SMOLENSKAYA ZOSIMOV DESERT, male, in the Aleksandrovsky district of the Vladimir region. It is located 25 kilometers northeast of Sergiev Posad on a picturesque hill near the Molokhcha River, in a place called Ulyanova Wasteland. Founded... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

    Bishop of Vladimir, in Alexandrovsky district. Restored in 1896 by the care of the governor of the Sergius Lavra, archim. Paul, after two centuries of desolation, in the place of the exploits and posthumous rest of the revered elder, schemamonk Zosima, who labored here in the XVII century and ... ... Russian history

    Smolenskaya Zosimova desert monastery in the Vladimir region. Zosima Hermitage was founded by the schemamonk Zosima, a native of the Trinity Sergius Monastery, who managed to gather several brethren around him. However, after the death of the elder, a large ... Wikipedia

    Zosimova Hermitage: Monasteries Smolensk Zosimova Hermitage, Vladimir Region administrative District Moscow Other Zosimova Pustyn railway platform of the Kyiv direction of the Moscow Railway in Moscow ... ... Wikipedia

    Smolenskaya Zosimova- male desert, located in the Vladimir province., in the 19th century. from mountains. Alexandrov, founded in the 17th century. Abolished in 1722, restored in 1728; again abolished and ruined in 1764, in 1869 again restored. Temples 3,… … Complete Orthodox Theological Encyclopedic Dictionary

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Svyato-Smolenskaya Zosima Hermitage is a male monastery in the Aleksandrovsky district, founded in the 1680s by schemamonk Zosima. Little is known about Elder Zosima. Probably, he was of humble origin, from the Smolensk province, as evidenced by the existence in the monastery of the icon of Our Lady of Smolensk, which, according to legend, belonged to Zosima himself. He reached spiritual maturity in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, after which he retired to the Ulyanin wasteland (in the territory of the current Aleksandrovsky district), uniting several monks around him. Gradually, numerous pilgrims began to flock to Zosima for advice and blessings. According to legend, the beloved sister of Peter I, Tsarevna Natalya Alekseevna (1673-1716), often visited the elder, with whose donations a chapel was built over the grave of Zosima. In 1730-1740. here, according to legend, the future Russian empress Elizaveta Petrovna, who was in unspoken exile in the nearby city of Aleksandrov, in Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda. After the death of the elder Zosima, the hermitage experienced periods of prosperity and decline, even desolation in the 1820s, when the chapel was broken, and the brethren left the monastery.

Ulyanin wasteland passed into the possession of one owner to another. There was a legend that accidents occurred at the burial site of the elder Zosima - fires, sudden death of people, etc. In 1848, a wooden chapel was rebuilt, and in 1851 a black marble slab was laid on the grave of the elder. The surrounding population began to associate this place with the miraculous healing of the sick and revered it as a shrine. In 1866, the Zosimova Pustyn was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. In the late 1880s, a stone chapel was built over the burial place of the elder Zosima.

The heyday of the desert was associated with the activities of the abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Archimandrite Pavel in the 1890s and Hieromonk Herman, who was appointed rector and builder of the desert (he managed the monastery in 1897-1923). The refectory with the church of Sergius of Radonezh and the cathedral were built of red brick in the then fashionable Russian style. Smolensk icon Mother of God at the burial place of the founder of the desert - the elder Zosima. Deserts surrounded brick wall with four corner towers. Along the western wall are the rector's chambers, along the northern wall - the fraternal buildings. In the middle between them were the Holy Gates, over which the Church of All Saints was built, in the eclectic style, with side towers, more like a castle.

Above east wall a high bell tower with a tower clock, built according to the project of A.A. Latkov, who from the end of the XIX century. was the architect of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Probably, Latkov also designed the rest of the buildings of the Smolensk Zosima Desert. The construction took more than ten years. At the beginning of the XX century. above the well, dug, according to legend, by the elder Zosima, a stone chapel was erected, which became the decoration of the monastery.

The Smolensk Zosimova Hermitage at that time became widely known as an outstanding center of confession and eldership. The deserts were often visited by members of the Moscow Religious and Philosophical Circle, headed by the Russian publicist, spiritual writer M.A. Novoselov, who tried to introduce his friends and like-minded people to the Zosima Hermitage, including P.A. Florensky, S.N. Bulgakov, N.A. Berdyaev.

