Project "Environmental Problems on the Woodworking Workshop IP Veselova S.M.." Environmental problems of the forest industry
Analysis of woodworking development
According to the State Statistics Committee of Russia for 2007, the volume of wood production, woodworking services and the production of wood products increased by 6.2%, compared to 2006. However, in 2008, negative moments related to the beginning of the global economic crisis began to be influenced by the market. In 2008, logging volumes fell by 22%, in the furniture production segment, demand fell by 25-30%, and in the segment of woodworking and sawing by 40-50%.
According to estimates of the Ministry of Agriculture since 2009, the volume of forest harvesting in Russia will decrease. Small and medium enterprises will suffer strongest. A serious decline is expected in the forestry industry, which is today the most technologically undeveloped. In 2009, I revealed a tendency of a noticeable fall of the market of woodworking equipment, in particular, to reduce the sales volume of woodworking machines. The market narrowed significantly, respectively, the volume of orders for the repair of woodworking equipment decreased. Also the volume of orders for woodworking products from enterprises related industries also fell.
In 2009, the dynamics of the fall in the volume of production in woodworking slowed down in comparison with the fourth quarter of 2008. In almost all product groups, the monthly increase in production and an increase in the level of capacity utilization by 10-25% were noted. According to the ministry, woodworking and production of products from wood in the first quarter of 2009 decreased by 29% compared with the same period of 2008, according to cellulosen and paper production; Publishing and printing activity - by 16.6%, logging - by 10.4%.
By reducing the demand and prices for the goods of the woodworking industry in many enterprises, the production and shipment of products has been suspended. In the first half of 2009, compared with the corresponding period of 2008, the production of solid wood fiber plates was significantly reduced (by 39.8%), plywood (by 36.2%), chipboard (by 30.9%), sawn timber (22, 4%), the production of wooden building structures (by 26.9%).
The fall in production volumes on pulp and paper enterprises in the first quarter of 2009 amounted to 12.5%.
The fall in the domestic market is also associated with a decrease in the share of import equipment for woodworking. According to the price indicators, representatives of the largest manufacturers of the instrument note the regrouping of the demand of consumers from the segments of high and medium in the segment below the average.
Problems of development of woodworking
Woodworking is one of the promising industries. This is due to the main geography of our country, and a huge amount of forest arrays in its territory, as well as the opportunity russian forests To self-recovery and continuous replenishment of resources. What it follows that this industry is one of the most in need of qualified development.
Woodworking in Russia can bring huge income under the proper development system. For her, it is vital both new equipment and more qualified personnel. Indeed, for Russia, in which 25% of world stocks of wood resources are geographically located, 2% in the woodworking market is negligible. But also in other markets associated with the wood, Russia, although much loses to many countries, but it has quite large as inner (about $ 2 - 2.5 billion) and the external (about $ 4 billion) market capacity. But the internal and external woodworking market has different basic orientation. Most of the external market capacity - 47% occupies a timber that is called unprocessed. This is a round forest, balance wood, as well as a sawmaker. In the inner market prevails, occupying more than 50%, the production of lumber such as plywood (40%) and Fiberboard slabs, chipboard, and MDF (10%).
For the dynamic development of this industry, first of all, it is necessary to improve labor productivity, more automate it, create new equipment databases that will allow more effectively and fully use the natural resources of our country.
The weak pace of development of the domestic woodworking industry is mainly associated with low production efficiency and lack of investment. The sale of woodworking equipment in many ways depends on how the housing market will develop.
Due to the seasonal factor, perhaps some revival of the market. With the beginning of the construction and dacha season, according to experts, the positive dynamics of the sawn timber and woodworking equipment in the lower price segment are expected.
Negative dynamics are due not only by the objective consequences of the economic crisis. Many experts call the cause of falling outdated woodworking technologies and a small amount of deep redistribution used in production.
Today, it is more profitable for the business owner of the business in the technical update of its enterprises, and use the woodworking equipment used, periodically conducting staff repair. However, the light at the end of the tunnel is visible, innovation is all active in woodworking enterprises.
