The words "doctor" and "Humanist" are not synonymous, but are inextricably linked. Medical professions oblige being humanists, love people and help them in any, even the most adverse conditions. For people who have health problems, is unequivocally associated with assistance, support and understanding.

A little about profession

Profession "Medical Worker" requires its owner of certain courage and dedication. This is due to the fact that people have confidence in the health workers, as specialists who know their own business.

That is why choosing medical professions as a matter of life, a person is obliged to learn even after the end of the university, because the diseases are constantly changing, like their treatment. Among medical educational institutions There are institutions and academies.

List of medical specialties

The list of medical professions includes such specialties as:

The listed medical professions (a list is not complete) are the main profiles for this specialty. In each of them there are narrower specialists responsible for the treatment of specific parts of the human body.

Specialty nurse

Specialized secondary medical education makes it possible to prepare specialists from the category of medical staff. Profession The nurse is included in this category.

Nurse (Medbrat) is an assistant or a doctor assistant in a medical institution. The main task of the medium-sized medical unit is to perform treatment prescribed by the doctor a patient and care for sick people.

Profession The medical sister is part of the category of middle personnel medical institutions and has several narrower directions. Although many specialties are included in the concept of "medical professions", the list of middle-level specialists is headed by the position of the main nurse.

Home and Senior Nurse

At the head of the serving medical staff is the main nurse - this is a specialist with higher medical education (the Faculty of Nursing). The duties of the main nurse include organizing and controlling the work of the middle and younger medical staff, as well as the increase in their professionalism.

The concept of organizing the workflow includes the preparation of charts of the lower medical staff and control over its implementation. Also in her duties include:

  • Control the receipt, storage, distribution and accounting of dressing material and drugs, Including those in which poisonous or narcotic substances are contained.
  • Control the fulfillment of duties of secondary and junior staff, as well as to increase their qualifications and professional level.
  • Follow the quality of disinfection of a medical institution, timely shift bed linen and carry out control during the transportation of patients within the hospital.

The senior nurse is an assistant to the department head. Its responsibilities include control over the work of the store's sisters and the younger medical staff.

Medium and junior health workers

Nurses are organized by the work of the younger medical staff: nurses, younger nurses and sisters-hosts.

Medical checkup

People exercising labor activityassociated with risk or harmful to health production, work with children and many others are required to undergo a medical examination. It can be held once a year or two years.

There is a list in which it is indicated who should pass a medical examination. The professions that are included in it are categories of specialties associated with harmful production or with industrial risk, for example, with high-altitude work, harmful substances, noise, dust and others.

Also, compulsory, medical examinations are undergoing food workers, teachers and pre-school workers educational institutions, drivers, sailors, medical staff and representatives of other professions.

Choice of profession

Medical professions are in demand in modern society, Therefore, annually, the average special and higher medical institutions produce new professionals. This is primarily due to the fact that unhealthy ecology, permanent stressUnhealthy food is increasing every year the number of people with pathologies or chronic diseases.

The nurse must have ideas about the anatomy and physiology of a person, be able to provide urgent promptual help, Perform the necessary medical manipulations.

Nurse (Medical sister) - a specialist in the field of nursing business, a professional assistant attending physician. Male profession option - medbrat.. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in biology (see the choice of a profession for interest in school subjects).

Features of the profession

The doctor or Feldsher examines the patient and prescribes treatment, someone must perform these appointments to perform: make injections, put droppers, tear a wound, give a medicine, check the temperature, etc. It is a nurse (or a nurse) - a specialist among medium medical personnel. Often, nurse communicates with patients even more than a doctor. And from her skill and depends the success of treatment.

A specific set of duties of nurse depends on the place of work. For example, in a clinic, a nurse can help a doctor to conduct the reception of patients. it section nurse. She monitors the delivery of patients outpatient cards from the registry (they are conducted in disease history); gets in the laboratory and x-ray the results of analyzes and conclusion; It is watching that you always have sterile tools and necessary drugs at your fingertips.

In anti-tuberculosis, skin-venereological, psychoneurological dispensaries, as well as in women's and children's consultations work patronage sisters. Patronage (from Franz. Patronage - patronage, guardianship) means that therapeutic procedures are held at home. Patronage sisters go to patients to the house and make them injections, dressings, measure pressure, etc.

