The solemn ode was not the only genre in Lomonosov's poetry. In his odes, Lomonosov not only glorifies the victories of the Russians over the enemies "(" Ode to the capture of Khotin ") or celebrates various solemn dates. He also wrote odes on religious and scientific themes. Such, for example, his two" Reflections ":" Morning Meditation about the majesty of God "(second half of 1740) and" Evening meditation on the majesty of God in the event of the great aurora borealis "(1743). It is also worth noting that among the scientific works of Lomonosov there were also studies on astronomy. One of them was called" The Phenomenon of Venus into the Sun "(1761).

Lomonosov devoted poems with scientific themes to natural phenomena, primarily to the space theme. As a philosopher-deist, Lomonosov saw in nature a manifestation of the creative power of deity, but in his poems he reveals not the theological, but the scientific side of this issue: not the comprehension of God through nature, but the study of nature itself, created by God.

In them, like no one after him, right up to our days, he managed to give a combination of science and poetry in a single whole. In a figurative, poetic form, Lomonosov gives in "Morning Reflection" a scientific description of the physical structure of the sun, and in "Evening Reflection" - his theory of the origin of the northern lights.

In "Evening Reflection" Lomonosov has several assumptions about the northern lights: this is the refraction of the sun's rays, or "the tops of fat mountains are burning", or it is connected with calm at sea and the waves hit the air, and so on. In conclusion, he actually speaks of the powerlessness of modern science in answering some questions. In nature, where everything, it would seem, goes once and forever in an established order, sometimes wonderful things happen that confuse the mind with their incomprehensibility.

In each of the "Reflections" the same composition is repeated. First, phenomena are depicted that are familiar to a person from his daily impressions. Then the poet-scientist lifts the veil over the invisible, hidden area of ​​the Universe, which introduces the reader to new, unknown worlds. So, in the first stanza of "Morning Reflection" the sunrise, the coming of the morning, the awakening of all nature are depicted. Then Lomonosov begins to talk about the physical structure of the Sun. A picture is drawn that is accessible only to the inspired gaze of a scientist who is able to speculatively imagine what the “mortal” human “eye” cannot see - the red-hot, raging surface of the sun. Complex phenomena occurring on the surface of the Sun, Lomonosov reveals with the help of ordinary, purely visible "earthly" images.

The poet presents the structure of this planet as "an eternally burning Ocean", where "stones, like water boil, rains burning there are noisy." Thoughts about the greatness of the sun lead the poet to the realization of the greatness of the Creator: “The daylight shines only on the surface of bodies; but your gaze penetrates the abyss, knowing no limit. " In the finale, Lomonosov compares the luminary with enlightenment, and asks the Creator to help the scientist learn the universe in order to glorify his creation: “Creator! covered me with darkness / Stretch out the rays of wisdom / And whatever you want in front of you / Always teach to create.

In these two Reflections, the poet comes to the main questions that he tried to resolve all his life. What is the Universe? Is it cognizable by the human mind? What place does a person occupy in it?

The abyss of stars is full,

The stars are innumerable, the abyss of the bottom.

A grain of sand like in the waves of the sea

So I'm deep in this abyss,

I am lost, tired of thoughts!

Although the title of the poem contains "God's Majesty", the motive of the life-giving forces of matter, "natural nature" appears on an equal footing with the motive of the great Creator: The lips of the wise tell us:

"There are many different lights,

Countless suns are burning there,

Peoples there and the circle of centuries;

For the general glory of the deity

The strength of nature is equal there. "

The form of the poems is expressive. The construction of phrases, syntactic constructions provoke an excited tone of the story. In "Evening Reflection" the abundance of questions gives rise to a tense emotional atmosphere of searching for answers to the most amazing mysteries of nature:

But where, nature, is your law?

Dawn rises from midnight countries!

Does the sun not place its throne there?

Is it not the ice-men who obscure the fire of the sea?

The final stanza of "Evening Reflections" demonstrates the position of a true researcher-scientist: the main thing in science is to raise a new question. And then already look for answers and doubt. This is how the impudent thinker Lomonosov doubts the boundless "majesty" of the heavenly Creator himself (with this be more careful, he doubts, of course, but in his morning meditation he glorifies him, approx. Ben.), This is how he pushes scientific thought towards a new, more modern, understanding of laws universe:

Your answer is full of doubt

About the fact that about 'cross of the nearest places.

