self-propelled gun with a 125-mm smoothbore gun, the same one that had been installed on Soviet tanks since the 60s. On July 29, 1983, the project was approved. His goal was to create an armament complex on the base chassis, which would be suitable for use on the BMD-3.

The following people took part in the project:

• Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (TsNIItochmash);
• Artillery Plant No. 9 in Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg);
• Volgograd Tractor Plant.

Designers from TsNIITochmash were responsible for the initial stage of the project, which was the search for the base chassis. It soon became clear that the chassis from Object 934 was suitable for use. The institute requested one of three prototypes of this machine for further modifications. In 1983, the request was granted, and already in 1983-1984, based on the "Object 934", a full-size model of a self-propelled 125-mm gun was created. Initially, options for a semi-closed type IT or generally open installation of a gun were considered, but in the end they settled on a classic turret scheme. During preliminary tests, the model on a light chassis showed firing accuracy comparable to MBT. Such positive results gave impetus to further developments and tests, and the project itself was named "Sprut-SD" (GRAU index - 2S25).

In 1984, the final requirements for the project were approved, and it was handed over to the chief designers. The official goal of the work was the creation of a "new 125-mm self-propelled anti-tank gun for the air force."

The mass of the car was quite small, only 18 tons. It owes its low weight to a special design: the chassis, created on the basis of the Object 934, is made of aluminum. Only some parts of the machine are reinforced with steel plates so as not to burden the structure once again. Such a booking provided:

• protection against bullets of 12.7 mm caliber in the sector of ±40 degrees;
• all-round protection against bullets of 7.62 mm caliber and fragments of artillery shells.

The figures are not too high, but for a machine of this type, more was not required. Additionally, it was equipped with a system of protection against weapons of mass destruction and the 902V Tucha system for firing 81-mm 3D6 smoke grenades.

In one respect, this machine has become truly impressive: in the accuracy of firing from the 125-mm 2A75 smoothbore gun (length in calibers - L / 48), which is a modification of the Soviet 2A46 smoothbore tank gun. Installing a tank gun on a vehicle with such a light chassis was a very bold decision. The recoil of such a gun could damage the machine and destroy the suspension. Initially, the problem was planned to be solved by installing a muzzle brake, but in the end they took other measures:

• the barrel recoil length was increased to 740 mm (so that the gun would roll back further after firing);
• a hydropneumatic suspension was installed, which helped to compensate for the recoil force.

The gun is stabilized in two planes and is equipped with an automatic loader that allows up to 7 rounds per minute. Loading takes place using a conveyor mechanism located under the turret (as in other Soviet tanks, ammunition is stored separately). Any standard 125-mm ammunition is suitable for the gun, including Reflex guided anti-tank projectiles. The transportable ammunition load is 40 shots, 22 of which were loaded into the AZ. The regular ammunition includes 20 high-explosive fragmentation, 14 armor-piercing sub-caliber and 6 cumulative (or guided) projectiles.

The gun is aimed in the range from -5 to +15 degrees when firing forward and from -3 to +17 degrees when firing backwards. Do not forget that the Sprut-SD is amphibious, so you can fire afloat (within ± 35 degrees along the front).

The crew of the vehicle consists of three people: a driver (in the hull), a commander and a gunner (both sit in the turret). For aiming and firing, the 1A40M-1 sight with a built-in rangefinder and ballistic computer is used. For night operations, a TO1-KO1R optoelectronic complex with a gunner's night sight TPN-4R was installed, which allows recognizing a target at a distance of 1.5 km. The commander's station is equipped with a 1K13-3S commander's observation device for operation both in daytime and at night.

"Sprut-SD" is driven by a 6-cylinder diesel engine 2V-06-2S with a capacity of 510 liters. with., allowing to accelerate to 70 km / h (45-50 km / h off-road). In addition, the machine swims at a speed of 9 km / h without additional training.

An active development process went on from 1984 to 1991, when state tests were carried out. The project was accepted positively, despite the fact that the problem with the air delivery system, typical for landing vehicles, remained unresolved. Further development was complicated by the collapse of the Soviet Union.

