Vegetable world. The vegetation cover of the park is dominated by black taiga. Forests are represented by mountain types of communities. Communities with Siberian pine and Siberian fir predominate. Spruce, pine, downy birch, and aspen are much less common. In the age structure, the share of middle-aged and ripening plantations is the most significant. The proportion of mature stands is only about one fifth of the forested land. The most common are large-herb and broad-herb types of forest communities. Less significant is the proportion of moss and shrub-forb forest types with bird cherry and mountain ash in the undergrowth, and in the grass cover with female kochedyzhnik, bracken, northern wrestler, high larkspur, forest kupyr. The share of other forest types is insignificant. In the forests of the mid-mountainous part of Shoria, the unique and rich flora of the mountains of Southern Siberia is preserved. Its botanical attractions are such rare plant species as Siberian kandyk, large-flowered lady's slipper, real lady's slipper, rosea rhodiola.

Part II. SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS

Section 2. STATE NATURE RESERVES OF THE KEMEROVSK REGION

Decree of the Collegium of the Administration of the Kemerovo Region dated October 14, 2009 No. 412

"On State Nature Reserves of the Kemerovo Region" the validity period of the existing state nature reserves of the Kemerovo Region has been extended. As of December 31, 2009, there were 12 state nature reserves of regional significance in the Kemerovo region, intended to restore the number of game animals (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1

State natural reserves of the Kemerovo region

p/n	Name of the state order	Location (administrative region)	Main protected species	Area, ha.
				Total	including
					wooded	occupied by grassy ecosystems	occupied by water bodies
	Antibessky	Izhmorsky, Mariinsky, Chebulinsky	Beaver, roe deer	47738,7	34696	9781	121,8
	Barzassky	Kemerovo	Beaver	62469,4	58967,9	2108,3	197,0
	Belsinsky	Mezhdurechensky	Sable, deer, reindeer	77334	69563
	Bungarapsko-Azhendarovsky	Krapivinsky, Belovsky	Comprehensive species protection	63378	48890,9	11900,1	342,1
	Gorskinsky	Guryevsky	Capercaillie	12980,3	4921,9	4022,6	57,5
	Chinese	Yaya	beaver, moose	47951,1	30126,27	16360,4	193,12
	Nizhne-Tomsky	Yurginsky	Elk, roe deer	28485,5	15825,2	9786,1	593,8
	Written	Yashkinsky, Kemerovo	Elk	29415,5	18887,8	9406,8	323,9
	Saltymakovskiy	Krapivinsky	Elk	31795,4	28077	2581
	Salairsky	Industrialovsky, Guryevsky	Elk, capercaillie	38169	32116,2	2407,3	62,9
	Razdolny	Yurginsky, Topkinsky	Roe deer, moose	14118,6	6227	6505
	Chumaisk-Irkutyanovsky	Chebulinsky, Tisulsky	Maral	23897,1	22571,2	991,5	145,8
Total:				477732,6	370870,4	76483,1	2383,92

2.1. Reforming the regional system of protected areas

The total area of ​​protected areas in the Kemerovo Region is 1,315,505.6 hectares, which is one of the highest rates in Russia. However, despite this, the existing system of protected areas is not effective enough to preserve natural complexes and maintain the normal functioning of the components of the natural environment. Protected areas of federal significance, occupying 60% of the total area of ​​protected areas, have a relatively low impact on the restoration of the air basin of the Kemerovo region. Due to the fact that they are geographically located in the east and southeast of the region, in the conditions of the predominance of the western transfer of air masses, they have a greater impact on the Republic of Khakassia than on the Kemerovo region. The existing migration routes of ungulates show that the wintering areas of roe deer, elks, marals are located outside the region - in the Republic of Khakassia. The state natural reserves of the Kemerovo region provide only protection of hunting and commercial species of animals.

Specially protected natural areas of the Kemerovo region currently represent isolated and semi-isolated areas of nature of varying degrees of preservation, which are not interconnected, and, therefore, are not a normally functioning system of protected areas. The existing specially protected natural territories do not cover many landscapes of the Kemerovo region. The protection of landscapes of the steppe and southern taiga (sub)types is completely absent; landscapes of subtaiga, forest-steppe, foothill light-coniferous mountain-taiga types and taiga-forest-steppe type of light-coniferous-birch forests can be traced only on the territory of zoological reserves. The protection of swamps is actually carried out only on the territory of protected areas of federal significance, which include only swamps of middle and high mountains, swamps of the flat territory (the unique complex of Shestakovskiye swamps) remain without protection. Therefore, there is a need to establish integrated protection or organize new protected areas for the protection of these types of landscapes.

