• Target: to characterize the development of Latin American countries in the post-war period, to show the struggle between democratic and anti-democratic forces, to reveal the features of the development of the leading countries of the region, to characterize US policy in Latin America; to consolidate the skills of analysis and resistance of historical material, the ability to consider historical phenomena in specific historical conditions; to cultivate a sense of respect for the history of other states and peoples.

  • Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile.
  • Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador.
  • Venezuela, Guyana, Guyana, Suriname.
  • Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
  • Cuba and the West Indies.
  • Costa Rica, Colombia, Nicaragua, Panama.

the date

Events

Creation of the OAS

The coming of F. Castro to power in Cuba

The overthrow of President S. Allende in Chile, the establishment of the military dictatorship of General A. Pinochet

Sandinista victory in the guerrilla war in Nicaragua

Establishment of democratic regimes in Latin America

Latifundism




  • development of agrarian and raw material economy for export;
  • latifundism;
  • urbanization;
  • the low standard of living of the majority of the population;
  • a region of political instability, contradictions;
  • uneven development of the countries of the region;
  • 90% of the population are Catholics.

During the war, Latin America becomes source of goods to warring Europe, which boosted its economy. Output in 1958 exceeded the pre-war 3 times . They played an important role in this national reformist parties in the 40-50s. Often these were populist parties and movements such as peronism in Argentina.

Argentine dictator General Juan Peron. 1946-1955 1973-1974

Rally in Buenos Aires in support of Eva and Juan Peron.


Perón government carried out the nationalization of foreign property, created a public sector in the economy, adopted labor laws, improved the situation of workers . Huge influence in the country receives and his wife Eva Peron . With all the advantages of the Peron regime, it was an ordinary junta characteristic of Latin America.

Evita's crystal coffin in Buenos Aires.

Evita Peron. 1919-1952


Celebration in honor of the overthrow of Perón in 1955

Funeral of Evita Perón in 1952


Anastasio Somoza(1925 - 1980) - President of Nicaragua in 1967-1972, and in 1972-1979. He was the de facto head of the country from 1967 to 1979. He was the last ruler of family "dynasty" Somoza who has ruled Nicaragua since 1936.

Like his father and brother, A. Somoza continued to rule the country, relying on American military and economic assistance, the aristocracy and a well-armed and trained 12,000-strong guard, whose officer corps was a closed and privileged caste.


A similar course was pursued by the government of Mexico and Brazil in the presidency J. Vargas /1951-1954 In other countries, L.A. Power is replaced by revolutions. Revolution literally migrate together with leaders from one country to another. After Cuban Revolution 1959 . revolutions follow in Bolivia, Venezuela.

J. Vargas, President of Brazil 1951-1954


F. Castro, leader of the Cuban revolution.

Contemporary photo of F. Castro.

Che Guevara




In the second half of the twentieth century, the countries of Latin America are moving to capital accumulation from foreign investment . Thanks to the reforms, by 1980 GDP had surpassed the 1960 level by 3.5 times . Free trade zones were created, such as NAPHTHA , established in 2005 Pan American Free Trade Area.

Rio de Janeiro


The policy of the juntas led to their hostility by society towards the end of the 20th century. Military regimes were overthrown in 1983 in Brazil and Uruguay, 1989 in Paraguay, in 1990 the Pinochet regime in Chile is overthrown.

Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, 1973-1990 /1998/


Destructive violent forms of political struggle, so characteristic of Latin American history, began to be replaced by constructive, democratic ones. For the first time in history, by the end of the twentieth century. Latin America is developing without dictatorships and revolutions.