Most russian companies We develop strategies for preserving the share in the market and make technological adjustments to production in accordance with the ever-changing market requirements. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of sawmill is the concentration and specialization of sawmill production, commissioning of new technologies of woodworking.
The technical level of sawmill production will be increased by creating and implementing new equipment, the input of optimal methods for cutting lumber. The following activities are scheduled in this direction:
1. Mechanization of unloading and sorting raw materials before sawing in diameters and quality;
2. Replacing sawmill frames and cutting machines of obsolete models new;
3. Implementation of the line of aggregate processing logs with a diameter of up to 24 cm;
4. The use of package-forming lines, high-performance drying chambers, lines of brewing and sorting of sawn timber;
5. Further development of the batch method of transportation of materials;
6. Recycling of waste to technological raw materials and short-acting lumber on glued layered wood and rapidly developing biofuels (pellets) recently.
In the plywood industry, the main efforts are aimed at improving labor productivity, expanding the range and improved product quality. To do this, it should be wider to apply thermal processing of raw materials in open pools; Plywood gluing technology with pre-cold subressive packages; an increase in the floors of hot presses from 15 to 25; lines ham and cutting raw materials; assembly lines and plywood bonding; roller gas drying chambers with nozzle blowing; Mechanization of warehouse work.
Further development of the DSP production will go along the way to increase the technological level and an increase in the capacity of existing factories; Modernization of hot presses and increase their floors; intensification of the technological process by increasing the temperature of the plates of the press; the introduction of the technology for refining the surface of the plates with a layer of thin-resistant fiber masses and painting compositions; Improvement of dry and wet technologies for the production of plates that meet the requirements of wooden panel house-building.
The house building will have to develop new design elements of houses, characterized by manufacturing and finishing, create and implement technology and equipment for industrial manufacturing and finishing elements of panel wooden houses. In addition, it is necessary to create atmospheric, bio and fire-resistant structural and facing materials based on chopped wood, as well as thermal insulation materials.
Technical re-equipment of furniture production will be carried out by improving the design system and increasing furniture technological; further concentration of production, deepening technological specialization and intersectoral cooperation; improvement of technology and the introduction of promising technological processes on the basis of new types of materials; Complex mechanization and automation of production processes.
Technological specialization will develop in the direction of creating and expanding the combines of furniture parts specializing in the production of both shield, bar and glued parts and glass-mirrors, soft and decorative elements, stripping fabrics, etc.
The introduction of chemical materials will increase the level of chemicalization of the furniture industry, which will reduce the consumption of massive wood, planed veneer, plywood.
An increase in the level of integrated use of raw materials related to the use of wood waste for industrial purposes will also allow these valuable materials for other needs of the national economy.
Of the foregoing, it can be concluded that the decisive condition for the further development of the forest and woodworking industry is an increase in labor productivity based on accelerating scientific and technological progress. We must strive for an increase in labor productivity, to a decrease in the cost of production.
Technical progress should go towards creating and applying new, more productive and waste-free methods of woodworking technology, creating new types of designs of manufactured machines, mechanisms and instruments, the use of more modern productive equipment, including robots and machinery control machines, mechanization of production processes, The introduction of the scientific organization of labor and production.
With school benches we hear (But, unfortunately, do not always be aware) that many forests are good, and their cutting is bad, so you need to take waste.
However, deforestation, i.e., the use of primary raw materials, does not exhaust the entire list of environmental problems of the forest industry, which includes logging, woodworking, pulp and paper.
Similarly, it does not solve all these problems secondary: cellulose, sawdust, etc. We offer to consider in more detail some "problematic" aspects of the interaction of the forest industry with the environment.
Losses of wood raw materials during harvesting and processing
Resource saving suggests both a decrease in forest waste industry and reduced losses due to improper storage, transportation. Unqualing of potential secondary raw materials can be found to losses. For example, when a common sorting logging, waste remains on the cutter.Outdated technologies make recycling of the logging industry financially costly, although such raw materials in some countries are actively used in bioenergy.