In 1920, the Smolensk Zosimov desert was turned into an agricultural artel. In 1923, after the death of the rector Father Herman, the monastery was finally closed. The life of the famous monastery stopped for almost 70 years. The military unit was located in the former monastery.

The Smolensk Zosimova Hermitage was restored in April 1992, and is currently being actively revived. WITH military unit located on the territory of the monastery, friendly relations have developed near the desert. Soldiers helped to restore temples and other buildings. One platoon was formed from students of Moscow theological schools and Orthodox conscripts from nearby regions. Its soldiers took part in festive divine services, sang in the kliros, and were engaged in icon painting.

After the opening, priests, monks of other monasteries, relatives of the elders of the Zosima Hermitage began to transfer preserved icons, personal belongings of the elders, and other shrines to it. In 1994, Elder Zosima was canonized as a locally venerated saint. Shortly before this, a list of the 17th century was donated to the monastery. icons of the Smolensk Mother of God in a silver frame, according to legend, once belonged to the Monk Zosima.

Shrine of the monastery:

  • relics of the Monk Zosima.

The monastery is located 90 versts from Moscow, 20 versts from the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and 3.5 versts from the Arsaki station of the Yaroslavl railway, on the border of the Moscow and Vladimir regions. Among the marvelous forest nature, on the bank of a small river Molokhcha, a picturesque hill rises. It was in the last quarter of the 17th century that the monk of the Trinity - St. Sergius Lavra, Schemamonk Zosima, came to him, seeking prayer solitude.

The monastery is located 90 versts from Moscow, 20 versts from the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and 3.5 versts from the Arsaki station of the Yaroslavl railway, on the border of the Moscow and Vladimir regions. Among the marvelous forest nature, on the bank of a small river Molokhcha, a picturesque hill rises. It was in the last quarter of the 17th century that the monk of the Trinity - St. Sergius Lavra, Schemamonk Zosima, came to him, seeking prayer solitude. He built here a wooden chapel and a cell and began to lead a silent life. Elder Zosima was famous for his holy life, wisdom and miracles. He undoubtedly possessed a great and rare gift of advice, the so-called eldership. At times, the desert, named after the founder Zosimova, fell into decay and desolation; it happened that it was completely abolished. But every time - through the prayers of the deceased father Zosima - the deserts were restored by pious admirers of the memory of this ascetic. In the second half 19th century the well-known holy fool Filippushka and his son Porfiry (in monasticism - Procopius) took a lively part in the revival of the monastery.

At the same time, a piece of land around the "Holy Hill" was donated to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Through the care of the abbot of the Lavra, Archimandrite Pavel, the builder of the Zosima Hermitage, the monastery began to be renewed. A cathedral was built over the grave of the elder Zosima in the name of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God, and the monastery began to be called the Smolensk Zosima Hermitage. The monastery was surrounded by a brick wall with four corner towers. A refectory with a church in the name of St. Sergius was built next to the cathedral. Along the western wall, a fraternal building grew up, in the wooden part of which were the abbot's chambers. The holy well, dug by the elder Zosima himself, turned out to be behind the western wall near the river.

Brick fraternal buildings were built along the northern wall. In the middle between them was the Holy Gate, directly opposite the road to Arsaki station. Above them was built a church in honor of All Saints. A high bell tower with a clock tower rose above the eastern wall. The construction of the desert lasted more than ten years, outbuildings outside the fence were erected in subsequent years. The monastery had an extensive farm: hayfields, a large vegetable garden, a barnyard, an orchard and an apiary for 200 beehives...

In 1897, the first and, as it turned out, the last rector, Abbot German, was appointed to the desert. famous old man, later shihigumen, doer of the Jesus Prayer, organizer of the Zosima school of eldership. During the 26 years of his abbess, Father Herman taught many people the monastic way. Among the spiritual children of the elder were the holy venerable martyr Grand Duchess Elisaveta Feodorovna; Archimandrite Anthony (Khrapovitsky; + 1936), rector of the Moscow Theological Academy, later Metropolitan; Archimandrite of the Chudov Monastery Arseny (Zhadanovsky; +1937), later Bishop of Serpukhov; Abbess John, the abbess of the Anosina Borisoglebsky Monastery - "the female Optina Hermitage", and many others. IN late XIX At the beginning of the 20th century, Zosimova Pustyn became widely known as an outstanding center of confession and eldership. This is a great merit of Father Herman. (The number of brethren at that time stretched to 100 people).

