The theory of continuous and separate spelling of adverbs. “Spelling of adverbs. As it is written with adverbs, the prefix в-

The peculiarity of the adverb in Russian is such that this part of speech has no conjugation and does not change in gender, case and number. The spelling of adverbs depends on several factors, each of which is described in this article. In addition, there are available examples for each rule, as well as exceptions to them.

Spelling features of adverbs

Adverb in Russian- This is an independent part of speech that does not change in numbers, gender and cases and does not have conjugation. In word combinations, it can adjoin other adverbs, verbs, adjectives and nouns. The spelling of adverbs depends on the way they are formed and on which syllable is stressed in the word.

Fusion and separate spelling of adverbs

table Fusion and separate spelling of adverbs includes rules, examples and exceptions.

Are written together		Written separately
Adverbs formed from adverbs, pronouns or adjectives with prefixes	Impossible, forever, why, because in the heat of the moment, cleanly, manually, directly	Prepositional adverbs formed from words that begin with a vowel	In the morning, in the open, crazy
Adverbs formed from unused nouns in modern speech	To smithereens, old, down, early	Adverbs formed from prepositions without, before, with, under and nouns	On the run, without restraint, to the tip, in a big way Exceptions: to the ground, to the bottom, to the top, soda, foolishly, from the shoulder, in a row, sometimes
Prefixed adverbs in-, na-, formed from collective numerals	Three, four, seven	Adverbs formed from collective numerals and a preposition on	Four, one hundred
Adverbs with the meaning of space and time	Forward, upward, first	If a noun in an adverb has retained its case form	On bail (bail), under the arms (under the arm), on the conscience (on the conscience)
Adverbs in which the noun cannot be questioned	Out loud, half in the morning	Adverbs in which a defining word can be added between a preposition and a noun	At a gallop (at full gallop), to a dead end (to a dead end in life)
Preposition adverbs v, particles floor and noun	Exceptions: half-face, half-apple, half-egg	Prepositional adverbs in, on and nouns with endings -ax (s)	In hearts, in heads, in joy Exceptions: in a hurry, in the dark, in a hurry

Hyphenated (semi-literal) spelling of adverbs

The following adverbs are written with a hyphen:

Formed from pronouns and full adjectives with a prefix in (in Japanese, in a different way, in your opinion).
Formed from ordinal numbers with a prefix in- (in-) (secondly, thirdly, fifthly).
Particle adverbs -somehow, -or, -this, so (from somewhere, someone, something).
Complex adverbs formed by repeating the same word or two synonyms (little by little, a long time ago, a little bit).

The rules set out in the variation tables will allow you to focus on the continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of adverbs.

Spelling of adverbs formed from adjectives, numerals, pronouns and adverbs

The part of speech from which the adverb is formed	Hyphen spelling	Fused spelling	Separate spelling
Adjective	ON + ... WMD, HIM, AND (bird-like)	With all the prefixes (dry, hot, wasted, random).	9 excl. (in general, in the open, in general, on the side, on the world, on the commemorative, backward, small is small and from small to large).
Numeral	IN + ... YH, THEM (secondly).	With prefixes B, ZA, HA (three times, at the same time, in two).	With software prefix (one at a time)
Pronoun	ON + ... WMD, HIM (differently).	With any prefixes (draw), and decree. and with software (therefore).	2 excl. (not in myself, not in myself).
Adverb	Repetition of the basis, including a modified, synonymous one, as well as the addition of THAT, ANYTHING, ANYTHING (unexpectedly, sometime).	With any prefixes (the day before yesterday).	When substantivating (i.e. used in the meaning of a noun) (until tomorrow).

Table 2

Spelling of adverbs derived from nouns

Together

Apart

A word without a prefix is not used (alert)
You cannot put a definition between a prefix and a noun (vying, at the ready)
You cannot put a case question with the pretext (wade). You can - with noun: enter (what?) In the ford
Spatio-temporal adverbs derived from noun. CENTURY, UP, HIGH, DEPTH, DAL, BEGINNING, WIDTH, without a dependent question with a pretext (look into the distance). At the head. word - noun. (into the misty distance); at pad. question with a pretext - n .: to peer (at what?) into the distance.