What to do? Use modern technologiesSuppose to maximize waste to the industrial cycle (as an option, use combined logging technologies), focus on the experience of companies that position their production as an environmental and resource-saving.
Significant water consumption
Sure, we are talking About enterprises of the pulp and paper complexwhich are one of the water-intensive industries of the national economy. For the production of 1 white sheet of paper familiar for us, the A4 format requires 10 liters of water.
Subsequently, the same water, in the form of drains, returns to the natural environment, but with a markedly degraded composition. The source of pollution is the same - the use of chlorproducts so that the paper has become snow-white; Cooking wood sulfite, sulphate.
What to do?First, do not forget about the waste paper, since the processing of 1 ton of this raw material makes it possible to save 20 thousand liters of water. Secondly, to introduce technologies where the closed water circulation system is used. Thirdly, switch to non-altitude production technology.
Note that in some countries, the ecoimage, which is sometimes formed to the detriment of quality, allows you to earn more. Unfortunately, in Russia, so far this is not observed, the reason for this is the absence of an environmental consciousness in the domestic consumer.
Continuing the topic of use and pollution of water, go to the woodworking industry ( furniture industry, production of tree fiber plates, plywood and others), which, like pulp and paper, "gives out" wastewater large quantity harmful substances.
All impurities in the wastewater of woodworking complexes can be divided into: suspensions, emulsions (water purple from them), colloidal solutions (they are guided in a change in water color), molecular solutions (change taste qualities Water, its smell), ion solutions that cause excessive mineralization of water. Due to industry, water pollution is observed both physical and chemical, biological, thermal.
Heated wastewater , Providing in the reservoirs excessive heat, adversely affect the flora and fauna, which leads to the death of certain types. Where do these warm drains come from? From the workshops for the production of fiberboard and chipboard, glued plywood and from any enterprises of the industry, where there are boiler rooms.
What to do?Scientific and technical progress offers modern sewage treatment plants, and the motivation for entrepreneurs to their acquisition should be awareness that the planet we have one and all of us to live on it.
Nevertheless, this problem can not be deleted from our list, even though it all knows about it. The fact that the trees are the light of our planet, it is not a secret. It is not a mystery and that forests can be renewed, however, due to wood harvesting, indigenous forests are replaced by secondary, and they are most often less productive, so again it will have to expand the area of \u200b\u200blogging in the future.
Ecology problems are not always connected with the scale of cutting forests sometimes they are hidden in ways of cutting. For example, selective cutting brings less environmental damage, but it is more costly financially.
What to do? Yet it is better not to stop the search for a worthy alternative to wood and do not forget about secondary processing. Develop and implement the concept of forest management, which would be based on the balance of "cutting-restoration" of forests and stock of wood.
Probably it is impossible to find an industry that would not harm the environment; Just some production are more destructive for ecology, some less.
Since we, people, can not refuse industrial complexes, must minimize the negative impact on nature, in the context of the forest industry, it is not so difficult, because the forests are still resources that can be restored, but pollution from such an industry can also be reduced , if you use the achievements of NTP.
Watch the video: Far East Russia: the development of environmentally sustainable forest industry
Forest and woodworking industry are one of the oldest economy of the Russian Federation. They are distinguished by a rather complex structure. The forest and woodworking industry is an industrial complex associated with the harvesting and processing of lumber.
General
Conditionally spheres of the forest industry can be divided into four categories. They, in particular, include the chemical industry - the production of turpentor, coal. The complex includes pulp and paper and woodworking industry. As part of the first chemical processing of lumber, the manufacture of paper, cardboard and other things. Woodworking industry includes a complex various events. They are associated with mechanical and chemical-mechanical processing. The most common sectors of the woodworking industry are the production of sawn timber, manufacturing plates and furniture. The fourth group includes a complex on the harvesting of raw materials.
