Accounts payable- the debt of the organization, individual entrepreneur for the purchase of stocks, finished products, payment for services, taxes and payment of wages of working personnel. Most often, accounts payable arise during settlements for inventories with suppliers and the provision of services by contractors. In the article, we will consider how accounts payable are recorded on the OSNO and simplified tax system, on which accounts it is recorded,

Accounting for accounts payable. Accounts

Accounting accounts payable necessary for: monitoring the maturity of the organization's obligations, analyzing its financial independence and developing a company development strategy.

Accounts payable are reflected in such accounts as:

  • 60 - "settlements with suppliers and contractors", 76 - "settlements with various debtors and creditors";
  • 62 - "settlements with buyers and customers";
  • 68 - "calculations for taxes and fees";
  • 69 - "calculations for social insurance and security";
  • 70 - "settlements with personnel for wages";
  • 66 - "settlements on short-term loans", 67 - "settlements on long-term loans";
  • 71 - "settlements with accountable persons."

Accounting for accounts payable is important for both accounting and tax accounting for calculating the tax base and the amount of tax payments.

Write-off and accounting of accounts payable under the general taxation system

Write-off of accounts payable can be in the following cases:

  • Expiration of the limitation period for accounts payable (clause 7 PBU 9/99, clause 78 of the Regulation on accounting and reporting);
  • Liquidation of the creditor and its exclusion from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (Clause 8, Article 63 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
  • The decision of the tax inspectorate to terminate the actual activities of the creditor.

If the accounts payable were not paid in a timely manner by the organization and are not claimed by the creditor, then this debt is written off on the basis of the expiration of the statute of limitations. It should be noted that it is impossible in the same way to write off accounts payable formed on tax liabilities, fines and penalties.

Accounts payable are written off after the expiration of the limitation period, except for: tax debts, penalties and fines. (p. 7 PBU 9/99, p. 78 "Regulations on accounting and reporting")

To write off accounts payable, it is necessary to reflect it in the accounts of non-operating income. (clause 7, 10.4 PBU 9/99). If the payables for tax collections have been reduced in accordance with the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation and other legislative acts, then they are not written off to non-operating income ( sub. 21 p. 1 art. 251 Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Deadline for writing off accounts payable

Accounts payable are written off after the expiration of the limitation period for the claim. The limitation period is 3 years (Article 196 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The period is calculated from the moment of breach of obligation to suppliers, contractors, creditors and customers. The date of violation can be considered the moment when payment was not received or goods and materials were not shipped. The claim period may be interrupted by a lawsuit or by the entity's recognition of its debts upon signing an asset reconciliation or restructuring agreement.

It should be noted that the untimely inclusion of debt in non-operating income is punishable by a fine of 20% of the amount of unpaid tax ( paragraph 1 of Art. 122 Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Postings when writing off accounts payable (account 66, 67)

In accounting, the operation to write off accounts payable is done in the period in which the limitation period for accounts payable has expired ( clause 16 PBU 9/99) or the creditor was excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The figure below shows the posting for the write-off of accounts payable.

The company's accounts payable arises if, after payment by the customer, the organization did not ship the products. In this situation, after the expiration date, the debt is reflected in non-operating income, including VAT, which has a zero interest rate ( p.11, 16, 18 RAS 10/99). As a result, when VAT is charged with a 0% interest rate, no tax liability arises.

The posting for the VAT write-off will look like this:

It should be noted that the organization can apply both the general taxation system and the single tax on imputed income (UTII). Since the write-off of debt does not affect the size of UTII, the organization needs to introduce separate accounting for income and expenses by type of activity (clause 7 of article 346.26 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). If accounts payable arose for products that are taken into account in the general taxation system and UTII, then it is necessary to take into account the income received in non-sales when calculating the tax base (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 15.03.2005 No. 03-03-01-04 / 1/116).

The figure below in the infographic discusses the types of accounts payable, the statute of limitations, the factors for terminating the term, and the documents required to write off the debt.

Write-off and accounting of accounts payable under the simplified taxation system (STS)

The amount of written off accounts payable under the simplified taxation system (STS) is reflected in non-operating income both for organizations paying a single tax on income and taxes reduced by the amount of expenses. The income of the organization is reflected in the proceeds from the sale of goods and the cost of unpaid goods.

Accounting for accounts payable. Example

Delta LLC in February 2012 received production materials from Omega CJSC. According to the concluded contract for the supply of materials, they had to be paid before February 25, 2012 in the amount of 200,000 rubles. The materials received were sold by Delta in the amount of 300,000 rubles.

LLC "Delta" did not fulfill its financial obligations. For 3 years ZAO "Omega" has not filed lawsuits to recover debts from LLC "Delta". The limitation period is calculated three years later, on the day following the discovery of a breach of obligations, i.e. February 26, 2015.

On February 30, 2015, the chief accountant of Delta LLC, after an inventory, revealed accounts payable with an expired limitation period in the amount of 200,000 rubles. The management decided to write off the debt.

As a result, the following income was included in the calculation of the single tax for Delta LLC:

  • February 2012 - revenue 300,000 rubles.
  • February 2015 - non-operating income 200,000 rubles.

Unpaid materials are not included in expenses.

Video lesson “Write-off of accounts payable in 1C Accounting”

The video lesson explains in detail how to write off accounts payable in 1C Accounting, the lesson is taught by Dina Krasnova.

In tax accounting under the simplified tax system, regardless of the object of taxation, written off accounts payable are included in non-operating income (clause 1, article 346.15 and clause 18, article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Under the simplified tax system, a "creditor" with an expired limitation period is included in income during "simplification" in the reporting (tax) period when its limitation period expired (Resolution).

In this case, the specific date of fundamental importance does not matter.