In the meaning of adverbs, 2 case forms of the word are used (under wraps, under wraps)
Between a preposition and n. you can put a definition (on a grand scale - on a grand scale)
The adverb consists of two case forms of one noun. (honor honor)
Figurative meaning (in hearts)
Prepositions WITHOUT, BEFORE, FOR, POD, C + n., Or its likeness (until I drop, after midnight)
Preposition B + a word starting with a vowel, including adjectives, numerals: in exchange, point-blank, alone, in general, in both

Table 3

It is difficult to identify adverbs related to nouns, adjectives, pronouns. Find out them, understand the spelling will help table number 3.

Adverbs and nouns with a preposition. Adverbs and adjectives with a preposition. Adverbs and pronouns with a preposition
	Nouns, adjectives, pronouns	Adverbs
Examples of	From the beginning, to the top, to the distance, to the depths, during Since the beginning of autumn, the rains have charged	First, into the distance, deep, up, in time At first we were going to go south, but then we changed our minds.
Differentiation methods	An adjective or pronoun or question can be inserted between a noun and a preposition; after such a noun there is a dependent word. From the very beginning of autumn, the rains have charged	Can be replaced by a synonym with an adverb, you cannot insert a question
Examples of	New, festive - Everyone wanted to drive along the new highway that day.	In a new way, in a festive way They decided to build the house in a new way.
Differentiation methods	The adjective answers the question FOR WHAT? and in a sentence is a definition. A question can be inserted between a preposition and an adjective. On (what?) New highway that day everyone wanted to drive.	The adverb answers the question HOW? and in the sentence is a circumstance

Table 4

This table will allow you to quickly remember the rules and navigate them.

Adverbs, adverbial combinations:

Hyphenated

Together

Apart

Po - in adverbs on -m, -m, -ki, -i:

In a bad way, BUT:

In an amicable way,

Russian, wolfish

In (in) - in adverbs in -s, -ths:

At first,

Thirdly.

Particles something, something, or something. - anyway, - so with adverbs:

here and there,

Once upon a time

Somewhere

For some reason,

Good.

Complex adverbs formed repetition words, their bases, synonyms:

A little,

Little by little,

Exactly the same,

Podobru-pozdorovu.

On the mountain.

In a comparative degree more often;

Therefore, therefore,

why;

In adverbs in - at:

Side at, in the morning at ... BUT:

Adverb prefixes from adjectives:

Melee, BUT:

manually, to white,

for frequent, iskos,

white, remote, BUT:

easy, hot ...

Adverb prefixes from adverbs:

until now, forever,

where ... Wed:

left for tomorrow

(when? - adverb)

B-, na- adverbs from collective numerals:

in two

in five,

for two, for three ... Wed:

Adverbs denotingdirection, place:

To the side, in front, to the bottom,

to the top, from the back, from the side ...

Adverbs, the nominal part (without a prefix) of whichnot used separately: BUT:

In a lock, in a hurry,

for the familiar,

by the way,

off the clock ...

Adverb prefixes fromnouns (there are no explanatory words, you cannot ask a case question).

Wed with a combination

pretext

He put his cap on his side.

Without in adverbial combinations:

without looking back, to no avail,

Without asking,

To be blunt ...

Gut

B, Before before a vowel:

In a snapshot, in a pore,

in the open, in the general,

to the twilight, to the padu.

to the side, to the world, to backtrack.

With a noun in figurative meaning:

Confound.

reschedule for tomorrow (meaning of a noun).

Plural ( if this word exists - cf. NS. 6, center):

Behind the eyes, in the heads.

by two, by three.

Combinations with a preposition between words, words in different cases:

Side by side, trail after trail

Point to point;

Honor honor.

cm . p. 1, p. 2 +

publicly, fully armed, to the point of being worn out, on demolition, at the end, afloat, under a bunk, with the knowledge, from the end, with a pantalyku, not in a hurry

noun with

lay down on the other side.

Explain the spelling of adverbs; help rules will help you write them correctly.

Table 5

Spelling of adverbs

Together

Apart

With a preposition-prefix and words that are not used in modern language:to the ground, to smithereens.

Adverbs with a prefix formed from adverbs:for a long time, much.

If it is impossible to insert a word between the preposition-prefix and the root without changing the meaning: secretly, from the shoulder.