Woodworking industry in Russia: specializations
As it was said above, this complex includes measures for mechanical and chemical-mechanical processing of material. There are various professions of the woodworking industry. For example, mechanical processing is carried out by machine-drawers of various specializations. To them, in particular, belong:
Machines need to know technology, device and setting up the machine and GOST, be able to read the schemes and drawings. Regulation, adjustment and repair of equipment is carried out by adjusters. On advanced enterprises, semi-automatic machines and automata machines work. Recycling is carried out without people's participation. Several machines are connected to the technological lines. Billets on such conveyors are accepted and served from the machine to the machine with special loading and unloading automatic mechanisms. On such lines, workers are equipment operators. Joiner's specialized specializations are sufficient: a furnitureman, a favieker, grinding, a collector and others.
Historical reference
The woodworking industry of Russia exists long. As an industrial complex, it was formed at the beginning of the 18th century. The greatest intensity in the development of the woodworking industry reached the mid-19th century. Along with the sawing of the material, the factory manufacture of furniture, matching straws and glued plywood appeared. So from 1900 to 1913, the domestic volume of the production of sawn timber increased from 7.7 to 14.2 million cubic meters. Nevertheless, despite such growth, the woodworking industry was technically on a relatively low level, lagging behind some developed countries, especially in the field of the manufacture of complex products. Three quarters of the cost of products in the pre-revolutionary period were lumber. In 1914-1918, a relatively large and well-equipped enterprises of the woodworking industry were formed before the First World War. This, in particular, plants in Onega, Arkhangelsk.
Development of the Woodworking Industry in the USSR
During the pre-war five-year periods from 1929 to 1940, progress was associated directly with increasing facilities, furniture, engineering and other production, as well as the production of wide consumption products. The woodworking industry, whose enterprises began to form almost everywhere, began to actively develop. Thus, specialized factories for the production of window bakes and doors were built. This, in particular, Lopatinsky, Bobruisk, Yelshansky and other combines. Finishing and match factories were formed, house-building combines with automated production. Specialized building courtyards (utility plants) were created on large sites.
World Crisis 2008-2009
He had a very negative impact on the Russian economy. This is confirmed by statistical calculations, in accordance with which production in different fields suffered significant losses. The woodworking industry was the woodworking industry in a rather complex position. In many factories and combines, a wave of abbreviations, thousands of employees remained without work. In connection with the crisis in European countries, the export of wood has significantly decreased. Consequently a large number of Warehouses were overwhelmed by unclaimed goods. In the sectors of the Woodworking Industry of the Russian Federation, production volumes decreased.
Positive aspects of crisis
Nevertheless, despite the decline in volumes, the manufacture of material for journals and books, cardboard, the plates not only did not decrease, but also increased. Established and sector engaged in the production of furniture. This products are regularly coming from hotels, restaurants, offices and other enterprises. It should be said that the crisis had not only negative, but also a positive effect. In particular, during this period a competitive struggle increased, at the expense of which the quality of products increased. In addition, the level of service began to be given much more attention. This benefited not only to consumers, but also to manufacturers. Due to the fact that the woodworking industry strongly depends on the state in which the global market remains, a large amount of time is leaving for restoration.
Modern realities
Today is celebrated active development woodworking industry. This sphere is located on one of the highest steps in the state economy. This is due to the fact that at all times of its existence, this sector produced a large amount of products that brought big income. Russia accounts for a quarter of all forest reserves of the world. Stimulating the processing of raw materials at the state level will contribute to the acceleration of progress in this sector. Today is the task of increasing economic potential. Separate attention is paid to the introduction of innovative technologies. The increase and improvement of the production process in the Selenginsky CCC is scheduled. Equally important is the use of the latest equipment, which allows the use of raw materials comprehensively and minimizing costs. The adjustments and the structure of the sector are scheduled. Before combines and plants, the task of more accelerated development is set.
Important changes
To date, the quality of wood products has improved significantly. This contributed to the improvement of funds and methods of processing. At the same time, the cost of the final product decreased. An important value has a change in the geography of the industry. Previously, developed countries have been engaged in logging, and today states act as suppliers that have not yet reached this level, although they do not produce ready-made products on their own.