This can be both the day of the expiration of the limitation period, and the last day of the reporting (tax) period (Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 03.23.2007 N 03-11-04 / 2/66, 12.27.2007 N 03-03-06 / 1 / 894).

At the same time, the written-off tax debt, tax penalties and fines, as well as mandatory insurance contributions, penalties and fines to off-budget funds, do not need to be included in income under the simplified tax system (paragraph 1, paragraph 1.1, article 346.15 and paragraph 21, paragraph 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

In addition, when applying the simplified tax system, written-off advances are not included in income, against which goods (works, services) were not delivered, since advances were taken into account in income when they were received (clause 1, article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Example

In June 2013, an LLC using the "simplification" with the object "income minus expenses" received goods in the amount of 70,800 rubles from a trading company. (including VAT - 10,800 rubles).

According to the supply agreement, they had to be paid before June 25, 2013. LLC did not pay off within the prescribed period.

For three years, the trading company made no attempt to collect the amount of accounts payable from the LLC. On June 25, 2016, her statute of limitations expired.

The head of the LLC decided to write off the accounts payable due to the expired limitation period.

To do this, on June 25, 2016, on the basis of an inventory of settlements act and an accounting statement, he issued an order to write off accounts payable.

The following entries will be made in the accounting of the LLC:

in June 2013

Debit 41 Credit 60

70 800 rub. - reflected the receipt of goods;

in June 2016

Debit 60 Credit 91, sub-account "Other income",

70 800 rub. - the amount of accounts payable for unpaid goods with an expired limitation period was written off.

In tax accounting under the simplified tax system, the accountant wrote off accounts payable in the amount of 70,800 rubles. included in non-operating income as of the date of expiration of the limitation period - June 25, 2016.

On the same day, he made a corresponding entry in the book of accounting for income and expenses.

In this situation, when the accounts payable arose in connection with the purchase of goods and includes the amount of "input" VAT, the entire amount of the "creditor" together with VAT is included in non-operating income.

At the same time, the Organization will not be able to write off the cost of the most unpaid goods as expenses during "simplification". Even if the product is sold. Because the Organization didn't pay for it.

Since, with a simplified system, it is allowed to take into account the costs of purchasing goods only if two conditions are met at once: the goods are shipped to the final buyer and the company has paid for it with the supplier (clause 2, clause 2, article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). A similar conclusion is contained in the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of 08/07/2013 N 03-11-06/2/31883.

Thus, the Organization will not have expenses when writing off unclaimed accounts payable, since expenses are taken into account in the tax base under the simplified taxation system only if payment is available (clause 2 of article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

An exception is the liquidation of a counterparty. In this case, the obligations are completely terminated. Goods, works and services, the debt for which is written off due to the liquidation of the counterparty, are considered paid (Article 419 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). And they can be attributed to expenses in the "simplification".

Goods (works, services), the payment debt of which is forgiven, are also considered paid (Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated 05.25.2012 N 03-11-11 / 169).

Example

An organization applying the "simplification" with the object "income minus expenses" received an advance payment in the amount of 60,000 rubles.

Before the expiration of the limitation period, the work was not performed by the organization. The limitation period for accounts payable that the organization has to the customer expires in June of the current year.

The write-off of accounts payable should be reflected in the following entries:

Content of operations Debit Credit Sum, Primary

document
Reflected accounts payable

debt in total

received advance

 60 000 Bank statement for

current account
Written off accounts payable

expired debt

limitation period

 60 000

inventory

calculations,

leader

enterprises

Since organizations applying the simplified taxation system recognize the day of receipt of funds to bank accounts and (or) to the cash desk of the organization as the date of receipt of income, the amount of the advance received was recognized as income in the period of receipt.

Example

The organization purchased raw materials with a contractual value of 236,000 rubles. (including VAT 36,000 rubles).

In the month of purchase, raw materials were released into production.

Within the period established by the contract, the organization did not pay for the purchased raw materials. The parties entered into an agreement on debt forgiveness, according to which if the organization repays the debt in the amount of 200,000 rubles within 30 days, then the supplier forgives the debt in the remaining amount (36,000 rubles).

Within the specified period, the organization repaid accounts payable to the supplier in the amount of 200,000 rubles.

In the accounting records of an organization (debtor) applying the simplified tax system (object of taxation "income reduced by the amount of expenses"), the forgiveness of a part of the debt for the purchased raw materials by the creditor-supplier should be reflected as follows:

Content of operations Debit Credit Sum, Primary

document
In the month of purchasing raw materials
Raw materials credited 236 000 shipping

documentation

supplier,

Receipt order
Raw material released in

production

 236 000 Requirement-

consignment note
As of the date of settlement and debt forgiveness
Listed to supplier

partial payment for raw materials

 200 000 Agreement on

debt forgiveness,

Bank statement for

current account
Amount of forgiven debt

recognized as part of other

 36 000 Agreement on

debt forgiveness

At the same time, on the date of forgiveness of the debt, the organization's debt to pay for the purchased raw materials is partially terminated, i.e. the cost of raw materials in the amount of the forgiven debt is considered paid.

Thus, on the date of transfer of funds to the supplier and the date of forgiveness of part of the debt of the organization, the condition necessary for the recognition in tax accounting of the cost of acquiring raw materials and the amount of "input" VAT related to them is met.

Accounts payable is the debt of an individual entrepreneur or organization to the budget, suppliers, employees and other persons, which appeared due to failure to fulfill obligations undertaken on time:

  • under contracts for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services;
  • on loans;
  • on tax payments and fees;
  • upon receipt of advances;
  • for other obligations.

Overdue debt can be expressed in rubles or in foreign currency, suggest the accrual of interest or penalties.