Adverbs with roots top, bottom, height, depth, distance, front, back, century, beginning, if there is no explanatory word for them: forever, at the beginning.
Adverbs in th: scattered, often.
Adverbs correlating with collective numerals with the prefix в- and na-: together, in two.

Adverbs in -ax denoting state, location, or time:in hearts, in heads, the other day.

Adverbs related to a noun, if the preposition-prefix ends in a consonant, followed by a vowel: tirelessly.

If between the preposition-prefix and the root you can insert a word without distorting the meaning: at a dead end, on the go.

The same adverbs, if there is an explanatory word for them: forever and ever, at the beginning of autumn.

The same adverbs with a preposition-prefix on: twos, threes.

To comprehend the theoretical material, to apply it during the exercises will help the diagram-algorithm.

Together, separately or with a hyphen?

Adverb

Separately: together:

The preposition ends in 1. Adverbs formed by the type

consonant, and the word begins with "preposition + I.S.", if it has no dependent

vowel: words and the question cannot be posed to him:

Skin-tight. above - at the top (what?) of the mountain;

After prepositions without, before, with, under to stand to death - to go (for what?) To death.

(except sometimes), for (except for marriage): 2. Adverbs then, why, because, why,

Without restraint. because, why, therefore, if they can

The word changes in cases to replace with another adverb:

or numbers: Why did you come? (why = why).

Under the arm - under the arm.

Complex adverbs formed by a combination of prepositions that have passed into prefixes and full or short adjectives and pronouns, ordinal numbers, repetition of the same word, can be written together, separately or through a hyphen.

Hyphenated adverbs are written:

On -m (-m), -i (-ski, -tski, -ki, -i) with prefix on-: on- its his, on- new oh, on- rus ski, on- dumb tski, on- bird s.
Exceptions:therefore, therefore, therefore, one at a time.

Formed by a combination of prefixes in- (in-) and ordinal: v- hundredths, in- the first.

Formed by repetition of the same root or synonymous words: barely, quietly, pleasantly, dearly, just the same, I will pick you up.

LITTLE		APART
The rule	Example	The rule	Example
An adverb is spelled together if it contains nouns that are not currently used	v glitch on obum on smarku v lock up v crumple is pocon	An adverb is written separately if the noun in the adverbial word has retained some case forms. Exceptions: on inside out (inside out), on alone (alone) on haste (not to rush).	on squat (on squatting) under mouse (under mouse) per border (per border)
An adverb is written in one piece if it is impossible to add a definition or pose a question to the noun that is part of it	v tightening v ford v hearing in time v will on showing	The adverb is written separately if a defining word can be inserted between the noun and the preposition	v measure ( v full measure) on go ( on full speed) on moment ( on one moment)
An adverb is written together if it is a combination of "Preposition + noun with the meaning of space and time": bottom, top, front, back, height, distance, depth, breadth, beginning, century. BUT: on- mountain(technical term).	v top with down v front v deep v century on top	An adverb is written separately if there is an explanation for the noun that is part of it	v deep into the lake v the beginning of the century in vacation time
Adverbs in th with prefixes v- , on- , per- . Exceptions: v open yu,on sides yu,on spot yu.	v dense yu on daring yu per frequent yu	An adverb is written separately if the noun in its composition is used in a figurative sense.	v fluff and dust v Eventually track v track put v dead end
Adverbs formed from a combination of prepositions with short adjectives are written together	on dullly with hot on white per lively	An adverb is written separately if it is formed from a preposition v and a noun for a vowel	v hug v emphasis v blow
Adverbs formed by a combination of prepositions are written together v, on	v two on three	An adverb is written separately if it is formed by a combination of a preposition on with collective numerals.	on two on three on one
Adverbs formed from a preposition and a pronoun are written together	in the whole on what on this per themes	An adverb is written separately if the pronoun included in it has a leading word	on this bridge in the whole breadth
Adverbs formed from a preposition and an adverb are written together.	before now on always per for nothing	Adverbs are written separately if they are formed from nouns with prepositions without, before, with, under . Exceptions: before aphids, before top, before bottom, with fool, with shoulder, with family, under hour, under row.	without looking back before stop with mind under become
Adverbs formed from a noun with floor- and preposition v . Exceptions: half-face, half-egg, half-apple		Adverbs are written separately if they are formed from nouns in -ax (s) and prepositions v, on . Exceptions: in the dark, in a hurry, in a hurry(nouns are not used now)	v hearts v in the dark on hours on trotting