Tell me, if the light is spacious?

And what are the smallest stars in the distance?

Do you know the end of the creatures?

Tell me, how great is the Creator?

Thus, in these works Lomonosov combines science and art. Then he will do this in the famous parable "Two Astronomers Happened Together at a Feast" (1761). His admiration and flight of thought cause not only unusual appearances (northern lights), but also quite ordinary (sunrise), which is inherent in a real scientist. As a scientist, he asks questions about the causes of these phenomena, and as a poet, he admires the greatness and unknownness of the universe, discusses his place in it and glorifies the Lord for such a grandiose creation.

20. Scientific evidence for the benefits of glass in M.V. Lomonosov.

Poetry and science organically merge in a wonderful poem by Lomonosov "Letter on the Use of Glass" (1752) addressed to Shuvalov. Explains his interest in glass: "Those think wrong about things, Shuvalov, who respect glass lower than minerals." Lomonosov not only talks about the benefits of glass, but also comes to deep scientific, philosophical and social issues. Having painted a picture of the birth of glass, explaining the benefits of glass in everyday life and its scientific use, he logically moves on to other topics: about the human mind, which dares to cognize nature and subjugate it, about the struggle of reason and ignorance throughout the history of mankind, about religion as “illumination ignorance ”, about science that unites people, about gold, which brought people misfortune. He writes with indignation about the destructive power of gold.

In this work, the scientific interests of a nature researcher are combined with the experience of an active practitioner, the promotion of a scientific worldview.

Find quotes about scientific evidence!

M.V. Lomonosov is a satirist.

Lomonosov fought against the official church and foreign professors, which hindered education in the country. This struggle is reflected in his witty poems. Like Kantemir, Lomonosov used satire as a means of fighting for enlightenment. But if the pathos of Kantemir's creativity consisted in the desire to promote enlightenment in the country by the force of a negative example, then Lomonosov saw his task in influencing the civic consciousness of his compatriots by the force of a positive example, and therefore satire occupied a very modest place in his life. Satires did not appear in print during the life of Lomonosov.

Satirical works for him were primarily a means of fighting the clergy. "Hymn to the beard"- the famous caustic and evil parody poem directed against the greedy, ignorant priests. Beard bearers are “fools, they lied, leprosy,” Lomonosov considers their church teaching to be false.

This poem alarmed the Synod, and he sent Elizabeth a denunciation against Lomonosov. The Synod demanded that the hymn be burned and that Lomonosov be sent to the Synod for a "cruel execution." Fortunately, this denunciation turned out to be without consequences.

A fierce literary struggle flared up around the "hymn to the beard". In 1757 the churchmen sent a number of letters against Lomonosov with the attachment of a poetic parody "hymn to the head", in which Lomonosov was subjected to abuse. These letters were signed with the assumed name of Zubnitsky.

Lomonosov mistakenly considered Trediakovsky to be an enemy hiding under the name of Zubnitsky. This was due to the fact that Lomonosov knew about the denunciations to the Synod, which Trediakovsky wrote about Sumarokov. Lomonosov replied to Zubnitsky with an epigram, which began with the words: "Atheist and prude, a lie of anonymous letters!"

Lomonosov had to wage a struggle with the clergy over the Copernican system. Defending the Copernican system in scientific works, Lomonosov resorts to poetic means, writing a fable-epigram "two astronomers happened at a feast together." The dispute between the two astronomers is resolved by the cook, who calls for common sense: there is no such simpleton who would turn the hearth around the roast.

22. M.V. Lomonosov on journalism and journalists (article "On the position of journalists").

A special place in the history of journalism belongs to Lomonosov's polemical article "Discourse on the duties of journalists in the presentation of their essays, designed to maintain freedom of philosophy." The immediate reason for writing the article was the need to respond to a German reviewer who in 1752 in a Leipzig journal subjected the theory of heat developed by Lomonosov ("On the cause of warmth and cold") to unreasonable criticism. In 1754, the Hamburg Correspondent also criticized the theory.

At the Academy of Sciences, a scientific journal in Latin "Comments" was published, in which scientific works were published. With the publication of New Commentaries in 1750, the published works began to receive an assessment in foreign journals. Foreign reviewers, who were very supportive of these works, constantly criticized the works of Lomonosov, which made him a pioneer in a number of fields of science. The intentionality of their assessments was obvious.