It can appear in the course of economic activity of any company. At the same time, attracting third-party funds and reasonable deferred payments allow companies to survive difficult periods of recession and recession. It is a completely different matter when this debt remains outstanding even after the expiration of the limitation period.

The statute of limitations for writing offduties (when you can recognize itoverdue)

The limitation period for writing off accounts payable is equal to the period during which the plaintiff can claim the recognized obligation in court, namely, the limitation period.

In the general case, it is equated to 3 years (clause 1, article 196 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), unless other terms are established. For example, according to Art. 392 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, incompletely paid wages can be recovered from the debtor within 1 year.

The countdown begins from the day when the person concerned knew or should have known about the violation of his rights (clause 2, article 200 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Read more about the statute of limitations in this article.

In what cases can the limitation period be changed?

According to Art. 203 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the limitation period is interrupted if the debtor has taken any steps indicating his consent to recognize the debt. These steps could be:

  • partial repayment of debt;
  • debtor's request for deferred payment;
  • acceptance of a collection order;
  • payment of interest on principal;
  • signing the act of reconciliation of settlements.

The statute of limitations is suspended if, due to circumstances beyond their control, the parties cannot fulfill their obligations related to repayment of the debt throughout (Article 202 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation):

  • six months;
  • the entire limitation period - if its duration is not more than 6 months.

The limitation period may be terminated if the debt obligation itself has been terminated, in accordance with Art. 414-419 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, in the following cases:

  • write-off of debt by the creditor;
  • death of an individual acting as a debtor or creditor, if the payment of the debt cannot be transferred to other persons;
  • liquidation of a person acting as a debtor or creditor, if the payment of the debt cannot be transferred to other persons;
  • innovations of obligations;
  • termination of debt by decision of the state body.

The duration of the limitation period cannot exceed 10 years (Clause 2, Article 196 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Rules for documenting the write-off of accounts payable with a limitation period of more than three years

According to Art. 9 of the Law "On Accounting" dated November 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ, each operation reflected in accounting must be documented.

The rules for writing off accounts payable for a period of more than three years are spelled out in clause 78 of the Accounting Regulations of July 29, 1998 No. 34n, according to which, before writing off overdue accounts payable, an enterprise must conduct an inventory of liabilities. The results are drawn up in the INV-17 form (or a document independently developed and approved in the order on accounting policy).

The inventory is carried out in the manner determined by the order on accounting policies and in cases where it is mandatory in accordance with paragraphs. 26, 27 Provisions 34n.

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On the basis of the inventory act, an accounting statement-justification is drawn up, which indicates:

  • the counterparty to which the overdue obligation is revealed, and its details;
  • date, number of the inventory act and the amount of the identified debt;
  • the date of the inventory;
  • legal justification for the write-off.

This certificate serves as the basis for issuing an order from the head to write off the overdue debt.

We write off the overdue creditor in accounting

The write-off of expired debt, in accordance with clause 10.7 of PBU 9/99, is documented by posting:

Dt 60 (66, 68, 69, 73, 76) Kt 91.1 - expired debt written off, where:

  • accounts 60, 66, 68, 69, 73, 76 - settlements with suppliers, on credits and loans, with the budget and off-budget funds, personnel, various creditors and debtors;
  • account 91.1 - “Other income”.

Accounts payable are written off separately for each counterparty and each debt obligation. If the contract stipulates the accrual of interest or penalties in case of untimely fulfillment of obligations, then they are also taken into account separately.

Interest accrued for late payment of the debt is written off by posting:

Dt 76 / pr Kt 91.1 - interest incurred as a result of non-payment of the debt is written off,

where account 76 / pr - "Interest included in the debt with an expired limitation period."

Overdue debt denominated in foreign currency is converted into rubles at the official exchange rate of the Central Bank of Russia at the time of write-off. The resulting exchange differences are written off in accordance with paragraphs. 11, 13 PBU 3/2006 as part of other income or losses at the time of writing off the principal debt.

How to write off overdue accounts payable for tax purposes?

The procedure for writing off accounts payable with an expired limitation period or for other reasons for the purposes of tax accounting is prescribed in paragraph 18 of Art. 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

The written-off debt is taken into account in non-operating income in full, taking into account the accrued interest on the last day of the reporting period in which the write-off took place, and is subject to corporate income tax.

The only case when it is possible to write off accounts payable without charging tax is the write-off of tax payments to budgets of all levels or extra-budgetary funds, canceled or reduced by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation (clause 21 of article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Liabilities reflected in foreign currency are converted into rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of Russia on the day the debt is written off, in accordance with subpara. 5 p. 4 art. 271 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. They are also taken into account in non-operating income (clause 11, article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

About what to do with VAT when writing off creditors,.

Accounting for debt write-offs by individual entrepreneurs and payers of the simplified tax system

Payers of the simplified tax system and individual entrepreneurs may not keep accounting records, but they still must keep the document flow in the general manner. That is, before writing off accounts payable, they need to take an inventory of obligations, make a justification for the write-off and issue an order from the head.

By writing off a debt not repaid on time, entrepreneurs using OSNO receive income subject to personal income tax. According to Art. 41 and sub. 1 p. 1 art. 227 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, this income is fully recognized as an element of other income in the tax period when the overdue accounts payable were written off.

Those who apply the simplified tax system also increase non-operating taxable income when writing off debt that has expired (Article 346.15 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The transaction is reflected in the same tax period in which this debt was written off.

IMPORTANT! The taxpayer cannot accept the cost of credited goods, works or services as expenses, since they were not paid. An exception is made only for writing off accounts payable in connection with the bankruptcy of the counterparty on the basis of Art. 419 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, since in this case all debts to him are recognized as repaid.

