The Republic of Mordovia - The subject of the Russian Federation is part of the Volga Federal District.

Area - 26.2 thousand square k.km.
The length from the west to the east is about 280 km, from north to south - from 55 to 140 km.

Population - 826.6 thousand people (Data)
The population density is 31.6 people. per 1 sq. Km.

Capital - City Saransk.

Geographical position.
The republic is located on the eastern part of the East European Plain. Its western part is located in the window-Don Plain, the central and eastern part - on the Volga Hills. The highest point of the republic is 324 m.

Borders:
In the north - with the Nizhny Novgorod region;
in the northeast - with Chuvashia;
in the east - with the Ulyanovsk region;
in the south - with the Penza region;
In the West - with the Ryazan region.

Climate.
Klamat is moderate and continental, with a clearly pronounced seasonality (sometimes of the year). The average annual air temperature is 3-4 ° C. The average temperature of January: -11,112.3 ° C.
The average temperature of July: +18.9 +19.8 ° C. The average annual precipitation amount is 480 mm. The bulk of precipitation (up to 70%) falls in the form of rains.

Water resources.
About 1525 rivers, rivers, streams and other small drains with a total length of 9250 km occur on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. More than half of them are small, with a small and very low length. The main rivers - Sura, Alatyr, Insar, Pienna, Moksha, Sivin, Issa, Vad, Pars, End.

Lakes - a few hundred. The largest lake is located in the Sura River Valley - Ineca. Its length is about 3 km, width 100-150 m, depth - up to 11 m.

The swamps and wetlands are located, mainly in the floodplains of rivers, are found in low places of beams and ravines, especially in their upper reaches. The main areas occupied by the swamps are located in the valleys of the rivers Sura, Alatyra, Moksha, Wada, Insar.

Rivers freeze in late November - early December. The ice is holding 4-5 months, its thickness comes to 85 cm. And in the harsh winter of the river are freezing to 115 cm. Spring - high flood, in a rainy summer there can be floods.

Vegetable world.
The vegetation cover of the republic is currently alternating forest arrays with arable land and small sections of windy meadows or meadow steppes. The forests occupy an area of \u200b\u200b744.3 thousand hectares, which is 27% of the territory. Forests in Mordovia - mixed with a predominance of fine breeds: birch, alder, linden. Significant area of \u200b\u200bhardwood: oak, ash, maple. The fourth part of the forests is coniferous, consisting mainly of pine and ate. Especially many coniferous forests in the largest forest array in the West of the Republic, in the Mordovian State Reserve.

Animal world.
The animal world of Mordovia is very diverse, as a result of the proximity of forests and steppes, and the forbidden for hunting the zone of the Mordovian State Reserve serves as a nursery for many animals. As part of the fauna of the reserve 51 species of mammals, 175 species of birds, 29 species of fish, 1117 types of insects.

There are many valuable fur animals in the republic: cunits, badgers, squirrels, hares, caress. From large predators, a wolf and fox are widespread, a bear and lynx are found in the deaf. In recent years, the moose population has greatly grown. Of rodents are common protein, hare, on the fields are many gophers, tushkanchikov, agriculture. Bobras live in the water, many ondatras, outcrows, otters.

The fauna of birds is represented by a large number of singers, many pigeons, in the deaf places they are preserved the deaf and aunt.

Among the breeds of fish - bream, Jazus, Galavl, Pike, Nalim, Som, in the floodplain lakes there are many karas.

Minerals.
In the territory of the republic, 266 fields and manifestations of solid minerals and 759 peat deposits and manifestations were recorded. The deposits of common useful minerals prevail, in most - building materials: sands, clays, loams, carbonate and siliceous rocks.

Mineral water.
Mineral waters are produced in the republic, intended for the treatment of digestive organs (plots of Saransky, Kovykinsky and Yasopolyansky) and

mineralic healing water belonging to the Balneological group of bromine chloride-sodium water, which are used in balneotherapy in the form of baths, therapeutic shower and swimming pools for the treatment of a wide range of diseases of cardiovascular, nervous, musculoskeletal systems and chronic gynecological diseases (plots of Saransky and Yasopolyansky ).

Sights.

Church of the Tikhvin Mother of God's icon.
Located in the Temnovsky district, in the village of Urey-3, which was part of the keen of the Tatar Prince of Divletcheldiyev. The Stone Tikhvin Temple with Sergiev-Radonezh Prize was built in 1765. This is one of the few baroque structures remaining in the territory of Mordovia. In 1784, a second, wooden Nikolskaya was built with the stone church, with the chassions in the name of the Holy Great Martyr George Victorious and the Great Martyr Paraskeva. In Soviet times, the wooden church died, and the stone was preserved, but lost his bell tower. The temple is a monument of history and architecture of federal significance in accordance with Decree No. 176 of 20 02 1995.