President of Venezuela

Hugo Chavez



International organizations

1948- OAS

1959- Inter-American Development Bank

1960- Latin American Association

free trade, which in 1980

converted to LAI

1975- Latin American

economic system

1991- MERCOSUR

1992- NAFTA


Ukrainian diaspora:

Brazil - 450 thousand people;

Argentina - 250 thousand people;

Paraguay - 12 thousand people;

Uruguay - 10 thousand people;

Venezuela - 2 thousand people


Page 255
Questions 1 - 5
Exercise 1

They gained national independence in the 19th century.
After World War II - economic
rise through military immigration
criminals and capitals from Europe
National dependency on the USA
The basis of the economy is the development of export
agrarian and raw materials economy (Cuba - sugar, Chile copper and saltpeter, Brazil - coffee, etc.)
Agriculture is dominated by large
land holdings

Latin America after World War II

Urbanization through social programs is not
affects the development of industry (?)
Low standard of living for the most part
population
Religiosity. Latin Americans - half
Catholics of the world
political instability -
coups, military regimes,
extremist groups, influence
drug mafia, guerrilla movement

Latin American countries in the 1950s and 60s

Agricultural revolutions:
– land redistributed according to interests
peasants
- nationalized foreign agricultural
companies
growth of the revolutionary movement:
1955 - overthrow of the military regime in Argentina
1958 Revolution in Cuba
1962 revolution in Bolivia

Latin American countries in the 1970s and 80s

growth of the revolutionary movement:
1978 - civil war in Nicaragua
1979 - Communist coup in Granada
1980 - Civil War in El Salvador
Reforms in Mexico, Guatemala, Peru, Panama,
Ecuador, Chile:
- Conducting industrialization
- Nationalization of the extractive industry
- Development of tourism

Latin American countries in the 1980s

in Latin American countries are approved
-
democratic regimes. 1980 - Peru, 1982 Bolivia, 1983 - Argentina, 1985 - Brazil,
Guatemala, Honduras, Uruguay, 1989 - El Salvador and
Paraguay, 1990 - Chile, and by 1992 in all others,
except Cuba
participation in the international division of labor
solving the problem of public finances through
public sector privatization
the economy is socially oriented
decrease in foreign debt
Brazil, Argentina, Mexico approached the group
industrialized countries.

International organizations of developing countries

Page 255 task 2
Search the internet for the
international organizations and specify:
- Creation date
- Full name and abbreviation
- Purposes of creation

Similar Documents

    General information about the country. Political system. Population. General characteristics of the economy. Britain after World War II. Winds of change. Harold Macmillan. Industry. Agriculture. Transport. Foreign economic relations.

    abstract, added 04/05/2006

    The contradictions of American public life, their actualization after the end of the war. Features of the domestic and foreign policy of the US presidential administration - from the post-war years to the present day. The actions of presidents in office, the results of their presidency.

    presentation, added 11/04/2016

    The study of the key characteristics of the process of formation of foreign and domestic policy of Great Britain after the Second World War. Survey of the activity of political parties. Study of the current political situation. The main trends of cultural development.

    abstract, added 04/15/2014

    Results of the Second World War for the countries of Western and Central Europe and the USA. General in the development of Eastern European countries in the 50s. German economic miracle. Reducing the level of conventional weapons in the late 80s - early 90s. The collapse of the Soviet Union.

    test, added 10/29/2014

    Study of the situation of the Scandinavian countries before the First World War. Causes of strong pro-German sentiment in Sweden. Political and cultural ties. Declaration of neutrality. Political and economic courses of Sweden, Denmark and Norway after the war.

    article, added 08/07/2017

    The transition from dictatorship to a democratic form of government in Argentina and Brazil at the end of the 20th century. The constitutional government of the radicals led by Alfonsin in Argentina. Civil government of Sarney in Brazil. The overthrow of the Pinochet dictatorship in Chile.

    abstract, added 09/18/2009

    Characteristics of the economic and social development of the United States in the postwar years. The consequences of the Second World War for America, the reasons for the announcement of the "cold war" by G. Truman to the Soviet Union. Economic crisis of 1957-1958 and ways to overcome it by R. Reagan.

    abstract, added 01/25/2010

    The main causes of the Second World War. Anti-Hitler bloc, the main stages of the war. Battle for Moscow in 1941-1942. Battle of Stalingrad 1942-1943 Battle of Kursk 1943. Results of the Second World War. The significance of military operations for the Soviet Union.

    presentation, added 02/16/2014

    Military actions of the Western powers against Japan. The speech of the USSR against Japan. Diplomacy after the conference in Yalta. Military and diplomatic actions against Japan before the intervention of the USSR and after. Operations of the Pacific Front of the Second World War.

    term paper, added 07/30/2011

    International position and foreign policy of the Soviet Union after the Great Patriotic War and World War II. Cold War, Truman Doctrine. Internal policy of the USSR. Atomic weapons, agriculture. Socio-political and cultural life.