2.2. State natural reserve "Antibessky"

The Antibessky reserve is located in the forest-steppe zone of the northern part of the region on the territory of the Izhmorsky, Mariinsky and Chebulinsky districts (Fig. 2.1). The center of the reserve is located in the village. Letyazhka, Izhmorsky district. Its area is 47738.7 hectares. The reserve got its name from the Antibes River, in the basin of which it is located.

The reserve was created in order to protect and reproduce the beaver. The territory of the reserve is characterized by a hilly-ridged relief with wide marshy valleys of small streams and rivers. Thickets of willow and aspen grow abundantly along the banks of the rivers. This allowed in 1960 to release in the river. Antibes and its tributaries are beavers, which are well established.

Rice. 2.1. Grass-forb meadow of the Antibessky reserve

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state natural reserve "Antibessky", conducted in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

The fauna of the reserve's vertebrates is typical for the flat taiga in the foothills of the Kuznetsk Alatau and is represented by 235 species of vertebrates, of which 1 lamprey species, 18 fish species, 2 amphibian species, 4 reptile species, 158 bird species and 52 mammal species.

Of the total composition of animals registered on the territory of the reserve, 14 species of vertebrates and 2 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

The flora of the reserve includes 566 species of higher vascular plants. Bryophytes growing on the territory of the reserve are not well studied. The Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 13 plant species.

The territory of the reserve "Antibessky" is of considerable interest as an object of biodiversity conservation in the Kemerovo region. In the northwestern part of the reserve, the complex of Antibes marshes extends. Bog ecosystems of this type and scale are unique for the Kemerovo region, they include a large number of representatives of the orchid family, listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.3. State natural reserve "Barzassky"

The reserve is located in the low-mountain taiga in the north of the region on the territory of the Kemerovo district and covers part of the Barzas river basin, from which it got its name (Fig. 2.2). The reserve covers an area of ​​62469.4 hectares. It was created for the purpose of breeding the river beaver in the Kemerovo region (Barzas river basin). From the territory of the reserve, beavers actively settle in the surrounding lands and currently do not need special protection measures.

The territory of the reserve has a hilly relief and is covered with fir-aspen taiga. Cedar is found in the composition of tree plantations. Significant areas are occupied by secondary birch-aspen forests on the site of old clearings and burnt areas. Numerous network of rivers and streams with willow thickets creates favorable conditions for beavers to live. Along with beavers, elk, roe deer, capercaillie and black grouse live in the reserve; brown bear, mink, Siberian weasel, otter, sable, squirrel, etc. However, in recent years, the number of bear, elk and sable has been declining.

Rice. 2.2. Dark coniferous forest on the banks of the river. Barzas

A comprehensive environmental survey conducted in 2006 on the territory of the state natural reserve "Barzassky" showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

The fauna of the reserve is represented by 226 species of vertebrates, which is 46.1% of the fauna of the region. Of these: fish - 13 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 2 species, birds - 154 species, mammals - 52 species.

The flora of the reserve includes 261 species of higher vascular plants and 28 species of bryophytes.

Among plants and animals, a large number of species are of economic and environmental importance: 10 species of plants and 18 species of animals found on the territory of the Barzassky reserve are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region; 3 species of birds - in the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.4. Belsinsky State Nature Reserve

The reserve is located on the territory of the Mezhdurechensky district in the basin of the river. Belsu on the western slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau (Fig. 2.3). Its area is 77334 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in Mezhdurechensk. The relief of the reserve is mountainous, the maximum heights reach 2178 m above sea level. The reserve is located in the mid-mountain belt of dark coniferous taiga with a predominance of fir and cedar.

Rice. 2.3. Dark coniferous forest on the banks of the river. Belsu

The reserve "Belsinsky" was created in order to protect and reproduce sable, but a complex of game animals is subject to protection in it, since migration routes of ungulates, mainly deer and roe deer, pass here; there is an elk and a reindeer.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Belsinsky state nature reserve, conducted in 2008, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not distinguished by increased biological diversity. At the same time, a significant number of valuable and rare species of plants and animals live in this territory.

The fauna of the reserve is quite diverse, the main hunting and commercial species are especially well represented. All kinds of ungulates and predators living in the Kemerovo region can be found here without exception. The abundant forage base attracts sable, otter, mink and other valuable game animals here. The reindeer lives on the slopes of the mountains bordering the valley of the river. Bels. Valuable species of fish are found in the river: taimen, uskuch, grayling, etc. However, in terms of the biological diversity of vertebrates and invertebrates, it does not fundamentally stand out against the background of the mountain taiga territories of the Kemerovo region, 164 species of vertebrates live here, of which 14 species are fish, 2 amphibian species, 1 reptile species, 99 bird species and 46 mammal species.