When writing off an overdue debt, an enterprise must be ready not only to say goodbye to an old problem, but also to approach this process scrupulously. Otherwise, instead of litigation with the former counterparty, it risks getting disputes with the tax authorities and additional taxes and penalties.

As a rule, the largest share in the total amount of accounts payable is owed to suppliers and contractors. It most often develops into overdue if the buyer for some reason is in no hurry to pay and repay the debt. It must be remembered that the statute of limitations for such debts is limited. What to do with the amounts of accounts payable, the limitation period for claiming which has expired? How to identify, formalize and reflect in the accounting of overdue accounts payable?

Inventory as the basis of conclusions

According to paragraph 73 of the Regulation on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation<1>(hereinafter - PVBU) settlements with debtors and creditors are reflected by each party in its statements in amounts arising from accounting records and recognized by it as correct.
———————————
<1>Approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 N 34n.

The correctness and validity of the reflection of the amounts of accounts payable in the accounting of the organization are determined on the basis of the results of the inventory of calculations, which is carried out within the time frame and in the manner established by the economic entity (with the exception of cases of mandatory inventory, established by law) (part 3 of article 11 of the Law on Accounting<2>, p. 2.1, 3.44, sub. "c" clause 3.48 of the Instructions<3>, p. 26 PVBU).
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<2>Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ "On Accounting".
<3>Guidelines for the inventory of property and financial obligations were approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 13, 1995 N 49.

According to paragraph 3.44 of the Instructions, during the inventory, settlements with buyers and suppliers are checked; with the budget for taxes and fees and with extra-budgetary funds for contributions; with employees, including accountable persons; with other debtors and creditors.
In the course of checking settlements with counterparties, a certificate of receivables and payables is issued (attachment to form N INV-17 "Inventory act of settlements with buyers, suppliers and other debtors and creditors"<4>).

The certificate reflects the details of each debtor or creditor of the organization, the reason and date of the debt, the amount of debt.
———————————
<4>The unified form N INV-17 was approved by the Decree of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated August 18, 1998 N 88. From January 1, 2013, the forms of primary accounting documents contained in the albums of unified forms of primary accounting documentation are not mandatory for use. At the same time, forms of documents used as primary accounting documents, established by authorized bodies in accordance with and on the basis of other federal laws (for example, cash documents) continue to be mandatory for use (information of the Ministry of Finance of Russia N PZ-10/2012).

The certificate and acts of reconciliation of mutual settlements are the basis for drawing up an act of inventory of settlements with buyers, with suppliers and other debtors and creditors in the form N INV-17. The act must indicate:
- accounts of accounting on which debts are registered;
— amounts of debts agreed and not agreed with debtors (creditors);
- the amount of debts for which the limitation period has expired.
At the same time, based on the results of the inventory of calculations, a primary accounting document can be drawn up containing the necessary mandatory details, in the form determined by the head of the organization (parts 1, 4, article 9 of the Accounting Law).
Recall that the statute of limitations is the term for protecting the right on the claim of the person whose right has been violated. The general limitation period is three years from the date determined in accordance with Art. 200 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Article 196 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). At the same time, for obligations with a certain period of performance (which include obligations under supply contracts), the limitation period begins to run at the end of the period of performance.

2 tbsp. 200 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
In case of accounts payable, after the expiration of the limitation period, the supplier loses the right to demand payment from the organization for the goods, works, services delivered to it. If an advance received from the buyer is included in accounts payable, then the buyer loses the right to demand the return of the advance. Such debts should be written off as they will no longer be liabilities of counterparties.
Accounts payable are written off if the debtor is liquidated (Article 61 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) or excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities by decision of the tax authority (Clause 1, Article 64.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Article 21.1 of the Federal Law of August 8, 2001 N 129-FZ “On State registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs).

Accounting

Paragraph 78 of the PVBU states that the amounts of accounts payable and depository debts for which the limitation period has expired are written off for each obligation based on the inventory data, written justification and order (instruction) of the head of the organization and are attributed to the financial results of a commercial organization.
The amount of accounts payable for which the limitation period has expired is written off to other income in the reporting period in which the limitation period expired (clauses 7, 16 of PBU 9/99<1>). At the same time, other income is recognized in the amount in which this debt was reflected in the accounting records of the organization (clause 10.4 of PBU 9/99).
———————————
<1>The accounting regulation "Income of the organization" PBU 9/99 was approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 N 32n.

These incomes are reflected in accounting on the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 1 “Other income”, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for accounts payable (Instructions for applying the Chart of Accounts<2>) - accounts 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” (62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”, 66 “Settlements on short-term loans and loans”, 76 “Settlements on long-term loans and loans”).
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<2>The chart of accounts for financial and economic activities of organizations and the Instructions for its application were approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n.

If the advance payment received from the buyer is written off, then simultaneously with the cancellation of the debt, the amount of VAT accrued upon receipt of the prepayment (advance payment) should be written off. The tax should be recognized as other expenses and written off to the debit of account 91, subaccount 2 "Other expenses" (clause 11 PBU 10/99<3>).
———————————
<3>The accounting regulation "Expenses of the organization" PBU 10/99 was approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 N 33n.