Geographical position Geographical position The United Mexican States is one of the largest countries in Latin America. Its territory is equal to 1958.2 thousand square kilometers. In terms of territory, among the countries of the Western Hemisphere, Mexico ranks fifth. In the north, it borders on the United States of America, in the south - on Guatemala and Belize. Mexico is a mountainous country, more than 50% of its territory is located above 1000 meters above sea level. The only plain is the Yucatan Peninsula, narrow lowlands also stretch along the ocean coasts. Water resources are distributed extremely unevenly, which, together with other factors, creates difficulties for agriculture. Many areas of Mexico are farming. Many parts of Mexico need irrigation. need irrigation. The country is rich in minerals: oil, gas, mercury, silver, zinc, lead, oil, gas, mercury, silver, zinc, lead, uranium and others. Explored oil reserves are about 9.8 billion tons, natural gas is billions of cubic meters. Mexico, the world's largest producer of silver, ranks seventh in the world in the extraction of zinc, sulfur and salt, a place in the world in the extraction of zinc, sulfur and salt, and fourth in lead and mercury. fourth - lead and mercury.


In terms of population, Mexico is the third country in the Western Hemisphere. In 1983 The country's population was over 70 million people. The official language is Spanish, but Indian languages ​​are widely spoken in many remote areas. Mexico City, the capital of the country, is home to 12.7 million people. Together with nearby cities, Mexico City forms one of the largest urban conglomerations in the world, which is home to 20% of the country's population. It is the largest industrial center in Latin America, and it and other cities of the Mexico Valley account for about 60% of the country's industrial potential. In terms of population, Mexico is the third country in the Western Hemisphere. In 1983 The country's population was over 70 million people. The official language is Spanish, but Indian languages ​​are widely spoken in many remote areas. Mexico City, the capital of the country, is home to 12.7 million people. Together with nearby cities, Mexico City forms one of the largest urban conglomerations in the world, which is home to 20% of the country's population. It is the largest industrial center in Latin America, and it and other cities of the Mexico Valley account for about 60% of the country's industrial potential.


Mexico is a federal republic consisting of 31 states and the Federal District. Supreme power is exercised by the president, who is the head of government. Mexico is a federal republic consisting of 31 states and the Federal District. Supreme power is exercised by the president, who is the head of government. Legislative power is vested in the National Congress, which consists of the Chamber of Deputies, elected for a term of three years, and the Senate, which elects two senators from each state for a term of six years. Legislative power is vested in the National Congress, which consists of the Chamber of Deputies, elected for a term of three years, and the Senate, which elects two senators from each state for a term of six years.


HISTORICAL SUMMARY The Spanish conquerors, who discovered the New World, captured Mexico in the years. Mexico became a Spanish colony. A brutal colonial regime was established. Mexico has become the largest supplier of gold and silver to the mother country. The Spanish conquerors, who discovered the New World, captured Mexico in the years. Mexico became a Spanish colony. A brutal colonial regime was established. Mexico has become the largest supplier of gold and silver to the mother country. A powerful revolutionary upsurge in the country occurred at the beginning of the 19th century. But the proclamation of the republic and the adoption of the constitution in 1821. did not stop the internal political struggle between conservatives and liberals. This led to the instability of power. For seven years (s) more than 20 presidents have been replaced. One coup d'état followed another. A powerful revolutionary upsurge in the country occurred at the beginning of the 19th century. But the proclamation of the republic and the adoption of the constitution in 1821. did not stop the internal political struggle between conservatives and liberals. This led to the instability of power. For seven years (s) more than 20 presidents have been replaced. One coup d'état followed another.


