You need to investigate how air pressure changes. Study of natural phenomena: change in atmospheric pressure, rain approaching. Low atmospheric pressure

The most effective folk methods in the treatment of angina, characteristics of the disease

As atmospheric pressure affects blood pressure

What is atmosphere

The history of the opening of atmospheric pressure

Why and as a result of which atmospheric pressure is created

Influence on the weather

Standard indicators

Low atmospheric pressure

Increased atmospheric pressure

Influence on man

Meteo-dependent and healthy people

The effect of pressure and temperature changes

Meteopathy

General information about the disease

What provokes the attack

Symptoms of status

Types of angina

First aid for angina

Treatment by folk methods

How the air pressure changes

The effect of cyclone

What to do hypotonized at low atmospheric pressure

The influence of anticyclone

Conclusion

Above sea level

Underground

Classification of folk remedies

Using folk recipes

Nuances of treatment for nonsense

The text of the work is placed without images and formulas.
The full version of the work is available in the "Work Files" tab in PDF format

Introduction

Main part

Theoretical part

Practical part

Investigation of the problem of the dependence of blood pressure from the atmospheric method of a special survey (Internet survey)

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction:

The actions of atmospheric pressure and atmospheric phenomena (thunderstorm, hot and dry winds, fogs, snowfall, etc.), according to various scientists, affect the well-being of approximately 75% of people. According to various sources, this figure varies slightly, but with the very fact of the influence of atmospheric phenomena, all the authors agree on the well-being of a person. This confirms the life experience of any of us. The concept of "meteolessness" includes the effect of several factors on human health as a whole. The very meaning of atmospheric pressure (or changes) is only one of the factors affecting well-being in general. And we want to focus on the concrete influence of atmospheric pressure (its changes) on the value of blood pressure. At the same time, we tried to concretize the problem and to focus on the effects of changes in atmospheric pressure on the value of the arterial pressure of adolescents.

In adolescence, health problems are often arising, which is temporary, that is, passing with age. This is due to the fact that during the rapid growth and development of the body, many organs and human functions are developing at different pace. Among all other things, the influence also has the fact that it is in adolescence in the body a serious hormonal perestroika occurs.

In most cases, it is impossible to avoid damages of blood pressure in such a situation. But it seems to us that if adolescents will know what these differences can be related to, then it is easier for them to perceive it and survive. Many of our friends and classmates often turn to a doctor with complaints about elevated or reduced pressure. But they do not have any associated chronic diseases.

Based on the foregoing, we believe that the study of this problem is important, necessary and interesting.

Purpose of the study

Research tasks:

rate the opinion of respondents on this issue

find out the opinion of medical professionals who are directly related to working with adolescents on this issue.

experimentally identify the dependence of blood pressure from atmospheric in adolescents

Hypothesis Research:

Research methods:

study of literary sources and Internet resources on the topic of research

direct measurement method of atmospheric and blood pressure

Within 10 days in a row, we measured blood pressure from a group of subjects 13 and 14 years (used the help of classmates). In parallel, we measured the atmospheric pressure by the barometer.

method of analysis and comparison of the obtained measurement results

Based on the results of direct measurements, we built a series of graphic dependencies, clearly demonstrating the presence or absence of interconnection between pressures

social survey method (Internet survey)

Taking advantage of the Internet features We offered absolutely unfamiliar to us adolescents to answer a few questions on our research. We believe that it is the Internet that takes a large number of people in a short time and thereby make statistical data most accurate.

interviewing method

The topic of our study directly concerns human health, because the opinion of medical workers on the topic of our study seems to us the most authoritative.

Separately, I would like to note that the relevance of this problem, we ourselves began to understand more and more in the process of working on the study. Here are the main points of the relevance of the problem of the dependence of the arterial pressure of adolescents (and its changes) from the atmospheric pressure value:

it affects human health

the term "meteo-sensitivity" implies dependence on a number of atmospheric changes, not highlighting specifically atmospheric pressure

we ourselves are people of adolescence and this problem concerns us and our friends.

we wondered to study this problem, we learned a lot of new and interesting for themselves.

II. Main part

II.I Theoretical Part

Pressure: Basic Concepts

The pressure (P) is a physical value characterizing the state of a continuous medium and numerically equal to force acting per unit area of \u200b\u200bthe surface perpendicular to this surface.

The pressure in the SI system is measured in Pascal: [p] \u003d Pa

In medicine, meteorology and many other areas of human activity, pressure is measured in millimeters of a mercury pillar (mm. RT. Art.)

The following pressure units are also used:

Bar , T.exchange atmosphere, physical atmosphere , meter of water column , inch mercury pillar , pound power per square inch .

Measuring the pressure of gases and liquids is performed using pressure gauges, dipminomometers, vacuum meters, atmospheric pressure - barometers, blood pressure - tonometers.

Atmosphere pressure:

The atmosphere is an air envelope. Air is a mixture of gases, the main of which are nitrogen and oxygen. The earthly atmosphere extends several thousand kilometers and its density decreases with the removal from the surface of the Earth.

The mass of the modern atmosphere is approximately one millionth of the mass of the Earth. The density and pressure of the atmosphere sharply decrease with height, and the temperature changes unevenly and difficult, including due to the effect on the atmosphere of solar activity andmagnetic storms. The change in temperature within the boundaries of the atmosphere at different heights is illustrated by the unequal absorption of solar energy with gases. The most intense thermal processes occur in the troposphere, and the atmosphere is heated from below, from the surface of the ocean and sushi.

It should be noted that the atmosphere has a very large environmental significance. It protects all the living organisms of the Earth from the degrading effect of cosmic radiation and blows of meteorites, regulates seasonal temperature fluctuations, balances and aligns the daily. If the atmosphere did not exist, then the oscillation of the daily temperature on Earth would have achieved ± 200 ° C.

We used to perceive the presence of the atmosphere as a fact, but the atmospheric air only seems to us by weightless. In fact, it has a weight that can be shown by easy settlements:

We calculate the weight of the air in the volume of 1 m3 near the surface of the Earth:

P \u003d M.G - formula for calculating the body weight of the known mass

m \u003d ρ.v, where ρ \u003d 1.29 kg / m3 is the density of the air near the surface of the Earth

Weight 1 m3 air:

P \u003d 1.29 kg / m3.1m3.9.98 / kg ≈ 13

So, the weight of one cubic meter of air is about 13 N. Air with its weight, presses on the ground, therefore, puts pressure. This pressure is called atmospheric.

Atmospheric pressure - the pressure of the atmosphere on all objects in it and the earth's surface. Atmospheric pressure is created by the gravitational attraction of air to the ground.

Normal atmospheric pressure is called the pressure of 760 mm Hg. The sea level at a temperature of 15 0 s (or 101 325 pa.) It is accepted with surface calculations with normal atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa.

By informing the weather on the weather, the speakers at the end usually report: the atmospheric pressure of 760 mm mercury pillar (or 749, or 754 ...). But many do many understand what it means, and where are weather forecasters take this data?