In the years severe trials for Russian Orthodox Church The Lord sent Russia the famous "comforter", the great elder of the Zosima Hermitage, Hieroschemamonk Alexis, a disciple and companion of Sheikhumen Herman, a great prayer book and connoisseur of the human soul. During these years, the holy martyr Grand Duchess Elisaveta Feodorovna and the sisters of the Marfo-Mariinsky monastery, members of the Imperial House, the highest dignitaries of the state, and hierarchs of the Church received spiritual guidance from Father Alexy. So high was the authority of the elder that it was he who was instructed to draw lots when electing a patriarch; the lot pointed to St. Tikhon.

Thousands of pilgrims from all over vast Russia flocked to Zosimova. Eldership was the magnet that attracted many pilgrims to the deserts. The monastery became one of the spiritual centers of Orthodoxy at that time. The eldership of Zosimova Pustyn became, as it were, Optina in miniature, Optina for the capital, where they could get by railway and then on foot. The influx of pilgrims expanded, they were renewed in spirit, accepting the instructions of the elders of the Zosima Desert, and carried with them into the world its special light - a reflection of the Light of the Never-Evening. Schiegumen Herman predicted that as long as he was alive, his monastery would not be closed. And indeed, the Zosimova Hermitage was closed at the end of September 1923 (sheigumen German ended his earthly journey on January 17/30, 1923). The brutal destruction of the peaceful monastery began. First of all, they expelled all its inhabitants, having previously seized from them silver robes from personal icons and other valuable things. They all parted ways. Many were waiting for exile, bullying, executions ...

At present, through the prayers of the founder of the monastery, Schemamonk Zosima, Elders Herman and Alexy of the Zossimov Hermitage, the hermitage is being revived... In 1992, hegumen Porfiry was appointed rector of the Zosima Hermitage (let us remember the son of Blessed Philippushka!), the brethren began to slowly gather. Then Archimandrite Nil was at the head of the monastery.

At present, the abbot of the monastery is hegumen Peter. On July 13/26, 1994, Saint Zosima was canonized as a locally venerated saint. In 2000, they were canonized: at the All-Church level - the Monk Alexy (Soloviev), hieroschemamonk, the elder of Zosima Hermitage; at the Diocesan level - Rev. Herman (Gomzin), shiigumen, Zosimovsky. A whole galaxy of elders emerged from the walls of the Zosima Hermitage. In 2001 the Monk Martyr Ignatius (Lebedev), Schema-Archimandrite (+ 1938) was canonized. Famous elders of the Zosima Desert: hegumen Platon (Klimov); Archimandrite Isidore (Skachkov); Hieromonk Macarius, cell-attendant of Elder Alexy, was shot in 1930; Hieroschemamonk Innokenty (Oreshkin); chiigumen Mitrofan; Archimandrite Melchizedek; schemamonk Simon (Kozhukhov); Archimandrite Nikita (Kurochkin); Archimandrite Zosima (Nilov) and many others.

In the most terrible years of persecution of the Church, they nourished the faithful, carried the word of Truth and consolation. Further history desert, the history of our Fatherland depends on us.

Svyato-Smolensk Zosimov male hermitage It was founded in the last quarter of the 17th century by Schemamonk Zosima, a native of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, seeking solitude and prayerful achievement. The exact dates of the birth and blessed death of the elder have not been preserved. It is only known that during his lifetime he acquired the great gift of counseling and prayerful boldness to the Lord, which already during his lifetime was revered by the people, to whom both common people and persons went for advice. royal family. Princess Natalia Alekseevna, sister of Peter I, deeply revered the elder. Through her efforts, the chapel grew and adorned in the desert.

After the death of the elder, life in the desert he founded froze, a few brethren scattered or rested. Only the grave of the elder, with a chapel built over it, attracted suffering souls who sought help and consolation.