The United States took advantage of the internal strife and instability in the country. In the mid-1930s, the United States began its expansion to the south. And as a result, the US seized 2.2 million square kilometers of Mexico. It contains the current North American states of Texas, California, Arizona, and New Mexico. The United States took advantage of the internal strife and instability in the country. In the mid-1930s, the United States began its expansion to the south. And as a result, the US seized 2.2 million square kilometers of Mexico. It contains the current North American states of Texas, California, Arizona, and New Mexico. By the beginning of the bourgeois-democratic revolution in Mexico (), foreign capital controlled the main industries. American and British companies have taken leading positions in mining, oil and other industries. The oil fields of Mexico were exploited in the most predatory way. Mexico advanced to one of the first places in oil production, which in 1911 amounted to a thousand barrels. By the beginning of the bourgeois-democratic revolution in Mexico (), foreign capital controlled the main industries. American and British companies have taken leading positions in mining, oil and other industries. The oil fields of Mexico were exploited in the most predatory way. Mexico advanced to one of the first places in oil production, which in 1911 amounted to a thousand barrels.


The world economic crisis (gg.) Sharply aggravated class and social contradictions, strengthened anti-imperialist sentiments in the country. A characteristic feature of the transformations in the 1930s was the creation of the state sector of the economy, which was supposed to contribute to social changes and the independent development of the country. The nationalization of oil and other measures aimed at independent development and the restriction of foreign capital caused discontent both at home and abroad. But under the influence of the events connected with the beginning of the Second World War, the predominant influence in the state was acquired by forces oriented towards closer ties with foreign and, above all, with American capital. The world economic crisis (gg.) Sharply aggravated class and social contradictions, strengthened anti-imperialist sentiments in the country. A characteristic feature of the transformations in the 1930s was the creation of the state sector of the economy, which was supposed to contribute to social changes and the independent development of the country. The nationalization of oil and other measures aimed at independent development and the restriction of foreign capital caused discontent both at home and abroad. But under the influence of the events connected with the beginning of the Second World War, the predominant influence in the state was acquired by forces oriented towards closer ties with foreign and, above all, with American capital. In 1976 José López Portillo assumed the presidency. The government's program was defined as follows: an appropriate distribution of wealth through the exercise of the right to work. But the reforms carried out by the government were not completed to the end. In 1976 José López Portillo assumed the presidency. The government's program was defined as follows: an appropriate distribution of wealth through the exercise of the right to work. But the reforms carried out by the government were not completed to the end.




GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ECONOMY AND SPECIFICS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT Mexico is the most developed country in Latin America. In terms of GNP and industrial output, it ranks second in the region, second only to Brazil in these indicators. So the average annual GDP growth from 1965 to 1970. was equal to 6.9%; in the years - 6.3%. During the global economic crisis, this figure declined, and then in the years. rose to %. Mexico is the most developed country in Latin America. In terms of GNP and industrial output, it ranks second in the region, second only to Brazil in these indicators. So the average annual GDP growth from 1965 to 1970. was equal to 6.9%; in the years - 6.3%. During the global economic crisis, this figure declined, and then in the years. rose to %. And although Mexico's GDP has grown more than 1.5 times over the past ten years, it still lags far behind in per capita income from developed capitalist countries, and among Latin American countries it ranks third after Argentina and Venezuela. And although Mexico's GDP has grown more than 1.5 times over the past ten years, it still lags far behind in per capita income from developed capitalist countries, and among Latin American countries it ranks third after Argentina and Venezuela. Entering a new phase of its industrial development, Mexico used financial and material support from developed countries, primarily the United States. At the same time, specialization and cooperation were carried out on the basis of the gradual integration of the economic structures of Mexico with the economies of the developed capitalist countries. These factors left a deep imprint on the economic development of Mexico, giving it a contradictory character. Entering a new phase of its industrial development, Mexico used financial and material support from developed countries, primarily the United States. At the same time, specialization and cooperation were carried out on the basis of the gradual integration of the economic structures of Mexico with the economies of the developed capitalist countries. These factors left a deep imprint on the economic development of Mexico, giving it a contradictory character. During the postwar years, the structure of the GNP underwent significant changes. The share of agriculture in it is constantly falling. So, in 1950. it was 23.8%, in 1970, and in 1978. - already 9.0%. The share of the manufacturing industry is gradually increasing. However, in terms of the level of manufacturing industry, Mexico still lags far behind the developed capitalist countries. In terms of general indicators of economic development, Mexico is approaching a country like Spain, yielding to it only in terms of per capita output. During the postwar years, the structure of the GNP underwent significant changes. The share of agriculture in it is constantly falling. So, in 1950. it was 23.8%, in 1970, and in 1978. - already 9.0%. The share of the manufacturing industry is gradually increasing. However, in terms of the level of manufacturing industry, Mexico still lags far behind the developed capitalist countries. In terms of general indicators of economic development, Mexico is approaching a country like Spain, yielding to it only in terms of per capita output.