The atmospheric pressure is measured in order to predict a possible change in weather with greater probability. There is a direct connection between pressure changes and weather changes. Growth or decrease in atmospheric pressure with some probability can be a sign of changing weather. Through the pressure drops, cloudy, rainy weather, increases dry weather, with a strong cooling winter.

Arterial pressure

Blood pressure is the pressure that blood has on the walls of blood vessels, or, in a different way, the excess of the pressure of the fluid in the blood system over the atmospheric. The most often measured by blood pressure; In addition to it, the following blood pressure types are distinguished: intracardiac, capillary, venous.

Arterial pressure is one of the most important parameters characterizing the operation of the circulatory system. The blood pressure is determined by the blood volume pumped per unit of time with the heart and resistance of the vascular bed.

The upper digit is systolic blood pressure, shows the pressure in the arteries at the moment when the heart is compressed and pushes the blood in the artery. The lower digit is diastolic pressure, shows the pressure in the arteries at the time of relaxation of the heart muscle. The diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure in the arteries. As the blood progresses along the vascular bed, the amplitude of the blood pressure fluctuations will fall, venous and capillary pressure are little dependent on the phase of the cardiac cycle.

The typical value of the blood pressure of a healthy person (systolic / diastolic) \u003d 120/80 mm Hg. Art., Pressure in large veins for several mm. RT. Art. below zero (below atmospheric). The difference between systolic arterial pressure and diastolic (pulse pressure) is normal of 30-60 mm Hg. Art.

Most easily in measuring blood pressure. It can be measured with the device of a sphygmomanometer (tonometer). It is precisely it is usually under blood pressure.

Modern digital semi-automatic tonometers allow you to limit ourselves to only a pressure set (to sound signal), further reset of pressure, registration of systolic and diastolic pressure, the device conducts itself.

The influence of various factors on blood pressure indicators

Arterial pressure depends on many factors:

time of day

the psychological state of a person (under stress pressure rises),

reception of various stimulating substances (coffee, tea, amphetamines) or medicines that increase pressure.

from the frequency of heart cuts, which drives blood according to vessels,

from the quality of the walls of the vessels (their elasticity), which are blood resistance,

from the volume of circulating blood and its viscosity,

age of man

The effect of the value of atmospheric pressure on the value of blood pressure of a person:

The actions of atmospheric pressure and atmospheric phenomena (thunderstorm, hot and dry winds, fogs, snowfall, etc.), according to various scientists, affect the well-being of about 75% of the population. But the very value of atmospheric pressure (or changes) is only one of the factors affecting well-being in general. The concept of "meteolessness" includes the effect of several factors on human health as a whole. And we want to focus on the concrete influence of atmospheric pressure (its changes) on the value of blood pressure.

Weetchosensitivity

Weetorality is the reaction of the body to the impact of meteorological (weather) factors. Weettoral sensitivity is quite widespread and occurs at any, but more often unusual for this person climatic conditions. The weather "feels" about a third of the inhabitants of moderate latitudes. The peculiarity of these reactions is that they arise from a significant number of people synchronously with a change in meteorological conditions or a slightly ahead of them.

Weetto-sensitivity has long aroused surprise and even fear of a person before the incomprehensible phenomenon of nature. People who felt the weather were called "live barometers", "petrels", "Weather Prophets". Already in ancient times, doctors guess the influence of weather on the body. For a healthy person, meteorological oscillations are usually not dangerous. Nevertheless, people who do not feel the weather, the reactions to it are still manifested, although sometimes they are not realized. They must be taken into account, for example, from drivers of transport. With a sharp change of meteo conditions, it becomes harder to concentrate attention. From here, the number of accidents may increase. As a result of diseases (flu, angina, inflammation of lungs, diseases of the joints, etc.) or overwork, the resistance and reserves of the body are reduced. That is why meteorality is observed in 35-70% of patients with different diseases. So, the weather feels every second patient with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Significant atmospheric changes may cause overvoltage and disruption of adaptation mechanisms. Then the oscillatory processes in the body - biological rhythms are distorted, becoming chaotic. The physiological (asymptomatic) weather reaction can be compared with a calm lake, which waves come from a light breeze. Pathological (painful) Weather reaction represents a kind of vegetative "storm" in the body. Contribute to its development of a violation of the regulation of the autonomic nervous system. The number of vegetative disorders has recently increasing, which is associated with the action of adverse factors of modern civilization: stress, rush, hypodynamines, overeating and malnutrition, etc. In addition, different people have a functional state of the nervous system. This determines the fact that often with the same diseases are noted diametrically opposite weather reactions: favorable and unfavorable. More often, weather sensitivity is observed in persons with weak (melancholic) and strong unbalanced (choleric) type of nervous system. In humans of a strong balanced type (Sanguini), meteorality is manifested only with weakening the body. The body affects both the weather as a whole and its individual components.

The oscillations of barometric (atmospheric) pressure act in two ways:

reduce blood saturation with oxygen (the effect of barometric "pits")

the nerve endings (receptors) of the pleura (mucous membrane, lining the pleural cavity), peritoneum (lining abdominal cavity), the synovial shell of joints, as well as vessel receptors are mechanically irritated.

Under normal conditions on the surface of the Earth, the annual oscillations of atmospheric air are not exceeded 20-30 mm, and the daily daily is 4-5 mm. Healthy people endure them easily and imperceptibly. Some patients are very sensitive even to such insignificant pressure changes. So, with a decrease in pressure in persons suffering from rheumatism, pain in the affected joints appear, in patients with hypertensive disease deteriorates well-being, angina attacks are observed. In people with an increased nervous excitability, sharp pressure changes cause the appearance of a feeling of fear, worsening mood and sleep. Atmospheric pressure drops, especially jump-shaking, negatively affect the circulatory system, vascular tone, arterial pressure.

On the well-being of a person, long enough for a certain locality, usual, i.e. The characteristic pressure should not cause a special deterioration of well-being.

Staying in conditions of increased atmospheric pressure is almost no different from ordinary conditions. Only with very high pressure there is a slight reduction in the pulse frequency and a reduction in the minimum blood pressure. More rare, but deeply becoming breathing. Hearing slightly decreases, the voice becomes muffled, a feeling of a slightly numb skin cover appears, dry mucous membranes, etc. However, all these phenomena are relatively easily transferred.

More unfavorable phenomena are observed during the period of changes in atmospheric pressure - increase (compression) and especially its decline (decompression) to normal. The slower the pressure change occurs, the better and without adverse effects adapts to him the human body.

Upon low atmospheric pressure, the increase in the breath is noted, the increase in heart rate (the strength is weaker), some drop in blood pressure, there are also changes in blood in the form of an increase in the number of red blood tauros. The adverse effect of reduced atmospheric pressure on the body is oxygen starvation. It is due to the fact that with a decrease in atmospheric pressure, the partial pressure of oxygen decreases.