As of development in the 90s, there is not much information. It was not canceled, however, it did not advance far either due to difficulties with the P260 landing system, which was based on the P235 (used for landing the BMD-3). In 1994, the designers finally gave up and began to develop a new strapdown landing system P260M, work on which was completed only in 2001.

Approximately 10 years after the first state tests, another one was carried out, and the 2S25 Sprut-SD was finally put into service. It happened on January 9, 2006. In 2005-2010, mass production of the machine began, during which only 36-40 units were produced. By 2010, production was stopped and a modernization program was launched: by this time, the car was already two decades old. As a result, a prototype "Octopus-SDM" was created, the production of which is planned in the future.

At the moment, "Sprut-SD" was not exported and did not participate in the battles.

In conclusion, I would like to briefly talk about two modifications of the Sprut-SD worthy of mention. "Octopus-SSV" - a modification for the ground forces. If the "D" in the title meant "landing", then "SV" - ground forces. The modification was distinguished by the new Planer chassis, created in Kharkov. The project remained at the prototype stage.

"Octopus-K" - modification using the BTR-90 chassis. Development also did not progress beyond prototypes because this lightweight chassis was unable to provide sufficient firepower.

In Armored Warfare: The Armata Sprut-SD project will take its place among tier 8 tank destroyers. Among the machines of its class and level, the Sprut-SD stands out with the best firepower. In addition, players will be able to fire guided missiles. Compared to the Dragoon light tank, the vehicle is more agile, powerful and accurate, and much harder to spot. However, the level of protection of the "Octopus" is lower. Those who choose to play this technique will need to plan their tactics in advance in order to successfully reach their destination despite the low top speed. However, being already in place, it will be easy to change positions - thanks to excellent mobility.

We hope you enjoy your new car. Stay tuned and see you on the battlefield!

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Machine-building and industrial group "Concern "Tractor Plants" in the exposition of the International military-technical forum "Army-2015" in Kubinka near Moscow for the first time publicly presented the first prototype of the 125-mm self-propelled airborne anti-tank gun 2S25M "Sprut-SDM1", which is a deep modernization of the 2S25 system "Sprut-SD" ("Object 952"), developed by the Design Bureau of the Volgograd Tractor Plant and produced in 2005-2010 at this enterprise in small quantities for the Russian Airborne Forces.

First

Unlike 2S25 "Octopus-SD", which used a running gear close to the BMD-3 / BMD-4, new self-propelled guns 2S25M "Octopus-SDM1" in terms of components and parts of the chassis, as well as in the engine compartment (with a UTD-29 diesel engine) is unified with the BMD-4M airborne combat vehicle, which began mass production at the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant OJSC (part of Concern "Tractor Plants"). On the"Sprut-SDM1" a modern fire control system was installed, approximately similar to that used on the T-90M (T-90SM) tank and including a panoramic round-the-clock sightcommander "Falcon Eye" and a new gunner-operator's sight with a thermal imaging channel.The sights are equipped with automatic target tracking. It is also reported that "m The vehicle is equipped with a software and hardware complex that allows the vehicle to be integrated into a single tactical flight control system.

In addition, the Sprut-SDM1 is equipped with a remote-controlled weapon station similar to that used on the T-90M (T-90SM) tank with a 7.62-mm machine gun with an ammunition load of 1000 rounds.

Representative Concern Tractor Plants» stated that mass production2S25M "Sprut-SDM1" for the Airborne Forces is planned to be launched in 2018.

First a prototype of the 125-mm self-propelled airborne anti-tank gun 2S25M "Sprut-SDM1" developed Machine-building and industrial group "Concern" Tractor Plants ". Kubinka, 06/19/2015 (c) bmpd

In the Pskov region, at the Struga Krasny training ground, during the gathering of the leadership of the artillery of the Airborne Forces, the capabilities of the latest self-propelled anti-tank gun (SPTP) "Sprut-SDM-1".

The demonstration of the capabilities of the promising combat complex was carried out with the participation of special and reconnaissance artillery units of the Pskov Airborne Division, which provided target designation and corrected the fire of anti-tank weapons using Orlan-type UAVs, Aistenok * and Sobolyatnik radar systems **.