Describing the industry as a whole, it should be noted that 80.7% of all manufacturing enterprises are small-scale industries owned by national or private capital and using national technology. They basically provide employment for the population. In 1960 the share of small and medium-sized enterprises in the manufacturing industry accounted for 71.5% of all manufactured products and 79.5% of all employed in the industry. Describing the industry as a whole, it should be noted that 80.7% of all manufacturing enterprises are small-scale industries owned by national or private capital and using national technology. They basically provide employment for the population. In 1960 the share of small and medium-sized enterprises in the manufacturing industry accounted for 71.5% of all manufactured products and 79.5% of all employed in the industry. The state is pursuing a policy of stimulating medium and small industry, for which purpose the Guarantee Fund for Stimulating Medium and Small Industry has been established. Preferential tax policy is implemented in relation to these enterprises. In the country's industrial development plans, great attention is paid to small and medium-sized industry. According to 1970 data. There were 1,007 large enterprises with 477,000 employees, medium enterprises with 365,000 employees, and small enterprises with 628,000 employees. The state is pursuing a policy of stimulating medium and small industry, for which purpose the Guarantee Fund for Stimulating Medium and Small Industry has been established. Preferential tax policy is implemented in relation to these enterprises. In the country's industrial development plans, great attention is paid to small and medium-sized industry. According to 1970 data. There were 1,007 large enterprises with 477,000 employees, medium enterprises with 365,000 employees, and small enterprises with 628,000 employees. Investments in the economy are provided mainly by increasing public investment. Public investment in the economy and social infrastructure grew at a fairly high rate during the years. Investments in the economy are provided mainly by increasing public investment. Public investment in the economy and social infrastructure grew at a fairly high rate during the years. An important factor in the economic development of Mexico was the growth of labor productivity. While the employment of the population from 1960 to 1977. increased by 2.1 times, the value of GDP for the same period increased by 4.7 times. An important factor in the economic development of Mexico was the growth of labor productivity. While the employment of the population from 1960 to 1977. increased by 2.1 times, the value of GDP for the same period increased by 4.7 times.


In 1972 the assets of foreign affiliates accounted for 52% of the assets of the 300 largest enterprises in the manufacturing industry. However, the adoption in 1973 the law to stimulate domestic and regulate foreign investment prevented further capitalization of the Mexican economy. The policy of the state in regulating the activities of foreign capital allows local companies to compete not quite with TNCs, but only with its branches in the country. Although foreign affiliates have given away a controlling stake, their influence is felt everywhere, since 90% of large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises use foreign technology, build their production on the basis of foreign equipment, brands and patents. In 1972 the assets of foreign affiliates accounted for 52% of the assets of the 300 largest enterprises in the manufacturing industry. However, the adoption in 1973 the law to stimulate domestic and regulate foreign investment prevented further capitalization of the Mexican economy. The policy of the state in regulating the activities of foreign capital allows local companies to compete not quite with TNCs, but only with its branches in the country. Although foreign affiliates have given away a controlling stake, their influence is felt everywhere, since 90% of large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises use foreign technology, build their production on the basis of foreign equipment, brands and patents.


But despite import substitution and Mexicanization, foreign investment and imports of goods continue to grow rapidly. Despite all efforts, the government failed to stop the growth of inflation. In 1976 prices for consumer goods increased in comparison with 1973 by more than 1.5 times. All this, combined with the global economic crisis, forced the government to abandon the stability of the Mexican peso. But despite import substitution and Mexicanization, foreign investment and imports of goods continue to grow rapidly. Despite all efforts, the government failed to stop the growth of inflation. In 1976 prices for consumer goods increased in comparison with 1973 by more than 1.5 times. All this, combined with the global economic crisis, forced the government to abandon the stability of the Mexican peso. The years were difficult for the Mexican economy. A revival began in the second half of 1978, private sector investment increased, and inflation rates decreased. In 1979 GDP growth was 8%, employment increased by 7.6%. But in a difficult situation was agriculture, whose output fell by 3.5% years were difficult for the Mexican economy. A revival began in the second half of 1978, private sector investment increased, and inflation rates decreased. In 1979 GDP growth was 8%, employment increased by 7.6%. But agriculture was in a difficult position, the production of which decreased by 3.5%.