The flora of the reserve "Belsinsky" includes 345 species of vascular plants belonging to 216 genera, 60 families. The most rich in species composition are the following families: Asteraceae, Bluegrass, Rosaceae, Sedge, Clove, Ranunculaceae, Celery, Legumes, Norichnikovye.

18 species of plants, 4 species of animals, 1 species of fish, 2 species of birds are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

The reserve "Belsinsky" together with the reserve "Kuznetsk Alatau" performs an important function of preserving mountain and taiga ecosystems, as well as certain species of rare and economically valuable plants and animals.

2.5. State natural reserve "Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky"

The reserve "Bungarapsko-Azhendarovsky" is located on the left bank of the river. Tom in the Belovsky and Krapivinsky districts (Fig. 2.4). Its area is 63378 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Taradanovo, Krapivinsky district. The river flows along the eastern border of the reserve. Bungarap, along the southwestern - r. Inya, along the western - r. Mungat, Taradanovsky ridge is located in the center.

Rice. 2.4. The border of the Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky reserve along the river. Tom

The reserve was created in order to protect and reproduce the beaver. At present, beavers have mastered the valleys of taiga rivers and began to settle outside the reserve. On the territory of the reserve there is one of the largest winter camps for elk in the region.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state nature reserve "Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky", conducted in 2007, showed that the richness of flora and fauna is determined by the location of the reserve on the border of three landscape formations - floodplain-valley landscapes (the Tom River, the Inya River), the forest-steppes of the Kuznetsk depressions and mountain dark coniferous forests of the Kuznetsk Alatau. Therefore, species belonging to different ecological and geographical complexes are combined on the territory of the reserve. The fauna of the reserve is represented by 304 species of vertebrates, including 1 species of lamprey, 23 species of fish, 3 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, 216 species of birds and 56 species of mammals. The easternmost and the only population of the common newt in Kuzbass lives on the territory of the reserve. A special place is occupied by game animals and birds. On the territory of the reserve, these species are diverse and quite numerous. Among the hunting species there are almost all representatives of the commercial fauna of the Kemerovo region. Due to the inaccessibility of most areas of the reserve, the presence of diverse and sufficient habitats, good conditions have been created for the reproduction of most hunting species: mink, beaver, muskrat, column, bear, upland and waterfowl.

Of the variety of animals recorded in the reserve, 46 species of vertebrates and 5 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region. For a number of species (newt, snake, peregrine falcon), the territory of the reserve is the only place where stable and relatively numerous populations exist.

656 species of higher plants belonging to 100 families grow on the territory of the reserve. The most rich in species composition are the families Compositae - 71 species, Cereals (Poa grasses) - 55 species, Legumes and Ranunculaceae - 34 species each, Rosaceae - 33 species, Umbelliferae and Sedge 23 species each, Carnation 22 species. 28 species of rare plants included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region have been registered.

2.6. State natural reserve "Gorskinsky"

The Gorskinsky nature reserve is located in the Guryev district in the foothills of the Salair Ridge and has a hilly terrain. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Kochkurovka, Guryevsky district. The main watercourses are the Biryulya and Ur rivers. Its area is 12980.3 hectares. The main forest-forming species is pine. Most of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forest-steppes and shrubs (Fig. 2.5). Pine forests with numerous fields and meadows attract roe deer, elk and other valuable game animals to the reserve.

Rice. 2.5. Forest-steppes of the Gorskinsky reserve

The original purpose of the reserve is the protection of wood grouse. In the future, the Gorskinsky reserve was defined according to its profile as a complex zoological one, where capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse and partridge are subject to protection.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the reserve, conducted in 2008, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is characterized by increased biological diversity, which is explained by the large mosaic nature of biotopes in a relatively small area.

The fauna of the reserve is quite rich: 183 species of vertebrates live here, including 13 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 118 species of birds and 47 species of mammals. On the territory of the reserve there are 5 rare species of animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

The flora of higher vascular plants of the reserve includes 612 species belonging to 87 families and 327 genera. The largest families of flora are: Asteraceae - 76 species, Cereals - 58 species, Legumes - 36 species, Rosaceae - 35 species, Cabbage - 30 species, Ranunculaceae - 28 species, Sedge - 26 species and others. The flora of higher vascular plants of the reserve contains 18 species included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.7. State natural reserve "Kitatsky"

The Kitatsky reserve is located in the northern part of the Kemerovo region, on the territory of the Yaya district, its area is 47951.1 hectares, the relief is flat. The main rivers on the territory of the reserve are Kitat, Katat, Kuerbak (Fig. 2.6). The center of the reserve is located in the village. Ulanovka.

