The territory of China is 9,598,962 km2. At the same time, the country ranks 1st in terms of population, since the country's population as of 2016 is 1,380,083,000 people! That makes up a little less than 20% of the total population of the planet.

The country of China is located in East Asia, in the southeast of the continent of Eurasia. It is washed in the west of the country by the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the West Korean Gulf and the Yellow Sea, which belong to the waters of the Pacific Ocean. China stretches just over 5,000 km from west to east, and about 4,000 km from north to south.

Officially, China is a socialist state. The head of state of the PRC is Xi Jinping. The official language is Chinese, which is called in the country of Putonghua. Moreover, in different autonomous regions of the PRC, there are additional official languages. All in all, China has 292 languages ​​that are used on the territory of this country. The monetary unit is the Chinese yuan. The capital of the People's Republic of China is Beijing, with a population of 21,705,000 as of 2016. This city is one of the twenty most populated cities in the world and covers an area of ​​16 801 km2.

Flag of the People's Republic of China:

The PRC is divided into 22 provinces (Taiwan considers 23 provinces of the PRC), 4 municipalities, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions.

The People's Republic of China was formed on October 1, 1949, and has its origins in the distant 2353 BC. NS.

The country of China is the world's largest exporter. The world leader in the production of most industrial products. It has the largest gold and foreign exchange reserves. Since 2014, it has the first economy in the world in terms of GDP.

The country is also rich in natural resources such as coal, oil, shale gas, precious metals and metal ores. It ranks first in coal mining and is also the world's largest gold producer.

Relief of China

The relief of China is quite varied. Here you can find plains, deserts, depressions, as well as plateaus and high mountain systems.

If you look at the map of China from west to east, you can distinguish three steps. In the southwest is the Tibetan Plateau, which is 2000-4000 meters above sea level and above. The second stage is the lower mountains and plains, the height of which ranges from 1500 to 3000 meters above sea level. And the third step is the lowest - these are plains, depressions and low mountains, the height of which does not exceed 1500 meters above sea level.

China climate

Due to the location of China, the size of its territory, as well as the features of the relief, which consists of steps, the climate of this country is very diverse in different regions. The country itself is located in three zones: temperate, subtropical and tropical. The northern and western regions of China are in a temperate continental climate characterized by hot summers and rather cold winters. The central regions of China are located in the subtropical belt, while the southern part of China and the islands are located in the tropical belt.

The coast of the country is influenced by the monsoons. The peculiarity of the Chinese climate is humid air in summer and dry air in winter. In winter, temperatures are completely different in different regions of the country. From -40 degrees Celsius in the north of the country to +20 in the very south of the country. Summers are hot and humid. Also, the temperature ranges from +20 degrees Celsius in the north of the country to +40 degrees in the south. China is prone to typhoons, tropical downpours and storms. The weather can be very different in different regions of the country, both in terms of precipitation and average annual air temperature.

Inland waters of China

In addition to the fact that the country has access to the seas, it is also rich in inland waters, which are characterized by long river systems and lakes. Some of the largest rivers in the world flow in China - the Yellow River, the Yangtze, the Mekong (Lancangjiang), and the Amur (Heilongjiang).

Besides rivers, China is also rich in lakes. Some of the largest lakes in the country are Poyang, Dongting and Taihu.

Fauna and flora of China

The fauna of China suffers from deforestation, but there are quite a few animal species. The symbols of China are Little Panda and Big Panda. Also, the most common representatives of the animal world in China are: wolves, foxes, bears, raccoons, jerboas, hamsters, tigers, leopards, monkeys and many other species of representatives of the animal world.

The flora of China is characterized by deciduous and coniferous forests, coniferous taiga, subtropical and tropical forests. Recently, due to the use of land by humans, the vegetation of the country began to suffer very much. The property of China is the bamboo plant. In the PRC, there are about 35 types of bamboo. Its characteristic feature is its rapid growth. Bamboo is used both for food and for the production of furniture, cellulose, ropes, pipes and other types of products. The main representatives of the plant world of China are linden, oak, maple and walnut, there are many types of shrubs, and among the flowers are magnolia, orchids, lotuses, tea roses, Chinese camellias, chrysanthemums.