Mordovian State Natural Reserve. P. G. Smidovich.
The reserve was created on March 5, 1936 by the Decree of the Presidium of the VTCIK and SNK RSFSR, located on the wooded right bank of the Moksha River (left influx of Oka), on the territory of the Temnik district. Area - 32 148 hectares. The main tasks of the reserve at the time of creation were the preservation and restoration of the forest massif of the Southern Schog Taiga Zone, the preservation and enrichment of the animal world by reactions and acclimatization of the most valuable species, the study of harmful entomophane and the research of rational methods of combating it.


Seasons for our republic are characterized by hot summer and cold winter with a steady snow cover. January and February are considered the coldest months. At this time, the temperature can be lowered to -30 ° C and below. In winter, the sky in Mordovia is very often closed with clouds. Sunny days rare. The first snow falls in October, but finally falls on the ground only in November-December. Some winter snow cover reaches 1 meter thickness. Such a number of snow is dangerous for many birds and animals: they can not get to the feed and often die from the nonsense. At this time, they need our help. You need to hang the bird feeders, feed the animals in the forest.


The nature of Mordovia in the past The nature of Mordovia is very diverse. On the modern map of the republic you can see the forests and fields, rivers and lakes, lowlands and hills. However, the territory of our Mordovia was not always covered with forests and rivers. Long ago, more than 300 million years ago, there was a sea at this place. His shores surrounded thick wet forests from fern, in which huge insects and scorpions lived. Sea animals wore thick shells from limestone. The skeletons of these animals became the basis for the formation of its deposits, which today can be seen, for example, near. Stone Brod of the Ylannik district, as well as on the shores of many rives, Urkat, Satis.


Rivers, streams, rods, lakes and swamps of the river of our republic belong to the Basin of the Great River Volga, i.e. all the waters flow into this river. The main rivers are Moksha and Sura. Both rivers carry their waters from the south to the north. To the smaller largest rivers include Alatyr, Cheberchinka, Cherry, Sinyash, Big Sarca, Shtyrma, Drunk-Flows Sura and Sivin, Varma, Issa, Wad, Urcat, Satis Moksha Troducils. Our republic is not very big, so the origins of almost all rivers are abroad, and only two rivers flow in the entire territory of Mordovia Sivin, flowing into Moksha, and Insar, which flows into Alatyr.


Soil, forest forest forests, meadows and reserves of the soil of Mordovia are also distinguished by a variety. The most common gray forest soils. How easy it is possible to guess, they are under the forests. Chernozem, rich in humus (the main substance of the soil) of dark painted soils, we do not have a lot. Usually they are busy fields, because they receive the richest crops. The floodplain soils are in the floodplains of rivers and are flooded annually flooding. For such soils, this is good: water rivers carry many suspended particles that settle in the floodplain and serve as an additional fertilizer for plants.


Mushrooms, plants and animals: Home and wild our forests are rich in mushrooms. However, the exact number of species of mushrooms that can be found in the republic is not known. The fact is that besides hats mushrooms (those that the mushroom hide in a basket) there are many others. In addition, some cannot be seen with the naked eye due to their small sizes. People often face mushrooms, without even suspecting that they are dealing with them. For example, Penicill mushroom produces a well-known drug penicillin. The yeast used for baking is also mushrooms, like a spider mold on the remaining crust of bread.


About the author I, a student of 9 "a" class Mukhin Artem, author of this site. I am fond of electronics, I like to repair broken tape recorders, televisions, computers. Thanks to this hobby, I took the 2nd place in the regional contest "New Year's carousel" in the nomination "Electrified Distille" and the 1st place in the district Olympiad on technology with the project "The use of a school diaprotector in conducting mass events of the school" and will soon go to the Republican Olympiad . The whole tendency to electronics and mechanics, as I think I have from my father, he works by the main mechanic in the "Carriage Repair Company". Currently, our school has created VIA "Parallel". In the ensemble I am a "drummer". Of course, I have a lot of hobbies, and I dream to find my place in life. But the most important dream is what would bring a new type of plants that are not only resistant to environmental pollution, but also would be able to clean the air itself, the soil from harmful impurities.

methodical development


Municipal Preschool Educational Institution

"Kindergarten №83 combined species", go Saransk

Ecological newspaper for the whole family

"Nature of the native land"
Dear readers!
We present you an ecological newspaper for the whole family "nature of the native land." You will learn which representatives of flora and fauna are rare in our republic and are listed in the Red Book of Mordovia, expand the ideas about the reserves of our republic. The newspaper presents a remarkable crossword puiser, as well as a literary page. The information printed in the newspaper will help parents to form in children knowledge about the nature of the native land and careful attitude towards the environment. It is important that together with you and your child understand that it is necessary to take care of the circumstances; I felt my personal responsibility, knew how to behave in nature, as needed to relate to plants and animals. Help the child realize that the person is not the owner and the conqueror, but part of nature and depends on it.

