I think that even my smallest readers know that there are animals that sleep all winter. These are a bear and a badger, a hedgehog and a turtle, snakes and frogs. Insects also sleep in winter (remember, last year we already got an answer to the question, where do flies hibernate?), And rodents, and many fish. But the hare does not sleep. And the deer does not sleep. So why do some animals need to sleep in the winter, while others do not? Today we will deal with this.

Many children (and adults too) believe that animals sleep in winter to wait out the cold. This is only partly true. Of course, there are cold-blooded animals - these are animals that cannot maintain their body temperature themselves. In order to lead an active lifestyle, they need heat to come from outside. Such animals include reptiles, amphibians, fish and all invertebrates: insects, mollusks, worms, etc. As soon as the air temperature drops to a certain point, they all hibernate.

But they are not the only ones sleeping. In winter, some warm-blooded animals also sleep: many rodents, hedgehogs, badgers, raccoons. And, of course, the most famous of the dormouse is the bear.

Exercise.

In this picture, I drew different animals. Ask your child to name which of them are warm-blooded and which are cold-blooded.

If everything depended only on the cold, then why does the polar bear not sleep in winter, although it lives in a much colder climate than the brown one? We have already studied why polar bears do not freeze in winter: they have a number of adaptations to keep warm. But after all, the brown bear also has its own adaptations in order not to freeze. Moreover, he is not much warmer to sleep than not to sleep. After all, bears sleep in winter not only in closed dens dug in the ground (which are called unpaved), but they also use riding dens, i.e. simply pits in which they sleep right under the snow. And they must be cold there.

So, something else besides the cold, in winter, makes animals hibernate. And what else distinguishes winter from other seasons, except for the low air temperature? The lack of vegetation. There is no grass, no berries, no flowers, no green leaves. Therefore, herbivores that fed mainly on them experience great nutritional difficulties.

Ask the child what kind of wild animals does he know (domestic animals are not considered here, because people take care of their food), which feed on vegetation? These are deer, moose, roe deer, wild boars and other ungulates. These are many types of birds and fish. These are rodents. And if large herbivores can somehow get their own food: digging it out from under the snow, switching to eating branches and bark of plants, moss, etc., then small animals cannot live without plants. That is why they go into hibernation. In winter, many rodents sleep: ground squirrels, hamsters, marmots, dormouse.

And since in winter there is not only vegetation, but also small rodents, frogs, worms, mollusks and other small living creatures, as well as insects, then there is nothing to eat for animals that fed on them: many birds, hedgehogs, shrews, bats, badgers, raccoons - striped and bears. And they have to either move to warmer climes where insects do not sleep (as birds do), or hibernate (as hedgehogs do). And some do it at the same time: for example, insectivorous bats are leather. They are typical inhabitants of urban buildings and are distributed over a vast territory, including all continents except Antarctica. With the onset of winter, the leathers migrate from the northern territories, flying like birds, to the south. And there they hibernate in caves, attics and other secluded places.


Cards, on which you can perform several tasks. 1. Invite the child to take a card with a favorite animal and choose from the rest of the cards those that show what he eats. For example, a fox eats eggs, mice, hares, snails, lizards, beetles. 2. Invite the child to find and make different food chains - who eats whom. For example, "grain-mouse-hedgehog". By the way, animals hibernate not only from the cold, but also from the heat. In addition to winter, there is also summer hibernation. Those animals that cannot maintain the body temperature they need in conditions of high temperature and drought fall into it. These are some fish and amphibians, as well as mammals. For example, the African hedgehog and tenrec (Madagascar insectivorous animal). The sandy ground squirrel, which lives in Central Asia, Kazakhstan and the Volga region, also falls into hibernation in the month of June from the heat. The most amazing thing is that his summer hibernation without interruption turns into winter! And he wakes up only in February-April. That is, this gopher does not sleep only 2-4 months a year!

Sleep is different.

Very few animals sleep in a deep sleep that cannot be interrupted by anything: these are bats, hedgehogs, ground squirrels, hamsters, jerboas, dormouse, marmots. Are you familiar with the expression "Sleep like a groundhog"? So they say precisely because it is almost impossible to bring a groundhog out of hibernation. In such a deep hibernation, the animal's metabolism decreases, the temperature drops to near zero (from +5 to -2 in ground squirrels, according to some reports), the heart begins to beat almost 10 times less than usual, the respiratory rate decreases 40 times. All this is necessary in order for the animal to spend as little energy as possible. It is like a computer or a phone that "goes" into standby mode, lives in economy mode. This state is actually called true hibernation.