Rice. 2.6. Communities of aquatic plants of the river. Chinat

The composition of tree plantations is dominated by dark coniferous species (fir, cedar), significant areas are occupied by secondary birch-aspen forests in clearings and burnt areas. More than a third of the territory of the reserve is occupied by open forest-steppe areas where agricultural production is carried out.

The main task of the reserve is to preserve and ensure the reproduction of the beaver, the number of which has stabilized at the optimal level. The functional status of the reserve is determined by the abundance of semi-aquatic mammal species (mink, otter, beaver, muskrat) inhabiting the Kuerbak and Kitat rivers. Of these, the only protected species is the otter.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Kitatsky state nature reserve, conducted in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

The vertebrate fauna is typical of the lowland taiga of the West Siberian Plain. According to preliminary data, 233 species of vertebrates live here, of which 1 species of lamprey, 18 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 156 species of birds and 52 species of mammals. The list of protected species of the Kemerovo region includes 10 species of vertebrates and 2 species of insects. For the north of the Kemerovo region, the fauna of the reserve is not unique in terms of species composition and the presence of protected species. It is typical of the southern lowland taiga and subtaiga (birch) forests. Many species of commercial fauna are classified as common or rare (fox, sable, Siberian weasel, ermine, polecat, gray partridge). The reserve has lost its significance as a winter stopover for elk or roe deer, because their numbers are rather low.

In total, 366 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 67 families have been recorded on the territory of the reserve. The most rich in species composition are the families Compositae - 35 species, Cereals (Poa grasses) - 34 species, Rosaceae - 27 species. Only 2 species of rare and protected plants included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region have been noted on the territory of the reserve.

2.8. Nizhne-Tomsky State Nature Reserve

The reserve is located in the forest-steppe zone of the northwestern part of the Kemerovo region - in the Yurginsky district. The center of the reserve is located in the village of Makurino. Its area is 28485.5 hectares. The relief of the reserve is a slightly wavy flat plain, cut in the central part by a wide valley of the river. Tom, with a large number of floodplain lakes (Fig. 2.7). Significant areas of the reserve are occupied by coniferous forests, among which pine is more common, less often - fir, spruce and cedar. Open forest-steppe areas (more than a third of the territory of the reserve) have been developed for agricultural land. Numerous aspen-birch pegs are a convenient habitat for Siberian roe deer and elk.

The purpose of the reserve is the comprehensive protection of the animal world, including elk, roe deer, capercaillie, black grouse and partridge.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Nizhne-Tomsky State Nature Reserve, conducted in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is very unequal in terms of the concentration of rare species. The vast majority of rare species are concentrated in a limited eastern part of the reserve - in the floodplain of the river. Tom.

On the territory of the Nizhne-Tomsk reserve, 272 species of vertebrates were found, which is 56.2% of the fauna of the region. Of these: fish - 23 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 4 species, birds - 196 species, mammals - 47 species.

The fauna of the reserve contains 20 species of vertebrates included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region, including fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 12 species, mammals - 4 species. Of the vertebrates living on the territory of the reserve, 1 species of fish, 2 species of birds and 1 species of mammals are included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region.

Fig 2.7. General view of the Nizhne-Tomsky reserve in the area of ​​​​Varyukhinskaya Kurya

The flora of higher vascular plants of the Nizhne-Tomsk Reserve includes 662 species belonging to 339 genera and 92 families. Spore plants include 18 species, of which 11 species are ferns. The most numerous in terms of the number of species of the family are: Compositae - 85 species, Cereal (Poa) - 50 species, Sedge - 38 species, Rosaceae and Legumes - 35 species each, Cruciferous - 32 species.

The Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 22 plant species found on the territory of the Nizhne-Tomsk reserve.

2.9. State natural reserve "Pisaniy"

The reserve is located in the northwestern part of the region, in the forest-steppe part of the Yashkinsky and Kemerovo regions on the right bank of the river. Tom in the lower part of the river basin. Written (Fig. 2.8). Its area is 29415.5 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Pacha of the Yashkinsky district. The relief of the reserve is a hilly plain, heavily dissected by ravines. Among the massifs of aspen-birch forests there are pine and cedar forests. The "Pisaniy" reserve is complex. In the reserve, a protective regime has been established for elk, roe deer, otter, black grouse, hazel grouse, ordinary column, hare, squirrel, fox, mink and lynx.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state natural reserve "Pisaniy", conducted in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is very unequal in terms of the concentration of rare species. The largest number of rare species was noted along the Tom River and in the vicinity of the Tomsk Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve.