The mechanism of the relationship of atmospheric and blood pressure:

The atmospheric air is a mixture of gases, the pressure of each of which contributes to the value of the total atmospheric pressure. This contribution of individual oxygen is the partial pressure of this gas. Therefore, with a decrease in atmospheric pressure, the partial pressure of oxygen decreases, which leads to oxygen starvation and with the normal functioning of the respiratory and blood circulation organs in the body there are fewer oxygen.

According to medical statistics, a healthy person is most comfortable feeling at a value of atmospheric pressure of 760 mm. RT. Art.

II.II Practical part

II.II.I.Study of the problem of the dependence of blood pressure from the atmospheric method social survey (Internet survey)

The method of social survey (Internet survey) to find out the opinion of the target audience on the possibility of the dependence of the blood (arterial) pressure of a person from atmospheric pressure.

Target audience of the social survey: Respondents from 10 to 20 years.

Assigned questions:

Methods for analyzing results:

Questionnaire of respondents who have chosen the following options for answers to questions were excluded and the analysis was not subject to:

As a result, the processing of respondents were accepted to help us who are people of adolescence (we have slightly expanded the age range), with arterial pressure problems and having an idea of \u200b\u200batmospheric pressure. To simplify the data processing process, we stopped the Internet survey at a hundredth questionnaire that meets the above requirements.

Yes - 65% No - 15% I do not know - 20%

Conclusion: Most of the people of adolescence, having problems with arterial pressure, tend to bind it with changes in atmospheric pressure.

Comments: Teens do not have special medical education, do not measure pressure every day, in addition, may have other health problems affecting the value of blood pressure. Therefore, the results of the social survey express only the audience's opinion on this issue, and not the direct relationship of the phenomena under consideration.

Study of the problem of the dependence of blood pressure from the atmospheric method of interviewing

The task of this stage of the study: Find out the opinion of medical workers who are directly related to working with adolescents on this issue.

Interview with school paradise Kostostova Svetlana Valeryova:

Question: Tell me, please, how often do teenagers turn to you with a problem of elevated or reduced blood pressure?

Answer: Very often in the medical professional process, we reveal a number of problems directly related to deviations from the norm of blood pressure values.

Question: What do you think it may be connected with?

Answer: It seems to me that there are several main reasons. This is, first, our changeing north weather. The fasterful adolescent body simply does not have time to respond mobile and correctly and quickly adapt to such changes. According to statistics of adolescents in regions having a more stable climate, much less suffer from similar deviations

And secondly, this is a strong load of children: school, circles, sections, tutors in big cities This problem is still sharper ..

Question: Do you believe that many healthy people are meteo-dependent?

Answer: You know, now some St. Petersburg medical centers specialize in meteo-dependence correction. Whole techniques have been developed, including phytotherapy, medical gymnastics, respiratory gymnastics and much more. But these clinics mainly specialize in the treatment of middle and elderly people, or people with chronic pathologies in this area. And adolescents, meteo-dependence may be a problem of temporary, age. But if the teenager is confident that the change of weather affects his condition, no one bothers him to be interested in the weather forecast and on the basis of this, to build its plans for the coming days. Nature has many more secrets and questions that there are no specific answers yet.

Investigation of the problem of the dependence of blood pressure from the atmospheric experimental method.

The task of this stage of research: Experimentally, by direct measurements, to identify the dependence of blood pressure from atmospheric in adolescents.

Structure of experiment: Within 10 days, blood pressure was measured in eight test 13 and 14 years. In parallel, we measured the atmospheric pressure by the barometer, which replacing the testimony with the data of the meteorological forecast for these days. The difference between the experimental values \u200b\u200bof atmospheric pressure and the data of the meteorological forecast was insignificant. Therefore, for comparison and analysis, we used the data obtained by yourself during the experiment.

Data Processing Methods: We entered the direct measurement data to the table (see below). During the comparative analysis, we concluded that there is a need to make additional calculations based on the results of direct measurements. The data also listed in the table (see below). The following graphics were more visual, which allowed us to conclude that practically confirming our hypothesis.

Table number 1, data of direct pressure measurements (mm. RT. ST)

Atmospheric pressure value	The meaning of blood pressure
Atmospheric pressure value	Tanina Alina	Maleeva Tatiana	Agafonov Igor	Grebekheva Irina	Sazonov Kirill	Yarulin Maxim	Rooster Alena	Guckina Nadezhda

Chart number 1: Atmospheric pressure value

Chart number 2: Value for blood pressure of two subjects

The experimental data did not reveal the direct relationship between the pressure values.

Based on the fact that when comparing these direct measurements, the output is not entirely obvious, we suggested that the relationship may exist not so much between the absolute pressure values \u200b\u200bas between changesthese values.

Table number 2.

The difference module between the current pressure value and the following

in mm.rt.st. (Δ p)

	atmospheric

Chart number 3: Changing atmospheric pressure

Chart number 4.

Comparison of changes in atmospheric and blood pressure

Diagram number 1: Comparison of changes in atmospheric and blood pressure

Conclusions from this part of the study:

based on the analysis of experimental data, we can argue that changes in atmospheric pressure (in one direction or another) lead to changes in blood pressure, which clearly demonstrates Chart No. 2. That is, we can argue that blood pressure depends from atmospheric, more preciselychange atmospheric pressure lead tochange Pressure of arterial in adolescents.

Conclusion

Studying the connection between human health and atmospheric phenomena has a long history in which the facts are mixed with legends. Already the father of medicine Hippocrates in his famous treatise "On air, waters and localities" outlined the essence of the influence of weather per person. Now studying this problem is mainly engaged in medical centers specializing in the treatment of hypotension and hypertension. For our research, we chose one of the aspects of meteo-sensitivity - the effect of atmospheric pressure on the well-being of people of adolescence.

The purpose of our study was: To investigate the dependence of changes in the blood pressure of blood in people of adolescence from changes in atmospheric pressure.

We assumed that such a dependence exists, because they put forward a hypothesis, about the presence of this dependence.

Hypothesis Research:based on the information obtained by us from the literature and Internet sources, we assume that the blood pressure in adolescents depends on atmospheric pressure.

We approached the study of this problem from several points of view. We were interested in the question of whether this problem concerns our peers. To solve this issue, we conducted an Internet survey among a large group of adolescents, the result turned out to be very illustrative - 65% of respondents tend to consider the hypothesis faithfully correct. Then they were interested in the question of what medical work is thinking directly related to work with adolescents about the effect of atmospheric pressure on schoolchildren's health. From an interview with a teenage doctor and school hospital, we received a lot of useful and indicative information, which also practically confirms our hypothesis. Next, it seems to us to be relevant to quoting the famous philosopher, the inventor and painter Leonardo da Vinci. He argued that:

"The interpreter of the tricks of nature is an experience, he never deceives.

Those who studying science are not drawn to nature, and to the authors cannot be considered the sons of nature; I would say that they are only her grandchildren. "

Paraphrasing the Great Genius, we want to say that only experimental data can directly confirm or refute the hypothesis extended. Therefore, the practical part of our work is an experiment comparing the values \u200b\u200bof arterial and atmospheric pressure of adolescents within 10 days and further analysis of the data obtained.