By the Providence of God, in 1896, the confessor of the Gethsemane Skete, Abbot Herman (Gomzin), was appointed rector to the monastery. With his arrival, the monastery flourishes. A new Smolensk Cathedral is being built, fraternal buildings are being built, an exemplary economy is being set up. But, and this is the main thing, the monastery grows spiritually. Father Herman, a pupil of the Gethsemane Elder Hieroschemamonk Alexander (Strygin), introduces a strict monastic charter into the monastery, long services are performed, with touching “Zosimovsky” singing, divine services. To help Father Herman, God sends another great ascetic to the monastery, Protopresbyter of the Great Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin Feodor Solovyov, who takes monastic vows in the monastery with the name Alexy and becomes the confessor of the Desert. Both elders work tirelessly to save the souls of the brethren and numerous pilgrims who seek the advice of the elders. Grand Duchess Elizabeth came to the desert many times, helping in every possible way in various needs of the monastery. In those days, Zosimova Hermitage gained fame among the Orthodox as the spiritual center of Russia, she was affectionately called “Northern Optina.” So great was the authority of her dkhovnik, Hieroschemamonk Alexy (Soloviev), that it was he who, at the historic Local Council in 1917, was entrusted with drawing lots from the name of the future Patriarch. Then the difficult lot of Patriarchal service fell on Saint Tikhon.

The Smolensk Zosimova Hermitage was one of the ascribed deserts and hermitages around the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. The legend calls the schema-monk Zosima, who labored at the end of the 17th century, the founder of the male desert. After the death of the schemnik in the middle of the XVIII century. the monastery ceased to exist.

Several attempts to revive it were unsuccessful. Only in 1848 was a wooden chapel erected over the tomb of schemamonk Zosima. In 1867 the monastery was revived by the monks of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, to which it was assigned.

The brief heyday experienced by the Smolensk Zosima Monastery in the late 19th and early 20th centuries constitutes in itself a separate chapter in the annals of Russian monasticism and the Russian Church in general. But Zosima's hermitage did not flourish out of nowhere. It was nourished by deep traditions of holiness, rooted here in the 17th century.

In 1899, a book about the Smolensk Zosima Hermitage was published in Moscow, written by the future metropolitan, hieromartyr, and then still hieromonk Seraphim (Chichagov).

“Two hundred years ago, in the former Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, in Kinelsky camp, on the hilly bank of the small river Molokhcha, there was a forest wasteland with small glades overgrown with grass, called Ulyanina and significantly removed from human habitation. Not without the will of God, on a day unknown to us, a certain elder Zosima visited this wasteland, called by God to a solitary, hermit life. The old man liked this desert. A beautiful, age-old forest, a winding river and the deepest silence, interrupted only by the singing and calling of birds. The blessed elder prayed, asked for a revelation of the will of God, and, knowing in his pure heart that this very place was intended for him for asceticism and wilderness living, he remained here forever.

Years passed, the brethren gathered around the elder - however, very few in number (tradition preserved the names of only the monks Jonah and Cyril), - vegetable gardens, cells appeared. Pilgrims stretched out into the desert. Among them were representatives of noble families. Tsarevna Natalia Alekseevna, sister of Peter I, deeply revered the elder Zosima. Through her efforts, the chapel grew and adorned in the desert.

After the death of Father Zosima, his students and employees dispersed in all directions. The chapel, built by the monks, was assigned to the Lucian Hermitage, located near Alexandrov. There is some information that in 1728 Zosima Hermitage was restored, the Hieromartyr Seraphim (Chichagov) mentions the name of one of its then builders - Hieromonk Joachim - but in the infamous 1764 it was closed again, and the chapel and all the poor property were included in the parish church of the village Nikulsky.