Page

Red

books

Red

BOOK

Republic

Mordovia


The Republic of Mordovia is located almost in the very center of the European part of Russia, on the southwestern periphery of the Volga basin, between the rivers Moksha and Sura. It is adjacent to it: Penza, Ryazan, Ulyanovsk and Nizhny Novgorod region, as well as Chuvashia. The wealth of Mordovskaya Nature is explained by the diversity of its landscapes.

Mordovia is not only the hospitable multinational republic, but also the beautiful edge of the middle strip of Russia. The nature of our republic, located on the border of the forest and steppe zones, is rich and diverse. Throughout a few tens of kilometers, you can immediately see the plots of steppes, oaks, taiga forests, swamps with cranberries. Many types of plants and animals listed in the Red Book of Russia live on the territory of Mordovia, the habitats of some of them are located only within the Volga region. It is we are responsible for their salvation and safety. However, the fact that the beauty and harmony of nature is fragile are becoming increasingly becoming more apparent. Today should not be indifferent to the problems of ecology. The preservation of nature is necessary to create favorable living conditions of people. For the sake of future generations and for the sake of further prosperity of Mordovia. The most important task of the present time is the preservation of biological diversity. According to the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection" of plants and animals listed in the Red Book, and their habitats
Must be seized from economic use, so the Red Book is not only an important handbook of rare species, but also the official regulatory legal document. The Red Book of the Republic of Mordovia should serve as a conservation of wildlife. Save all the variety of the vegetable and animal world of the republic - the task is not easy, but noble. Its solution is possible with the participation of all citizens of our republic. Unfortunately, by virtue of their employment, we do not always pay due time to talk with nature along with the child, help reveal her secrets, see its greatness and beauty. And only with their own behavior and attitude towards it, we can educate the future defender of nature. Let's try to live so that the land around us remains generous and beautiful to murmur with clean streams, bloomed beautiful flowers, twitter and hooked their bird trills. The vegetation world of the Republic of Mordovia is rich and diverse. This is due to its geographical position at the junction of forests and steppes. Vegetation is very rich and originally. The most common type of vegetation is clean and mixed pine forests. Clean fir forests are not enough, but there are pensions with an admixture of ate. Wide forests are represented by lipnyakov and dumbers.
Flora
. On the territory of Mordovia, rare water flora - chilim, or a water walnut (the view included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation), Naiada Large, Malaya Kaulinia is noted.

Chilim

water

nut

Naiad

big

Kaulnia Malaya
These species are rare everywhere in the middle lane of Russia. Only more than 40 types of vascular plants are included in the list of rare and endangered in the Republic of Mordovia. This is a semi-empty seed, slices, sullen, Easy, Fucking Easy, Cystone Mineful and other species.
Sedge

frightened Fucking Elegant

Fauna.
In Mordovia, elk live, boar, forest cunnage, ermine, beaver. Such animals like a small burzubka, an ordinary center, Oshness Sonya, Sonya Shelves, River Beaver, Badger, European Mink, Lynx, Koslya and a number of others are listed in the Red Book of Mordovia.
Malaya

breaking ordinary

courtyard

Oshness Sonya Sonya Shelves

European

i mink

Lynx


In addition, 18 species of animals are listed in the applications of the Convention on International Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora, which are threatened. In Mordovia, there are 7 species of birds listed in the Red Book. This is a large submap, the burial ground, an eagle-beloculous, steppe member, steppe Lun, a corner, housing.
B.

olshoye

undergraft burift

rlan -

belochlost Steppe Kestraka

warm

oh Lun Coruser
On the territory of the Temnik district of the Republic of Mordovia is the Mordovian State Natural Reserve. P. G. Smidovich. The reserve is located on the woods of the right bank of the Moksha River, the left tributary of the Oka. Flora marked over 1000 types of vascular plants. In the fauna, representatives of the deciduous forests, taiga and steppes are combined. Mammals - 59 species, birds - 194. Fear elk, brown bear, lynx, wolf, forest curtain, badger, otter.