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If you are wondering "what is the climate in China," then you should take into account that China is a bright, unusual country that beckons with its history and bewitches with its mystery. In China, environmental protection and new technologies are on the same level. This difference is observed in its climatic features.

First of all, China is characterized by a pronounced change of seasons, frequent monsoon rains, winds, heavy rainfall in all seasons in one half of the country and hot weather in the other half. There are three types of climate in China:

  • the tropical climate prevails along the southern coast and islands;
  • subtropical climate - located in the central part of the country;
  • in the west, north and east - a continental climate.

Thanks to such a variety of climates, this makes it possible to create a unique landscape. All conditions for the development of agricultural industry are located on the territory of the country.

In such conditions, it is difficult to find a time that will be favorable for all regions of China. While the scorching sun is shining in much of the country, in the north it has frosty winters down to -28. Winter in the center with a mild climate ranges from -3-6 degrees.

Such large differences in indicators can be noted in the amount of precipitation. The largest amount of rain falls on the coast, moving inland, the amount of precipitation becomes less. For example, the lowest average annual number was observed in the entire history in the Turfan Depression at 3.8 mm. The largest number was recorded in one of the provinces of Taiwan - 8400 mm.

Throughout the history of China, the climate has undergone great changes from humid and warm to colder. To prove this, there are ruins found in modern deserts and numerous records in the sources.

For example, if we compare the climate in China with other countries, using the example of cities in the Heilongjiang province and the suburbs of London, then the temperature in the Chinese town is 5-7 degrees lower, despite the fact that they are located in the same latitude and this climate will not be very usual for Europeans.

China's tropical climate

Winter in southern China is similar to late spring and there is practically no frost. The largest amount of precipitation falls from mid-May to August, the temperature during this period reaches the highest rates. Typhoons are frequent on the coast, especially from late August to early September. Tourists come to rest from October to November.

Which resort to choose for a seaside holiday? The most popular holiday destination is Hainan Island.

Hainan is compared to Hawaii, because most of the time the sun is shining and the amount of precipitation is very low. Do not forget that Hainan Island is considered a great vacation spot not only for locals, but also for tourists. The island is washed by the South China Sea.

The air temperature in this climatic zone on average reaches +25, and the water temperature +27 degrees. About 1200 mm of precipitation falls annually.

This part of the country is also characterized by high air humidity and stuffiness. There are frequent cases of hurricanes and typhoons. The southern coast of China experiences the largest influx of people from mid-May to mid-July, and from mid-October to November, it is during this period that the largest and brightest fairs and exhibitions are held.

Subtropical climate

Shanghai weather is somewhat similar to the Central European climate that we have seen recently. Central China lies on the 35th parallel, which indicates that China is drowning in the sultry heat in the summer. Shanghai, Nanjing and Chongqing are immersed in the scorching sun, which makes getting around the city almost unrealistic. In summer, the air temperature reaches + 27, in the middle of summer - in July, the weather reaches 35 degrees. The last temperature record was broken in 2014 when the temperature reached 40 degrees Celsius. In winter, the temperature ranges from +3 to +6 degrees, the lowest temperature recorded in January is -4 - 6 ͦС.

High humidity is 80-90% throughout the year. During the ripening period of the mume plum (20 days), torrential rains fall on this part of the climate. The amount of precipitation per year reaches 1110 mm. The rainy season starts in mid-June and lasts until mid-July. Tropical showers and typhoons are common in summer.

You can come to Shanghai at any time, but it is recommended to avoid the rainy season.

Description of the continental climate

In the northwest of the country, on the Ordos (Baotou) plateau, there is a continental climate, which is quite arid. The cities of Hohhot, Urumqi, Yinchuan and Lanzhou have long winters, from six to seven months, which can be compared to a real Siberian winter. The temperature in December-February reaches -9 degrees, as for the summer, in July the temperature during the day is + 21-24 degrees. The average annual rainfall ranges from 200 to 700 mm (Yinchuan). Dust storms or rains are common in this area. It is believed that the best time to relax is in the spring and summer.

China has a climate in the northeastern part with cold winters, and with the onset of spring, a "yellow wind" begins to blow from Mongolia, which not only obstructs visibility and causes mountains of sand, but also leads to erosion of the earth's surface. Summers are very hot, with maximum rainfall in August. Autumn is most often warm and sunny.

The climate in China is characterized by a wide variation in temperature, preferably between high and low.