In the future, the deserts were waiting for much greater sorrows. Elder Simeon Ermolaev, who collected information about the schemamonk Zosima in the middle of the 19th century, described this mournful period as follows: “The chapel, or cell, in which Father Zosima lived, was empty, but on his grave, on which a large monument of white stone was erected ... a lot of people flocked ... and now there were memorial services served by the priest of the village of Nikulsky, to whose parish the desert belonged. The priest of the village of Slotina, father Jacob, was very envious of the income that the priest of the village of Nikulsky received from funeral services, and therefore he came to the owner of this desert, Mr. Simonov, and persuaded him to take the icons out of the chapel and transfer them to the church of the village of Slotina, which was fulfilled; also, a monument was removed from the grave of the elder Zosima and transported by a priest (who cut the inscription with an ax) to the village of Slotino ... Mr. Timonov turned the chapel into a bird house, and when he arranged pecking and everything necessary, they transferred all the poultry and two pigs to a new bird. But what was the astonishment of the bird-woman when, waking up the next day, she saw the pigs and all the birds dead... They say it was in 1798.”

Shortly thereafter, the landowner Timonov also died, and since he was childless, after the death of his widow Ulyanina, the wasteland passed to other owners and over the next decades passed from hand to hand more than once.

The chapel, so recklessly turned by Timonov, according to Elder Simeon, into a poultry house, during this time was completely destroyed, and now only a simple wooden cross reminded of the burial place of Father Zosima. But locals they did not forget about the saint of God lying under this cross, and they still came here.

In 1848, through the efforts of the widow of the Alexander merchant I.F. Baranov, who acquired the forest of the Ulyanin wasteland for a log house, a chapel reappeared in the Zosima Hermitage. As a result, the pilgrimage to the holy place revived, but the first steps towards the revival of monastic life here were made only in 1866, when the landowner G.I. , having a desire to donate the land to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.

In the petition she submitted to the Lavra Cathedral, it was said that she “donates three tithes, with a spruce and birch forest growing on it (the land - ed.) and a chapel, to serve in this last brethren of the kinovia of prayers and memorial services for schemamonk Zosima , buried at the chapel, wishing from the inhabitants of the surrounding villages.

However, only three years later, Mrs. Nettel managed to fulfill her intention, but soon other owners of nearby lands followed her example. As a result, ten acres of land were donated to the reviving monastery. Blessed Filippushka from the Lavra brethren took a close part in the restoration of the Zosima Hermitage.

By the time serious work on the improvement of the monastery began, he himself had already died, and the work begun was continued by his son Procopius (Porfiry in tonsure). The works of Filippushka and Porfiry, as the monk Aristokliy, a modern historiographer of the desert, notes, “constantly interfered with almost detective stories that arose over the course of two decades around the Zosima Hermitage. It is enough to cite the fact that the holy fool is accused of printing counterfeit money in her caves!”

The rumor about counterfeit credit notes that spread in 1867 even led to a search in Filippushka's cell. Of course, they did not find anything reprehensible in it, but Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov), who knew and revered the blessed one closely, blessed him to move to another monastery for a while. Filippushka obeyed the archpastor, and in 1868 he died. Only in 1889, thanks to the prayers of Father Porfiry and the diligence of the Shaposhnikov merchant family, a stone church grew over the grave of Elder Zosima, consecrated in honor of the shrine that was once brought to this place by a desert dweller - the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God. In 1890, D. M. Shaposhnikov, at his own expense, built a building for the monastic brethren in the desert.

For some time, the status of the Zosima Hermitage remained uncertain, and its financial situation was not very comforting. But soon the Lord sent her an organizer who was ready to work for her good, not only out of duty, but out of spiritual attraction. It was Archimandrite Pavel (Glebov), who in 1891 was appointed vicar of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.

“Walking around all the monasteries subordinate to the Lavra,” writes Hieromartyr Seraphim (Chichagov), “he also visited the Zosimov Hermitage. The wretched appearance of the desert made a strong impression on him. The monastery did not have a fence, it was completely open. The temple, which constituted the unspeakable joy of the desert, was essentially cramped and long, since it was formed from a chapel, to which a porch and a refectory were attached. In winter, about
the thin windows of the chapel froze; it was damp; the floor lay on the ground itself. General form desert, in which there was only one building for cells and then three old huts, involuntarily made one think about the position of monastics and wish to bring help. When the Father Viceroy held a memorial service at the tomb of Schemamonk Zosima in the church, he already felt in his heart an irresistible desire to become the organizer of this suffering monastery.