Self-propelled anti-tank gun 2S25M "Octopus-SDM-1" It is planned to replace the previous SPTP modification 2S25, which has been in service with the Airborne Forces for more than 10 years."Octopus-SDM1" was first demonstrated at the International Military-Technical Forum "Army-2015". The self-propelled gun is a development of the previous 2S25 model and, after testing, should go into service with the Airborne Forces. According to military experts, this self-propelled unit is the best in the world and significantly outperforms all available foreign analogues of this class.

"Afghanit" upset the US stronger than "Armata" >>

The main armament is a 125-mm 2A75M cannon, capable of firing armor-piercing sub-caliber, cumulative, high-explosive fragmentation shells and ammunition with remote detonation on the trajectory. In general, in terms of firepower, the Sprut-SDM1 corresponds to the level of the main Russian T-90MS tank and is capable of using anti-tank guided weapons at a distance of up to 5,000 m. In total, the 2S25M ammunition load has 40 rounds, including 22 in mechanized ammo rack.

In addition to the PKTM machine gun coaxial with the cannon, the modernized machine has one more such machine gun in a remote-controlled installation on the turret. Thus, the vehicle commander got the opportunity to hit the identified targets at the moment when the main armament was already being used by the gunner-operator. The total ammunition load of machine guns is 2,000 rounds.

The 2S25M fire control system also has a tank level. It includes the best in the world gunner's sight "Sosna-U" with television and thermal imaging channels, as well as a panoramic sight of the PKP commander with similar channels. Both sights have the ability to automatically track the target. In case of damage to the main sights, an optical-electronic backup sight is used with a line of sight stabilized in a vertical plane and self-powered.

One of the main differences of the new car- This is a guided weapon system (KUV) with the latest missile capable of destroying a tank with dynamic protection at a distance of up to 6 km.

The latest product is fully integrated with a digital fire control system (FCS), which not only increased the accuracy of the Sprut-SDM1, but also made it possible to shoot at low-flying and low-speed targets, such as enemy helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles.

The new self-propelled gun received a modernized rocket fired through the gun barrel and created on the basis of the Invar-M shot. The cumulative charge is located in the nose of the rocket and provides overcoming dynamic protection, including those made in the built-in version. The main shaped charge hits the target directly. To destroy fortified engineering structures, a variant of a missile with a high-explosive warhead of thermobaric action has been developed.

During the modernization of the 125-mm self-propelled anti-tank gun for the Sprut-SDM1, a more advanced digital control system was installed with a combined gunner's sight with a thermal imaging channel for night vision and an automatic target tracking machine. In addition, the commander of "Sprut-SDM1" it became possible to fire from an additional machine gun installation, including on the upper floors of buildings, dominant heights in mountainous areas and helicopters.

The modernized "Octopus-SDM1" is unified in terms of components and assemblies with the recently adopted BMD-4M airborne combat vehicle. From this we can conclude that, like the latest BMD-4M, the Sprut-SDM1 has a seriously increased engine power, which significantly increases the mobility of the self-propelled gun both afloat and when moving over rough terrain.

With the use of upgraded shots of the Invar-M type as part of the armament, the Sprut-SDM1 receives fundamentally new combat capabilities: the missile’s firing range is 2.5 times greater than the return fire range of any modern tanks, since the projectile flies at 2000 m, and the anti-tank guided missile at 5,000 m. This allows you to win the battle before entering the zone of effective fire of enemy tanks.

The combat vehicle has an information and control chassis system, which greatly facilitates operation and troubleshooting. The latest communication complex has frequency modulation and technical masking. According to the components and parts of the chassis, as well as the engine-transmission compartment, the Sprut-SDM1 is unified with the BMD-4M airborne combat vehicle.

* Portable counter-battery radar "Aistenok" capable of providing reconnaissance of enemy firing points, calculating the trajectories of shells or missiles, and adjusting fire. The complex also allows you to control the airspace and monitor the UAV.

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At short distances, Aistenok is able to track mortar rounds with a caliber of 81 to 120 mm during the flight of a mine, determining the flight path and calculating the point of the shot and the fall of the projectile. The maximum detection range of mortars is limited to 5 thousand meters. At such distances, "Aistenok" is able to very accurately determine the upward and downward flight paths of the mine and calculate the coordinates of the enemy mortar.