Thus, we can conclude that hibernation is needed by animals as a seasonal adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Some animals switch to other food, while others hibernate.

Task: Look at the picture with the winter forest and find all the animals on it. Which one is hibernating? (In order for the picture to open in full size, it must be opened in a new window by "clicking" on it with the right mouse button). If desired, this picture can be printed and given to the child to color.

Why do you think animals hibernate?

\r\nNot all creatures can continue to be active with the onset of cold weather. For others, such a phenomenon as hibernation helps not to die of starvation. Some hibernating animals even experience a period of pregnancy, the offspring are reproduced into the world after this process.\r\n\r\nDuring such a period, the animal's body temperature drops significantly (in individual cases, it rises or falls a little, like a brown bear), and their body uses the resources accumulated during the warm period.\r\n\r\n \r\n

\r\nFirst of all, animals such as bears fall into winter sleep (at this time their body temperature varies around zero degrees Celsius, but the body produces such energy resources to return the animal to a full life), raccoons, badgers, hedgehogs, horseshoe bats (sleep hiding under their wings).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMost often representatives of mammals fall into such a "sleep": rodents, marsupials, some lemurs (although for a long time it was believed that primates they do not hibernate in winter, as it turned out, the small dwarf lemur hibernates for 7 months out of twelve), marsupials.\r\n\r\nIt is a mistake to believe that birds can be hibernating, with the exception of birds by the characteristic name of dremlyugi. In the absence of parents, swift chicks also make up this exception. For a long time, it was also believed that the giant shark spends the winter period in this way. But it turned out that this creature simply moves through the depths of the ocean in search of a more suitable place to feed. But such fish as ruff, sturgeon, carp and perch prefer to go to the deepest points of the water. They wake up closer to the onset of heat, approximately in April, when the water temperature reaches approximately ten degrees above zero.\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nBats after hibernation have, in the truest sense of the word, to freeze. Their body temperature at this time can reach -5 degrees.\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nThe frogs burrow deep into the ground or under fallen leaves. The animal is interesting in that its heart stops beating, just as, with the onset of heat, it acquires a familiar rhythm.\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nHedgehogs are the most heat-loving representatives of the fauna, they come out of hibernation later than anyone else, closer to mid-March. They endure the cold extremely painfully, so, without having time to “stock up” with a sufficient amount of fat and necessary substances, the hedgehog can die without waiting for its awakening.

Hibernation (hibernation) is a slowdown in vital processes and metabolism for a certain period of time. At the same time, body temperature decreases, breathing and pulse slow down, nervous activity and other body processes are inhibited.

It is difficult for many animals to get their own food in winter and they choose this way of survival in order to make it to warm days. Before hibernation, they feed with a vengeance, thus accumulating the energy they need during hibernation.

Winter hibernation of animals is a perfect way invented by nature to save their offspring from conditions that are unusual for their normal life.

There are a lot of animals that hibernate in winter. Most of them live in a temperate climate characterized by warm summers and cold winters, during which it is difficult for them to find food. Some of them will be discussed below.

Bear

The most famous representative of the animal world that hibernates in winter is the bear. It should be noted that his hibernation is considered shallow. It's more of a snooze. Its body temperature does not become as low as in other animals that are in true hibernation. The same goes for his heartbeat. This means that if you try to touch him in this state, he can wake up very quickly and immediately begin to fight. Bears are animals that hibernate in winter, do not lose their orientation in space and time.

However, bears can remain in this state without touching food or water for up to seven months. This becomes possible thanks to the fat accumulated over the summer, the layer of which can reach 15 cm. In the summer, a bear does not just eat food, it brutally overeats. This process is somewhat reminiscent of fattening a pig, and is also equal to 30 full meals eaten per day by a person.

hedgehog

Hedgehogs are engaged in active life from 4 to 7 months, dividing this period into three stages: awakening, reproduction of offspring, preparation for long hibernation. With the onset of cold weather, they hibernate. The main reason for this phenomenon for hedgehogs is a lack of food, a secondary one is cold. They do not stockpile food for the winter as they feed on insects. Therefore, they have to stock up on fat in the summer season, and hibernate in the winter. In addition, their thermoregulation is imperfect, which leads to the need for prolonged winter stupor.