Almost immediately, Archimandrite Pavel began to seek materials and funds for the construction of a stone fraternal building, then a philanthropist appeared who wished to make a donation for the construction of a new cathedral church. In a few years, the desert development has advanced as much as it has not progressed in all the past decades.

In 1897, by decree of Metropolitan Sergius (Lyapidevsky) of Moscow and with the blessing of Archimandrite Pavel, Hieromonk Herman (Gomzin), a resident of the Lavra Gethsemane Skete, was appointed rector of the Zosimov Hermitage. With him, several novices came to the desert, who formed the backbone of the Zosimov brethren. By the 1910s, its number increased to one hundred people, the monastery acquired a wonderful architectural ensemble and turned into one of the all-Russian shrines: the most prominent figures of the Church, representatives of aristocratic families and the intelligentsia used the spiritual guidance of the local elders. Zosimova Hermitage seemed to have taken over from Optina, where at that time the lamps of the Russian eldership were dying out one by one - the Monks Ambrose (+ 1891), Anatoly (+ l894), Isaac (+ l894), Joseph (+ l911), Barsanuphius (+ 1913) ...

In the description of the Zosima Hermitage, compiled by the holy martyr. Seraphim (1913 edition), this is how the life of the monastery during its heyday is illuminated:

“The brethren live according to the example of St. fathers, under the guidance of the elders, revealing to them daily their thoughts and sins, listening to experienced indications and instructions. The number of brethren extends to one hundred people, hieromonks 14, hierodeacons 8, cassocks 18, monks 20 and up to 40 people. novices. The treasurer is Hieromonk Mitrofan, and the dean is Hieromonk Melchizedek.

Characteristic features of the asceticism of Zosima Hermitage: long worship services in the temple, on weekdays the Sarov rule with "clever" prayer and bows, strict obedience not for fear, but for conscience and tireless work. All obediences are up to fifteen: the Psalter is read day and night for benefactors, they serve in the temple, paint icons, engage in turning, carpentry, bind books, bake prosphora, bake bread, work in the kitchen, sew clothes, do painting work, in the smithy, on barnyard, in a locksmith's shop, tin dishes.

Modestly, silently and meekly, the inhabitants of the Zosima monastery carry out their feat, they care not about worldly needs, but about the only thing needed. Almost everything necessary is handled by the hands of the brethren; no one presents an exception in the performance of work; everyone is working with the hegumen at the head, who by his own example teaches the brethren vigilance, prayer and heaps, remembering the testament of John Chrysostom that "from example comes the most effective teaching."

On January 17/30, 1923, the Shegigumen of the Zosima Hermitage, the Monk Herman, died. This mournful date is significant for the history of the monastery, since Fr. Herman predicted that during his lifetime the monastery would not be closed. And the clouds were already thickening. Lavra ceased to exist, many monasteries of the Moscow and Vladimir dioceses. After the demise Reverend Herman the turn of the Zosima desert came up. The Bolsheviks dispersed it in one day - on Ascension, which fell in 1923 on May 6, according to the old style. The brethren scattered. From now on, the fates of some were connected with the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, where the spiritual son of St. Herman Bishop Bartholomew (Remov), others settled near the closed desert and the Lavra (in particular, the famous elder Alexy (Soloviev) lived in Zagorsk until his death.

In the coming years, most of them were destined to set foot on thorny path martyrdom and confession. And in the desecrated Zosima desert there is an orphanage. He hosted here for a short time, giving way to a much more "durable" guest - a military unit.
The monastic buildings were converted into housing for officers and their families, and a club was set up in the Smolensk Cathedral. But this stage of the difficult history of the monastery is gradually fading into the past.

In 1992, the first monks came to Zosima Hermitage. On March 15, 1992, from the Decree of the Bishop (now Metropolitan) of Vladimir and Suzdal Evlogy on the opening of the monastery and the resumption of monastic life in it. The revival of the monastery began.

In July 1994, the founder of the monastery, Schemamonk Zosima, was canonized (for general church glorification, commemorated June 28 and July 26) and St. Herman (Gomzina, at the diocesan level, commemorated January 30) and in 2000 Ven. Alexy (Soloviev, also for general church glorification, commemorated October 2).