We believe that the tasks set and we present and present to your attention the private conclusions for each of the tasks set, as well as a general conclusion that appropriate to the goal of the work:

General conclusion:

the dependence between the value of atmospheric pressure and the value of blood pressure in adolescents exists. The essence of this dependence is that atmospheric pressure changes in most cases lead to a change in arterial (systolic) pressure in adolescents.

We reviewed only a small aspect of the overall problem of the influence of atmospheric phenomena on human health. In the process of research work, we received a lot of useful information, and understood, the problem itself is much wider than the specific topic of our research. If we have such an opportunity, we will definitely continue to study this issue and later consider other aspects of the influence of atmospheric phenomena on human health in general and adolescents in particular.

List of literature and Internet resources:

Kuznetsov B.G. Paths of physical thought. - M.: Science, 1968, 350 pp.

Pyryshkin A.V. Physics 7. - M.: Drop, 2008, 193 pp.

Pryrickin A. B., Physics 7. - M: Drof, 2014, 224 pp.

Ryzhkov A. P. Physics, man, environment. - M.: Enlightenment, 2001, 35 pp.

Simanov Yu. G.Live barometers. - M.: Banner, 1986, 128 pp.

Schoolchild Encyclopedia: 4000 fascinating fact. - M.: Mahar, 2003, 350 pp.

http // ru.wikipedia.org.

http / www.d-med.org.

In international publications, use the new unit, the name "bar" corresponds to the pressure of 1,000,000 din per 1 cm 2 or, as easily can be calculated, the pressure of the atmosphere supporting the mercury post in the barometer height in 750.1 mm. One thousand bar is called Millibar. In practice, the last value is most often used.

Thus, the normal pressure of 760 mm will be 1013.2 millibar, etc. To transfer to millibars a numerical pressure value, expressed in millimeters, should be multiplied by 4/3 (approximately).

Determination of pressure on the mercury barometer requires known skills and precautions. To correctly count on the barometer, you need to make a correction to the temperature of mercury and scale, as well as to change gravity with breadth. For the introduction of the first amendments, the barometers are supplied with small thermometers placed in the rim of the instrument.

The barometer is shown on the height on which the level of the opened end of the barometer was located at the time

Typically, the counts of all barometers for the weather service lead to the sea level. To do this, add an air column weight located between the barometer level and the sea level should be added to the resulting sample. Approximately this correction is taken, based on the fact that the barometric pressure drops by 1 mM when the level is raised for every 11 m.

In addition to mercury, in practice, metal barometers are often used or, as they are different, and the aneroids, which means - nice. The principle of their device is as follows: the metal box, with corrugated bases, are sealed so that the gas inside it is completely unauthorized. Such a box will change its volume, squeezing with an increase in the outdoor pressure and expanding when it decreases. If there is gas in such a box in a sufficiently large quantity, the change in its volume will occur and when the temperature changes.

Many scientists were engaged in the work on the study of atmospheric pressure, including legal translations. Optimal quality and accessible legal transfer is available at Transvertum Translation Bureau.

When the temperature and expansion of the gas increases, the box will expand at the same pressure and, on the contrary, when the temperature decreases, it will shrink. In order to avoid this gas from the barometric box almost completely reappears. To counteract the pressure of the air, inside or outside the box attach a special spring. This spring stretches the box.

However, the effect of temperature affects the spring, changing its elasticity. With increasing temperature, the elasticity of the spring decreases and at one and the same atmospheric pressure is squeezed to a greater extent than at a lower temperature. Therefore, inside the box you need to leave some gas. Then gas with a rise in temperature seeks to expand the box. In this case, the reduction in the elasticity of the spring is compensated by an increase in the volume of air inside the box.

It goes without saying that to achieve it is possible to fully compensate it is necessary to strictly calculate how much gas remains inside.

However, this method gives sufficient compensation only in the known temperatures and pressure limits. Such compensation is quite sufficient for meteorological purposes, when aneroids are usually located in closed rooms, and the pressure at the surface of the Earth varies slightly.

In the metal aneroid, the arrow not only indicates the existing pressure, but also writes sequential pressure values \u200b\u200bfor different time intervals. Such a device is called barograph.

The end of the aneroid pointer is supplied with a special pen. It is poured by glycerin not dry ink. The pen writes the position of the pointer at each individual moment on the tape, which is put on the drum. The drum rotates inside the watch mechanism, with a daily or weekly turnover. Both aneroid and barograph should be compared with a mercury barometer. Details about these devices can be found in special guidelines for practical meteorology.

If you have found a mistake, please select the text fragment and click Ctrl + Enter..

Testing includes 18 tasks. Performance of work in physics is given 1 hour and 30 minutes (90 minutes).

Read the list of concepts you encountered in the course of physics.

Flight of the aircraft, amp, ice melting, Newton, electromagnetic wave, Farad.

Divide these concepts into two groups of your chosen feature. Record the name of each group and the concepts included in this group in the table.

Choose two correct statements about physical quantities or concepts. Circuit their numbers.

1. In the elevator moving down is equal to the rest of the rest of the rest, it is worth a box. The weight module of the box is equal to the module of gravity.

2. Acceleration is a physical value that determines the speed of changing the body of the body.

3. Slip friction force depends on the area of \u200b\u200bcontact of the bar and surface.

4. The law of global gravity is valid only for material points.

5. The binding energy of the nucleus is determined by the value of the work that needs to be made to split the kernel into the components of its nucleons without giving them kinetic energy.

Show the answer

The racket begins to strike the tennis ball. Under the action of what force is the racket begged?

Show the answer

The power of elasticity

Read the text and paste the missed words:

decreases

increases

does not change

Words in response can be repeated.

The rocket starts from the ground and, accelerating, rises to a small height above the ground surface. During the flight, the kinetic energy of the rocket __________. At the same time, the potential energy of the rocket __________. It can be concluded that at the start of the rocket, its complete mechanical energy __________.

Show the answer

increases increases increases

The air in a hermetic vessel was placed in the vessel with water and began to increase the volume. How will the air mass, temperature and pressure in the vessel change? For each value, determine the nature of the change and put the sign "V" in the desired cell of the table.

Show the answer

The associated system of elementary particles contains 8 electrons, 8 neutrons and 8 protons. Using a fragment of a periodic system of elements D.I. Mendeleev, define an ion or a neutral atom of which element is this system?

Show the answer

Oxygen atom

Figures show the radiation spectra of atomic vapor hydrogen (1), helium (2), sodium (3), a mixture of substance (4). Does the substance contain hydrogen in the mixture, helium, sodium? Reply explain the answer.

Show the answer

hydrogen (1), helium (2), sodium (3) is contained in a mixture of substance

How much time will be required to the heater, the resistance of which is 10 ohms to produce 250 kJ heat, if the electric current flows 10 e through it?

Write down the formula and make calculations.