Beregite

nature

native

the edges

Fascinating

page

Answers
1. Grasshopper 2. Ant 3. Osa 4. Bee 5. Dragonfly
6. Butterfly 7. Komar 8. Moth 9. Firefly

Literary

page
Mordovian region! Damnaya father My heart is close to me every corner, and bird sinas, and twitter nightingale, the beauty of the fields and the latitude of forests. Mordovian region! Favorite fatherland! Your beauty is very expensive to me: familiar path to home, familiar pond, steep shores. I like the landscape of autumn Dali: Nature seems to get on the go, the trees have become bare, fallen yellow leaves in the morning. Oh, how beautiful is Mordovia! My earth! And there is no limit to amazing native expanses, eternal flower. Tatyana Standekina

Industrial mining of fish in the reservoirs of the republic, with the exception of pond farms, is not conducted. No potentially valuable fishery in the natural reservoirs of the Republic of Mordovia has no normal number.

Lake Inerta. Mordovia

Biological resources of land sushi

Flora. Plants.

The vegetation world of the republic is rich and diverse. Currently, it is an alternation of forests with arable land and small sections of the decortion of meadows or meadow steppes. The forests occupy an area of \u200b\u200b744.3 thousand hectares, which is 27% of the territory of the republic.

The western part of Mordovia is located in the zone of coniferous and deciduous forests, shrub and meadow steppes predominate in the central and eastern regions. The plant world has more than 1230 species of vascular plants from 495 births and 109 families. Of these, 4 species of plauines, 8 - horsages, 18 - fern, 3 - viced, the rest are flowering plants. Herbate plants prevail, the number of types of trees and shrubs is small. The main forest-forming rocks are: pine, spruce, larch, oak stuffed, ash, male panel, elm, birch beard and fluffy, alder, linden, fighter, black.

Types of forests in Mordovia.

Forests of the republic are represented by the following major types (presentations of students by type of forests):

Pine borse occupy 29.7% of the area of \u200b\u200ball forests and are represented mainly by the pine. These are pine plates lichen, cruising, drowning, blueberry-rammatic, throats of greenom powered, long-term, sphagnum, names that are given on dominance in the undergrowth and herbal cover of the corresponding plant species. The soil of pine forests is poor organic substances, due to the lack of mass leafflow. Yes, and gradually falling hvoquins do not create soil humus and even slow down the germination of seeds of forest plants. Therefore, such forests are poorly represented by shrubs, and mosses and lichens are found from herbaceous plants. We have a squeezing (or mixed), where in wood tier, along with a pine, the oak, linden, birch, grows, grows in the undergrowth, coarsekeletter, flashes and others. Because of the regular leafflow of hardwood soil here, humus is rich here, so such forests are rich in herbal vegetation (Lily of the Lily, Mednica, Strawberry).

Fir forests in the republic are a bit, about 0.5%, and they are confined to the northwestern part (Teamern, Tengushevsky districts). It is there that the southern border of the range ate ordinary. Fir forests, like pine, are classified into groups of predominance in the undergrowth. The greatest economic importance is the Elanniki-Bedroom Suggested, blueberry-line. We have felniki sophisticated (dubnyak and lipovo-dubnyakovy), tosniki tamper and lowered.

Wide forests (Dubnyaki) used to occupy extensive territories in our republic, and now they are preserved in the form of small arrays on fertile soils in the central and eastern parts of the republic (about 17.5% of the territory of forests).

The main forest-forming rock is an oak puffy, it is usually accompanied by a sharp-cable, linden mellite, ash ordinary and other forest rocks.

Herbage is abundant in such forests due to the very rich nutrients of the soil and is represented by the Lily of May, Medunication, types of purchase, sickness ordinary. The dominance of species in the undergrowth is distinguished by dubnyaki maple-dying-cereal, maple-lipovo-sonya, maple-lipovo-divergent and dubnyaki floodplain, growing near rivers on floodplain loams with excessive moisture. Poaming Dubravy form mixed communities with alder, Elm, in herbal cover there is a netwoman, Tollga viscous and others. Dubnyaki are the most valuable rich in the species of our republic, and it is a pity that the area continues to shrink them, and the oak of seed origin is replaced by stroke with less high-quality wood.

Birch and aspen forests (mellular) are derived or secondary types and occupy 51% of forest areas in Mordovia. Bereznyaki arise, as a rule, on the site of pine bors, although sometimes in the floodplains of rivers there are primary birchings. In our forests, mostly three types of birch lives: wart, fluffy and hanging, but the name of Bereza whitefish was strengthened in the people.