Lomonosov undertook to answer foreign opponents, in whose statements he saw unscrupulousness and dishonesty, detrimental to the identification of scientific truths.

The article was written in Latin, and a year later it was published in French in an Amsterdam magazine. The article was published without a signature at the request of the author. Lomonosov is not limited to polemics only on scientific issues, he raises a number of fundamental problems concerning the rights and obligations of journalists in general. “Strength and will is what is required of them,” and he does not find these qualities in European journalists.

At the end of the article, Lomonosov sets out his famous seven rules, which should be properly "consolidated as a Leipzig journalist, and everyone like him."

Rules for journalists:

1. A journalist must weigh his strength, whether he is able to grasp all the essential in essays that sometimes belong to people of genius

2. To be able to make a sincere and just judgment, one must free the mind from all prejudice, from all prejudice.

3. A journalist must be able to argue his objections, must repeatedly weigh what he intends to say in order to be able to justify his words, if necessary.

4. The journalist should not rush to condemn hypotheses. They are permissible in philosophical subjects, and this is even the only way in which the greatest people were able to discover the most important truths.

5. It is most dishonorable for a journalist to steal the expressed thoughts and judgments from one of his fellows and to appropriate them for himself.

6. Doubts and questions alone do not give the journalist the right to condemn the essay and he should not believe that the incomprehensible and inexplicable for him is the same for the author.

7. A journalist should never think too highly of his superiority, his authority and the dignity of his judgments.

EVENING (CHANGE) SCHOOL

EVENING REFLECTION ON GOD'S MAJORITY IN THE EVENT OF THE GREAT NORTHERN LIGHTS

Teacher

Russian language and literature

Kurtveisova E.N.

Physics teacher

Glushchenko V.S.

INTEGRATED LESSON OF LITERATURE AND PHYSICS

Theme: " Evening meditation on the Majesty of God in the event of the great northern lights. " (Slide number 1)

Goals: ( Slide number 2)

educational: to give an idea of ​​the personality of M.V. Lomonosov; formation of a system of knowledge about the surrounding world through the integration of academic disciplines;

developing : development of logical thinking, the skill of a coherent statement, analysis of the work;

educational: education of cognitive interest in the study of literature, physics, natural phenomena.

Equipment: portrait of M.V. Lomonosov; handouts (text of MV Lomonosov's ode "Evening meditation on the Majesty of God in the event of the great northern lights"); video slide, ode performed by Dmitry Pisarenko; computer presentation.

Decoration on the board: portrait of M.V. Lomonosov; epigraph; obsolete words.

During the classes

      1. Organizing time.

        Setting the goals of the lesson. Motivation for learning activities.

        Updating knowledge and posing a problematic issue.

        Learning new material.

        The answer to the problematic question of the lesson. Anchoring.

Literature teacher: Today we are conducting an integrated lesson with a physics teacher. The topic of today's lesson is "Evening meditation on the Majesty of God in the event of the great northern lights." The epigraph of our lesson is the words:

Everywhere they explore

What is great and beautiful.

M.V. Lomonosov

Among the glorious names of the past of Russian science there is one especially close and dear to us - the name of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. MV Lomonosov became a living embodiment of Russian science and culture with its diversity and peculiarities, with its richness and breadth.

He was a natural scientist, philosopher, poet, founder of the Russian literary language, historian, geographer, politician, and in every field this outstanding person achieved great success, often ahead of his time. Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with his work "Evening meditation on the Majesty of God in the event of the great northern lights."

And now let us recall the main dates of the life of M.V. Lomonosov.

Pupil:(Biography of MV Lomonosov) (Slide number 3).