Show the answer

Possible answer

The formula of the Joule law is correctly recorded - Lenza Q \u003d I 2 RT and the formula was obtained to calculate the time T \u003d Q / (I 2 R) \u003d 250,000 J / (10 2 A 2 * 10 Ohm) \u003d 250 s.

Place the types of electromagnetic waves in the order of increasing their frequency. Record in response the corresponding sequence of numbers.

1) ɣ-radiation

2) radio wave

3) thermal radiation

Answer: _____ → _____ → _____

Show the answer

Using the voltmeter, the electrical voltage was measured. The voltmeter scale is proceded in B, the error of the voltage measurement is equal to 0.5 pricing of the voltmeter scale. Record in response to the testimony of the voltmeter in in taking into account the error of measurements.

Show the answer

The student investigated the dependence of the length of the spring L on the mass of goods lying in a cup of spring scales. What is the significance of the coefficient of the spring of the spring, with regard to measurement errors (\\ BigTRIANGLEUP M \u003d ± 1G \\ BIGTRIANGLEUP L \u003d ± 0.2 cm)?

Write down in response to the testimony of the barometer in the KPA, taking into account the measurement errors.

Show the answer

You need to investigate how the refractive index of the light from the substance in which the phenomenon of the refraction of light is observed. There is the following equipment:

Paper;

Laser pointer;

Semicircular plates made of glass, polystyrene and rock crystal;

Protractor.

In response:

1. Describe the experimental installation.

2. Describe the procedure for the study.

Show the answer

1. The installation depicted in the figure is used. The angle of falling and the refractive angle is measured using the transport.

2. Two or three experiences are conducted in which the beam of laser pointer is sent to the plates from different materials (glass, polystyrene, rhinestone). The angle of falling the beam on the flat plate of the plate is left unchanged, and the refractive angle is measured.

3. According to the formula \\ FRAC (SIN \\ ALPHA) (COS \\ BETA) \u003d N, refractive indices are compared.

Set the correspondence between examples and physical phenomena, which are illustrated with these examples. For each example of manifestation of physical phenomena from the first column, select the corresponding name of the physical phenomenon from the second column.

A) the skier, which risen from the slide on the horizontal site stops.

B) A fast-lived car cannot immediately stop.

Physical phenomena

1) With a slide of one body on the surface of another there is a sliding friction force.

2) inertia tel.

3) By frosting about each other, two bodies occur their electrification.

4) The strength of gravity is always directed towards the center of the Earth.

Show the answer

Read the text and perform tasks 14 and 15.

Electrical Air Heater

Electric air heaters are four major types: electrical convectors, infrared heaters, oil heaters and fan heaters.

We will only talk about one of them - about the electric convector. The convector is equipped with an electric heating element. If you specifically warm up the air from the bottom, then it becomes warm and moves upstairs. A portion of cold air comes to his place, which also heats up and rises up. This phenomenon is called convection. Its essence lies in the continuous movement of the air masses due to uneven heating of different layers. Air density depends on temperature: the warmer air, the more easier. And according to the Act of Archimedes, all less dense bodies in liquid or gas float upstairs. Therefore, warm air is always under the ceiling, and cold - above the floor. And this happens until all the air in the room becomes approximately the same temperature.

It is possible to establish the desired air temperature in the room using a thermostat handle by setting it to a position corresponding to a specific temperature.

What happens next? To be heated, the electrical circuit of the convector must be closed. The thermostat should erode it if the air temperature has become too high. But when the air temperature decreases, it must automatically close it again so that the air continues to heat up. To do this, the thermostat is equipped with a moving element. Turning the handle, we change the angle of inclination of this element.

The convector temperature sensor has a plate made of material with a high coefficient of temperature expansion. The stronger the plate heats up, the stronger it bends. While the air is cold, the plate is in contact with the movable element of the thermostat. The plate changes its position depending on the degree of air heating. The hotter, the stronger it deviates. And it will be rejected until the chain disarms. And this will happen faster if you install a lower temperature.

With open circuit, heating does not go, so the air is cooled. The plate on the thermal sensor is also cooled and returned to its original position - to the element of the thermostat, the angle of the inclination of which the user is specified. The chain is closed again, and the air heats up.

What physical phenomenon is the basis of an electrical convector action?

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Phenomenon of warm convection

Choose two true statements from the proposed list and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

Atmospheric pressure is considered normal within the indicators of 750-760 mm Hg. (millimeters of mercury pillar). During the year, it varies within 30 mm Hg. Art., and during the day - within 1-3 mm Hg. Art. A sharp change in atmospheric pressure often causes degradation of well-being in meteo-dependent, and sometimes healthy people.

If the weather is changing, patients with hypertension feel bad. Consider how the atmospheric pressure on hypertensive and meteo-dependent people affects.

Healthy people do not feel any weather changes. Weather-dependent symptoms appear:

Dizziness;
Drowsiness;
Apathy, lethargy;
Articular pain;
Anxiety, fear;
Disorders of the GTS function;
Vibrations of blood pressure.

Often, well-being is worsening in the fall, when the exacerbation of colds, chronic diseases is observed. In the absence of any pathologies, meteo-sensitivity is manifested by ailment.

Unlike healthy, meteo-dependent people react not only to atmospheric pressure fluctuations, but also to increase humidity, sudden cooling or warming. The reason for this is often:

Low physical activity;
The presence of diseases;
Fall of immunity;
Deterioration of the CNS state;
Weak blood vessels;
Age;
Ecological situation;
Climate.

As a result, the body's ability deteriorates to quickly adapt to changes in weather conditions.

If the atmospheric pressure is elevated (above 760 mm Hg. Art.), The wind and the precipitate are absent, they say the occurrence of anticyclone. During this period there are no sharp drops of temperature. The amount of harmful impurities increases in the air.

Anticyclone negatively acts on hypertensive. An increase in atmospheric pressure leads to an increase in blood pressure. The performance is reduced, pulsation and pain in the head, heart pain appear. Other symptoms of the negative effect of anticyclone:

Heartbearance;
Weakness;
Noise in ears;
Facial redness;
Flashing "Flies" before your eyes.

Elderly are especially exposed to anticyclone with chronic cardiovascular diseases. With an increase in atmospheric pressure, the probability of complication of hypertension - a crisis is increasing, especially if the blood pressure increases to the indicators of 220/120 mm RT. Art. Other hazardous complications are possible (embolism, thrombosis, coma).

Poorly affects patients with hypertension and reduced atmospheric pressure - cyclone. It is characterized by cloudy weather, precipitation, high humidity. Air pressure drops below 750 mm Hg. Art. The cyclone has the following effect on the body: breathing is more frequent, pulse is studied, however, the power of cardiac beats is reduced. Some people appear shortness of breath.

At low air pressure drops and hell. Taking into account the fact that hypertensive is taking drugs to reduce pressure, cyclone poorly affects well-being. Symptoms appear:

Dizziness;
Drowsiness;
Headache;
Prostration.

With an increase in atmospheric pressure with hypertension and meteo-dependent people, active physical exertion should be avoided. We must rest more. A low-calorie diet containing an increased amount of fruit is recommended.