The minimum distance for determining enemy mortars is 750 meters. In this case, the accuracy of target detection is several tens of meters and depends on the type of target. Calculating the coordinates from where the shot was fired allows you to accurately counterattack enemy mortars and adjust your own fire.

The weight of the Aistenok reconnaissance complex, developed by Almaz-Antey Concern OJSC, is 135 kg. This is not much for systems of this type and allows reconnaissance units to effortlessly move it both on a combat vehicle and manually with the help of three people. The modular system kit includes seven elements:

Turntable with tripod,

transceiver with antenna

Power Supply,

Block of primary information processing,

Electric unit,

Radio station and control panel.

It takes only five minutes to fully assemble the Aistenka modules and prepare it for work.The control panel, made in the form of a laptop, displays color information about the operation of the device. Data on the detected targets are transmitted through the installed radio station of the centimeter range. " Stork » n does not have its own rotary mechanism, but this disadvantage is compensated by a 60-degree observation sector in the azimuth of the beam width. Determination of the enemy's calculations is carried out by detecting the place of the shot and calculating the trajectory of the projectile. The target detection range is from 200 meters to 20,000.

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** , artillery, multiple launch rocket systems and starting positions of enemy tactical missiles by shot. In addition, to control the accuracy of firing drums.Until recently, the most modern ground-based electronic intelligence system in the Russian army was the PSNR-8 and PSNR-8M devices, which are preparing to give way to the latest electronic intelligence product, the 1-L277 product. His second name is "Sobalist". Heused when correcting the direction of fire from a mortar, and also to find drones flying at low distances from the ground. A distinctive feature of the 1-L277 product is the use of a phased antenna array, a broadband pulsed chirp signal for detecting moving targets and projectile explosions (mines), as well as for detecting stationary objects.

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Military designers added an automated primary data processing unit to the PSNR-8M station, freeing the operator of the reconnaissance station from the process of detecting military objects and enemy manpower. Along with this, the range of the electronic reconnaissance significantly increased - its "far-sightedness" increased to 30 km.

The "PSNR-8M" has only 500 hours of continuous operation, "1-L277" can operate without breakdowns from 1500 to 2000 hours. That is, the reliability of the new scout has increased by 4 times.The stations "PSNR-8" and "PSNR-8M" had 3 major drawbacks: the power of their pulsed radiation was 1 KV, in other words, it was not so difficult for the enemy to "detect" them. The second drawback was the so-called mechanical scanning of the terrain, i.e. the antenna rotated around its axis during operation. The engine that powered it quickly broke down and had to be replaced. Therefore, the military issued a technical assignment, which stated that these methods of work should be improved. The military did not like the weight of the reconnaissance station either. He was 62 kg, so his combat crew was 3 people.

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Sobolyatnik performs electronic scanning, due to which the antenna no longer needs to be rotated around its axis and from time to time to change its engine. The weight of the station has decreased to 36 kg, and now its crew consists of only 2 people. But most importantly, the station has practically become "invisible", since its pulsed radiation is now less than that of a mobile phone.

The resolution of the new reconnaissance station has increased five times - from 50 to 10 meters. This made it possible to increase the information content, and the operator got the opportunity to read the targets in the column, i.e. distinguish between individual targets. "PSNR-8M" gave out a long strip on the screen, and "Sobolyatnik" - individual items. Besides, the new product received algorithms for automated target recognition according to the criterion: man - machine. By improving the new electronic reconnaissance, we can detect moving targets against the background of powerful reflections from the earth's surface.Thus, now the operator has the opportunity to see the movement of equipment and people on the screen of his monitor. The safety of the operator himself was also increased due to the length of the cable connecting the monitor to the antenna, up to 30 meters. That is, in the event of an enemy attempt to destroy the station, the operator has more chances to remain unharmed.

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The new product is able to detect enemy manpower at a distance of 6 km. The Sobolyatnik used a more complex signal with an intra-pulse linear modulation frequency, which made it possible to reduce the peak radiation power to 8 watts. This dramatically increased the secrecy of this electronic reconnaissance.Some types of weapons are easily interfaced with this station, especially machine guns, such as " PECHENEG" and "KORD ". This allows her to be present during hostilities and at the same time be invisible, unless, of course, there is no optical observation.

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