Gophers

Gophers in terms of hibernation are animals that are in a state of torpor for the longest time, to be more precise, up to nine months a year. Moreover, the cyclical nature of their stay in this state is noted. A short active period of life alternates with a long stupor, after which active life activity begins again. It is replaced by prolonged hibernation, etc. This feature of their body is hereditary.

frogs

Frogs, in comparison with animals that hibernate or are in a stupor, can be in a state of deeper suppression of vital activity - in suspended animation. At the same time, their metabolism slows down as much as possible, and survival is carried out at the expense of internal energy reserves. Depending on the variety, frogs can hibernate in a hole they dug, in crevices that they themselves fill with leaves, and also at the bottom of reservoirs.

The bats

Bats in winter, having found a suitable shelter, fall into a stupor for 7-8 months. Their sleep is interrupted every 2-3 weeks by awakenings to seek a warmer shelter and matchmaking, since winter for these animals is the period of reproduction.

Animals that hibernate also include rodents, Australian echidnas, Chilean opossums, hamsters, dormice, chipmunks, and badgers.

I think that even my smallest readers know that there are animals that sleep all winter. These are a bear and a badger, a hedgehog and a turtle, snakes and frogs. Insects also sleep in winter (remember, last year we already got an answer to the question, where do flies hibernate?), And rodents, and many fish. But the hare does not sleep. And the deer does not sleep. So why do some animals need to sleep in the winter, while others do not? Today we will deal with this.
Many children (and adults too) believe that animals sleep in winter to wait out the cold. This is only partly true. Of course, there are cold-blooded animals - these are animals that cannot maintain their body temperature themselves. In order to lead an active lifestyle, they need heat to come from outside. Such animals include reptiles, amphibians, fish and all invertebrates: insects, mollusks, worms, etc. As soon as the air temperature drops to a certain point, they all hibernate.
But they are not the only ones sleeping. In winter, some warm-blooded animals also sleep: many rodents, hedgehogs, badgers, raccoons. And, of course, the most famous of the dormouse is the bear.
Exercise.
In this picture, I drew different animals. Ask the baby to name which of them are warm-blooded and which are cold-blooded. If everything depended only on the cold, then why doesn’t the polar bear sleep in the winter, although it lives in a much colder climate than the brown one? We have already studied why polar bears do not freeze in winter: they have a number of adaptations to keep warm. But after all, the brown bear also has its own adaptations in order not to freeze. Moreover, he is not much warmer to sleep than not to sleep. After all, bears sleep in winter not only in closed dens dug in the ground (which are called unpaved), but they also use riding dens, i.e. simply pits in which they sleep right under the snow. And they must be cold there.
So, something else besides the cold, in winter, makes animals hibernate. And what else distinguishes winter from other seasons, except for the low air temperature? The lack of vegetation. There is no grass, no berries, no flowers, no green leaves. Therefore, herbivores that fed mainly on them experience great nutritional difficulties.
Ask the child what kind of wild animals does he know (domestic animals are not considered here, because people take care of their food), which feed on vegetation? These are deer, moose, roe deer, wild boars and other ungulates. These are many types of birds and fish. These are rodents. And if large herbivores can somehow get their own food: digging it out from under the snow, switching to eating branches and bark of plants, moss, etc., then small animals cannot live without plants. That is why they go into hibernation. In winter, many rodents sleep: ground squirrels, hamsters, marmots, dormouse.
And since in winter there is not only vegetation, but also small rodents, frogs, worms, mollusks and other small living creatures, as well as insects, then there is nothing to eat for animals that fed on them: many birds, hedgehogs, shrews, bats, badgers, raccoons - striped and bears. And they have to either move to warmer climes where insects do not sleep (as birds do), or hibernate (as hedgehogs do). And some do it at the same time: for example, insectivorous bats are leather. They are typical inhabitants of urban buildings and are distributed over a vast territory, including all continents except Antarctica. With the onset of winter, the leathers migrate from the northern territories, flying like birds, to the south. And there they hibernate in caves, attics and other secluded places.
They can complete several tasks. 1. Invite the child to take a card with a favorite animal and choose from the rest of the cards those that show what he eats. For example, a fox eats eggs, mice, hares, snails, lizards, beetles. 2. Invite the child to find and make different food chains - who eats whom. For example, "grain-mouse-hedgehog". By the way, animals hibernate not only from the cold, but also from the heat. In addition to winter, there is also summer hibernation. Those animals that cannot maintain the body temperature they need in conditions of high temperature and drought fall into it. These are some fish and amphibians, as well as mammals. For example, the African hedgehog and tenrec (Madagascar insectivorous animal). The sandy ground squirrel, which lives in Central Asia, Kazakhstan and the Volga region, also falls into hibernation in the month of June from the heat. The most amazing thing is that his summer hibernation without interruption turns into winter! And he wakes up only in February-April. That is, this gopher does not sleep only 2-4 months a year!
Sleep is different.
Very few animals sleep in a deep sleep that cannot be interrupted by anything: these are bats, hedgehogs, ground squirrels, hamsters, jerboas, dormouse, marmots. Are you familiar with the expression "Sleep like a groundhog"? So they say precisely because it is almost impossible to bring a groundhog out of hibernation. In such a deep hibernation, the animal's metabolism decreases, the temperature drops to near zero (from +5 to -2 in ground squirrels, according to some reports), the heart begins to beat almost 10 times less than usual, the respiratory rate decreases 40 times. All this is necessary in order for the animal to spend as little energy as possible. It is like a computer or a phone that "goes" into standby mode, lives in economy mode. This state is actually called true hibernation. Thus, we can conclude that hibernation is needed by animals as a seasonal adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Some animals switch to other food, while others hibernate.