Value Added Tax (VAT)

The expiration of the limitation period for an obligation related to payment for purchased goods (works, services) does not entail any consequences in terms of VAT, since the right to deduct “input” VAT arises after the acquired goods (works, services) are taken into account if there is a correctly executed invoice of the counterparty and provided that the purchased goods (works, services) are intended for use in transactions subject to VAT

2 tbsp. 171, paragraph 1 of Art. 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
At the same time, in the list of cases in which the taxpayer is obliged to restore the VAT accepted for deduction, the situation in question is not mentioned (clause 3, article 170 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Therefore, when writing off accounts payable due to the expiration of the limitation period, there are no grounds to restore VAT deductible on purchased goods (works, services) (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of June 21, 2013 N 03-07-11 / 23503) . It's just that the entire amount of the debt will fall under income tax, along with VAT not paid to the supplier.
After the expiration of the limitation period, the amount of VAT previously accrued and paid to the budget from the prepayment received from the buyer (subparagraph 2, paragraph 1, article 167 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), the debtor does not have the right to accept for deduction. This is due to the fact that the amount of VAT accrued from the prepayment (advance) is deductible:
- when shipping the relevant goods (performance of work, provision of services) (clause 8, article 171, clause 6, article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- when changing the conditions or terminating the relevant agreement and returning the corresponding amounts of prepayment (advance payment) (clause 5, article 171, clause 4, article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
These norms of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation do not provide for the possibility of deducting VAT accrued and paid from an advance payment (advance payment) upon the expiration of the limitation period for an obligation to a buyer (customer). Therefore, this amount of VAT is not deductible.

Corporate income tax

By virtue of paragraph 18 of Art. 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, non-operating income is the amount of accounts payable written off due to the expiration of the limitation period and for other reasons.
Income is recognized in the period in which the limitation period expired, namely on the last day of the reporting period in which the limitation period expires (subclause 5, clause 4, article 271 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). A similar position is taken by the regulatory authorities (see, for example, the letters of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated December 8, 2014 N GD-4-3 / [email protected] and the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 11, 2015 N 03-03-06 / 2 / 52381).
Some organizations try to recognize income when writing off accounts payable for which the limitation period has expired in the tax period of issuing the order of the head to write off accounts payable, justifying the position by the fact that, according to paragraph 78 of the PVBU, the amounts of accounts payable with an expired limitation period are written off on the basis of an inventory , written justification and order of the head. And earlier, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation supported this position (Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of July 15, 2008 N 3596/08). Taking into account all the above and the later position of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation (Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of June 8, 2010 N 17462/09), it is unsafe and very risky to recognize income when writing off accounts payable in the tax (reporting) period of issuing the order of the head to write off accounts payable.
Upon the expiration of the limitation period, the amount of accounts payable that arose before the buyer (customer) in connection with the non-return of the received prepayment (advance payment) is included in non-operating income from the debtor using the accrual method (clause 18, article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The tax legislation does not directly provide for the procedure for accounting for VAT in this situation. Courts on similar issues note that the organization is not entitled to deduct VAT amounts on such debts. But at the same time, the organization has the right to include VAT in expenses for the purpose of calculating income tax (Resolutions of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District of March 19, 2012 N A40-75954 / 11-115-241, Seventh AAS of March 19, 2013 N A27-14522 / 2012).
If the organization has information that the supplier (buyer) has been liquidated or excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities as an inactive legal entity, the debt should be written off on the date the entry on the liquidation (exclusion) of the creditor organization is made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (clause 9, article 63 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Only written-off debt is not included in income (subclauses 3.4, 11, 21, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation):
- on payment of taxes, tax penalties and fines;
- for the payment of mandatory insurance premiums, penalties and fines to off-budget funds;
- to a participant owning more than 50% of the authorized capital of a taxpaying organization (except for debts to pay interest on loans);
- to an organization in the authorized capital of which the share of participation of the taxpaying organization is more than 50% (except for debts to pay interest on loans);
- to any member of the organization, if the document confirming the forgiveness of the debt says that this was done to increase net assets (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 16, 2015 N 03-03-06 / 2 / 40933);
- before the participants of the organization on unclaimed dividends.

Write-off of accounts payable to the budget

Accounts payable for taxes (payments to the budget not paid on time) may be recognized as uncollectible in the situations established by Art. 47.2 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. In such cases, it must be written off in the accounting of the organization in accordance with the PVBU (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 28, 2016 N 07-04-09 / 78875).
When an organization makes a decision to write off amounts, it should be borne in mind the special documents issued on this issue: General requirements for the procedure for making decisions on recognizing uncollectible debts on payments to the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation<1>, normative legal acts adopted by federal executive bodies exercising the budgetary powers of the chief administrator of budget revenues of the budget system of Russia (see, for example, Orders of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia of July 5, 2016 N 440, FSSP of Russia of July 15, 2016 N 421) .
———————————
<1>Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2016 N 393.

It is important to understand whether there are grounds for making a decision on recognizing debts on payments to the budget as uncollectible, and also to have documents confirming these grounds.

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What accounting entry writes off accounts payable for which the limitation period has expired

DEBIT 60 (76) CREDIT 91 - included in other income amounts of accounts payable with expired limitation period

Accounts include accounts receivable and accounts payable with an expired limitation period. Correct layout. Accounts receivable, recognized as not real for collection, must be written off ...

In accounting, a posting is made:
Debit 60 (66, 67, 71, 76) Credit 91-1
- the amount of accounts payable for which the limitation period has expired has been written off.
VAT amounts accounted for in the credit of account 60 (76), included in other income as part of write-off accounts payable, are simultaneously included in other expenses (paragraph 11 of PBU 10/99).
In accounting, a posting is made: Debit 91-2 Credit 19.

3. Written off accounts payable with expired limitation period 36,500 rubles. help plz

Dt 60, 76 kt 91

It is this amount that will constitute accounts payable, which is included in the non-operating income of the organization after the expiration of the limitation period.

Help to make a transaction: accounts payable for goods for which the statute of limitations has expired are written off.

In accordance with clause 78 of the Regulation on Accounting and Accounting in the Russian Federation (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 29, 1998 No.