As for individual regions, Tibet is famous for its special severity of climate. The temperature difference in the daytime and nighttime reaches 20 degrees, there are sandstorms and a large rarefaction of the air. In winter, the city is inaccessible due to continuous snow passes. From early May to mid-September, it is warm during the day to +6, and at night, due to the high location in the mountains (almost 3800 m), the temperature drops below zero. In addition, due to constant winds, the air temperature seems to be even lower.

Due to being at such a high point, the amount of oxygen in the air increases to 63%, which is beneficial for the body, except for those people who suffer from hypertension.

The best time to visit Tibet is considered the end of May - July, the heat in this part of the territory is easier to bear.

The most ideal time to visit China is late spring or early autumn; for the south, the best time is November and December. But it all depends on the seasonality and weather conditions.

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Ancient China occupied an impressive area in the southeast of Asia, located on the Great Plain of China. The large territory of the empire determined a variety of climatic features and natural conditions, thanks to which the formation and development of the ancient state became possible.

Yellow River and Yangtze

The formation of ancient Chinese civilization took place at the turn of the 3rd - 2nd millennia BC. Like all ancient peoples, the Chinese settled on the banks of large rivers, which provide them with everything they need.

On the territory of the Great Plain of China, two mighty rivers flow - the Yellow River (Yellow River) and the Yangtze (Blue River). The Yellow River basin became the cradle of Chinese civilization. This waterway has always been distinguished by its indomitable disposition, regularly flooding huge sections of the valley and changing the direction of its course.

Rice. 1. Great Yellow River.

In ancient times, the entire Yellow He Valley was covered with dense forests, which have now been completely destroyed. In ancient China, this region was distinguished by high humidity - throughout the year there were heavy rains with short interruptions. Over time, the climate began to change towards a decrease in the average annual temperature and humidity.

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Despite the capricious disposition of the Yellow River, which was the culprit for the flooding of crops, the ancient Chinese did not leave its valley. Only this region was dominated by alluvial soils with high fertile properties. The soft alluvial soil formed from the nutrient river silt contributed to the successful development of agriculture.

Climate in Ancient China

The climatic conditions of Ancient China were diverse due to the natural division of a large country into two parts - western and eastern.

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  • Western China is a mountainous region with a sharply continental climate. Winters have always been harsh and long here, while summer months have been short and hot. Precipitation has always been insufficient for the development of agriculture.

Rice. 2. Himalayas.

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The largest mountain systems are located on the territory of Western China: Tien Shan, Kunlun, Himalayas. The highest in the world is the Himalayan mountain range - its peaks exceed 8 thousand meters in height, and are a natural barrier between India and China. Largely thanks to them, Ancient China was isolated from other civilizations for a long time.

  • East China - a valley region, with a milder and more comfortable climate, diverse flora and fauna. The eastern part of Ancient China is characterized by hilly slopes and plateaus. In its valley flow two largest rivers - the Yangtze and the Yellow River, in the armholes of which the ancient civilization of China was born. In summer, there has always been a sufficient amount of atmospheric precipitation, and autumn was characterized by warm and dry weather.

Rice. 3. Valley of the Yangtze River.

What have we learned?

When studying the topic "Natural and climatic conditions of Ancient China" in the 5th grade history program, we learned briefly about the climate in Ancient China, found out what were its features. We determined in which region the settlements of the ancient Chinese were located, and with what it was connected.

Test by topic

Assessment of the report

Average rating: 4.6. Total ratings received: 291.

First of all, in order to understand what kind of weather conditions in China are for visitors and those who are going to move to this amazing country forever, it is necessary to understand the general climate in China. In terms of its territory, the country is not small, where almost all climatic zones exist.