Nurse In the office of physiotherapy Conducts therapeutic procedures using special devices: UHF devices, ultrasound, electrophoresis, etc.

Procedural nursemakes injections (including intravenous), takes blood from Vienna, puts droppers. All this is very difficult procedures - they require high qualifications and impeccable skills. Especially if the procedural nurse works in a hospital where heavy patients can lie.

Charge nurse - Cleales medicines, puts compresses, banks, enema, makes injections. It also measures the temperature, pressure and reports the doctor about the well-being of each patient. And if necessary, the nurse has emergency help (for example, fainting or bleeding).

The health of each patient depends on the work of the ward nurse. Especially if it is a heavy patient. In good hospitals, store nurses (with the help of junior nurses and nurses) are care for weak patients: feed, wash, change clothes, follow, so that there are no laying back.

The ward nurse has no right not carelessness or forgetfulness. Unfortunately, the work of the ward nurse involves night duty. It badly affects health.

Operating nurse Helps a surgeon and is responsible for permanent readiness operating room. This is perhaps the most responsible nursing office. And the most beloved in those who at least a little time to work on operations. Sister prepares for future operation all the necessary tools, dressing and suture materials, ensures their sterility, checks the help of equipment. And during the operation assist the doctor, sues tools and materials. The success of the operation, the success of the operation depends on the coherence of actions of the doctor and nurses. For this work is needed not only good knowledge and skills, but also the reaction rate and strong nervous system. As well as good health: Like a surgeon, the nurse has to stand on the whole operation. If after surgery the patient needs dressings, they also make the operating nurse.

For sterilization, the tools are attributed to sterilization department. The nurse operating there is controlled with special equipment: steam, ultraviolet cameras, autoclaves, etc.

Head nurse Manages the work of all the nurses of the hospital or clinic branch. It makes up the schedules of duty, follows the sanitary condition of the room, is responsible for the economic and medical supply, for the maintenance and safety of medical instruments and devices. In addition to actually medical duties, medical examinations have to conduct accounting documentation, the elder nurse is following this. It also leads the work of the younger medical personnel (Sanitars, Sanitarka, Nurses, etc.). To make it a qualitatively, the eldest nurse must be more detail to know the specifics of the department.

Junior nursecarses for the sick: changes lingerie, feeds, helps move lying patients inside the hospital. Her duties are similar to the duties of the nurse, and medical education is limited to short-term courses.

This is not a complete list of nurse's work options. In each - its specificity. It unites them that, although the nurse is considered an assistant doctor, the main goal of the work of the nurse is to help sick people. Such work brings moral satisfaction, especially if it is a work in the hospital. But this is a very hard work, even if you love her very much. There is no time for smoking and thoughtfulness in the middle of the working day. The hardests are considered to be offices in which operations are carried out and where emergency patients come. This is surgery, traumatology, otolaryngology.

Career

The nurse has several career options. You can, remaining in the same position, increase your qualifications and receive the appropriate salary allowance. Another option is administrative: you can become a senior nurse department or even hospital. The third option is to continue education and become a doctor.

But why "sister"?

The fact is that the first medical sisters appeared under the auspices of the Church. And the word "sister" indicated the relationship is not a blood, but spiritual.

In the XI century in the Netherlands, Germany and other countries appeared communities of women and maidens for patient care. In the XIII century, the Countess Elizabeth Turing, later ranked in the saints, built a hospital for his funds, and also organized a shelter for the twin and orphans, and he herself worked in him. In her honor, the Catholic community of Elizabetains was founded. IN peaceful time Sisters-nuns caliped only for sick women, and in the military - and for the wounded warriors. They also cared for sick leopa.

In 1617, in France, the priest of Vingeni Paul organized the first community of the sisters of mercy. He first suggested this name - "Sister of Mercy", " elder sister" The community consisted of widows and girls who were not nuns and did not give any permanent vows. At the head of the community stood Louise de Marillak, which organized special school For learning sisters of mercy and nurses.

Such communities began to be created in France, the Netherlands, Poland and other countries. By the middle of the XIX century in Western Europe Already numbered about 16 thousand sisters of mercy.

In Russia, profession medical sister appeared in 1863, then the order of the military minister was issued on the introduction by agreement with the Cross-Promotional Community of Permanent nursing care For patients in military hospitals.