Osinniki form derivatives that have been replaced by fools and dumbers. Aspen (trembling poplar), as more demanding to soil and moisture, it takes more fertile soil. One of the characteristic features of the aspen is very movable leaves that come into motion even from a weak breeze. This is explained by the fact that the leaf plates are attached to the end of a long, thin carcerer, which is flat, strongly flattened from the sides. Thanks to this shape, the petiole is especially easily bent into the right and left, which is why the aspen leaf plates are so mobile, and the impression of their trembling is created. The aspen lives a little, the trunk of it already at an early age has often inside the rot, adult trees are almost all in the middle of rotten. For this reason, they will easily break from a strong wind. Aspen on firewood is little suitable, as it gives little heat, it goes mainly on matches, various crafts. Her wood is lowful, so aspen is called weed forests.

In the Flora Mordovia, the following new types of vascular plants were recorded - a three-colton depot (Bolsheberezsky district), a pacifier (Tabrianzsky district) coffee pot (Tenbashevskiy district), a native (Tengushevsky district), Sailorbénik (Dubensky, Tabreznik district). Flora Mordovia, thus, has 331 species of vascular plants from 532 genera and 113 families. Among them, plauines - 5 species, horsages - 8, fernal-1 - 18, viced - 3, the remaining 296-flower or coated plants.

Rare forest plants of Mordovia.

Lilia Saranka. Growing small groups in rarefied nagorn dumbers, wide forests and birch groves, preferring the soil rich in humus. Flowers in late June - in July. It is found in many areas of the republic, including in Ruzaevsky.

Iris a leafless. Grows in light forests, preferring black soils or dark gray soils. Flowers in May - June. It is found in many areas of the republic, including in Ruzaevsky.

Labor green candy. It grows in medium-loaded, deciduous, fine, mixed forests, nagorn dumbers. Seeds germinate only in the presence of mushrooms for 2-4 years; Swords lead an underground lifestyle. For 3-5 years, the first leaves appear, and the plant blooms for 9-11 years, usually in June - July. The plant lives on average for 20-27 years, multiplying the seeds predominantly. It is found in many areas of the republic, including in Ruzaevsky.

Forest anemone. It grows on rich black membrane and dark-gray soils, by the edges of the cooled heat oak. Flowers in May - June. Plants that grew out of seeds bloom in 5-8 years. It is found in many areas of the republic, including in Ruzaevsky.

Stretch revealed perennial. Growing through dry sparse pine forests on poor sandy soils and decorted black earth slopes. Flowers in April - May. It is found in many areas of the republic, including in Ruzaevsky.

Adonis Spring. A light-affiliated plant growing in steppe slopes, thickets of shrubs and edges of the cooled oak. Flowers in late April - early May. Flowering and fruiting occurs when 15-20 years of age reaching. It is found in many areas of the republic, including in Ruzaevsky.

Venereal shoe real. It grows on coniferous and mixed forests, in the outskirts of the swamps, as well as in Nagorny Dubrava and Bereznyaki. Blooms for 15-21 years of life, at the end of May - early June. The most numerous populations in the Simkin Natural Park of the Bollenbeshnsky district. Located in the International Red Book.

Venereal shoe crawled. It grows on coniferous and mixed forests, slopes of deposited ravines and river valleys on wet soils. Flowers in late May - early June. For the first time was discovered in the 1980s in the 20th century in the vicinity of the biostancture of Mordovian University in the Tarrierzovsky district.

Ryabik Russian. Bulb ephemeeroid. It grows in rarefied wide forests, on forest glades, edges, in well-warmed places with relatively abundant moisture and rich soil. Flowers for 4 years of life in the second half of May. It is found in the Lambirsky district and in the vicinity of the city of Saransk.

Process Siberian. Grates in wide forests. Efemeroid. Flowers in late April. A significant population is located in the vicinity of the village of Sameaevka Kovyknsky district.

New location of species included in the Red Book of Russia were found: Pirish (Lambirsky, Atyashevsky, Ruzakovsky, Dubensky, Oktyabrsky district), Venusa Bashmachka of the present (ATYASHAVSKY DISTRICT), Yatryshniki Slam (Kovylkinsky district), Irisa Bezlekinsky (Kovylkinsky district). New locations of many rare on the territory of Mordovia species were found, including those who were considered disappeared from the flora: the longest REST (previously observed only in 1926, in 2000 was found in Tengushevsky and Drank-Polyansky districts), Alpine Reshevsky (Tengushevsky district), Niada ( Kovykinsky district), Luka Zhelesting (CHAMZIN DISTRICT), Skaren Tiled (Kovykinsky, October Areas), High (CHAMZIN DISTRICT), Zhokholki intermediate (Ichakovsky district), Loparovskaya (Ichkovsky district).