18.02.2014 10:12:31,

The apartment is always warm. Animals and birds do not experience cold and behave differently than in nature. Chipmunk, dormouse, gopher, hedgehog do not hibernate, remain active throughout the winter season. Of course, this is reflected in the life expectancy of animals in captivity: they quickly age. It is better to give a hedgehog, a gopher, a chipmunk a short period of hibernation. Put the box in a cool (no more than five degrees Celsius) place, insulate their nest, and they will fall asleep for a while.

Indeed, in nature, when a cold wind rolls low snow with a piercing whistle, and dense snow turns into hard crust, animals and birds that do not sleep suffer greatly from hunger. It is difficult to find food on snow-covered ground. Here are some who have adapted to endure hunger in a dream.

Once an old hazel stump was uprooted. They brought him from the mountains to the village. They carried a lot before sawing it in two, and inside it was a hollow. It wasn't empty. A gray dormouse with large black eyes and a fluffy tail was fast asleep, hiding from the December cold. She slept so soundly that she did not hear how the tree was uprooted, sawn.

What is hibernation? What animals hibernate and how do those who do not have this property hibernate?

Cold-blooded - toads, frogs, lizards - with the onset of cold weather burrow into the silt, clog deeper into holes, cracks, empty niches underground. They clog and freeze for the whole winter.

Their hibernation is not surprising. More mysterious is the hibernation of warm-blooded animals - birds and animals. In the waking state, a decrease in body temperature in warm-blooded animals by several degrees causes death. In hibernation, their body cools down to 10-15 degrees, the heart contracts only once or twice a minute, but the animals do not die.

Is it only the cold that causes hibernation? Then how to explain the summer hibernation?

Desert. Around the scorching heat, everything burned out. Only dry, red stems of saltwort and wormwood stick out on the slopes of the foothills. Sand dunes breathe fire, the plains cracked. How to live? This is where you have to save yourself from summer hibernation. Turtles burrow deeper into the ground. At a depth of 1 meter, the temperature fluctuates slightly. There they can live without food for up to eight months. Climb into holes and gophers. You won't find them from mid-summer until next March.

Hiding in the mud and fish. Tench, crucian carp, loach and others fall into hibernation and remain with barely noticeable signs of life until the autumn days. Crocodiles in Africa and South America fall into hibernation.

It turns out that hibernation is a special reaction of the animal's body to adverse living conditions.

Many mammals meet the winter fully armed. They diligently store food. Starting from August and until late autumn, mice carry supplies to their shelters - baby, field, forest and brownies, squirrels and chipmunks. Selected grain, the best nuts, seeds of plants, berries, mushrooms are hidden by animals in underground chambers, in dry hollows and regale on these reserves in the cold.

The wolf, fox, corsac, jackal do not store food. Unbeknownst to themselves, they put on a new "fur coat" for the winter. It is she who saves them from the cold during the hours of hunting and transitions. And during the rest, predators climb into holes and lairs - it is warmer there.

Badgers, bears, raccoon dogs, jerboas store fat for the winter. By autumn they become gluttonous. It is fat deposits that are the main "food" for these animals during hibernation. In their free time from baiting, they deepen and clean their holes, preparing the place for the long winter night.

But there are nomadic animals. With the onset of cold weather, they change their habitats. For example, most birds fly away from hungry and cold places. Some roam nearby, others fly to tropical countries, but in the spring they return to their nesting sites.

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