Industry in Mexico developed at a high pace. Oil production, production in the branches of the petrochemical complex, the cement industry and mechanical engineering grew rapidly. Industry in Mexico developed at a high pace. Oil production, production in the branches of the petrochemical complex, the cement industry and mechanical engineering grew rapidly. Mexico was the first in the capitalist world to nationalize the oil industry, expropriating in 1938. property of 17 foreign companies. It was transferred into the hands of the state organization Petroles Mechanos (Pemex). Pemex is the backbone of the public sector of the economy, and the oil and oil refining industry has become a major sector of the economy, the proceeds of which go to the development of other industries, infrastructure and agriculture. Mexico was the first in the capitalist world to nationalize the oil industry, expropriating in 1938. property of 17 foreign companies. It was transferred into the hands of the state organization Petroles Mechanos (Pemex). Pemex is the backbone of the public sector of the economy, and the oil and oil refining industry has become a major sector of the economy, the proceeds of which go to the development of other industries, infrastructure and agriculture. At the moment, much attention is paid to the development of the private sector in the Mexican economy. According to the decree of August 15, 1983. on the development and activities of the maquiladoras sector, enterprises of this type can be created everywhere. The decree provides for the possibility of establishing such enterprises in the export free zone with 100% foreign ownership, which puts them in special conditions compared to most foreign companies operating in Mexico, whose ownership in equity capital is limited to 49%. If in 1966 in Mexico, there were 12 enterprises of this type, which employed about 3 thousand people, then by the end of 1987. - already 1100 with more than 300 thousand people employed. At the moment, much attention is paid to the development of the private sector in the Mexican economy. According to the decree of August 15, 1983. on the development and activities of the maquiladoras sector, enterprises of this type can be created everywhere. The decree provides for the possibility of establishing such enterprises in the export free zone with 100% foreign ownership, which puts them in special conditions compared to most foreign companies operating in Mexico, whose ownership in equity capital is limited to 49%. If in 1966 in Mexico, there were 12 enterprises of this type, which employed about 3 thousand people, then by the end of 1987. - already 1100 with more than 300 thousand people employed.


FOREIGN TRADE AND FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS Foreign trade in Mexico has always been of great importance. It is one of the main sources of foreign exchange, which is used to purchase equipment necessary for the development of industry, and raw materials. Foreign trade in Mexico has always been of great importance. It is one of the main sources of foreign exchange, which is used to purchase equipment necessary for the development of industry, and raw materials. A characteristic feature of foreign trade turnover for a long time was a chronic excess of imports over exports. A characteristic feature of foreign trade turnover for a long time was a chronic excess of imports over exports. The structure of imports indicates that the country buys mainly machinery, raw materials for industry, in some years food and consumer goods. In addition to the United States, major importers of Mexican products are Spain, Japan, Germany, Brazil and others. The structure of imports indicates that the country buys mainly machinery, raw materials for industry, in some years food and consumer goods. In addition to the United States, major importers of Mexican products are Spain, Japan, Germany, Brazil and others. In 1980 exports increased to $15.3 billion, of which $10 billion is oil. In 1980 exports increased to $15.3 billion, of which $10 billion is oil.