34n) the amounts of accounts payable for which the limitation period has expired are debited from the balance sheet on the basis of the inventory data, written justification and order of the head of the organization.
. Write-off of the amount of accounts payable for which the limitation period has expired:
D 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”, 66 “Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings”, 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings”, 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”, 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” -
K 91-1 "Other income".
2. Reflection of profit at the end of the reporting period:
D 91-1 "Other income" -
K 91-9 "Balance of other income and expenses".
3. Reflection of the financial result:
D 91-9 "Balance of other income and expenses" -
To 99 "Profit and loss".
4. Accrual of income tax:
D 99 "Profit and Loss" -
To 68 "Calculations on taxes and fees".

The concept of the limitation period, after which the receivables or payables are subject to write-off in accounting, is given in the Civil Code of the Republic of Belarus, Art. 196 198 further GK.

The court with the DIA and the bank - bankruptcy proceedings are open for one year. What is the statute of limitations in this case?

Will you manage to include debts in the register of creditors' claims?

If an organization's balance sheet has had accounts payable to a supplier or buyer for a long time, the accountant should find out if it's time to write it off.

To do this, it is necessary to establish whether the statute of limitations has expired or not ...

Write-off of accounts payable

Positive. The three-year statute of limitations was interrupted by filing a claim

Accounts payable are accounted for as non-operating income on the last day of the reporting period in which the limitation period expires or this debt is recognized as invalid.

And he did the right thing by waiting. pennies for use accumulated

Is it possible to write off overdue accounts payable in installments?

If she has different statute of limitations, then yes, if not, it must be recognized as income in the year when the statute of limitations expired ... well, it seems to me ... and logically, the goods (works, services) received the money were not returned, the creditor is deprived of the right to demand in due to the expiration of the statute of limitations, and you will also delay with recognition ... so you have already used enough, it's time to pay taxes 😉 And don't care if you don't want to, you have to take an inventory at the end of the year, identify such a debt and admit it ... otherwise I if checking ... evasion or concealment, I would definitely try to draw;)))

Amounts of accounts payable and depository debts for which the limitation period has expired are attributed to the financial results of a commercial organization or to an increase in income.

Sample Order on writing off accounts payable due to the expiration of the limitation period.

Is it worth considering VAT on accounts payable if the limitation period has expired?

There is no VAT payable. We write off such debt for profit (Dt 60.01 Kt 91.01) and pay income tax.

If an organization's balance sheet has had accounts payable to a supplier or buyer for a long time, the accountant should find out if it's time to write it off. To do this, it is necessary to establish whether the statute of limitations has expired or not ...

If you do not repay the accounts payable to the supplier, then it will have to be written off. You need to do this in two cases:
- when the limitation period for the debt has expired (three years from the moment the payment period for the supplier under the contract expired);
- if you become aware that the creditor has been liquidated.
Include the amount of written off accounts payable in non-operating income. Include VAT on unpaid material assets (works, services) as part of non-operating expenses (clause 14, article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
These rules apply both in accounting and in tax accounting. Write off accounts payable in the following entries:
DEBIT 60 CREDIT 91-1 - accounts payable with expired limitation period written off;
DEBIT 91-2 CREDIT 19 - the amount of VAT that had to be transferred to the supplier was written off.
After the debt is written off, its amount is not reflected in the balance sheet.
When is it good to write off debt?
The amount of written off accounts payable increases the company's taxable income. Therefore, it is more profitable to write off debt in the tax period when the company has losses and they are greater than the amount of debt. Then the company will not have to pay income tax on the amount of debt.

How to write off accounts payable

If the limitation period of 3 years has expired, then to your profit.

Written-off accounts payable should be included in simplified income in the reporting tax period in which its limitation period expires, i.e. in the first quarter of 2013.

About accounting. What is the statute of limitations for accounts payable and accounts receivable?

In a number of cases, the courts refuse to recognize the act of reconciliation as evidence of a break in the limitation period for accounts payable. The organization applies the simplified tax system with the object of income minus expenses ...

Is it possible to write off accounts payable for which the statute of limitations has expired?

Limitation period for accounts payable

The general statute of limitations is three years. But this does not apply to enforcement proceedings. In addition, it is necessary to determine the beginning of the period

Accounts payable is understood as the debt of the organization to individuals, legal entities, as well as to the budget and extra-budgetary funds. However, the possibility of protecting a violated right at the suit of a person is limited by a deadline called the limitation period.

The limitation period is the term for the protection of the right on the claim of the person whose right has been violated. The general statute of limitations is three years.
The running of the limitation period begins from the day when the person knew or should have known about the violation of his right. Look in the contract for the performance of the obligation. From the moment of its violation, the limitation period begins to run.

The limitation period begins to run from the moment the obligation is due.

If you signed an act of reconciliation of mutual settlements, the limitation period of 3 years will be calculated from this period.

Before filing a lawsuit. from the date of the obligation. 3 years.

3 years from when you were supposed to repay the loan

The law has set a statute of limitations. The data on debts of citizens on loans, published at the end of last year, allow us to say that the problem with the limitation period for debts is becoming more and more urgent.

After how many years accounts payable to suppliers. for which the limitation period has expired is subject to write-off

When does the company have an obligation to write off accounts payable? This must be done after the expiration of the limitation period, the duration of which is generally three years Art. 256 and 257 of the Civil Code.

3 years and write off

How does the transfer of debt under an assignment agreement to another creditor affect the limitation period for this outstanding debt?

Doesn't affect at all.

In tax accounting, selling companies using the accrual method, after the expiration of the limitation period, include accounts payable in income as of the last date of the reporting period5.

How to write off accounts payable

The place and role of inventory in the process of compiling accounting. reporting

Account reliability. accounting. Mandatory when changing the MOL and before compiling the annual balance sheet.