Workplace

Nurses and medical work work in hospitals, clinics, maternity hospitals, private clinics, children's institutions, military units and hospitals, sanatoriums and rest houses.

Important qualities

The former name of this profession is the Sister of Mercy. Mercy and sympathy of someone else's pain is one of the most important qualities of the nurse. This is necessarily attached attentiveness, accuracy and responsibility. Good coordination of movements are also important (it is especially important for operating, procedural, ward nurses), good memory, desire for professional growth. Good health and endurance. Allergies to some drugs may be an obstacle to work. For example, an operating nurse cannot assist on operations if pairs of disinfectants cause her cough. But in the profession, the nurse is so extensive field of activity that you can simply go to another place of work.

Knowledge and skills

The nurse must have ideas about the anatomy and physiology of a person, to be able to provide urgent prefiguration assistance, to fulfill the necessary medical manipulations, provides infectious security, to conduct accounting documentation.

Called mercy sisters. This most accurately characterized the professional duties of medium medical personnel. Mercy sisters called women who care for sick and wounded during the Crimean Company. They replaced, their duties included not only the performance of medical appointments, but also moral support for patients and help During a period of illness or recovery after injuries.

Mercy or compassion is also necessary quality For people of this profession, because for get well soon The patient is needed not only the procedures, but also attention to the good word on time.

Times are changing, but the profession of the medical sister remains in demand. Without a competent assistant, the doctor cannot be fully assisted by the patient. It happens that an experienced nurse is diagnosed and help in determining the tactics of treatment with a young doctor.

Medical sisters work in operating rooms, in the procedural offices of hospitals and a clinic, in dental clinics, sit at the reception along with the doctor, etc. Where there is a doctor, a nurse is always present, which performs all his appointments.

People of this profession are more than doctors communicate with patients, and it requires special communication and stress resistance skills. They should understand the psychology of people, to distinguish actual complaints of the patient to male against the simple demand of increased attention to their person. Therefore, the profession of nurses is a very responsible occupation, it is not just a job, but also a lifestyle. According to the degree of responsibility for the life of the patient, it does not differ from the profession of a doctor.

Prepare for this profession in specialized colleges, where future nurses and medical examination is studying the structure human organism, diseases and them, and also acquire specific skills. The tasks of the nurse include not only a clear execution of medical manipulation prescribed by the doctor, but also to prepare tools (processing, sterilization). Nurses are responsible for the work of the Sanitair, i.e. The schedule of cleaning and quartzing of premises in the medical institution, and also control the quality of their work. For their responsibility, ensuring separation of drugs and solutions, dressing materials, i.e. Timely submission of the application in the event of a deficit of these substances. If a nurse does not cope with its duties, it can paralyze the work of the entire department and bring to "no" all the efforts of doctors.

Choosing a nurse profession, you need to be ready for certain difficulties. It is necessary to realize that you will have to devote yourself to the profession completely. It means to be at work is always in good mood And smile to patients, thereby helping them to recover. Even if behind heavy duty and sleepless night. This means the unquestion of all medical destinations. This means - to know everything that happens in the entrusted department or the office, be able to foresee conflict situations And in time to prevent them. The nurse is a medic, a psychologist and a good organizer in one person.

The nurse must possess broad knowledge. She needs to be familiar with all the provisions of laws related to the health system, and have a clear idea about them. The nurse must also know what rights it is endowed with their work.

Manual for its activities serve:

  • orders of the doctor who she obeys;
  • charter of the medical institution in which it works;
  • compliance with hygienic standards;
  • routine of work;
  • official instruction (as a basis is taken by the current).

The history of the occurrence of profession

Medicine exists with deep antiquity. But such a profession as a nurse has not stand out for a long time. Her functions performed disciples of drugs. Subsequently, they themselves began medical practice.

The emergence of the profession of nurse belongs to the XI century. Its representatives belonged to communities that existed in Western European countries. The workers received the name of the sisters of mercy.

Initially, the nurses were cautious only for representatives of the weak gender. But in connection with the needs that have brought wars, their activities were distributed on the wounded.

In 1228, the first hospital was opened, which provided shelter and care for the poor patients. His founder was the Hungarian Countess Elizabeth Turing. She founded him for his funds. Workers' hospitals were called "Elisavtinti".