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Fusion spelling of adverbs

Adverbs formed by the prefix or prefix-suffix methods from nouns with spatial and temporal meanings ( top, bottom, front, back, side, height, depth, distance, near, width, century, beginning)

For example: top → v top, v top at, before top at, To top at, on top, etc .;

bottom → v bottom, v bottom at, with bottom at etc.;

side → v side, on side, with side at(but: side by side, side by side)

height → v heights

depth → v deep

distance → v far, v gave and, poo distance;

near → v near and;

breadth → v width;

start → v started e, on started at, with started a;

century → v century, in century, in century and, before century at, on century, on century and ( but : forever and ever, from century to century).

Distinguish adverbs that are spelled together, and the phrases of nouns with a preposition that coincide with them in sound, are spelled separately.

adverb noun

Compare : go up (where?) up- climb to the top(what?) a tall tree.

Adverbs formed with the help of prefixes are written together in-, na- from collective numerals.

For example: v two, v three, v four, v ten,

on two, on three,

v two, v three, v four, v ten;

( n about: for three, for five, etc.)

Adverbs formed from nouns are written together with the first part half- ... For example: half vote, half turnover, half strength, half ear, half prices, etc.

Note: preposition combinations consonant with adverbs are written separately v and a compound word with the first part floor- and the second part is the name of the unit of measurement. For example: half a meter high, weighing half a ton.

Spelling of adverbial combinations that include nouns and numbers.

Separately written without, before, under, with and about with forms of nouns (including those not used outside these combinations).

For example:

endlessly, without tension, without bluntness, without breathing, indiscriminately, without asking, without stopping, without tiredness;

to the gut, to the point of being unrecognizable, to the bone, to the point of death, to death, to the point of dropping, to hell.

Do not forget, what before- with words of spatial and temporal meaning is written together ( top, bottom) .Remember that merged with before- an adverb is spelled to the ground .

close by, in the evening, on a turnkey basis, in the end, on a slope, under the handle, under the force, to match, in the morning, on the sly ( but: written together sometimes, in a row, drunk);

at death, with money;

in reserve.

Separately written adverbial preposition-prefix combinations with and the genitive forms of the noun ending in - at (-a ) .

For example:

in appearance, with hunger, with fright, with a flight, with a swing, with a swoop, with a fright, with a run, with acceleration, with a swing, on the move;

from fright, from flight, from a swoop, from a fright, from a run, from acceleration, from a swing.

Remember: written together right away, at once, from the shoulder;

Do not forget that adverbs formed from nouns with spatial and temporal meaning are written together, for example: side, top, bottom, first.

Separately written adverbial combinations of prepositions v and with with the second part starting with vowels.

For example:

in exchange, in an embrace, barely enough, tight-fitting, alone, overnight, in revenge, in an armful, in a hunt, at a loss, for the sake of pleasing, in reproach, point-blank, in reproach;

from a needle, from the inside out, with a look around, with apprehension, willingly, wisely, with intent.

Separately written adverbial combinations of a preposition on with collective numerals.

For example: by two, by three, by five.

Separately written adverbial combinations formed by repetition of nouns or numbers with a preposition and written in three or four words.

For example:

side by side, side to side, eye to eye, from hour to hour, foot to foot, footprint to footprint, hand in hand, hand to hand, from century to century, from year to year, time after time, time after time, from time to time, soul to soul, word for word, one on one, two on two, three on three.

Bibliography

Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and other Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - 13th ed. - M .: Bustard, 2009.
Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and other Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - 34th ed. - M .: Education, 2012.
Russian language. Practice. 7th grade. Ed. S.N. Pimenova - 19th ed. - M .: Bustard, 2012.
Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. Russian language. 7th grade. In 3 hours - 8th ed. - M .: Mnemosina, 2012.

Didactic materials. Section "Adverb" ().
Adverb as part of speech ().
Adverb as part of speech ().
Parts of speech in Russian ().

Homework

Exercises # 261, 262. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and other Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - M .: Education, 2012.

Task number 1. Rewrite and expand the parentheses.