Brief chronology - Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov

1711 - was born into a Pomor family in the Arkhangelsk province. 1730 - at the age of 19 he went on foot to Moscow to study. 1731 - 1735 - studies at the Moscow Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. 1736 - October 4 for training in mining and metallurgy sent to Germany. 1736 - 1739 - studied at the University of Marburg. 1741 - June 8 he returned to St. Petersburg. 1745 - On July 25, he was appointed professor of chemistry at the Academy of Sciences and Arts. 1746 - June 20 for the first time reads public lectures on physics in Russian. 1755 - Moscow University was founded according to the project of M.V. Lomonosov. 1764 - April 17 was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the Bologna Institute. 1765 - April 4, died of pneumonia in his own house on the Moika River. 1765 - on April 8 he was buried at the Lazarevskoye cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Literature teacher: Now, guys, open your notebooks and write down the number and topic of today's lesson. Now we will reflect on the content of the ode "Evening meditation on the Majesty of God in the event of the great northern lights." In addition to the fact that today we will get acquainted with the poetic features of the ode, we will answer the questions: "Does modern science confirm the theory of MV Lomonosov about the northern lights?" What is this ode about?

So, "Evening meditation on the Majesty of God on the occasion of the great northern lights" (distribute the text of the ode).

But before we repeat: (students' answers)

What is an ode?

Oh yeah- a solemn poem dedicated to some historical event or hero.

What three calmness was the founder of MV Lomonosov?

Lomonosov developed a theory three calm in relation to the Russian language. High style had to be written - odes, heroic poems; average- letters of friendship, satire; low- comedies, songs, epigrams.

And now let's listen to an ode performed by Dmitry Pisarenko.

Let's turn to the text with the ode (Slide number 4). Analysis of the ode.

Pay attention to obsolete words:

pomor- an inhabitant of Pomorie (Arkhangelsk Pomors); flash- the popular name for the northern lights; abyss- sky; vortex- wind; in this- this is; trample- to throw, entangle, subjugate; cold- cold; zrak- image, appearance; nasty- sweeps; ripple- sways; frozen- frozen; tops- top; ether- air; marshmallow- wind; around- around, about.

Guys, look carefully, how many parts does this piece consist of? (8 stanzas). And in each part the poet expressed his thought. Let's think about it, think about it.

When reading, you should pay attention to the stress of the Lomonosov verse.

Reading Lomonosov, one should be extremely precise in orthoepy: face - not face; stars - not stars; deepened - not deepened; mint - rhymes with the word planets.

Pay attention to the phonetic originality of poetry. Guys, if we do not observe the phonetic originality of the poetry of the 18th century, we will distort the sound style of M.V. Lomonosov.

Let's write down features of 18th century poetry: high, odic style; metaphorical language; archaisms.

What is Lomonosov talking about in stanza 1 of the ode? About the universe. The universe seems to be endless, eternally alive, not disappearing anywhere. We saw that there is no chaos and disorder in the structure of the Universe, after the day the night comes, after the night the sun rises and the morning comes (that is, each phenomenon, object has its own place). The universe itself opened up in front of man in the form of an abyss full of stars.

2nd stanza: and before the opened abyss, a person begins to feel like a grain of sand in this Universe. He calls himself a small spark in eternal ice, fine dust in a strong whirlwind, a feather in fierce fire. Deeper into the abyss, the poet is lost himself, tired of his thoughts.

3rd stanza: the author addresses the wise who know what is in this abyss that "swallowed" him. The wise say that there are many other lights, where suns are burning and different peoples live. Lomonosov's poetic thought addressed not only the vital matters of science, but also the secrets of the many worlds that fill the Universe. All planets are illuminated by the sun. The world can be learned! And in order to reveal its secrets, a person must resort to science.

To whom does Lomonosov address in the 4th stanza of the ode? (nature is nature). The human mind needs to get an answer to the question: "But where, nature, is your law?"

To whom is the question addressed in stanza 5? To a person who is given reason to comprehend these laws of the world, I want to solve the riddle northern lights... Man himself cannot find a solution, so he turns to those who know all the secrets of nature and reveals his doubts to them: “Tell me, why are we so nasty? (oppresses) ".

And without receiving an answer, the person simply showered them with a barrage of questions (6th stanza). The poet is trying to understand the origin of various natural phenomena. The author admires and admires the majestic beauty of the northern lights.

A series of questions about the structure of the universe follows again (8th stanza). What are the stars? The universe is great, not small, and life is endless.

What artistic means does the author use?(student answers)

Comparisons- grain of sand, small spark, feather.

Epithets(artistic definition) - a clear ray, formidable clouds, thick haze.

Metaphors(a word or expression in a figurative sense) - day hides its face, the fields are covered with night, a shadow has risen, a ray is rippling, a thin flame smokes into the firmament, frozen steam, the tops are burning.