Sector problems
The characteristic features of the woodworking industry in Russia and other countries are the active development and alleged prospects. This, in turn, provokes poaching and uncontrolled deforestation. As a result, the area of \u200b\u200bgreen plantings is significantly reduced. Environmentalists call on the state to pay attention to this problem by taking it under careful control. Every year in the forest industry, a billet is carried out about 0.5 billion tons of biological mass. From this volume in production only fourth. Not used bark, bunny, needles. Finished products are made only from 11% of raw materials.
In addition, the forestry industry has encountered the following difficulties:
- Uncontrolled increase in the cost of fuel.
- Problems of logistics and transport. This also includes the commercialization of enterprises serving the forest and woodworking industry, which caused an increase in the final price of products.
- Problems of regulation of rental relations, as well as the organization of auctions on the right of lease of green space in terms of the legislative framework.
- The lack of a competent methodology for the selection of investment projects in the sector of the timber industry complex.
- Inconsistency with foreign states on a regulatory and legal basis regulating foreign economic relations.
Research project " Ecological problems On the woodworking workshop IP Velova S.M.
View the contents of the document
"Project"
MKOU "Soligalish average comprehensive school»
Soligalsky municipal district of the Kostroma region
Project
«
Russian Federation, Kostroma region, city Soligalich
MKOU "Soligalsky School"
Scientific Director: Yusova Svetlana Leonidovna Biology teacher MKOU "Soligalish School",
2013
Environmental problems on woodworking shop
IP Veselova Sergey Mikhailovich "
Russian Federation of MKOU "Soligalyskaya Sosh"
Soligali municipal district
6 "in" class.
Annotation:
Purpose: find out how woodworking workshop pollutes environmentHow to fight this pollution.
Tasks:
Find out which technique produces waste and pollutes the environment;
Find out, a lot of waste produces an enterprise;
Find out how the company is fighting with it.
Methods: Search, analytical, observation.
attachment
Information sources:
Documents on ecology from the enterprise,
internet: http: //gendocs.ru/v38816/? CC \u003d 8, http://www.nevecologist.ru/ecologs-3280-1.html, http://www.masters.donntu.edu.ua/2007 /Feht/brushchenko/library/libk3.htm, http: //xn-----6kccab4aj5am3addjehmk3a.xn--p1ai/articles/dym_i_go_vliyanie_na_heloveka/.
Environmental problems on woodworking shop
IP Veselova Sergey Mikhailovich "
Veselova Alexander Sergeevna
Soligali municipal district
6 "in" class
Problem:What environmental problems brings woodworking shop
IP Veselova Sergey Mikhailovich.
The relevance of the problem:
Live, clean nature - the world that surrounds us and must surround. There were many enterprises that pollute nature. Piloram is one of these industrial plants. With the permission of the head of the enterprise Veselova S.M., I conducted observation in the woodworking shop, found out what environmental problems arise at this enterprise, as it affects the health of people in nature, how to deal with pollution, which benefit is the enterprise.
Search for information:
I love nature. It becomes very offensive to me that with nature do it: throw garbage straight, leave dirt. And I touched this topic: ecology. Began to make a project ...
Data processing:
Collected information and watched production, after analyzing the results found out how an enterprise affects the environment, which brings benefits
Research:
With the help of documents provided to me.
Observation of production.
Output:
After a long observation, I realized that enterprises - for pure nature.
Environmental problems on woodworking shop
IP Veselova Sergey Mikhailovich "
Veselova Alexander Sergeevna
Russian Federation, MKOU "Soligalsky School"
Soligali municipal district
6 "in" class
Research Article
1. Place the location and history of the woodworking enterprise.
The company was formed in 2003, based on the liquidated enterprise "Lronzavod" in the village of Lronzavod of the Soligalsky district. The sawmaking shop is in the production building (application), which consists of household and industrial premises equipped with woodworking equipment. In 2008, the boiler house was attached and the drying chambers (application) were attached.