Advice and legal advice from lawyers and lawyers on the topic Statute of limitations for accounts payable - online help and answers to any of your questions.

What is the statute of limitations for creditors filing claims against heirs to repay the testator's debt? GC article?

General - 3 years from the moment of the event, or when he learned or should have known about it. Art. 196 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Credit limitation period. The debt was sold to a collection agency. Advice to the debtor. Malicious evasion of repayment of accounts payable. Federal law on personal data.

Article 1175. Civil Code
Liability of heirs for the debts of the testator
1. Heirs who have accepted the inheritance shall be jointly and severally liable for the debts of the testator (Article 323).
Each of the heirs is liable for the debts of the testator within the value of the inherited property that has passed to him.
2. An heir who has accepted an inheritance by way of hereditary transmission (Article 1156) shall be liable within the limits of the value of this hereditary property for the debts of the testator to whom this property belonged, and shall not be liable with this property for the debts of the heir from whom the right to accept the inheritance has passed to him.
3. The creditors of the testator have the right to present their claims to the heirs who have accepted the inheritance within the limits of the limitation periods established for the respective claims. Prior to acceptance of the inheritance, creditors' claims may be brought against the executor of the will or against the estate. In the latter case, the court suspends the consideration of the case until the inheritance is accepted by the heirs or the escheated property is transferred in accordance with Article 1151 of this Code to the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a municipality.
When claims are presented by the creditors of the testator, the limitation period established for the relevant claims is not subject to interruption, suspension and restoration.

General term, however, it is not interrupted

After the death of my mother, I found a receipt dated 2003.

The limitation period is 3 years and the special period is 1. and what kind of receipt is the question?

25. Limitation period for the recovery of interest paid by the borrower on the amount of the loan in the amount and in the manner determined by paragraph 1 of the article Recovery of debt on a loan of the rights and obligations of bailiffs. Late payment on the loan what are the consequences?

So, maybe the one who gave the receipt has a receipt that the debt has been received.
Dmitry Miroshnik, don't tell anyone that you have two higher degrees, moreover, a law faculty

You can try, but, for sure, the debtor will declare that the statute of limitations has been missed without good reason! 🙂

1. You are not the only heir to this receipt.
2. The statute of limitations has passed.

Jur. fak. +2 higher…. and what is it - in rosrchestre? I’m with two lower ones and I won’t write such crap .... Kick education

The statute of limitations for the university's accounts payable

What to do, those are the rules. You will have to pay again

After the expiration of the limitation period, accounts payable are written off to financial results and are made out by the following accounting entries Debit accounts 60, 76 Credit accounts 91.

To understand and to forgive. The statute of limitations in your case is three years.

Prove that you did not know that the money was not received and contact a lawyer)

Wage arrears to an employee, how to write it off?

Give her

According to paragraph 18 of Article 250, the amount of accounts payable, the limitation period for which has passed, is written off as non-operating income. The date of writing off such debt is the reporting period in which the limitation period has passed the letter of the Ministry of Finance ...

Dt70 Kt76 or 73 - you did it
Dt76 or 73 Kt 91.1 other income. within a 3 year period

Under non-operating income.

VAT when writing off receivables, payables, what to do with it?

When writing off accounts receivable, VAT is not recovered, since VAT is taken into account on shipment. But it will be necessary to restore accounts payable, since you accepted it if it was offset from the budget. Postings written off accounts payable Dt 60 Kt 91.1 and VAT Dt 91.2 Kt 68

Income tax should be calculated taking into account the amount of accounts payable for which the limitation period has expired and by which the profit of the debtor organization has been increased in the current quarter.

A question for accountants! Do I need to recover VAT when writing off bad creditors at 60 hrs.?

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Accounting for the write-off of overdue receivables and payables

Violation of the terms of settlements, determined by the terms of the contract, leads to the formation of overdue receivables from suppliers, and from buyers - overdue accounts payable. At the same time, the supplier is in the worst position, since the presence of overdue receivables may result in losses in the future.

The limitation period for the collection of overdue receivables is established by Article 196 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and is 3 years. Overdue receivables with an expired limitation period are subject to write-off for losses. However, debts that cannot be collected can be written off before the end of the limitation period, however, a specific list of such debts is not established by law. Uncollectible debts of liquidated organizations or amounts, the recovery of which is refused by the court, should be considered uncollectible.

The same conditions for the recognition of losses from the write-off of receivables in the taxation of profits are provided for by the tax legislation of the Russian Federation. An important point in accounting and writing off overdue accounts receivable is its division into claimed and unclaimed.

Claimed debt is a debt that, as a result of applying to an arbitration court, must be recovered from the debtor in an indisputable manner. Claiming receivables is a rather troublesome procedure: applying to an arbitration court entails additional costs for paying state fees and other legal costs. In this case, the appeal to arbitration may not give positive results.

Based on the inventory of overdue accounts receivable and analysis of the financial capabilities of the debtor, the creditor (supplier) must make a deliberate decision for each debtor: take into account the temporary difficulties of the buyer and wait for payment, apply to arbitration with a claim for the indisputable collection of debt or write off the receivables as unrealistic to pay before expiration of the limitation period.

Accounts receivable for which the limitation period has expired, in accordance with clause 77 of the Regulations on Accounting and Accounting in the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 N 34n (hereinafter referred to as the Regulation), is written off to the financial result of the organization. According to clause 12 of the Accounting Regulations "Expenses of the organization" PBU 10/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.05.1999 N 33n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 10/99), such amounts are included in non-operating expenses. This transaction is reflected in the accounting entry:

Debit 91 "Other income and expenses" Credit 62 "Settlements with buyers and customers."