Work continued on the inventory of flora of specially protected natural territories. For example, Flora Artyhevsky reserve was studied. On its territory, 271 species of vascular plants from 184 births, and 56 families were revealed. Including 5 types of horsages, 2 species of fern, 2 types of vote, the remaining 264 species are coated. The leading position in the flora of the reserve is occupied by families of comprehensive, cereals, rose-colored, legumes, cruciferous. Herbatous plants dominate (87.2%), the share of rivets accounts for 12.2%. 19 species: Lilia Saranka, Kaufman, Cauccolt, Balkol, Pesic Country Palchatopornic Fuchs and others are given to the number of rare and endangered bolsters in the Flora of the Atheashev Reserve. Much attention is paid to identifying the preserved steppe sites. In order to eliminate them from the economic use and processes of privatization, part of these on the basis of a thorough study of their flora and vegetation is recommended for the protection of the status of customers and monuments of nature.

Adventive flora (plants, alien flores of the republic and penetrated the territory as a result of economic activity) are underway. The main source of adventive species is the unintended skid (229 species), mainly with rail transport (60% of the total number of vigorous species, found along the railways). Despite the fact that the structure of the adventtive flora dominates the sustainable and unprofitable species (241 species), the number of species occurring regularly in the unavoidable natural communities (25 species) is growing. Some of them appeared in the nature of the medium as a result of ill-conceived introduction and can serve as a source of biological pollution, for example, Cyclachen Durnichnichniste, Borschevik Sosnovsky, Field fishing. Many of Adventy are dangerous allergies and quarantine weeds, for example, species of the kind of ambrosia.

Fauna. Animals

Due to the fact that the republic is located on the border of the forest zone and forest-steppe, fauna has a number of features.

The first feature is the wealth of species. 268 species of birds were registered in Mordovia, of which 70 species belong to the category of rare and disappearing, and 10 species are included in the red books. In addition, 74 species of mammals, of which 35 are to some degrees of rare, 3 species are included in red books, from animals 2 types of discount, 7 species of reptiles, 10 types of amphibians and 40 species of fish.

The second feature of the fauna of the republic is a variety of life forms.

Here are found as pure steppe species - an ordinary layer, a large tushkanchik, grip-gopher, steppe bedshushka, and a curtain, the cooler, the Ryabchik and others. Many terrestrial water-related animals: Exhaust, Ontatra, Beaver.

The numerous combination of landscape conditions led to the fact that various faunistic complexes are adjacent to each other, the tushkin often lives in the neighborhood with a protein, etc.

Also, a feature of the fauna of Mordovia is the passage of the territory of the boundaries of the ranges of many types of ground vertebrates. For example: ordinary chopper, evening evening and others.

In Mordovia, 63 species of mammals were registered (of which 35 rare), 267 species of birds (70 rare), 44 species of fish live in the reservoirs of the republic. Very rich in the world of insects (more than 1000 species), but the diversity of reptiles and amphibians is small. Animal world consists of representatives of the forest fauna (elk, boar, lynx, cunnic, hare-white, dehumaria, trochik, dyatlah, frohae, tits) and, to a lesser extent, steppe fauna (grip-horse ).

On the territory of Mordovia, 25 species of regular spans were recorded, 24 species - irregular spans and 35 species - flying. According to the observations of biologists to rarely nesting, 39 species should be attributed: a large subzap, a big drink, reed Lun, Balaban, Cobchik and others. About 20 species of birds refer to possibly nesting on the territory of Mordovia.

The list of animals of Mordovia, listed in the "Red Book" of Russia, consists of 32 species: exhaust, Baybak, European, bison, black of Gagara, black stork, brake, beard, snakeyad, sapsan (falcon), burial ground, red-eyed barrack, white Steppe Lun, Orlen-Belochvost, Large sub-up, baloban, steppe butterfly, white partridge, large crocknepe, food cookerter, kulik-forty, small paint, steppe tirkushka, small paint, philin, gray Sorokopoute, sparkling recycling, white Ladaduga, ordinary replacement.

From the reptiles of 4 species are considered almost lost for the nature of Mordovia: Veretnitsa brittle, ordinary Medianka, Steppe Vijuk, a lizard whip.

The total area of \u200b\u200bthe hunting land of the republic is 2482 thousand hectares, including: agricultural land - 1707 thousand hectares, forest areas - 719 thousand hectares, water spaces - 21 thousand hectares. Moose, boars, tetheria, dermochari, geese, ducks and other species inhabited.

Rare animal forests of Mordovia.