The wood processing workshop produces a lumber, which is used for the repair, construction of buildings and structures, both in personal and industrial farm (Alp). Waste production:
3. Environmental damage caused by the company.
In the process of activity of the enterprise, the following waste is formed: distilled mercury lamps - mercury lamps due to the release of mercury vapors strongly affect humans. Fluorescent lamps contain mercury pairs. An essential part of these vapors is associated with a phosphor powder, which is poured when the lamp is broken. This powder should be thoroughly assembled and throw away, ventilate the room, buy a new lamp and handle it carefully. I do not think that you need to raise demarization about this, mercury in the lamp is a bit and it is not in the metal phase, that is, evaporate after cleaning the fragments will be there. All harm has already been held in the process of breaking the lampused to illuminate the enterprise; garbage from household premises; bark waste; Sawdust formed with loose brica. High draining the ability of sawdust. One part of them can hold 4-5 parts of water. With this reception it is not difficult to significantly reduce the damage from the flood, to prevent flooding of the beds. In the spring, they fill with sawdust any raw low places so that it was possible to walk everywhere and before starting land work. Against harmful insects, sawdust also "work." For example, they are brought from the Colorado beetle. Fresh sawdusts produce resinous substances that scare the pest. But over the summer you have to update the sawdust in mezhas 2-3 times. After a year, we change the beds and potato metals in places. Thick layer mulch from autumn winter garlic And the trimming sowing. In the spring they are crying, so that shoots appear faster. In roast I. dry summer Fresh sawdust thanks to light painting well reflect the sun rays, saving the soil from overheating and excessive moisture evaporation. Small-free crops mulch thin layer. When storing chopped wood (sawdust) in a bunch, their self-ignition is possible. The temperature of self-ignition sawdust is close to 275 ° C. Explosion hazard can occur everywhere where there is a small and dry dry wood. Therefore, dry sawdust and wood dust are particularly dangerous in relation to fire and explosion. The conditions for the formation of an explosion are: a certain concentration of dust in the air; The presence of heat sources capable of ignoring the dust weighted in the air, as well as the accumulation of electrostatic charges, the presence of a sufficient amount of oxygen spent on the full combustion of the aerosmes. Wood dust has an outbreak temperature of 430 ° C and the temperature of self-ignition 775 ° C.
The minimum explosive concentration of wood dust in the air (lower explosion limit) 12.6 g / m3, and sawdust - 65 g / m3.
These data refer to the product having a humidity of 6.35%, and ash content is 5.4%. With increasing humidity, the indicators increase, and with a decrease in ash, decrease.
At high temperature, polymers produce volatile gaseous substances that affect the respiratory organs, the central nervous system and other human bodies. The concentration of volatile substances and the degree of their impact on a person depends on the processing temperature, the effectiveness of the operation of the supply and exhaust ventilation, the exposure time of harmful vapors on the human body. Long inhalation of dust Causes leukocytosis and changes in the lungs. When inhalation of destruction products may irritate the conjunctivities of the eyes and the upper respiratory tract.
HORNE; Waste from abrasive materials in the form of dust formed when sharpening saws; The ash wood formed during the burning of wood waste in the boiler room for the heated places and drying chambers. Wood ash is a good potash and phosphoric fertilizer for acidic or neutral soils. In addition to potassium and phosphorus, which are in Ash in an easily accessible plant form, the ash contains calcium, magnesium, iron, sulfur, and zinc, as well as many microelements needed vegetables, perennials, as well as fruit and decorative trees.
The ash does not contain chlorine, so it is well used under plants, negatively react to chlorine.You can not use ash from garbage, painted or treated wood, coal. Such an ash may contain potentially hazardous chemicals and heavy metals.
It also produces emissions of pollutants into atmospheric air in the form: nitrogen, nitrogen oxide, soot, carbon oxide, suspended substances.
Nitrogen oxide (I)
Smoke is a mixture of air and combustion products, the most toxic of which are hydroxide and carbon dioxide. Finding into the blood with inhaled air, these substances very quickly replace oxygen, causing oxygen starvation of all organs and systems. Several inhales of carbon monoxide can lead to the loss of the consciousness and death of a person.