For the purposes of tax accounting, in accordance with Article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, amounts of receivables for which the limitation period has expired are also recognized as non-operating expenses. Accounts receivable are written off for each obligation based on the inventory data, written justification and order of the head of the organization. The recognition of debts as losses due to the insolvency of the debtor is not a cancellation of the debt, which is recorded within 5 years from the date of write-off on the off-balance account 007 "Debt written off at a loss of insolvent debtors" to monitor the possibility of its collection in the event of a change in the property status of the debtor. If, after writing off the receivables, the buyer repays them, this amount will be recognized in the accounting as non-operating income, which is reflected in the entry:

Debit 51 "Settlement accounts" Credit 91.

In this case, the amount of the repaid debt is written off from the off-balance account 007, the analytical accounting of which is kept for each debtor whose debt is written off at a loss, and each debt written off at a loss. In accordance with Article 167 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, organizations that calculate VAT "on payment", writing off bad debts, must calculate and pay VAT on this amount.

The occurrence of accounts payable is reflected in settlement transactions mainly on accounts 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" and 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors". If the accounts payable are not repaid in a timely manner and are not claimed by the counterparty through the arbitration court in an indisputable manner, after the expiration of the 3-year limitation period, it is recognized as non-operating income and written off to the credit of account 91. At the same time, VAT credited to account 19 "Value added tax on acquired valuables", is not subject to reimbursement from the budget and should be written off to account 91 as part of non-operating expenses. Overdue accounts payable for tax purposes are recognized as non-operating income. Late write-offs of overdue accounts payable may result in tax penalties.

In accordance with paragraph 70 of the Regulations, current receivables are recognized as doubtful if they are not repaid within the terms established by the agreement and are not secured by a pledge, surety or bank guarantee. The presence of collateral excludes the possibility of transferring the debt to the category of doubtful, even if the maturity of the principal debt has already expired. The presence of doubtful debts of the organization gives it the right to form reserves for doubtful debts in accounting and tax accounting. Information about overdue receivables, primarily significant, should be deciphered in the financial statements (in the Appendix to the balance sheet (form N 5), in the explanatory note) and in tax accounting - in the income tax return. The possibility of creating a provision for doubtful debts should be provided for in the accounting policy of the organization. The purpose of its creation is to smooth out the negative financial effect from the recognition of the corresponding loss. The regulation determines that an organization can create a reserve for doubtful debts if the debt arose as a result of settlements for products (goods, works, services), the debt repayment period under the contract has expired and there are no guarantees for debt repayment.

The Tax Code of the Russian Federation imposes additional requirements on the creation of a reserve for doubtful debts:

  • create reserves for doubtful debts can only organizations that determine the proceeds from the sale for tax purposes on an accrual basis;
  • a reserve can be created for any debt, with the exception of interest on debt obligations;
  • The amount of the provision depends on the maturity of the obligation.

    A provision for the full amount is created only for those debts that are overdue by more than 90 days. If the grace period is from 45 to 90 days, only 50% of the debt amount is included in the reserve. If this period does not exceed 45 days, the reserve is not created at all;

  • the total allowance for doubtful debts cannot exceed 10% of the sales proceeds received during the reporting period.

On the basis of the Letter of the Ministry of Taxation of Russia dated 05.09.2003 N VG-6-02/945, the amount of debt for which a reserve is created also includes VAT not transferred by the buyer. Provisions for doubtful debts are created based on the results of an inventory of accounts receivable conducted at the end of the reporting quarter. Organizations applying the accrual method of income taxation may create provisions for doubtful debts only for debts that arose after January 1, 2002.

Accounts receivable prior to this date should be included in the income of the transition period base. This debt is not taken into account when forming a reserve for doubtful debts. In accounting and tax accounting, there are different requirements for creating reserves for doubtful debts. Therefore, to simplify the work of organizations, they can create reserves in the manner prescribed by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

In accounting, the creation of reserves is reflected in account 63 "Reserves for doubtful debts" and, in accordance with clause 11 of PBU 10/99, is made at the expense of the organization's operating expenses. An entry is made for the amount of reserves created:

Debit 91 Credit 63.

The write-off of an uncollectible debt, for which a provision was previously created, is reflected in the accounting by posting:

Debit 63 Credit 62 (76) - uncollectible debt written off at the expense of the reserve.

Analytical accounting on account 63 is maintained for each created reserve. Accounts receivable are shown in the balance sheet net of allowance for doubtful debts. For the purposes of accounting and tax accounting, the write-off of reserves for doubtful debts occurs in different ways.

Thus, the Regulation requires that unused amounts of the reserve created in the previous year be added to the profit of the reporting period:

Debit 63 Credit 91 - the unused amount of the allowance for doubtful debt is charged to the financial result.

According to the provisions of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the reserve is added to the profit of the reporting year if, following the results of an inventory of receivables conducted at the end of the reporting or tax period, the organization can create a reserve in an amount less than the balance of the unused reserve. Thus, a situation arises when the norms of tax legislation allow the amount of the unused reserve to be carried over to the next year, and accounting requirements oblige to add the reserve to the profit of the reporting year. In such a situation, on December 31 of the reporting year, an inventory of receivables should be carried out. Based on the results of the inventory, the manager must decide on the creation of a reserve for the amount that can be transferred to the next year according to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. In this case, it is not necessary to record the write-off of the entire amount of the reserve. If the reserve is not created, then the amounts of bad debts are taken into account for taxation only after they are written off from the balance sheet. This usually happens after the expiration of the statute of limitations, that is, 3 years after the formation of the debt. By forming a reserve, the organization can take into account this amount much earlier - at the time of recognizing the debt as doubtful, and not bad. This will reduce the tax base for income tax.

Accountable persons Homogeneous requirements for netting