Rice. 2.8. Right root bank of the river. Tom reserve "Pisaniy"

The fauna of the "Pisaniy" reserve is represented by 258 species of vertebrates (53.3% of the fauna of the region), including: fish - 18 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 5 species, birds - 188 species, mammals - 45 species.

The fauna of the reserve and the nearest adjacent territories includes 30 species of animals listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region, including: fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 21 species, mammals - 5 species.

The Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes: fish - 1 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 2 species.

The fauna of invertebrates of the "Pisaniy" reserve has been studied in fragments. Research concerns only rare species. In total, 4 species of invertebrates included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region were noted, including hymenoptera - 2 species, lepidoptera - 2 species. In addition, the invertebrate fauna of the Pisany Reserve contains 6 species of invertebrates - candidates for the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, having the status of declining species (category A) and stable species (category B), of which dragonflies - 1 species, hymenoptera - 1 species, Lepidoptera - 4 species. Provided that the habitats are preserved, their numbers can be restored.

When assessing the significance of the reserve, it should be taken into account that most of the rare birds stay on the territory of the reserve temporarily, during migrations and flights. Many of them are waterfowl.

The flora of the reserve includes 615 species of higher vascular plants, of which 20 plant species are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.10. Razdolny State Nature Reserve

The Razdolny nature reserve is located on the territory of the Yurginsky and Topkinsky districts. Its area is 14118.6 hectares. The relief of the reserve is hilly. The rivers Iskitim and Kamenka originate on the territory of the reserve.

The main type of vegetation is forest-steppe, swampy in places (Fig. 2.9). Birch-aspen pegs sometimes form quite large arrays. In addition, there are several isolated pine forests. Steppe areas, which occupy almost half of the territory of the reserve, are used for agriculture. The reserve is located in a densely populated area with a well-developed network of roads. There are no settlements within the territory of the reserve, but there are quite a lot of them along its borders.

The Razdolny nature reserve is complex, but its main purpose is to protect moose and roe deer in the winter camp.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state natural reserve "Razdolny", conducted in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

Fig.2.9. Rogozovo-forb bog on the territory of the reserve "Razdolny"

The fauna of the reserve is typical for the forest-steppe of the Kuznetsk basin. The absence of large reservoirs on the territory of the reserve explains the relative poverty of the vertebrate fauna. According to preliminary data, 188 species of vertebrates live here, including 9 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 130 species of birds and 44 species of mammals.

Of the total composition of animals registered on the territory of the reserve, 5 species of vertebrates and 1 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

495 species of plants belonging to 82 families grow on the territory of the reserve. The families of Compositae (60 species) and Cereals (Meatlikovye) are the richest in species composition - 43 species. 6 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.11. Salairsky State Nature Reserve

The Salairsky reserve is located on the northeastern tip of the foothills of the Salair Ridge in the Promyshlennovsky and Guryevsky districts. Its area is 35449 hectares. The center of the reserve - with. Zhuravlevo Promyshlenny district. The reserve is located in the foothills of the Salair Ridge (Fig. 2.10). The main watercourses are the rivers Istok, Chebura, Kasma.

The forests are represented mainly by fir-aspen taiga, significant areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch-aspen undergrowth in overgrown clearings and burnt areas. Insignificant areas of open forest-steppe areas are used for agriculture. The "Salairsky" reserve was created as a species reserve in order to protect and reproduce the elk.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Salairsky State Nature Reserve, conducted in 2006, showed that, despite the long history of development of the ridge, the vegetation cover still contains significant areas of natural intact vegetation, fragmented areas of which are scattered throughout the ridge. On the territory of the Salairsky reserve, various plant communities are represented: steppe, forest, meadow, swamp, near-water, which suggests the presence of rich flora and fauna.

Rice. 2.10. Steppe communities on rocky outcrops

The fauna of the reserve is represented by 241 species of vertebrates (49.8% of the fauna of the region), including: fish - 9 species, amphibians and reptiles - 6 species, birds - 170 species, mammals - 56 species.

The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 26 species of vertebrates, including: birds - 19 species, mammals - 7 species (only bats), the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 1 species of amphibians, 3 species of birds and 2 species of mammals.

On the territory of the reserve, 11 species of invertebrates included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region were noted, including: dragonflies - 3 species, hemipterans - 1 species, hymenoptera - 5 species, lepidoptera - 2 species. In addition, the invertebrate fauna of the Salair Reserve contains 4 species included in the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, which have the status of endangered species (category A) and stable species (category B).

The floristic diversity of the study area is 682 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 95 families and 343 genera. Vascular spore plants (horsetails, ferns) are represented by 24 species, including 15 species of ferns. The Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 27 plant species.