(B) the forest is visible in the distance - (in) the blue steamer disappeared; (c) smoke is rising - (c) a dove flew up into the sky; (c) the age of not forgetting my friend - (c) the age of electronics; (c) a cape wears a coat - (c) a brocade cape is dressed; (during) time to come - (during) summer vacation; (to) raise your head at the top - (to) attach a flag to the top of the tent; (on) the face there were mistakes - (on) a lock of hair fell on the face; (for) there will be fun tomorrow - (for) tomorrow to reschedule the meeting; (on) the top to climb - (to) the top of the mountain to climb.

Task number 2. Rewrite using parentheses.

It gets dark quickly in the taiga. And despite the fact that we knew this, the darkness still caught us (in) by surprise. Parting the heavy thorny branches and feeling with our foot for the next bump, we (little) gradually moved forward (in) in front. It was completely dark, but, oddly enough, there was no salvation from gluttonous mosquitoes and midges as well as during the day.

The whole day we walked (to) the bottom of the river, but the river disappeared in the darkness, where (that) (s) left, and we had to go (on) guessing. Fortunately, the nearest hunting hut was (apparently) not far away. And indeed, when we (one by one) crossed a narrow perch, thrown across a swampy forest stream, and climbed the mountain, we found ourselves in front of the hut. Not wasting a minute and rejoicing in our hearts that our calculation was justified and we (at) got to the place, we tirelessly chopped the needles, sawed small branches with a hacksaw and laid them (cross) crosswise. My comrade no longer looks (is) under the forehead and even begins to read the poems that he once taught (for) memory.

With a quiet rustle, the wind swings the tops of the old cedars, as if heralding (for) tomorrow rain, and somewhere (that) (in) the distance some night bird is screaming.

Vowels at the end of adverbs

In adverbs with prefixes na-, za-, v- formed from short adjectives, the letter is written at the end O (clean, easy, right ), adverbs of the same origin with prefixes do-, s-, out- have a letter at the end a (fed up, long ago, again ). Some adverbs with a prefix with- at the end is written —Y (young, blind ).

Spelling O and E in adverb suffixes after sibilants

Under stress is written O (fresh, hot ), without stress - e (awkward, burning )

Soft sign b at the end of adverbs

After the hissing at the end, it is written b: gallop, backward, swing ... Exceptions: already, married, unbearable .

Spelling of negative adverbs with NOT and NO particles

s are NOT written together	s are NOT written separately	with NI are written together	with NI are written separately
nowhere	no need	nowhere	nothing, nothing, nothing
nowhere		nowhere	no way, no way,
once		never	in no way
no need		do not care
several		not at all

Fusion spelling of adverbs

Written together:

Adverbs formed by combining adverbs with prepositions ( as long as, forever, the day after tomorrow ), but combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words used in these cases in the meaning of nouns ( nullify, pass well, go with a bang ), compare: hit the road tomorrow(adverb meaning "the next day") - postponed departure until tomorrow(prepositional combination meaning "for tomorrow").
Compound adverbs v- and on- with collective numerals ( in two, in two, in two etc.), but: twos etc.
Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with short adjectives ( red hot, in the heat, in a nutshell ).
Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with full adjectives (fit close, search blindly) and pronouns ( at all, a draw ), but are written separately combinations of the preposition в with full adjectives starting with a vowel (play openly), as well as some formations with the preposition on ( to the side, to the world, to back down ).
Adverbs that have in their composition such nouns or such nominal forms that are not used in modern literary language ( enough, locked up, in reality, early and others), with a few exceptions: fully armed, publicly.
Adverbs, if between the preposition-prefix and the noun from which the adverb was formed, a definition (adjective, pronoun, numeral) cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun, for example: to run skipping, talk vying, refuse flatly . Compare: continuous spelling of adverbs and separate spelling of prepositional-case combinations: to pronounce in a stretch - to give the shoes in a stretch(cf .: in re-stretching), put on a cap on one side - turn on one side(cf .: on the right side); to be scared to death - to fight for life and death etc.
Adverbs with spatial and temporal meanings that include nouns: top, bottom, front, back, height, distance, depth, breadth, beginning, century... Although before some of them, it is possible to put the defining word ( forward, backward, downward, above, into the distance, first etc.). Separately, these words are usually written only if there are explanatory words for the indicated nouns in the sentence itself ( deep into centuries, into the distance foggy, at the beginning of the year, forever eternal, etc.).