CONCLUSION Now the Mexican model is going through a crisis, so Now the Mexican model is going through a crisis, since the country's economic successes have turned out to be extremely controversial. In particular, the economic growth in Mexico was accompanied by increased penetration of foreign capital. Dominating positions (about 60%) belong to the foreign capital of the USA, although in recent years the inflow of investments from Western Europe and Japan has increased significantly. Along with this, Mexico is increasingly resorting to foreign loans and credits, although export earnings do not cover financial obligations. How the country's economic success proved to be extremely controversial. In particular, the economic growth in Mexico was accompanied by increased penetration of foreign capital. Dominating positions (about 60%) belong to the foreign capital of the USA, although in recent years the inflow of investments from Western Europe and Japan has increased significantly. Along with this, Mexico is increasingly resorting to foreign loans and credits, although export earnings do not cover financial obligations. With petrodollars pouring into the country, the government hopes to make a quick leap in economic development, as well as cope with unemployment. Mexico's external debt is $80 billion. Only payments on state debt absorb 70% of the sale of oil. This led to multiple devaluations of the peso. With petrodollars pouring into the country, the government hopes to make a quick leap in economic development, as well as cope with unemployment. Mexico's external debt is $80 billion. Only payments on state debt absorb 70% of the sale of oil. This led to multiple devaluations of the peso. At the end of 1982 There was a change of government in Mexico. At the end of 1982 There was a change of government in Mexico. The new president, Meguel de la Madrid, announced that he sees his main task in the strictest economy, the fight against inflation and unemployment. The new president, Meguel de la Madrid, announced that he sees his main task in the strictest economy, the fight against inflation and unemployment. As a result of the adopted austerity measures, as well as restrictions on imports in the first four months of 1983. Mexico had a trade surplus of over $4 billion. The influx of tourists into the country also contributed to the growth in income. As a result of the adopted austerity measures, as well as restrictions on imports in the first four months of 1983. Mexico had a trade surplus of over $4 billion. The influx of tourists into the country also contributed to the growth in income. In June 1983 The government has published a plan for the national development of the country for the years. The main goal of this plan is to slow down inflation and provide employment. Moreover, financing will rely more on internal reserves, and not on external loans. In June 1983 The government has published a plan for the national development of the country for the years. The main goal of this plan is to slow down inflation and provide employment. Moreover, financing will rely more on internal reserves, and not on external loans. Now in power is President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, who continues to implement the reforms of Miguel da la Madrid. Now in power is President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, who continues to implement the reforms of Miguel da la Madrid.



Latin America in the second half Latin America in the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries. During the war, Latin America becomes a source of goods to warring Europe, which boosted its economy. The output of products in 1958 exceeded the pre-war level by 3 times. An important role in this was played by the national reformist parties in the 1940s and 1950s. Often these were populist parties and movements, such as Peronism in Argentina. February 1946 was elected president. 1. Nationalization of foreign property 2. Adopted economic development plans 3. Adopted labor legislation 4. Improved the situation of workers.

Juan Peron

1973-1974 Rally in Buenos Aires in support of Eva and Juan Peron. National reformism and modernization Import-substituting industrialization is a policy of encouraging the production of those goods and products that were previously imported into the country. Mexico's National Reformist Path Features of the Democratic Regime:

  • Strong presidential power
  • The policy of concessions to the labor movement
  • agrarian reform
    • Conclusion: The growth of economic ties led Mexico to participate in the integration system of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Left nationalist remes Ernesto Guevara Latin American revolutionary. Argentina. Took part in the Cuban Revolution. To summarize As a result of military coups in the 1960s. in a number of countries (Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador) left-nationalist regimes came to power. Latin America in 1997-2000 Until the mid 1970s. modernization policy meant a course towards the creation of the public sector and the strengthening of state regulation, the protection of the national market. National reformism economic nationalism. The technological revolution in the developed capitalist countries and economic crises have accelerated the process of renewal of production. The technological revolution in the developed capitalist countries and economic crises have accelerated the process of renewal of production. Participation in the process of globalization is part of the strategy of Latin American countries. The essence of the strategy: the denationalization of property and the promotion of the mechanisms of a free market economy. The idea of ​​free trade on the continent. The idea of ​​free trade on the continent. 1991 agreement on the creation of the Common Market for the countries of the south of the continent. 2001 Declaration on the establishment in 2005 of the Pan-American Free Trade Area. (Except Cuba) Transition to democratization in 1980s Assignment: Read the paragraph "The transition to democratization in the 1980s." and answer the question p. 253 No. 4 - "Identify the reasons for the transition to democratization in Latin America" ​​Home building P.28, questions after the paragraph orally.