Lexical repetitions- how how; there, there; behold, behold; I'm sorry, what; how how; il, il, il; say well, say well.

Text synonyms(by the word "radiance") = ray, flame, lightning, fire.

Single-root words- great - majesty.

Syntactic constructs(interrogative addresses) - But where, nature, is your law? Tell me, why are we so nasty? Tell me, if the light is spacious? Tell me, how great is the Creator?

Ode genre- thinking.

Ode theme- about God's Majesty.

Read the poetic description of the aurora borealis expressively:

What does a ray clear at night flicker? What is a thin flame striking the firmament? How lightning without formidable clouds Strives from the earth to the zenith? How can it be that the frozen steam in the middle of winter gives birth to a fire?

Based on the title of the work, name the signs of the northern lights:

Evening - it happens in the evening and at night; Reflection - encourages reflection on the cause of the radiance; About God's Majesty - this is an assumption about the unearthly nature of radiance, God's providence; On occasion - the phenomenon is not predictable, it does not happen often; The Great is a unique, unusual phenomenon; Northern Lights - it happens in the North.

Literature teacher : Oda MV Lomonosov "Evening meditation on the Majesty of God in the event of the great northern lights" - is a meditation on the possibilities of knowing the Universe. The origin of the northern lights is a mystery of nature. To benefit your country, according to Lomonosov, you need to be not only hardworking, but also an enlightened person.

MV Lomonosov wrote not only an ode about the northern lights, but also a scientific work - "A word about air phenomena occurring from the electrical force" (1753).

Lomonosov described the northern lights not only in poetic but also scientific language.

Physics teacher: Modern interpretation of the theory of the origin of the northern lights. Our globe is a big magnet. Just like around a normal magnet, there is a magnetic field around the Earth.

When there are explosions on the Sun, "the so-called solar wind rushes from the Sun into the upper part of the Earth's atmosphere - the ionosphere - streams of charged particles - protons - flying at a huge speed.

When invading the earth's atmosphere, particles of the solar wind are guided by the earth's magnetic field.

Colliding with atoms and molecules of atmospheric air, they ionize them, resulting in a glow, which is the aurora.

The glow of rarefied gases occurs in the upper part of the atmosphere - the ionosphere.

Thus, northern Lights- the glow of the upper layers of the earth's atmosphere due to their interaction with charged particles of the solar wind. (Slide number 5).

Task for the development of logical thinking

- What assumptions of MV Lomonosov have been confirmed in modern science?
Lomonosov's statements, which have stood the test of time (slide 6): the cause of the aurora is electrical discharges occurring in the rarefied layers of the air; auroras occur at very high altitudes.

Explaining the nature of the aurora borealis, Lomonosov was unable to answer the question, what kind of electrical particles cause a grandiose glow of air in its upper, rarefied layers? This became possible thanks to the development of physics and advances in space research.

Output : Although MV Lomonosov failed to establish the nature of the aurora, he nevertheless came close enough to understanding it.

    Does modern science confirm the scientific hypothesis of MV Lomonosov about the northern lights?

    What are the Northern Lights?

    In what works of M.V. Lomonosov revealed the nature of the northern lights?

    What is another name for the northern lights?

Summing up, assigning marks.

Homework . Using the material from the lesson, write an essay about the northern lights.

"Morning Meditation on God's Majesty"

"Evening meditation on God's majesty, on the occasion of the great northern lights"

Lomonosov

History of creation and genre. In the 18th century, verse transpositions of psalms - lyrical texts of a prayer nature that make up one of the books of the Bible - the Psalter - were called spiritual odes. For the Russian reader of the 18th century. The Psalter was a special book: any literate person knew the Psalter by heart, because the texts of this book were taught to read. Therefore, transcriptions of psalms (a poetic Russian translation of Old Church Slavonic texts) as a lyric genre were very popular.

In the work of the outstanding scientist, thinker, poet M.V. Lomonosov, the genre of spiritual ode is spreading not only in its traditional form, but also as a special genre of scientific and philosophical lyrics. In these works, he expresses faith in science and the human mind, admires nature as a divine creation.