2.12. Saltymakovskiy State Nature Reserve

The Saltymakovskiy reserve is located on the territory of the Krapivinskiy district. Its territory covers part of the river basin. Taidon and a significant part of the Saltymakov Range. In the low mountains of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge, the reserve borders on the protected zone of the state nature reserve "Kuznetsky Alatau". Its area is 31,795.4 hectares, the relief of the territory is low-mountainous, the maximum heights reach 720 m above sea level (Fig. 2.11). The main watercourses are the Taydon and Ilmen rivers. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Taradanovo, Krapivinsky district. The Saltymakovskiy reserve was created as a species reserve for the protection and reproduction of the elk. Dark coniferous taiga (fir and cedar) prevails, significant areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch-aspen undergrowth on overgrown clearings and burnt areas.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Saltymakovskiy State Nature Reserve, conducted in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is rich, diverse and of considerable interest from the point of view of practical solutions to the problems of biological diversity conservation.

Rice. 2.11. General view of the Saltymakovskiy Reserve

The fauna of the reserve contains 262 species of vertebrates (54.1% of the fauna of the region), including cyclostomes - 1 species, fish - 20 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 5 species, birds - 184 species, mammals - 50 species.

On the territory of the reserve there are 37 species of vertebrates included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region, including: fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 26 species, mammals - 7 species. The Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes: fish - 1 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 3 species.

On the territory of the Saltymakovskiy reserve, 4 species of invertebrates included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region were noted. The Red Book Appendix includes 4 species of invertebrates: dragonflies - 1 species, Hymenoptera - 1 species, Lepidoptera - 2 species.

The flora of the reserve includes 564 species of higher vascular plants, of which 23 species are included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.13. Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky State Nature Reserve

The reserve "Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky" is located on the territory of the Tisulsky and Chebulinsky districts. The center of the reserve is located in the village of Makaraksky, Tisulsky district. Its area is 23897.1 hectares. The territory of the reserve has a low-mountain relief and is drained by the river system. Kiya with a tributary of the river. Casing (Fig. 2.12). A small amount of precipitation falling in winter (up to 200 mm) leads to the formation of a thin snow cover, which attracts deer and roe deer from all surrounding areas for wintering.

Rice. 2.12. River valley kiya

Comprehensive environmental survey conducted on the territory of the state nature reserve

"Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky" in 2007 showed that the flora and fauna of the reserve are diverse. This is determined by its location at the junction of the forest-steppe regions of the north-east of the region and the mountain-taiga territories of the northern spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau.

There are 255 species of vertebrates on the territory of the reserve, of which 1 species of lamprey, 22 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 171 species of birds and 55 species of mammals. The Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 18 species of vertebrates and 1 species of insects.

The flora of the reserve is represented by 403 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 73 families. The dominant position is occupied by flowering plants - 378 species. The most rich in species composition are the families of Compositae - 45 species, Cereals (Poat grasses) - 32 species, Rosaceae - 26 species, Legumes - 23 species. In the flora of the reserve, 20 species of rare plants listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region with different protection status were identified, of which 4 species are the large-flowered slipper (Cypripedium macranthon), the nest flower (Neottianthe cucullata), the helmeted orchis (Orchis militaris) and the leafless chin (Epipogium aphyllum) are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

Reserve Kuznetsk Alatau

The Kuznetsk Alatau Reserve is located in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, in the Tisulsky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region. The reserve was founded in 1989, its area is 412.9 thousand hectares, 253 thousand hectares are forests, 15 thousand hectares are meadows, 1.6 thousand hectares are reservoirs. The relief of the territory is mountainous, smoothed, the tops of the mountains have a domed shape. The highest mountain peaks of the Kuznetsk Alatau are Bolshaya Tserkovnaya (1449 m above sea level), Chemodan (1357 m), Krestovaya (1549 m), Kanym (1871 m). On the territory of the reserve there are sources of the largest tributaries of the Ob - the rivers Tom and Chulym. The climate is continental, with hot dry summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature is 4.9 °С, the average July temperature is 21.1 °С (maximum 40 °С), the average January temperature is -10.8 °С (minimum up to -40 °С), the average annual precipitation is 385 mm. Most of the Kuznetsk Alatau reserve is covered with mountain taiga forests of fir, spruce and Siberian cedar pine, which are replaced on the eastern slopes by pine and larch forests. The vegetation cover includes altitudinal belts from steppe and forest-steppe to black taiga, alpine meadows and high mountain tundra. There are many rare plants: pink radiola (golden root), safflower-like leuzea (maral root), lady's slipper and endemic species. Maral, elk, roe deer, sable are common in the reserve, musk deer is found. The wild reindeer constantly lives and migrates within the Kuznetsk Alatau. Of the rare birds, there are black storks, golden eagles; a total of 103 species of nesting birds have been recorded.