The air is necessary for a person for breathing. It plays a big role in the heat exchange processes of its body. Adverse air changes can cause significant violations in the body: overheating or supercooling, hypoxia, the emergence of infectious and other diseases. The effect of the air environment per person occurs through climatic and weather factorswhich can also have an indirect effect on a person, changing the hygiene properties of housing, clothing, soil, etc.
The air is constantly contaminated, so there is a need for protection and constant sanitary control over its properties.
To reduce the influence of the resulting waste to the state of the medium, the Treaty for disposal and disposal with Delta LLC (lamps), IP "Barkova ON" (sawdust and waste of hill, bark), LLC "Communabler" (trash of household premises). As well as measures to clean the production areas, the cleaner structure on the pipe (application) was established from the garbage.
Output:
When working on a project, I found out that the company has a negative impact on the environment, on the health of people working in the enterprise. Sergey Mikhailovich Sergey Mikhailovich leader is doing everything possible to damage the nature and health of people to be minimal. The wood processing workshop benefits, as it produces a lumber, which is used for the repair, construction of buildings and structures, both in personal and industrial economy.
application
Wood-processing shop
Boiler room
Dryer
Waste finished products
Claims on pipes
View the contents of the presentation
"Project"
Environmental problems on woodworking shop
IP Veselova Sergey Mikhailovich
Russian Federation, Kostroma region, city Soligalich
MKOU "Soligal School"
Soligal municipal district
Scientific Director: Yusova Svetlana Leonidovna
biology teacher MKOU "Soligal School",
Annotation:
Purpose: Find out which pollution brings woodworking shop, how fighting with this pollution.
What technique produces waste and pollutes the environment;
Many whether the waste produces a company;
How does the enterprise fight with it.
Methods: Search, analytical, observation.
location and history of the woodworking enterprise,
the value of the enterprise for the city and people
environmental damage caused by the enterprise
environmental improvement measures
attachment.
Purpose:
find out how the woodworking workshop pollutes the environment, how to fight this pollution.
Tasks:
- What technique produces waste and pollutes the environment;
- a lot of waste produces an enterprise;
- How does the enterprise fight with it.
Methods: Search, analytical, observation.
- location and history of the woodworking enterprise,
- the value of the enterprise for the city and people
- environmental damage caused by the enterprise
- environmental improvement measures
- attachment.
Place the location and history of the woodworking enterprise.
The company was formed in 2003, based on the liquidated enterprise "Lronzavod" in the village of Lronzavod of the Soligalsky district.
The sawmaking shop is located in a production building, which consists of household and industrial premises equipped with woodworking equipment. In 2008, the boiler room was attached and dried cameras.
The value of the enterprise for the city and people.
- gorny - used for the heating of buildings, houses and enterprises,
2. Enterprise enterprise for the city and people.
The wood processing shop produces a lumber, which is used for the repair, construction of buildings and structures, both in personal and industrial economy. Waste production:
gorny - used for the heating of buildings, houses and enterprises,
sawdust - apply in agriculture in the fields, gardens,
wood ash - used as fertilizer, to improve the quality of agricultural land in the fields, gardens.
- sawdust - apply in agriculture in the fields, gardens,
- wood ash - used as fertilizer, to improve the quality of agricultural land in the fields, gardens.
Environmental damage caused by the company.
In the process of enterprise activities, the following waste is formed:
- distilled mercury lamps;
- garbage from household premises;
- bark waste;
- sawdust formed when loaf
- 1. Highly drying the ability of sawdust. One part of them can hold 4-5 parts of water. With this reception it is not difficult to significantly reduce the damage from the flood, to prevent flooding of the beds.
- 2. Missile filled with sawdust any raw low places so that you can walk everywhere and before starting land work.
- 3. The opposite of harmful insects sawdust also "work." For example, the colorado beetle is made in a broadcast. Fresh sawdusts produce resinous substances that scare the pest. But over the summer you have to update the sawdust in mezhas 2-3 times. After a year, we change the beds and potato metals in places.
- 4. From sawdust turns out excellent mulch.
- 5. In the roast and dry summer, fresh sawdust thanks to light color reflect the solar rays well, saving the soil from overheating and excessive moisture evaporation.