Although spiritual themes were not the most common in Lomonosov's literary work, a number of his poetic works are devoted to precisely these issues. The following works are usually attributed to the genre of spiritual ode in the work of Lomonosov: "Evening meditation on God's majesty in the event of the great northern lights", "Morning meditation on God's majesty", as well as poetic transcriptions from the texts of Holy Scripture (excerpts from the book of Job; transcriptions of Psalms 3 , 14, 26, 34, 70, 116, 143, 145). All of Lomonosov's spiritual odes were written between 1743 and 1751. An encyclopedic scientist in these years is intensively engaged in scientific research. This is the time when Lomonosov strives to contribute with all his might to the development of domestic science, confirming his scientific views at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, where most of the scientists and administrative posts were then occupied by scientists from European countries, mainly Germans. His spiritual odes became the philosophical declaration of a writer-scientist who defends his view of the structure of the universe, the significance of science and determines the sphere of its application in the conditions of his fatherland.

Topics and problems. Lomonosov's spiritual odes are characterized by a wide range of problems. The writer asks various moral and philosophical questions, reflects on the role and place of man and science in the universe, on the perfection of nature as a Divine creation. At the same time, Lomonosov differs from the Orthodox writers of the past in that he does not shy away from "free philosophizing." As a deeply religious person, he rejects "the restriction of the sphere of science by religion." “The mathematician is thinking incorrectly,” notes M.V. Lomonosov, "if he wants to measure God's will with a compass, but the theologian is also wrong if he thinks that astronomy and chemistry can be learned in the Psalter." Lomonosov's formula is well-known: "The test of nature is difficult, but pleasant, useful, holy" 1. The sanctity of scientific knowledge in Lomonosov's understanding meant the need to fully devote oneself to science. The universalism of his talent manifested itself in the indivisibility for him of science and literature, religion and science.

The two original odes of Lomonosov under consideration do not have a biblical source, like the others, they are inspired by the poet's scientific studies in astronomy and physics. "Morning Meditation on God's Majesty" and "Evening Meditation on God's Majesty in the Event of the Great Northern Lights" are experiments in creating a scientific picture of the world using poetic means. In "Evening Reflection ..." the poet-scientist puts forward a scientific hypothesis about the electrical nature of the northern lights. The Morning Reflection ... depicts a scientifically reliable picture of the sun's surface, as it was imagined in the 18th century:

Then from all countries would open
The Ocean burning forever.
There the fiery ramparts strive
And they find no shores;
There are fiery whirlwinds spinning,
Fighting for many centuries;
There stones, like water, boil,
The rains are burning there.

In these odes, the image of a man-researcher appears, he is like a titan-discoverer who asks the Creator:

Creator covered with darkness for me
Stretch out the rays of wisdom,
And whatever is before You,
Always teach to create.
("Morning Reflection ...")

The lyrical hero of these poems seeks to penetrate the secrets of the universe, to learn the laws of nature:

But where, nature, is your law?
Dawn rises from midnight countries!
Does the sun not place its throne there?
Is it not the ice-men who obscure the fire of the sea?
This cold flame has covered us!
Behold, day has entered the night on earth!

At the same time, he speaks of the confusion of man in front of the unknowability of the laws of the universe:

The abyss has opened, full of stars,
The stars are innumerable, the abyss of the bottom.
A grain of sand like in the waves of the sea
How small is a spark in eternal ice,
Like fine dust in a strong whirlwind,
In a fierce fire as a feather,
So I, in this abyss, deepened,
I am lost, tired of thoughts!

Belief in the human mind, the desire to know the "secrets of many worlds" are combined in these spiritual odes with admiration for the boundless creative power of the Creator, whose immeasurable greatness manifests itself in the structure of the world, pictures of grandiose nature, its power and strength. This brings the poet into awe, similar to the spiritual state of the author of the biblical psalms, and is clothed in a poetic picture saturated with powerful images;

Freed from the dark night
Fields, hills, seas and forest,
And they opened to our eyes,
Filled with your miracles.
There all flesh calls out:
"Great is our Lord!"

Idea and pathos. In the spiritual odes of Lomonosov, not only his most important ideas were expressed, but also the creative individuality of the writer was reflected. Lomonosov, with all the power of his encyclopedic scientific thinking, creates grandiose cosmic pictures, in the description of which the lyrical emotions of human delight in the harmony of divine creation, as well as the feeling of inscrutable divine Providence and the incomprehensibility of deep connections, the ultimate reasons underlying the universe, merge.