Shor National Park

Shorsky National Park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region. The length of the territory of the national park from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km. The administration of the national park is located in the city of Tashtagol (652990, Kemerovo region, Tashtagol, Sadovaya st. 8).

The relief of the territory of the national park is a complex mountain system strongly dissected by river valleys. The average height above sea level is 500-800 m, some peaks reach 1600-1800 m. It is sharply continental and severe, which is due to the location of the park almost in the center of the Asian mainland. The high ridges that enclose Mountain Shoria from the west with the Salair Ridge, from the south with the Altai mountain system, and from the east by the ridges of the Kuznetsk Alatau and the Western Sayan Mountains, create a peculiar climatic regime. The average January temperature? 20-22 degrees. From, July - + 17-18 degrees. C. In the mountains with height, average temperatures drop sharply. The average annual rainfall is 900 mm, in the mountains on the windward slopes up to 1500-1800 mm. Snow lasts for more than six months, from October to April. The depth of the snow cover reaches 200-250 cm, in the depressions of the middle mountains - more than 400 cm. Winds of the southern and south-western direction prevail.

The territory of the national park is dissected by a network of rivers and streams. The main water artery is the Mras-Su River, which flows through the main body of the park from north to south and divides its territory into approximately two equal parts. The water regime is typical for mountain rivers. The main sources of food for rivers and streams are precipitation and groundwater.

There are many commercial and hunting species in the theriofauna of the national park: hare, squirrel, sable, American mink, Siberian weasel, otter, wolverine, fox, wolf, lynx, elk. In addition to the listed species, there are the Siberian mole, chipmunk, water vole, muskrat, common hamster, ermine, weasel, steppe polecat, badger, brown bear, wild reindeer, musk deer, roe deer, deer. Among the representatives of the avifauna, many are the object of hunting: common mallard, shoveler, pintail, gray duck, cracked teal, whistle teal, red-headed pochard, capercaillie, hazel grouse, black grouse, quail, corncrake, woodcock, snipe, great snipe, garchnep, etc. From rare species of birds in the park there are black stork, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, osprey. Grayling, lenok, taimen are found in the rivers

Specially Protected Natural Territories of Federal Importance

Currently, there are three specially protected natural areas of federal significance in the Kemerovo region:

– State Nature Reserve "Kuznetsk Alatau";

– Shorsky National Park;

– natural monument "Lime Island".

State natural reserves carry out:

– protection of natural areas in order to preserve biological diversity and maintain protected natural complexes and objects in their natural state;

– organization and conduct of scientific research, including the maintenance of the Chronicle of Nature;

– environmental monitoring within the framework of the national environmental monitoring system. Contribute to the environmental education of the population, the training of scientific personnel and specialists in the field of environmental protection.

State zoological reserves of regional significance

As of December 31, 2007, there are 12 regional zoological reserves with a total area of ​​474,962 ha in the region.

Since the establishment of state reserves, the number of some animal species has increased significantly (beaver, sable). In addition, the number of wild ungulates (elk, roe deer) has stabilized.

In order to more effectively protect animals, increase and stabilize their numbers in the reserves, elk and roe deer are fed, and the number of predators is regulated. In winter, the issue of mineral nutrition of animals is especially acute. Mineral feeding of animals is carried out by arranging salt licks on the territory of reserves.

Most of the raptors located in the reserves are subject to protection, and some of them need to be restored. Thus, specially protected birds of prey include osprey, white-tailed eagle (on migration), eagle owl, all kinds of owls and falcons.

A special category of predators is represented by dogs (some of which have become feral) that enter the territory of wildlife sanctuaries from settlements and holiday villages.

During the nesting and brooding period, dogs cause significant harm to the populations of many species of protected animals, destroying the clutches of birds, their chicks, as well as young mammals. In order to combat stray dogs, their widespread and constant capture is carried out.

Of the large predators, the bear, badger, lynx and fox live in the reserves. The number of lynx and fox has been steadily low in recent years. The wolf, in the event of its appearance in the territories of reserves, is subject to complete destruction.

Hunting for all kinds of game animals is prohibited on the territory of the reserves.

STATE NATURAL ZOOLOGICAL RESERVES

Salairsky reserve created as a species for the protection and reproduction of elk. Area 35449 ha. The territory of the reserve is located in the foothills of the Salair Ridge. The main watercourses are the rivers Istok, Chebura, Kasma. Forest areas are represented mainly by fir-aspen taiga, significant areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch-aspen low forests in overgrown clearings and burnt areas. Insignificant areas of open forest-steppe areas are used for agriculture. The center of the reserve - with. Zhuravlevo Promyshlenny district.

