Composition-reasoning on the topic: "A moral person for me." What is morality and who is a moral person

ON THE. Nekrasov, as soon as he became a co-owner of the Sovremennik magazine, published his short and capacious work in the very first issue in 1847. It came out under the title "Moral Man" (Nekrasov). The history of the journal goes back to A.S. Pushkin.

Transformations of Sovremennik

When a new printed edition appeared in 1836, it appeared four times a year and was completely unprofitable, moreover, ruinous. By 1843 there was a perfect crisis. Its publisher, P.A. Pletnev, in 1846 finally "got rid of" him: he sold him to Nekrasov and Panaev.

And the magazine quickly became popular, because the best domestic writers, critics, and historians were involved in working with it. During this period, the poet, with a very deep share of satire, describes in his works his contemporary society: bribe-takers, careerists, swindlers. A striking example is the "Moral Man" (Nekrasov). The analysis of the poem, the behavior of its protagonist is the topic of our article.

satirical portrait

In four stanzas, ten lines each, the poet, as if from pieces of a mosaic, put together the image of his hero. This is a completely immoral type, which gave the name to the work - "Moral Man" (Nekrasov). We begin our analysis of the poem with the first stanza. It is absolutely impossible to live with such a boring, cowardly, perverse concept of morality, and proud of himself, a narcissistic type. His wife went on a date with a noble man, and the hero, staying with " with clean hands”, “sneaked” to them with the police. He prudently declined the duel. And the wife died in anguish. The moralist "did no harm to anyone in his life." In this case, he took advantage of public ethics.

Second episode

A friend did not repay the debt to our hero in a timely manner. How is this situation described in the work "The Moral Man" (Nekrasov)? Poem analysis can't get around given fact: The main character sent a friend to prison where the borrower died. The sensitive scoundrel wept after death, saying that he "did no harm to anyone in his life." He is absolutely convinced of this, since formally the civil code is on his side.

Third episode

Our "moral man" taught the serf peasant to be a wonderful cook. But the trouble is, he was carried away by reading and thinking. Can this be allowed? What did the protagonist of the work "Moral Man" (Nekrasov) do? An analysis of the poem cannot be carried out without an evaluation of this episode. The hero thought for a moment. He simply whipped a man who realized that he had his own dignity.

According to the "moral man", he is the master, and only he has the right to think - this is how the whole society argues, and no one will condemn him. After that, the serf could not live in humiliation and drowned himself. "Found foolishness," - commented on the death of the cook "paternally" acted scoundrel, who again repeats that "he did no harm to anyone in his life."

Last episode

His daughter fell in love with a simple teacher. Is connivance possible? She must be cursed for this and take advantage of the parent's right to dispose of the life and happiness of her daughter. A moral person, more precisely, a vile and nasty man in the street, quickly marries her to a rich old man: supposedly everyone does this, and he is no exception.

A year passes, and his child dies of longing and grief. But the "moral man" is fully convinced that he "did no harm to anyone in his life."

Artistic means of the author

How does Nekrasov build his poem (“The Moral Man”)? The verse is written mainly in iambic two-foot, which includes pyrrhic. The combination is complex, it has cross paragraphs and paired rhymes. But it is read easily, without tension, naturally, like breathing. In his work Nekrasov ("The Moral Man"), the verse consists of four numbered quatrains, each of which has ten stanzas.

The author does not use epithets, comparisons, metaphors, using colloquial speech which he is the first to boldly introduce into poetry. This gives worldly flavor to all the actions of the protagonist. His style is democratic. Bitter irony permeates the entire poem, since the artistic method is realism. The same refrain is repeated in every quatrain, drawing the reader's attention to the disgusting caricature that appears before us as an immoral cowardly egoist.

"Moral Man" (Nekrasov): Theme and Idea of ​​the Poem

The theme of the work was that time. The poet exposes everyone who hides under the mask of good manners and morality and does evil. He debunks every so-called decent person, showing meanness close-up, and speaks about it openly and without embellishment. The denunciation of a society consisting of petty people who consider themselves the pillars on which the state rests became the main idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe poem.

Is a compassionate person a moral person?

There are moments in every person's life when he faces a moral choice. The concept of morality is connected with the concepts of goodness. A moral person is a person who acts according to his conscience, not allowing lies, falsehood, injustice in relation to other people, the world around him, and animals.

Responsiveness is a quality of a person, which is characterized by a willingness to help others, to understand someone else's problem, to be kind to people. A responsive person will never stand aside if someone needs his help, he will be ready to help even if it does not bring him anything or if it does not turn out very well for him.

These two concepts have always excited the minds of people. Different epochs and centuries passed, but the concepts of morality and responsiveness never disappeared from our society.

Now many say that we live in an era indifferent people who lack responsiveness. People are embittered at everything because of personal problems, the cause of which is the political and economic situation in the country and in the world. Everyone tries to live for himself, his family, so responsiveness has now become a very rare quality. The moral level of many of our contemporaries is also constantly under the blows of various temptations with which the world is filled. Bad habits, bad companies, the availability of information on the Internet - all this can shake the worldview of a person, especially the younger generation.