The poet expresses in these spiritual odes the feeling of being lost and the religious enthusiasm of man, which engulfs his mind while contemplating the majestic pictures of nature. A person who grew up in the midst of a harsh majestic nature. North and who became her researcher and singer, the picture of pristine nature evokes a special attitude:

This awful bulk
Like a spark before You alone!
Oh, if the bright lamp
By you, God, is kindled,
For our daily affairs,
What have you commanded us to do!

("Morning Meditation on God's Majesty"),

It is this emotional dissonance - on the one hand, delight caused by the feeling of divine harmony and interconnection of all the elements of the universe, on the other - confusion in front of the unknowability of the world - that generates a complex double intonation in Lomonosov's spiritual odes. They are a hymn and an elegy at the same time.

The meaning of the work. Lomonosov's spiritual odes are rightfully recognized as the most artistically perfect poetic works of the writer. The copper fortress of their style is surprisingly in harmony with the grandeur of the images drawn. In the future, more than once Russian literature again and again turned to spiritual problems, creating the highest artistic creations that brought her world fame. At the end of the 18th century, Derzhavin continued the work of Lomonosov, and then in the poetry of the 19th century, Tyutchev's natural-philosophical poetry inherited the traditions of Lomonosov's spiritual odes, especially in the creation of paintings of a night landscape. Of course, classicism with its strict division into styles and genres has irrevocably gone into the past, the odes so popular among writers of this literary trend have been replaced by other poetic genres. But the very intensity of the spiritual quest, expressed in the sublime artistic images associated with the biblical fundamental principle, could not exhaust itself. In Russian literature, he was reflected in its prophetic branch, which gave us the unforgettable "Prophets" of Pushkin and Lermontov, who forever linked together in Russian literature the name of the Poet with the lofty mission of the Prophet.

One can talk endlessly about the personality of Mikhail Lomonosov. He had a rare talent for thinking rationally, and at the same time, he was not alien to the lyrics. Lomonosov believed that not only scientific works, but also poetry should serve the fatherland, be useful.

However, in 1743 an unfortunate incident happened, as a result of which the great scientist was imprisoned. Lomonosov was known for his tough temper and adherence to principles. Due to a dispute with foreign scientists, he had to spend 8 months behind bars. But even this difficult period he spends with benefit: he writes scientific works and poems. It was then that the work "Evening Meditation on God's Majesty" was written. Despite the mention of the Lord in the title, the church expressed outrage at this work. Since many of Lomonosov's thoughts about the structure of the Universe were materialistic in nature.

The poet does not deny the existence of God, but he also believes in science. It can be assumed that the philosophy of deism was close to Lomonosov. He did not recognize religious dogmatism, but admired nature, which could not arise from anywhere.

The ode begins with a figurative description of the onset of night: "the day hides his face." The evening sky is amazing: an abyss full of stars opens up. The poet says that there are no numbers of stars, and the bottom of the abyss. The lyrical hero does not just think about the Universe in the evening. Indeed, at this time a person is not so burdened with deeds, and can think about something truly Great.

The narrator compares himself to a grain of sand in the sea, a small spark. He is just a piece of the universe, but wants to know its secrets, so he is deepened into the abyss. In trying to find answers, he gets lost and tired of thoughts.

The author's reflections on the existence of different worlds are visible in the line: "There are many different lights." Mikhail Lomonosov refers to the opinion of "wise" people who believe that in the Universe there is not one Sun burning, but an uncountable number.

Much attention in the ode is paid to reflections on the nature of the northern lights. This unusual, even paradoxical, phenomenon haunted Mikhail Lomonosov. He studied the works of various scientists on this matter. In the work we see a reference to the theory of Christian von Wolff, who believed that the phenomenon is due to "subtle vapors": "the sun's rays shine, bending through the air towards us thick."

And the line "Or fat mountains are burning" refers to the theory of scientists from Breslavl. They associated the aurora borealis with volcanic lights that are reflected in the sea ice.

Oda was included in the collection "Rhetoric" in 1748. The poet more than once made corrections to the poem, trying to achieve harmony of scientific thought. As a result, he created a wonderful ode in which the reflections of the scientist and the lyrics are harmoniously combined.