The flora of the reserve includes 682 species of higher vascular plants and 36 species of bryophytes.

The vertebrate fauna of the Salair Reserve includes 241 species. Invertebrates on the territory of the reserve, as well as in the Kemerovo region as a whole, have been studied fragmentarily, only in separate systematic groups. In this regard, it is not possible to estimate the total number of invertebrate species. Therefore, only rare species of insects included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region (2000) were studied on the territory of the reserve.

Among plants and animals, a significant number of species have a variety of economic and environmental significance. 27 plant species and 37 animal species are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region (2000).

A significant part of the species diversity is associated with the water area of ​​the Tanaev Pond (Zhuravlevskoye reservoir on the Istok River).

Many aquatic and semi-aquatic animals enter the territory of the reserve for a short time and irregularly (birds: ankle-footed, sandpipers, waterfowl) or are found on the very border of the protected area.

State natural zoological reserve "Pisaniy"

The reserve is located in the northwestern part of the region, in the forest-steppe part of the Yashkinsky and Kemerovo regions on the right bank of the river. Tom in the lower part of the Pisana river basin, on an area of ​​29415.5 ha. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Pacha of the Yashkinsky district. The relief of the reserve is a hilly plain, heavily dissected by ravines. Among the massifs of aspen-birch forests there are pine and cedar forests. The "Pisaniy" reserve is complex. In the reserve, a protective regime has been established for elk, roe deer, otter, black grouse, hazel grouse, ordinary column, hare, squirrel, fox, mink and lynx.

Comprehensive botanical and zoological studies conducted on the territory of the State Zoological Reserve "Pisaniy" in 2006, as well as an analysis of scientific literature, departmental materials, collections and observations showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is very unequal in terms of the concentration of rare species. The largest number of rare species was noted along the Tom River and in the vicinity of the Tomsk Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve.

The zoological reserve "Pisaniy" was created to protect the elk, but did not fulfill its task. Moose migration across the Tom River has dropped to a minimum. According to the Department of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance in the Kemerovo region (2000), the number of elk in its territory ranges from 20-45 heads, and in recent years it has tended to decrease. Large hunting species are also protected in the reserve: roe deer (12-22 heads) and bear (4-6 heads).

The flora of the reserve includes 615 species of higher vascular plants.

The fauna of the reserve includes 258 species of vertebrates. At the same time, a significant part of the birds, including the vast majority of waterfowl, waders, and gulls, are found only along the banks of the river. Tom on migration in spring and autumn.

The Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region (2000) includes 20 plant species and 34 animal species occurring in the territory of the Pisany reserve.

01/10/2017 Reserved places of Kuzbass 12+

On January 10, 6th grade students of boarding school No. 15 took part in a virtual eco-tour "Reserved Places of Russia" dedicated to the All-Russian Day of Reserves as part of the "Love, Appreciate and Protect" cycle. Every year on January 11, Russian ecologists and all those who care about nature conservation celebrate the Day of Reserves and National Parks. The date of the holiday was based on the day on which the first Russian reserve was created: Barguzinsky.

At the beginning of the event, librarian Achimova O.V. (Oksana Viktorovna) introduced the children to books about the reserved places of Kuzbass, told that the natural resources, flora and fauna of the Kemerovo region are huge and diverse. But a person does not always value, mercilessly uses and cares little about the preservation of these riches. Therefore, there was a need to organize reserves and reserves in the Kuzbass. On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: the reserve of federal significance "Kuznetsk Alatau", the national park "Shorsky", the historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve "Tomsk Pisanitsa" and 14 nature reserves.

The prepared slide presentation helped the children to “climb” the Celestial teeth, descend into the Aazas cave, “visit” the Alatau mountains, “walk” through the Shorsky national park, see the Marble Rocks waterfall, the valley of the Mrassu river with caves, and the Kul valley -Taiga with a mountain lake. But the greatest interest was aroused by "Tomsk Pisanitsa" - the first monument of rock art in Siberia.

With interest and curiosity, the guys looked at books about reserves, vying to ask questions, marveled at the images of rock paintings of the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC): elks, bears, signs of the sun, birds, boats, deer-sun, bird people ... But the main surprise was waiting for them ahead. Mammoth tusk and its tooth, bison skull and figurines of prehistoric people from the personal collection of history teacher V.L. Sotnikova, caused genuine delight among the participants of the eco-trip. Everyone wanted to hold and take a picture with a petrified history dating back more than one thousand years.

At the end of the event, we decided that we would take the next excursion to the seven wonders of Kuzbass.

15 people participated.

Achimova Oksana Viktorovna,
lead librarian