Mahaon (insect class)

Mnemozin (insect class)

Herbal frog (amphibian class)

MEDYAN ORGANCE (Class Required)

Black Stork (Bird Class)

Berkut (bird class)

Filin (Bird Class)

Small Evening (Mammals Class)

Noble deer (mammalian class)

Bison (mammalian class)

Water biological resources of the republic

The main fishery reservoirs of the republic are the Rivers Sura, Moksha, Alatyr and their greatest tributaries.

Industrial mining of fish in the reservoirs of the republic, with the exception of pond farms, is not conducted. No potentially valuable fishery in the natural reservoirs of the Republic of Mordovia has no normal number.

Sura is a major right influx of the Volga. For five seasons, representatives of 31 species registered in the control fees of fish. The quantitative representation of individual taxa is presented as follows:

Numerous, dominant species: bleak, ripper, crucian gold, crucian-shaped, Okrug ordinary, Rotan;

Ordinary, episodically numerous: Pike, Pescar, Nome, barely Goljan River, Plumovka, Goles, ordinary, Vull, Som, Gorchak, Lin, Nalim, Rush;

Ordinary numerous: Red Person, Grew, Bream, Guster, Czech, Sazan (Wild), Choir, Sterlet, Sudak;

Rare: White-eyed, Pad, Berch, Clamp.

In general, the Ichthyofauna of Middle Sura is at the stage of gradual recovery. First of all, the group of rare and oppressed in ordinary moved 4 species - Elets, Golavl, Sazan, sterling. The number of multiple species has been halved - 8, instead of episodically numerous almost three times - 15 instead of 5.

Moksha refers to more typical rivers than Sura. In its partlore part there are more calm zones, overgrown with cores with semi-or entirely lake hydropractory. In the river, the Winter Zama is not blind. Therefore, the channel ichthyofauna has a mixed character - specialized (floodplain) species living next to purely reofophilic fish.

On the variety of fish swimming pool p. Moksha and directly channel part of the river are inferior to Sura - the direct influx of the Volga EDOMIC list is presented by the following types: Midhoga stream (circulation challenge), sterling, pike, ears, chub, roach, horse, goljan river, redfire, fasting, droplets, bleak, czech, sand Ordinary, Bream, White, Guster, Crucian, Caraz Silver, Gorchak Ordinary, Sazan (carp), top, Goles, ordinary, Som, Nalim, Okun, Sudak, Sudak, Bersh, Rotan, ordinary breeder.

General species diversity of fish in r. Moksha can be assessed as normal. The presence of environmentally sensitive representatives - a sub-brander, sterling, head, pike perch, Yelets, Pescar, testifies to a relatively low level of pollution of the river.

Recently in p. Moksha in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Tomnikov and below formed a stable population of sterling.

In the Pool of the Insar River, 17 species of fish are registered. In the Alatyr River, along with the species identified in the Insar River, there are bream and guther.

In general, Insaro-Alatyarskaya Ichthyofaun is depleted according to the visible diversity regarding the possibility of a taxonometric set of fish in the rivers of this size and type. This is due to the fact that on the Insar River, a reservoir of a relatively small flow rate, a Saranso-Ruzaevsky industrial assembly with a significant amount of discharged wastewater and a whole bouquet of all sorts of contaminants.

The given data in their aggregate can characterize the overall state of ichthyofauna in the republic as consistently improving. The most indicative of this is the sign:

increase in the number of populations of rare and oppressed fish;

the transition of small species in the category of ordinary, even in those reservoirs, where they were absent for a long time;

reducing the content in the reservoirs of chemical pollutants of abiotic pollution.

On the territory of the republic, two specially protected natural territories were created (Mordovian State Reserve named after P. G. Smiddovich and Smolny National Park), there are also reserves and monuments of the nature of regional importance.

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

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Hare hares hold shrub thickets or rare forests, avoiding open spaces. They have no constant shelter. Feed at night, at twilight and at dawn. In the summer, cereals, legumes, essay, housing of larchs eat. In winter, small branches and bark of trees and shrubs, as well as hay around the stealth. There is a saying - "Coward, like a hare." But the hare is not so much a cowardly as careful. This caution saves it from enemies.

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Fox Home Feature Fox - her fluffy tail. It acts as a steering wheel during persecution. It is also covered by curling away during the recreation of the glomer. Fox hunt comes at any time of the day. The main prey to them serve small rodents. In summer, foxes eat insects, berries and fruits of plants. At any time of the year, the Lisitsa Mushchets: I find out the holes of the field and forest mice, breaks them and eats these harmful animals.

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Wolf Wolves in winter lead a stray life, going into search of mining at twilight and at night. In the afternoon they are hiding in the thickets of shrubs and on ravines. Get hunting on deer, elk, cows, partridges and books, pursue the hares, and when there is no lively prey, feed on Padal. Wolves hunt not alone, but together. In search of the production of wolves grow in open spaces, making transitions without rest to 50 km. The wolf eats 2 kg of meat per day, the remains of food hides in a secluded place about the reserve.