Writers at all times have paid attention to the problems of morality and responsiveness, because these qualities make us real people, capable of good deeds, able to change the world and make it better for everyone.

Let us recall the hero of Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel "The Idiot" - Prince Myshkin. The writer himself said that he wanted to show a "positively beautiful" person. Responsive, kind and direct Lev Myshkin became a black sheep among selfish and selfish people who dream only of a better life for themselves. Myshkin acted like a new Jesus Christ, he became the standard of kindness, openness, sensitivity to other people's suffering. His actions were incomprehensible to those around him, who could see in him a mentally ill person, an "idiot", but the sympathetic and kind prince Myshkin was able to awaken deep-hidden good feelings in people, they saw in him an authoritative personality, their idol, for whom they wanted to go where he wouldn't lead. He became a model of a real person, moral and sympathetic. In contrast to this, Dostoevsky called the novel "The Idiot" for a reason. This topic is still relevant now, because people like Prince Myshkin at first can be mistaken for mentally ill people, because it looks so unusual and does not agree with the level of morality and morality of modern society.

If we take the opposite example, then we can consider the image of Pechorin from Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time". Main character characterized by coldness, prudence and indifference to others, he is not worried about the problems and feelings of other people. Even the unfortunate Bella, whose love Pechorin sought, soon becomes uninteresting to him, and is waiting for the girl tragic end. And it's not single death, to which Pechorin was involved. In the course of the story, we learn about Pechorin's other "feats" - he deceived Princess Mary, doomed Vera to torment ... Nothing sacred remained in Pechorin's soul, Chekhov called this state "soul paralysis." He himself understood that he had become a "moral cripple", he even own life became unbearable, he began to die as a friend, as a lover, and then as a person, when he left for Persia, where he was destined to find his death.

On the example of these two literary characters, we see two diametrically opposed points of view. Each of them has their own concept of morality and responsiveness. If Myshkin is ready to do anything for the sake of others, then Pechorin, without hesitation, is ready to use all means to achieve the best for himself. It can be concluded that a moral person will always be responsive, because these concepts are included in the general area of ​​the human soul. Morality and responsiveness go hand in hand. A morally rich person will never pass by those who need help, he will always show responsiveness. And this will spiritually enrich not only the one whom he helps, but also elevate the soul of the person himself, who cannot act contrary to his convictions.

Effective preparation for the exam (all subjects) -

Notes

Published according to Art 1873, vol. I, part 1, p. 23-25.

For the first time included in the collected works: St 1856. Reprinted in the 1st part of all subsequent lifetime editions of "Poems".

White autograph - GBL (Soldier notebook, sheets 25-26v.).

It dates from the beginning of 1847, but before February 19, since in Belinsky's letter of this date (see niche) it is mentioned as written "recently".

Poems about the suicide of a serf cook tortured by a landowner ran into censorship obstacles. This caused the replacement of Art. 28 in C and the omission of art. 21-30 at St 1861.

V. E. Evgeniev-Maksimov (Life and work of N. A. Nekrasov, vol. P. M.-L., 1950, p. 248) pointed out the thematic connection of the poem "A Moral Man" with an article by V. G. Belinsky about "Parisian secrets" by E. Xu (1844), which, in particular, said: "In our time, the words "morality" and "immorality" have become very flexible, and now it is easy to apply them arbitrarily to whatever you want. Look, for example , on this gentleman, who with such dignity carries his thick belly, which has absorbed so many tears and blood of defenseless innocence - this gentleman, on whose face such satisfaction with himself is expressed that you cannot help but be convinced at first glance of the fullness of his deep chests that buried in themselves both the gratuitous labor of the poor and the legitimate inheritance of the orphan.He, this gentleman with the head of a donkey on the body of a bull, most often speaks with particular pleasure about morality..."(Belinsky, vol. VIII, p. 170). Note that Nekrasov's poem "Modern Ode" echoes Belinsky's tirade.

Having familiarized himself with The Moral Man still in the manuscript, Belinsky informed I. S. Turgenev (February 19, 1847): "Nekr<асов>wrote scary recently good poem. If it does not get into print (and it is assigned in 3 No<"Современника">), then I will send it to you in manuscript. What a talent this man has! And what an ax his talent is!" (Belinsky, vol. XII, p. 336). D. I. Pisarev, speaking of Nekrasov's poetry, exclaimed: "Who is able to write poems: "Philanthropist", "Epilogue to an unwritten poem"<"Несчастные">, "Am I driving down a dark street at night ...", "Sasha", "Living in accordance with strict morality ..."<"Нравственный человек">, he can be sure that living Russia knows and loves him ... " (Pisarev D.I. Works, vol. I. M., 1955, p. 196).

Set to music (M. V. Koval, 1935).

Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov

1

Living according to strict morality,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
My wife, covering her face with a veil,
In the evening I went to my lover.
I sneaked into his house with the police
And he convicted ... He called - I did not fight!
She went to bed and died
Tormented by shame and sadness...