The country has about seven climatic zones, we will single out six main ones:

  • Equatorial. The most favorable climatic zone for tourists. Summer is hot almost all year round. The vegetation is lush, similar to tropical forests, but without long rains.South latitude from 15 °.
  • Tropical. For tourists who do not tolerate the heat too much and do not like the cold. The vegetation is similar to tropical forests where monsoons are observed. For thought: the coldest month in this belt keeps the temperature above 15 degrees, at this temperature they manage to harvest three rice crops a year.The latitude of this belt is from 15 ° to 23 °.
  • Subtropical. Favorable for tourists from European countries, Russia, Canada and other countries with a temperate climate. So, the coldest month of the year: temperatures from 0 ° to 16 ° Celsius. The vegetation of this belt inspires us with the beauty of evergreen deciduous forest types, where they manage to harvest two rice crops per year.
  • Moderately warm. Can't stand the heat and warm climate? Northerners are here for you for a holiday in China. Where the average temperature of the coldest month of the year varies from -7 ° and does not exceed 0 ° Celsius. Autumn inspires artists from all over the world to paint pictures of the deciduous forests of this climatic zone. The crop is harvested 1-2 times a year. Latitude 32 ° -43 °.
  • Moderate. For tourists who like snow, ski, mountains. Who loves cold and winter sports. For you, this is an ideal climatic zone, not too cold and a real WINTER. The coldest month of the year: up to - 25 ° С. Vegetation pleases with spruces, pines, etc. - mixed conifers. They manage to harvest one crop per year.
  • Moderately cold. This mysterious and alluring taiga. Latitude from 50 ° and above. The temperature drops below 25 ° C .. Does it stop you? No, in stores in China, you can buy thermal underwear and clothing that can withstand temperatures up to -40 degrees. All around there are rough taiga forests. The climate is not entirely favorable for the harvest, but several varieties of wheat and potatoes are grown.

The weather in China depends directly on the climatic zone. The weather can be severe cold and sultry hot. Small tips for visiting China for the first time.

Most people see China as a hot country. However, this statement is not true, since the country's climate is very diverse due to its enormous size.

Weather in China now:

The country has an unofficial name "Middle Empire", which fully reflects its essence. Here you can find literally all types of climate on the planet. It is almost impossible to find a season in which good weather conditions will accompany throughout China. To some extent, certain periods of spring and autumn meet these conditions, but it is worth noting that at this time it is easy to run into a raging typhoon. Besides the unusual weather, China is a very interesting and varied country in terms of color. The Chinese pay tribute to traditions and know how to honor the memory of their ancestors. The inhabitants of the country know how to work and relax, which makes the country a very attractive place to get acquainted with the ancient traditions of the East.

China climate by month:

Spring

If you decide to visit this country, then the best option would be a spring trip. In March, nature begins to massively revive and everything blooms around. However, one should not forget about the size of the country, which leads to some difference in temperatures. In April it gets even warmer, and May gives not just warm, but even hot weather.

The Chinese spring is full of holidays, as well as the domestic one. However, there they have a slightly different meaning. For example, March 8 is not celebrated en masse, but on May 1 they are walking for almost a week. And the national flavor makes itself felt. In China, such festivals as the Kite Festival and the Heavenly Empress Matsu Festival are very fun and colorful.

Summer

Summer brings warm, and even hot weather in some regions. June and July are a little stuffy, especially in urban areas, but August is a little cooler. The disadvantages of this time of the year are frequent hurricanes, as well as the lack of calmness of sea waters.

Summer in the country is full of celebrations. Summer begins traditionally with the Children's Day, but then there are quite unusual holidays for us. This is the Dragon Boat Festival, which is one of the main solemn days in the country and Father's Day. And in August, the Chinese celebrate Valentine's Day.

Autumn

It is noticeably cooler in autumn than in summer, but still quite warm. The air temperature ranges from 13 to 25 degrees, depending on the region. But with the onset of November, it becomes cooler, and frosts occur in winter.

The galaxy of autumn holidays begins with the Teacher's Day, which takes place on September 10. It is worth noting that the people of China honor not only educational workers, but also their main teacher, Confucius. The birthday of the great philosopher is September 28. And the most important holiday of the country is celebrated on October 1 - the Day of the Republic of China.

Winter

In the north of the country, winters are quite harsh. Winter here lasts from December to March and is very cold. The air temperature can drop below forty degrees, revealing an interesting sight - sand dunes under a layer of snow. In central China, winters are shorter, but also quite cold. But in the south it is much warmer and winter lasts no more than 2 months.

The Chinese have officially switched to the usual chronology, but they continue to honor and largely follow the lunar calendar. In this regard, the usual New Year (January 1) is not celebrated on a large scale, but the Chinese New Year (February 10) causes a storm of mass festivities. In the same month (February 24), the Lantern Festival is celebrated, the celebration of which is an incredibly beautiful sight.