If the anticyclone is accompanied by heat, it is also necessary to exclude physical exertion. If it is possible, it is necessary to be indoors with air conditioning. There will be a relevant low-calorie diet. Increase in the diet the number of products rich in potassium.

To put blood pressure in the norm with a reduced atmospheric, doctors recommend to increase the volume of the fluid consumed. Drink water, infusions of medicinal herbs. It is necessary to reduce physical exertion, more rest.

Well helps strong sleep. In the morning you can allow a cup of beverage containing caffeine. During the day, it is necessary to measure pressure several times.

A lot of health problems can deliver hypertensive and change air temperature. During the anticyclone, combined with heat, significantly increases the risk of hemorrhages in the brain, heart lesions.

Due to the high temperature and high humidity, the oxygen content in the air decreases. Especially poorly, such weather affects the elderly.

However, in some cases, such weather conditions are the cause of blood thickening. This strengthens the risk of blood clots and the development of heart attacks, strokes.

The well-being of hypertensive will deteriorate if the atmospheric pressure is increased simultaneously with a sharp decrease in ambient temperature. With high humidity, hypothermia is developing strong wind (supercooling). The excitation of the sympathetic unit of the nervous system causes a decrease in heat transfer and the gain of heat-product.

The reduction in heat transfer is caused by a decrease in body temperature due to vessel spasms. The process helps to increase the thermal resistance of the body. To protect against the supercooling of the limbs, the skin of the face is narrowed by the vessels that are in these parts of the body.

If the cooling of the body is very sharp, a resistant vascular spasm is developing. This may cause an increase in blood pressure. In addition, the sharp cooling changes the composition of the blood, in particular, the number of protective proteins is reduced.

As is well known, the higher the sea level, the less air density and lower atmospheric pressure. At an altitude of 5 km, it decreases in about 2 p. The influence of air pressure on a human adherence is high above sea level (for example, in the mountains), manifests itself with such signs:

Breathing;
Acceleration of heart rate;
Headache;
Charging attack;
Nose bleeding.

The negative impact of reduced air pressure is oxygen fasting, when the organism gets less oxygen. In the future, adaptation takes place, and well-being becomes normal.

A person who constantly lives in such a locality does not feel the impact of low atmospheric pressure. It should be known that hypertensive when approaching the height (for example, when flights) can change the blood pressure dramatically, which threatens the loss of consciousness.

Under the ground and water, air pressure is increased. Its effect on blood pressure is directly proportional to the distance to which it is necessary to go down.

The following symptoms appear: breathing is made deep and rare, the heart rate decreases, but negligible. Slightly slightly skin, mucous becomes dry.

Much more severe symptoms are developing due to a sharp drop: increasing (compression) and reduction (decompression). In the conditions of increased pressure of the atmosphere, mines, divers work.

They descend and rise under the ground (under water) through gateways, where pressure rises / decreases gradually. With an increased atmospheric pressure in the blood, the gases contained in the air dissolve. This process is called "Saturation". When decompression, they come out of the blood (desaturation).

If a person falls into a greater depth of earth or under water in violation of the selence mode, the body is abolished by nitrogen. A caisson disease will be developed, in which gas bubbles penetrate the vessels, causing multiple embolism.

The first symptoms of disease pathology are muscular, articular pains. In severe cases, drumpipes are shoved, the head is spinning, the labyrinth nastagm develops. Caisson disease sometimes ends with a fatal outcome.

Meteopathy is a negative reaction of the body to weather changes. Symptoms vary from easy malaise to heavy violations of myocardial work, which can cause irreversible lesions of tissues.

The intensity and duration of manifestations of meteopathy depends on age, complex, the presence of chronic diseases. Some malaise continues to 7 days. According to medical statistics, meteopathy has 70% of people with chronic ailments and in 20% healthy.

The second degree is called meteo-dependence, it is accompanied by changes in hell and heart rate. Weatheropathy is the most severe third degree.

With hypertension, combined with meteo-dependence, the cause of the deterioration of well-being can be not only fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, but also other changes in the environment. Such patients should be paid attention to weather conditions and forecasts of weather forecasters. This will allow you to take measures recommended by the doctor.

Every year more and more cases of angina are recorded. This disease used to affect only the elderly, but now even young people are not protected from severe state. How does the disease manifest? Is it possible to treat angina at home? What extra help to have a patient?

If it seems that heart diseases made a conspiracy against you, it is necessary to begin to be treated urgently. Stenzardia without adequate therapy will gradually lead to myocardial infarction.

Stenokard attack is associated with ischemic heart disease, while the coronary blood circulation deteriorates. When atherosclerotic changes are minor, angina attacks rarely or do not occur at all. As Izchemia progressing, angina and angina are read. The attacks last longer and appear brighter.

Stenzardia is able to cause physical overwork, and emotional shock. With pronounced ischemia, the symptoms of the disease can disturb the person and at rest.

Important! Treatment of angina people by folk remedies is possible only at the initial stages of the disease. With severe forms of the course of illness, folk treatments are performed only a supporting role.

The sharp symptoms of angina occur during certain situations:

jogging;
sharp change of temperature or atmospheric pressure;
stress;
weight lift;
overeating;
walking on the stairs.

Some attacks of angina are manifested after the transferred operation. Breast toad is another name of the angina. Depending on the circumstances and condition of the patient, the attacks can develop rarely, up to once a week and less often. When the disease is launched, the symptoms of the chest toad are manifested up to several times a day, even at night, at the time of sleep.

The manifestation of acute symptoms in the form of pain informs a person about the insufficient supply of oxygen muscles of myocardium. So, you need to break this conspiracy and support your heart.

Before treating the state of the angina, it is important to be able to determine it. Most often to remove sharp symptoms in traditional ways.

Important! Stenokard attack begins with a strong compressing pain, focused in the chest or behind it. Pain presses, creates a sense of lack of air and fear. Feelings can spread to the left hand, clavicle, neck and stomach.

The duration of the attack of angina can be different. It all depends on how the first aid is provided, and at what stage of the disease is a person. Some noted that pain during angina persecuted over a few minutes. In other cases, the symptoms continued until half an hour and more.

In addition to pain, such symptoms of angina peep appear:

stands up abundant sweat;
skin cover on the face pale;
a feeling of burning and squeezing for the sternum appears.

Painted sensations with a angina attack are given in different zones. An unpleasant feeling appear in the teeth, jaws and in hand. But first of all, pathology affects the heart muscle.

Doctors are divided into several types of angina. Allocate:

stable;
unstable;
variant angina.

With a stable angina, the intensity of symptoms increases depending on the severity of ischemic heart disease. The attacks occur with certain frequency.

With an unstable angina, there is a sudden burden of state, akin to preinfarctic state. In such cases, emergency medical care and treatment in stationary conditions are always required.

Optional angina is the most difficult to treat and often have an unfavorable forecast. The attacks last longer, there are sharply and no apparent reason. In this regard, the risk of myocardial infarction increases.