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Bear of the Male Bear Bear Weighs 500-750 kg. It looks clumsy, although in reality is very movable and clever: it can quickly run, jump, swim, climb on the trees. It turns out in search of feed in the evening. Young shoots, roots, bulbs, mushrooms, berries, boors, nuts, nuts. In the forest unfolds ant heaps, eats eggs of chicks from the nests on the ground, catches small rodents, frogs. Attacks large animals. By the fall, the bears are fat and fall into the hibernation.

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Elk elk - Forest Giant with beautiful vinto horns. Females fights. Moving ears in all directions quickly, elk quickly catches the roots of the forest and goes into the thickets. In summer, Losi feed with juicy marsh plants and rhizomes, foliage, young escapes. Ivan-tea and dandelions love, but do not eat berries and mushrooms, cereals and potatoes do not touch. In winter, go to rough feed - Ospen and Willow branches, bark, lichens and chew.

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Deer deer dwells in wide forests, preferring oak plantings, where they feed the acorns. Summer eating various herbs, leaves of trees and shrubs. Deer becomes prey of wolves, especially in the spring, when they are weakened and cannot run quickly. Young Neoke-Looking Horn - Pnights Spotted Deer Use for Preparation of Medicinal Products.

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Boar Kaban is a very common wild animal. The closest relative of Kabana is a pig. The body length of the mate can be from 130 centimeters to 170 centimeters. Kaban height can be 1 meter. Body mass usually reaches sixty kilograms. The boars have a huge head, a little stretched forward, big and long ears, the eyes are very small, the stall has a patch. The body in the summer is covered with coarse bristles, closer to winter becomes thicker and more tender, with a bigger undercoat. The dependence of the propagation of boars on one or another territory depends on the presence of a large number of food on it.

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Badger Barsuk is a typical representative of mixed forests. This is an omnivorous beast, living in Norah. In size, it is more fox, but less than the wolf. Wide paws with long claws allow it to dig a hole well. They spend most of his life in Nore, falling for half a year in winter hibernation, and the rest of the time the day are hiding in the hole, at night - hunt on the miserable rodents and harmful insects.

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Beaver Beaver is the largest rodent. Beavers - Night Animals, closely related to reservoirs. They love quiet forest rivers with high shores and thickets of shrubs and trees. Willow, aspen, poplar, birch - their main feed. Bobras eat roots and jugs, various water plants and juicy herbs. Beaver swims well due to her tail. On the land, the tail serves him as a seat at the seat, in the water - oars, the tail of Beaquen seals the clay, building her hatch.

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Protein protein elongated body with fluffy long tail, the ears are long, the color is dark brown with a white belly, sometimes gray (especially in winter). Based everywhere, except Australia. Protein is a source of valuable fur. Squirrels spare on the winter nuts. Some bury them in the ground, others hide them in the wrappers of trees. The bad memory of some types of protein helps to keep forests, as they bury nuts to the ground and forget about them, and new trees appear from the sprouted seeds. Squirrels are omnivores: besides nuts, seeds, fruits, fungi and green vegetation, they also eat insects, eggs and even small birds, mammals and frogs.

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Yozh Yuzh - a predatory night animal. It dwells in mixed forests. In search of feed for the night, it takes sometimes up to 3 km. Food serves as beetles, rainworms, tritons, frogs, toads, lizards, snakes, mice, as well as berries, boodies, fallen ripe fruits apple trees, pears and other trees. By winter, hedgehog is fat and fall into a deep hibernation, finding a refuge in thick bushes, in the deepening of the soil, covered with fallen foliage. Wakes up Yozh only with the cessation of frosts. 15 Slide

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Mordovia Reserves Mordovian State Natural Reserve named after P.G.Smidovich is a reserve, located in the Temnovsky district of the Republic of Mordovia, on the right bank of the Moksha River, on the border of the coniferous-decide forest and forest plant. The reserve was created on March 5, 1936. Named in honor of the State Worker of Peter Hermogenovich Smiddovich, who paid a lot of attention to the issues of nature conservation. The reserve is located on the woods of the right bank of the Moksha River, the left tributary of the Oka. The main objectives of the reserve were the preservation and restoration of the forest massif of the Southern Schog Taiga Zone, the preservation and enrichment of the animal world. Smolny National Park. Smolny Park is located on the territory of Ichakkovsky and more-Ignatov regions of the Republic of Mordovia. Created to preserve the natural complex representing the ecological systems typical for Mordovia.