Scientists argue: education is not only one of the basic human rights, it is a concrete, proven benefit for society as a whole. Formulate a system of evidence that education plays a significant role in social development.

Answers:

1. Education is knowledge, knowledge is necessary in any business. 2. If you graduated from school, respectively, you can go and get a job 3. Since you go to work, then you get money and you can feed yourself and generally live a normal life. Education is the main part of a person's entire life, as it helps in life and is necessary for the further advancement of a person. Therefore, people are different from animals.

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If it is true that we must seize every opportunity for learning and improvement, then it is equally true that we must be able to seize those opportunities, and for that every person needs all the elements of a good basic education. Moreover, it is desirable that the school instill in him a taste for education, teach him to enjoy learning, create opportunities to learn how to learn, and develop curiosity.

On the threshold of the XXI century. the concept of lifelong learning is gaining momentum.

First of all, you need to learn how to acquire knowledge. However, given the rapid changes associated with scientific progress and new forms of economic and social activity, it is necessary to combine a fairly broad general cultural knowledge with the ability to deeply comprehend a limited number of disciplines. The general cultural level is in some way a pass to lifelong education, since it instills a taste for education, and is also its basis for learning throughout life. "

Self-education is an integral part of lifelong education. Its content is determined by the person himself, showing a personal interest in the acquisition of knowledge in the field of science, technology, culture, in the knowledge of modern social relations. The role of self-education in raising the culture of the individual is great.

The main source of self-education is reading, studying literature. In addition to books, magazines, newspapers, self-education is promoted by listening to lectures, visiting museums, exhibitions, watching performances, films, television programs.

test yourself

1. What is education? What is the priority of education?

2. Why is the importance of education growing in the information society? What is the link between a country's competitiveness and education?

3. What is human competitiveness, what are the ways to improve it?

4. What are the main human qualities that meet the needs of the information society?

5. What are the key elements of the educational system of the Russian Federation?

6. Why is lifelong education a key task of society?

In the classroom and at home

1. The priority of education requires the allocation of significant funds from the budget of both the state and the family for educational purposes. To those who doubt

the expediency of significant spending on education, the president of Harvard University (USA) replied: "If you think that education is too expensive, try, how much is ignorance."

Express your attitude to the given judgment; if you agree with him, give examples of disasters caused by a lack of necessary knowledge.

2. Scientists argue: education is not only one of the basic human rights, it is a concrete, proven benefit for society as a whole. Formulate a system of evidence that education plays a significant role in social development.

3. Explain how education affects a country's competitiveness.

4. Get acquainted with the above judgment and argue (using examples) your point of view. (Education cannot be viewed solely as a means of preparing for the future. Education should provide an opportunity for students to solve problems that are meaningful to them. "

5. After graduating from basic school, you can choose one of the ways to continue your education: transfer to the 10th grade of secondary school with the possibility of specialized training; admission and vocational education institution; self-education. Disclose what, in your opinion, are the advantages and disadvantages of each of these paths. Which way and why do you find it preferable?

Say the wise

“The more enlightened a person is, the more useful he is to his

The authorities of Europe and the United States are gradually abandoning the use of large hydroelectric power plants, since they cause great harm to the environment and, moreover, are economically unprofitable, American scientists say.

Today, 71% of the world's renewable electricity is generated by hydroelectric power plants.

The peak of the construction of hydroelectric power plants in Europe and the United States fell on the 1960s, after which a recession began. Today, hydroelectric power plants account for only about 6% of electricity generation in the United States.

More than 90% of hydroelectric power plants built since the 1930s have proven to be more expensive to operate than originally anticipated. In addition, they have damaged river ecology, displaced millions of people and contributed to climate change due to greenhouse gases from flooded areas.

“When describing the benefits of hydroelectric power plants, we usually paint a rosy picture of the benefits from their use. But this picture is deceiving, and they prefer not to talk about the risks. Paying the bills is felt in society much later, ”said the study's author, University of Michigan professor Emilio Moran.