Folk remedies are effective in angina, but not at the moment of acute attack. It is important here to quickly have a good help, because it can cost him life.

First of all, it is necessary to put a patient in bed and help him take the position of half-sidew. Any physical exertion should immediately stop. Put the nitroglycerin and validol tablet under the tongue. After five minutes, the reception of nitroglycerin should be repeated.

The patient should be in a cool and ventilated room. If there is clothes, tightening neck or chest, it should be loosen or removed.

If simple methods do not stop pain, hospitalization is needed. All cases of angina must be controlled by doctors.

It is undesirable to treat angina at home, because you can not respond on time to deterioration. The risk of heart attack is very large, and this can not be allowed. Stenzardia and traditional medicine are compatible only in the absence of sharp states. Combining treatment methods, you can break the conspiracy of the disease and keep health!

Folk remedies for the effective treatment of angina are applied only at the initial stages of the disease. If the disease is launched, it is necessary to apply the methods of both traditional and traditional medicine.

In order for the treatment of chest toads by people's ways to successfully, it is necessary to take into account some rules:

before applying a new tool, it is better to advise with the attending physician;
it is important to make sure that the popular recipe does not contain anything that can cause an allergic reaction;
always strictly observe the dosage, otherwise the disease does not cure, and problems will be added;
it is worth carefully examining the tool that is planned to be applied, because many of them increase blood pressure.

Whatever enthusiastic reviews of healed, it is worth preserving prudence and adequately assess the ability of the body. It is not necessary to agree on the use of dubious drugs for heart health, if there is no logical explanation for the principle of their work.

It is not necessary to hope that the treatment of angina peoples, even the most effective, will bring a lightning effect. It is important to configure that a lot of time will pass while the conspiracy of heart disease will go to the past.

In order not to harm your body, it is important to clearly understand when and what medicinal formulations apply. All of them are conventionally divided into several categories.

One of the groups of plant components affects the production of cholesterol in the liver. These include such funds:

chamomile;
garlic;
burdock;
raspberries;
alder;
aralia;
sea \u200b\u200bbuckthorn;
dandelion.

Other plants, hitting the body, prevent the penetration of harmful cholesterol into the bloodstream and increasing on the walls of the vessels. Herbs are used:

lemongrass;
plantain;
lingonberry;
damnie;
ginseng;
eleutherococcus;
hawthorn;
repel.

It is noteworthy that among herbs there are those that have a diluting effect on blood. Natural anticoagulants are indispensable in many diseases of the cardiovascular system. Among them you can select the following:

calendula;
raspberries;
formon;
meadow clover;
strawberry;
horse chestnut;
hawthorn;
sick.

melissa;
hop;
field Horsetail;
licorice;
motherwort.

Phytotherapy under the angina gently removes the symptoms, helps to slow down the progression of the disease, improves the body as a whole. It is important to strictly observe the dosage and use drugs regularly.

There are many medicinal plants from chest toad. The benefits of properly prepared and regularly taken are undeniable high.

This composition can be taken at angina:

3.5 tbsp. l. hawthorn;
3.5 tbsp. l. Rosehip;
2 liters of boiling water.

The composition is insisted during the day. Then berries are removed, and infusion drinks on a glass several times a day instead of black tea.

Most people know the effect of a dying tincture on a heart muscle. Without a smaller effect, you can get, squeezing juice from fresh grass. About 40 drops of funds should be breeding in a spoonful of pure water and take to meals.

Some people combine pharmacy funds by using their effective drug. A mixture of such tinctures acts perfectly on angina:

hawthorn;
mistletoe;
valerians.

Preparations are mixed in equal in volume and accepted 15-30 drops depending on the stage of the disease three times a day.

Some use a means capable of replacing nitroglycerin tablet in an emergency situation. They recommend swallowing the whole cleaned clove of garlic. This method shows how to treat angina and in a critical situation without the use of chemical medicines.

The next tool will help not only withdraw the attack of the angina, but also break the conspiracy of the ischemic heart disease. For the preparation of the drug, 200 ml of olive oil and wheat vodka will be required. Components are mixed. The drug make up 50 ml three times a day. To achieve maximum effect, a long course is required. It usually is 1.5 months.

With pain in the heart area effectively apply fir oil. It can be added to the aroma, rub into the sternum area several times a day.

If the test confirmed the angina, it is important to do treatment. Therapy for nonsense implies the use of soda and hydrogen peroxide. This technique contributes to the discharge of blood, reduces the risk of thrombus development and protects against infarction.

Soda and peroxide can only drink strictly in accordance with the scheme, on an empty stomach. If you exceed dosages, you can seriously harm the human body! The soda is dissolved in very warm water, but not in hot, so as not to get the burns of the esophagus. The peroxide initially takes up, then the dosage is gradually increased.

The duration of the treatment on bodies and the imperious person determines the person itself, based on his own well-being. Before starting such treatment, consult with the attending physician.

More information about this disease can be found by looking at the video:

The gas shell surrounding the Earth presses on its surface and everything that is located on it with a certain force called atmospheric pressure. The optimal value in which a person feels most comfortable is 760 mm Hg. pillar. Deviations by 10 mm in one direction or the other can affect well-being. And if healthy people do not react to changes in atmospheric pressure, then people with diseases are distinguished by increased meteorological sensitivity. Especially negatively, weather drops affect the vessels and blood circulation system.

Atmospheric pressure varies quite in wide ranges. It depends on the height of the area above sea level, so for each territory there will be its average value. The higher, the air is more damaged, and therefore the pressure is lower. With an increase of 10 m, it decreases by 1 mm RT. pillar.

Air pressure depends on temperatures. This means that it is zone. As you know, the surface of the earth is heated unevenly. On the planet, there is a belt with a predominance of high and low pressure. Where the surface is strongly heated, for example, by the equator, the air rises and the area of \u200b\u200blow pressure is formed, called cyclone. In cold latitudes, the air is heavier and lowered down. Here are formulated areas of high pressure, or anticyclones.

It is not the same at different times of the day. In the morning and in the evening it rises, in the afternoon and after midnight decreases.

In the summer, when the air is the warmest, it reaches minimal values. In the cold season, when the air is cold and heavy, it reaches a maximum.

The human body is designed so that he gets used to different conditions. If stable weather has been established, whatever it is, he, as a rule, feels fine. Problems arise when cyclone and anticyclone replace each other, and especially if this happens often. At this time, the body needs to be adjusted under the new conditions.

Usually, with low pressure, cloudy, high humidity, precipitation, elevated temperature is observed. The oxygen content in the air decreases, carbon dioxide rises. Such weather has a negative impact mainly on people with low arterial pressure. Due to oxygen starvation in hypotonists, the following signs of malaise are observed:

the rate of blood flow slows down;
the blood flow to organs and tissues deteriorates;
blood pressure decreases;
pulse weakens;
it becomes difficult to breathe;
dizziness, nausea, drowsiness, decay of forces appear;
because of the increase in intracranial pressure, spasmodic headaches arise;
increases the frequency of heart cuts, breathing is expensive.