2

I had a daughter; fell in love with the teacher
And I wanted to run away with him in a rush.
I threatened her with a curse: resigned
And she married a gray-haired rich man.
And the house was shining and full like a bowl;
But Masha suddenly began to turn pale and go out
And a year later she died in consumption,
Having struck the whole house with deep sadness ...
Living according to strict morality,
I have never harmed anyone in my life...

3

I gave the peasant as a cook,
He succeeded; a good cook is a blessing!
But often left the yard
And the name of an indecent predilection
Had: loved to read and reason.
I, tired of threatening and scolding,
Paternally cut him with a canal;
He took it and drowned himself, he found nonsense!
Living according to strict morality,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

4

My friend didn't show me the loan on time.
I, hinting in a friendly way to him,
The law left us to judge;
The law sentenced him to prison.
He died in it without paying the altyn,
But I'm not angry, even though there is a reason to be angry!
I forgave him the debt on the same date,
Honoring him with tears and sadness ...
Living according to strict morality,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

In the mid-forties, Nekrasov began to depict contemporary reality in his lyrics and fell in love with notorious scoundrels as the main characters, telling their biographies in poems. The first such portrait is given in "Modern Ode" (1845). Her hero is a swindler and a careerist, without a twinge of conscience robbing defenseless citizens and ready to sacrifice honor for the sake of promotion own daughter. In the same 1845, the poems “Officer” (about a bribe taker) and “ Lullaby”(about a hereditary thief). A couple of years later, Nikolai Alekseevich wrote "The Moral Man", thereby continuing the gallery of images of scoundrels. The protagonist of the work is a man who believes that he lives "according to strict morality" and does no harm to anyone.

The text is divided into four parts. Each stanza is a first-person story. In the opening ten lines, the character tells how he treated his own wife. His wife cheated on him, and he decided to take revenge. As a result, the disgraced woman fell ill from grief and died. In the second part, the hero talks about his daughter. The girl had the imprudence to fall in love with the teacher, even wanted to run away with him. Her father threatened her with a curse and forced her to marry a wealthy old man. The result - the unfortunate girl died of consumption. In the third stanza we are talking about a peasant whom the hero of the poem helped to become a cook. The serf learned to cook well, but here's the catch - he became too addicted to reading, began to think and reason a lot. V educational purposes a "moral man" carved him. The finale of the story - the cook drowned himself. In the fourth and final part, the character talks about a friend to whom he first lent money, and then put him in jail for debts. The borrower died there.

At the end of each stanza, two lines are repeated:

Living according to strict morality,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

The hero of the poem sincerely believes that his actions are completely justified, that there is nothing wrong with them. The logic of the character's thoughts is easy to understand: if the wife hadn't cheated, she wouldn't have had to die disgraced; a daughter would not fall in love with someone who is lower in social status, she would live happily in unequal marriage; the peasant would not have argued with the master, he would not have drowned himself; If a friend had paid his debt, he would not have ended up in jail. Nekrasov's "moral man" does not consider himself guilty of other people's troubles, but that's not what's scary. The scary thing is that society supports him and others like him.

Morality and corresponding moral norms are the basis of civilization and humanity of any society. When morality and moral foundations collapse, society collapses and a person degrades, which we can also observe in our modern civilization, which is increasingly drowning in.

- this is following certain Spiritual (moral) Principles: the principles of Honor, Conscience, Duty, Justice, Love, etc. Morality is the essence of the true Dignity of Man. A truly Worthy Person is a person who cannot be disrespected; with all his manifestations, he inspires respect, reverence, approval, love.

- this is the one who implements these spiritual principles in his life and they are embodied in him in the lead of the relevant beliefs and personal qualities such as honor, honesty, etc.

To paraphrase, morality can be defined as follows. - this is the correspondence of ideas, beliefs, values, actions and all manifestations of a person to moral norms, universal values ​​(kindness, non-violence, honesty, respect, etc.), and ideally to all Spiritual Laws.

It is Morality that is an indicator of the degree of spirituality of Man and Society. What is Spirituality.

Morality and the morality (rules of conduct, etc.) it gives birth to were previously formed by Religion, commandments (Spiritual Laws in a religious interpretation), and are now largely destroyed. Of course, it must be revived and formed purposefully.

What is the basis of morality? What creates morality and what destroys it

The basis of morality is the distinction and, and the choice of the path of Good. About whether there is Good and Evil -. It is the understanding of what is Good, what is considered Worthy, and what is Bad, what is unworthy, shameful, unacceptable for a Human and determines moral standards.

It is precisely because of the lack of adequate ideas about Good and Evil in modern society that morality is in decline, people are afflicted with vices and ignorance, and society as a whole is rapidly decomposing.

There is also a delusion that Morality is a set of restrictions that encroach on a person's freedom, restrain and block the manifestation of his individuality. This is a huge nonsense! Morality provides a vector, path and conditions for upward movement, under which a person can grow, develop at the highest speed, be protected from vices, possible moral decay and degradation, and be invulnerable to evil. Exactly at highest periods the heyday of spirituality, when the moral standard was implemented in society to the maximum extent, in the education of personnel, citizens, in culture, education, in the traditions of society, the great empires and states reached their the highest level development, civilization, culture, to which even many modern states still go and go.