In developing countries, about 3,700 large and medium-sized hydroelectric power plants are currently under construction.

The Grand Inga power plant on the Congo River is expected to generate more than a third of all current electricity in Africa.

However, according to scientists, the $ 80 billion project is aimed primarily at meeting industrial needs.

“More than 90% of the electricity from this plant will go to mining in South Africa, and the people in the Congo will not get this energy,” says Professor Moran.

“In Brazil, the power line runs over people's heads and stretches for 4,000 kilometers, but this energy does not reach their homes,” he complains.

“The good goals of mass electrification are completely covered by the interests of the big players who are promoting these technologies. The authorities succumb to their assurances that everything is as it should be, ”explains the scientist.

The report notes that huge structures along these rivers are destroying food sources. In particular, they could affect about 60 million people living off fishing in the Mekong River: damage could amount to up to $ 2 billion.

Dams can lead to the extinction of thousands of rare species.

Multiple sources

In Brazil, where 67% of electricity is generated by hydroelectric power plants, the number of dams increases as the river capacity decreases.

With the coming to power in the country of new President Jair Bolsonaro, the temporary ban on the construction of new hydroelectric power plants is expected to be lifted. The authorities are already planning to build 60 new dams.

For example, on the Hawaiian island of Kauai, they plan to launch a hydroelectric power plant and a solar power plant.

In Qinghai province, northwestern China, the Longyangxia solar power plant on a complementary basis interacts with the eponymous Longyangxia hydroelectric power station on the Yellow River

“Huge hydroelectric power plants have no future, this is our unequivocal conclusion. To preserve hydropower in the 21st century, we need to combine multiple renewable energy sources, ”says Professor Moran.

“We need to invest more in solar, wind and hydropower (where necessary) - but we must adhere to clear standards where all risks and revenues are visible,” the scientist concludes.

During the construction of a hydroelectric power station, the river flow is redistributed, its level changes, as well as wave, thermal and ice regimes.

The flow rates of the river are reduced tenfold. Stagnant zones appear in some parts of the reservoir. The thermal regime in the downstream of the reservoir changes in the autumn-winter period due to the inflow of warmer water from the upstream, which has been heated in the reservoir over the summer. These deviations from natural conditions extend to hundreds of kilometers from the hydroelectric dam. Significant changes are observed in the hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes of water masses. In the headwater, the masses of water are saturated with organic matter coming from river and surface runoff, wastewater, and also washed out from flooded soils.

Earlier ElectroVesti wrote that Harvard University scientists Lee Miller and David Keith recently published two works that attracted increased attention of the press. One of them - on the impact of wind energy on climate - was published in the journal Joule, the second - on the energy density of solar and wind generation - in Environmental Research Letters.

Detailed solution Paragraph § 10 on social studies for grade 8 students, authors Bogolyubov L.N., Gorodetskaya N.I., Ivanova L.F. 2016

Question 1. What is the sphere of culture?

The sphere of culture as a social institution is a special branch of social production, the product of which satisfies a specific group of human needs (cultural needs).

Basically, culture is understood as human activity in its various manifestations, including all forms and methods of human self-expression and self-knowledge, the accumulation of skills and abilities by a person and society as a whole. Culture also appears as a manifestation of human subjectivity and objectivity (character, competencies, skills, abilities and knowledge).

Culture is a set of stable forms of human activity, without which it cannot reproduce, and therefore - exist.

Culture is a set of codes that prescribe a certain behavior to a person with his inherent experiences and thoughts, thereby exerting a managerial influence on him.

The source of the origin of culture is human activity, knowledge and creativity.

Question 2. What is the difference between post-industrial (information) society from the previous stage of social development? What are the scientific and technical achievements of the late XX - early XXI century. entered into everyday life? Is it possible to get knowledge at school that will be enough for a lifetime?

Post-industrial society is a society in which the economy is dominated by an innovative sector of the economy with a highly productive industry, a knowledge industry, with a high share of high-quality and innovative services in GDP, with competition in all types of economic and other activities, as well as a higher share of the population employed in the service sector than in industrial production.