When atmospheric pressure decreases, hypotonic crisis and coma.

get enough sleep;
take a contrast shower;
drink more liquid;
harden
in the morning drinking a cup of coffee or strong tea;
take a tincture of ginseng.

With the domination of the anticyclone, dry and windless weather is installed, in the air, especially in large cities, harmful impurities accumulate, the gas gas supply increases. At this time, the well-being of hypertensive worsen. With the increase in air pressure, the following symptoms are observed with elevated blood pressure:

blood pressure rises;
heartbeat is readier;
the patient complains of general weakness;
blushing face;
headaches appear and noise in the ears;
there are flies in front of the eyes;
the head felt the ripple.

High risk of hypertensive crisis, especially if hell reaches 220/120 mm Hg. pillar. In addition, other disorders in the work of the heart and vessels (coma, thrombosis, embolism) are possible.

With anticyclone and hot weather, the risk of heart attacks and strokes is high. At this time, you need to avoid large physical exertion, more rest, take a contrasting souls, go to a low-calorie diet with predominant use of fruits, drink more water, to be in cool premises.

It is important to remember that a person with hypertension when lifting the height (flights, rises in the mountains) hell can change dramatically, and he will lose consciousness.

Meteorological dependence is characteristic of people with pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, as well as for the elderly, which are just suffering from many chronic diseases, including hypertension. They are very sensitive to weather changes, they are especially negatively affected by racing atmospheric pressure. It is believed that these changes of hypertensive and hypotoniki feel the first.

What will happen if you enter the air

Atmospheric pressure is one of the most important climatic characteristics affecting both human. It contributes to the formation of cyclones and anticyclones, provokes the development of cardiovascular diseases in humans. Evidence that air has weight, was obtained in the 17th century, since then the process of studying its oscillations is one of the central for weather forecasters.

The word "atmosphere" has a Greek origin, it is literally translated as "couples" and "ball". This is a gas shell around the planet, which rotates with it and forms a single whole cosmic body. It extends from the earth's crust, penetrating into the hydrosphere, and ends with an exosphere, gradually flowing into the interplanetary space.

The atmosphere of the planet is the most important element, providing the possibility of life on Earth. It contains the necessary oxygen, the weather indicators depend on it. The boundaries of the atmosphere are very conditional. It is believed that they start at a distance of about 1000 kilometers from the surface of the Earth and then at a distance of another 300 kilometers smoothly go into the interplanetary space. According to theories that NASA adheres to, this gas shell ends at an altitude of about 100 kilometers.

It arose as a result of eruption of volcanoes and evaporation of substances in cosmic bodies that have fallen on the planet. Today it consists of nitrogen, oxygen, argon and other gases.

Up to the 17th century, humanity did not think about whether air had a lot. There were no ideas about what atmospheric pressure. However, when Duke Tuscan decided to equip the famous Florentine Gardens of fountains, his project fell with a crash. The height of the water column did not exceed 10 meters, which contradicted all ideas about the patterns of nature at the time. It is here that the history of the opening of atmospheric pressure is taken.

The study of this phenomenon was engaged in a student of Galileo, an Italian physicist and the mathematics of Evangelist Torrichelli. With the help of experiments on a more severe element, mercury, a few years later, he managed to prove weight weight by air. He first created a vacuum in the laboratory and developed the first barometer. Torricelli represented a glass tube filled with mercury, in which under the influence of pressure there was such a number of substance that would equalize the pressure of the atmosphere. For mercury, the pillar's height was 760 mm. For water - 10.3 meters, this is exactly the height that fountains in the Gardens of Florence rose. It was he who discovered for humanity, what is atmospheric pressure and how it affects human life. In the tube it was called in his honor "Torricelli Empty".

One of the key tools of meteorology is the study of movement and movement of air masses. Due to this, you can get an idea of \u200b\u200bwhether atmospheric pressure is created. After it has been proven that the air has weight, it became clear that on it, like on any other body on the planet, the force of attraction acts. This is precisely the occurrence of pressure when the atmosphere is under the influence of gravity. Atmospheric pressure may vary due to air differences in different areas.

Where the air becomes more, it is higher. In the rarefied space there is a decrease in atmospheric pressure. The reason for the change lies at its temperature. It is heated not from the rays of the sun, but from the surface of the earth. Heating, the air becomes easier and rises up, while cooled air masses are lowered down, creating a constant, continuous motion. Each of these threads has a different atmospheric pressure, which provokes winds on the surface of our planet.

Atmospheric pressure is one of the key terms in meteorology. Weather on Earth is formed due to the effects of cyclones and anticyclones, which are formed under the influence of pressure drops in the gas shell of the planet. The anticyclones are characterized by high indicators (up to 800 mm mercury and higher) and low speed, while cyclones are areas with lower indicators and high speed. Tornadoes, hurricanes, tornadoes are also formed due to sharp drops of atmospheric pressure - it falls inside the tornado, reaching a 560 mm mercury pillar.

Air movement leads to changing weather conditions. The winds arising between areas with different levels of pressure are distilled by cyclones and anticyclones, as a result of which atmospheric pressure is created that form certain weather conditions. These movements are rarely systematic, and they are very difficult to predict. In zones where elevated and low atmospheric pressure face, climatic conditions change.

The average indicator in ideal conditions is considered to be the level of 760 mm mercury pillar. The pressure level varies with a height: on the lowlands or territories below the level of the sea, the pressure will be higher, at an altitude, where the air is rare, on the contrary, its indicators are reduced by 1 mm mercury pillars with each kilometer.

It decreases with increasing height due to removal from the surface of the Earth. In the first case, this process is due to a decrease in the impact of gravitational forces.

Heated from the ground, the gases, of which the air are expanding, their mass becomes easier, and they rise into higher movement occurs until the neighboring air masses are less dense, then the air applies to parties, and the pressure is aligned.

Traditional territories with lower atmospheric pressure are treated tropics. In the equatorial territories there is always reduced pressure. However, zones with an increased and reduced indicator are unevenly spread over the ground: plots with different levels may be present in one geographic latitude.

The highest level on Earth is observed in the South and North Poles. This is explained by the fact that the air above the cold surface becomes cold and dense, its mass increases, therefore, it attracts it stronger to the surface of gravity. It is lowered, and the space above it is filled with warmer air masses, as a result of which atmospheric pressure with an elevated level is created.

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Normal indicators characteristic of a person's accommodation should not have any impact on his well-being. At the same time, atmospheric pressure and life on earth are inextricably linked. Its change - an increase or decrease - can provoke the development of cardiovascular diseases in people with increased arterial pressure. A person may experience pain in the heart of the heart, attacks of anonymous headaches, reduced performance.

For people suffering from diseases of the respiratory tract, anticyclones bringing increased pressure can be dangerous. Air lowers and becomes more dense, the concentration of harmful substances increases.

During the vibrations of atmospheric pressure, people decrease immunity, the level of leukocytes in the blood, so it is not recommended to load the body physically or intellectually on such days.