When storing chopped wood (sawdust) in a bunch, their self-ignition is possible. The temperature of self-ignition sawdust is close to 275 ° C. Explosion hazard can occur everywhere where there is a small and dry dry wood. Therefore, dry sawdust and wood dust are particularly dangerous in relation to fire and explosion. The conditions for the formation of an explosion are: a certain concentration of dust in the air; The presence of heat sources capable of ignoring the dust weighted in the air, as well as the accumulation of electrostatic charges, the presence of a sufficient amount of oxygen spent on the full combustion of the aerosmes.
- At high temperature, polymers produce volatile gaseous substances, affecting the respiratory organs, the central nervous system and other human organs. The concentration of volatile substances and the degree of their impact on a person depends on the processing temperature, the effectiveness of the operation of the supply and exhaust ventilation, the exposure time of harmful vapors on the human body. Long inhalation of dust causes leukocytosis and changes in the lungs. When inhalation of destruction products may irritate the conjunctivities of the eyes and the upper respiratory tract.
- ; HORNE; Waste from abrasive materials in the form of dust formed when sharpening saws; Hall wood formed when burning wood waste in boiler house for heated places and case chambers. Wood ash is a good potash and phosphoric fertilizer for acidic or neutral soils. In addition to potassium and phosphorus, which are in Ash in an easily accessible plant form, the ash contains calcium, magnesium, iron, sulfur, and zinc, as well as many microelements needed vegetables, perennials, as well as fruit and decorative trees. The ash does not contain chlorine, so it is well used under plants, negatively react to chlorine. You can not use ash from garbage, painted or treated wood, coal. Such an ash may contain potentially hazardous chemicals and heavy metals.
- It also produces emissions of pollutants into atmospheric air in the form: nitrogen, nitrogen oxide, soot, carbon oxide, suspended substances.
- This substance by weight of emissions ranks third after suspended substances and sulfur dioxide. In cities with a content of carbon oxide in atmospheric air 3.1 - 6.0 μg / m3, up to 4.7 million people live. The effect of high concentrations of carbon oxide leads to acute poisoning, with chronic effects there is an increase in the blood content of carboxygemoglobin, the change in psychomotor reactions in children and recently there have been information about the negative impact of this substance for the reproductive health of women. Chronic impact of carbon oxide leads to an increase in heart disease by persons over 65 years old and the increase in angina attacks in non-smoking patients.
- Nitrogen oxide (I) Forming mainly naturally, harmless to humans. It is a colorless gas with a weak odor and sweet taste. Inhalation of small amounts of N2O leads to a scattering of pain sensitivity, as a result of which this gas is sometimes used in a mixture with oxygen-based for anesthesia. However, in the course chemical reactions A significant part of NO turns into N2O - a much more dangerous compound. Inhalation of poisonous vapor nitrogen dioxide can lead to serious poisoning. There are a large number of diseases of the upper respiratory tract in the population, which has been exposed to high levels of nitrogen oxides
- People with chronic diseases of the respiratory tract (lung emphysema, asthma), as well as suffering from cardiovascular diseases, are more sensitive to direct effects of nitrogen oxides.
- Smoke is a mixture of air and combustion products, the most toxic of which are hydroxide and carbon dioxide. Finding into the blood with inhaled air, these substances very quickly replace oxygen, causing oxygen starvation of all organs and systems. Several inhales of carbon monoxide can lead to the loss of the consciousness and death of a person.
- The air is necessary for a person for breathing. It plays a big role in the heat exchange processes of its body. Adverse air changes can cause significant violations in the body: overheating or supercooling, hypoxia, the emergence of infectious and other diseases. The effect of the air environment per person occurs through climatic and weather factors that can also have an indirect effect on a person, changing the hygienic properties of housing, clothes, soil, etc.
- The air is constantly contaminated, so there is a need for protection and constant sanitary control over its properties.
- To reduce the influence of the resulting waste to the state of the medium, the Treaty for Disposal and Dumping were concluded, measures to clean the production areas from garbage were held, a cleaning structure was established for the pipe.
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