In a post-industrial society, an effective innovative industry saturates the needs of all economic agents, consumers and the population, gradually reducing its growth rates and increasing qualitative, innovative changes.

Scientific developments are becoming the main driving force of the economy - the base of the knowledge industry. The most valuable qualities are the level of education, professionalism, learning ability and creativity of the employee.

The main intensive factor in the development of post-industrial society is human capital - professionals, highly educated people, science and knowledge in all types of economic innovation.

Scientific and technical achievements of the late XX - early XXI century. that entered everyday life: computers, robotics, the Internet.

It is impossible to gain knowledge at school that will be enough for a lifetime.

Question 3. What is the main idea of ​​this document? Why do you consider it the main one?

“Lifelong learning is a central issue for society.

It is desirable that the school instills in a person a taste for education, teach them to enjoy learning, create opportunities to learn how to learn, and develop curiosity.

First of all, you need to learn how to acquire knowledge. However, given the rapid changes associated with scientific progress and new forms of economic and social activity, it is necessary to combine a fairly broad general cultural knowledge with the ability to deeply comprehend a limited number of disciplines. "

Question 4. What is education? What is the priority of education?

Education is the process of assimilating knowledge, training, enlightenment.

In the broadest sense of the word, education is a process or product of “the formation of the mind, character and physical abilities of an individual ... In the technical sense, education is a process by which society through schools, colleges, universities and other institutions purposefully transfers its cultural heritage - accumulated knowledge, values and skills from one generation to the next. " In the context of social progress, education, in addition to the format of transferring social cultural heritage, allowed a person to break the connection with Nature, in which the volume of knowledge and longevity are interconnected.

Education is the process of acquiring knowledge about the world, familiarizing with culture, the values ​​of the Fatherland, world civilization. Each new generation takes possession of the knowledge and experience accumulated by previous generations, contributes to the continuously replenished treasury of culture.

Article 3 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" refers to the recognition of the principle of priority education in our country. The term "priority" is characterized by dictionaries as "overriding meaning". The priority of education is determined primarily by the very essence of education, its focus on the upbringing of an independent, critically thinking citizen striving to improve the society in which he lives. One of the documents of the United Nations emphasizes that the student “must be given an education” that would contribute to his general cultural development and through which he could, on the basis of equality of opportunity, develop his abilities and personal judgment, as well as a consciousness of moral and social responsibility and become a useful member of society.

To improve the quality of education, to ensure the unity of its content throughout the Russian space, state standards of secondary and higher education have been established, reflecting the latest achievements of science.

Question 5. Why is the importance of education increasing in the information society? What is the link between a country's competitiveness and education?

Education is closely related to the life of a given society. The most important task that our country has to solve is the creation of an innovative economy based on the latest achievements of science and technology. Such an economy, in which knowledge and human capital are the main factors of development, is called the “knowledge economy”. The demands of a rapidly changing life largely determine the goals of education, the composition and content of academic subjects. Education actively influences life: the higher the education of the citizens of the country, the more successfully its economy and culture develop.

You know that human society is constantly evolving. One of the most significant modern results of social development is the formation and development of the information society. Late XX - early XXI century were marked by an unprecedentedly fast pace of scientific and technological progress, an exacerbation of competition (rivalry, competition) between different states, corporations, scientific institutions. Competition between employees seeking an interesting and well-paid position has also become more common.

This competition covers the whole world (has an international character) and puts forward the most important task for our country - to ensure competitiveness (that is, the ability to withstand competition). The fulfillment of this task is directly related to education. With regard to the topic of this section, a chain of three interconnected and interacting links of competitiveness is built: a) country; b) education; c) personality.

The initial state directive states: ensuring the country's competitiveness is the most important condition for enhancing the political and economic role of Russia, increasing the well-being of its population, the ability to quickly and correctly navigate in conditions of international competition. Education largely determines the main competitive advantage of a highly developed country, the quality of its human potential. This advantage is based on the competitiveness of education.

Question 6. What is human competitiveness, what are the ways to improve it?

The main driving force behind the strengthening of the country's competitiveness is the person. Already in basic school, the process of forming his personal qualities, corresponding to the needs of the information society, begins. Let's name some of them:

In the information society, the connection between the level of education and the position of a person in society is becoming more and more clearly visible. At the same time, we are talking not only about material benefits, since for a modern person, the main motives for activity are self-realization, the desire for education and knowledge and their practical application. Experts argue that an increasing number of people in the work environment are training long enough to become knowledge workers. It's not about money anymore. It's about your own dignity.

Question 7. What are the main human qualities that meet the needs of the information society?

Personal qualities that meet the needs of the information society:

Be able to acquire and constantly update knowledge, apply it in various situations;

Show initiative, independence, responsibility in making and implementing decisions;

Master the achievements of national and world culture; understand that a cultured person productively participates in collective work, achieves mutual understanding in communication, is well prepared for independent creativity, for high-quality work, for the enjoyment of civil rights;

Take into account the demands of the labor market, be able to prove their competitiveness in the process of activity, when changing profession.

Question 8. What are the main levels of education in our country?

General education includes the following stages: 1) preschool education; 2) primary general education; 3) basic general education; 4) secondary general education. The tasks of these elements of education are the formation of a general culture of a person, his preparation for life in society, for a conscious choice and mastering a profession.

Vocational education is aimed at acquiring knowledge, skills, and competencies by students that allow them to conduct professional activities in a particular area. The stages of vocational education are as follows: 1) secondary vocational education; 2) higher professional education, in which there are three levels: bachelor's, specialty and master's degrees, training of highly qualified personnel.

The tasks of professional educational institutions are to consistently improve the professional and general educational level of students, to train qualified specialists.

Further training and professional retraining are carried out according to programs of additional professional education.

Question 9. Why is lifelong education a key task of society?

In the modern world, the words are often heard: who owns knowledge, he owns the world. Knowledge requires constant development and renewal. Therefore, the task of continuous education, covering the entire life of a person, is brought to the fore. Continuing education is regarded as a guiding principle in all countries of the world. Its implementation is aimed at achieving harmonious development of the individual and progress in transforming society.

Scientists believe that in our era, distance learning via the Internet is an important means of lifelong education. It is able to provide equal opportunities for high-level education for everyone, regardless of their place of residence, age, etc.

Self-education is an integral part of lifelong education. Its content is determined by the person himself, showing a personal interest in the acquisition of knowledge in the field of science, technology, culture, in the knowledge of modern social relations. The role of self-education in raising the culture of the individual is great.

The main source of self-education is reading, studying literature. In addition to books, magazines, newspapers, self-education is promoted by listening to lectures, visiting museums, exhibitions, watching performances, films, television programs.

Question 10. The priority of education requires the allocation of significant funds from the budget of both the state and the family for educational purposes. To those who doubt the advisability of significant spending on education, the President of Harvard University (USA) replied: "If you think that education is too expensive, try, how much ignorance."

Express your attitude to the given judgment; if you agree with him, give examples of disasters caused by a lack of necessary knowledge.

Education in the wrong hands, a dangerous weapon. A person, to the extent of his immense curiosity and craving for knowledge, can touch those levers of the universe, which then - he will not be able to correct.

Question 11. Scientists argue: education is not only one of the basic human rights, it is a concrete, proven advantage for society as a whole. Formulate a system of evidence that education plays a significant role in social development.

If a person receives an education, then he can become an outstanding person and this can be useful to the country.

Question 12. Explain how education affects the country's competitiveness.

Firstly, without education it is very difficult to get a job, even almost impossible. Consequently, the inhabitants of the country will be unemployed, illiterate, which will have a bad effect on the country.

Question 13. Read the judgment below and argue (using examples) your point of view. "Education should not be viewed solely as a means of preparing for the future. Education should provide an opportunity for students to solve problems that are meaningful to them."

Yes, education should be multifaceted so that people can know the answers to basic questions in all areas of knowledge.