For this period, there is a high level of construction of such institutions in all European countries. Ultimately, the nurses received a new name - "Hospital".

At the beginning of the XVII century, a new milestone begins in the history of nurses. The first community appears, where girls and women teach care for patients. Since then, the profession has become rapidly developed. The activity of nurses not only on orphans, lepers and patients, but also to soldiers. Over time, they are connected as an assistant to operations. Profession is becoming wide popularity. Nurses rows are replenished with the ladies of the highest society.

What are the duties of nurses

A modern nurse has a wide range of responsibilities. She is an indispensable assistant of any doctor.

Functional duties of nurses include the following items:

  • nursing;
  • provision medical care Before the advent of the doctor;
  • disinfection of tools;
  • preparation of material for dressings and other treatments;
  • storage and use control medicines.

The functional responsibilities of the nurse suggest that the patient's state of the patient and ensure the passage of proper medical procedures.

It puts droppers and makes injections in the hospital, takes blood for analysis, prepares tools for the operation, measures blood pressure, bintuet wounds, etc.

The nurse's functional duties at the pediatric clinic include monitoring the sick child and the giving consultation to his parents about the care of the baby at home. Medical sisters fill the cards and checklists, help.

In the operating worker such a profile is obliged to monitor the presence of a set of all required tools. She helps a surgeon, promptly brings the required tool at his request.

In school and kindergartens, the nurse is obliged to respond to the passage of seasonal and planned vaccinations.

What is included in the duties of a procedural nurse

An employee of the Cabinet for procedures is subordinate from the senior nurse department. The functional responsibilities of the procedural nurse includes the implementation of all manipulations in strict accordance with the prescription of the doctor. In this case, strict records are conducted. All data is logged. Also specified possible complications After the procedure.

In the event of a complication after a nurse, after a patient, the nurse is obliged to put this informant to the attending physician and provide a sick assistance, according to the existing instruction.

The procedural nurse has the right (in accordance with the appointment of the doctor):

  • take blood in the patient and transport it to the laboratory;
  • determine the belonging of blood to a particular group;
  • implement all kinds of injections.

During the procedure, the nurse must comply with hygienic standards, as well as adhere to the rules for the prevention of infectious diseases, complications after injection, an anaphylactic reaction of the body applied.

Cabinet for procedures should be equipped with appropriate medical instruments, dressing materials, preparations.

The nurse strictly follows the shelf life of all medicines. It exercises the timely delivery of blood for analysis to the laboratory, provides for the patient convenience during manipulation.

The cabinet nurse can act as an assistant doctor:

  • when determining the blood group and the dram;
  • during blood transfusion and its analogues;
  • when puncture of the spinal cord;
  • when taking samples on allergies;
  • during the introduction of drugs with severe patients (the effect of drugs can be studied not to the end).

What are the functions of nurse clinics

These nurses belong to the category of specialists. They must have an incomplete higher education (specialist) or a certificate of basic higher education (Bachelor) in the specialty "Nursing", "therapeutic case" or "obstetric matter".

Functional duties Nurse Polyclinics include:

  • following the appointment of a doctor;
  • conducting procedural manipulations, according to the work profile;
  • assistance in carrying out operations on an outpatient level;
  • taking blood for analysis and ensuring its delivery to the laboratory;
  • rendering care for patients under ambulance conditions as well as at home;
  • resuscitation of the patient;
  • assistance in injury, blood loss, intoxication, shock, drowning, burn, frostbite, allergies.

Nurses Polyclinic must understand the following questions:

  • laws;
  • regulatory documentation;
  • regulations of the medical institution in which they work;
  • rights and functions;
  • principles of work of outpatient institutions;
  • rules of care for sick people;
  • the basis of the climbing of citizens;
  • pharmacological effects of basic drugs;
  • methods of sterilization of tools;
  • hygiene organization;
  • drafting a healing diet;
  • security rules for manipulations with medical instruments.

The nurse of this level is involved in the awareness of the population on preventive measures taken against diseases, and their possible complications.

Nurse Polyclinics should constantly increase their professionalism.

What is part of the duties of a medical sister branch

Functional duties of the nurse of the department are as follows:

  • observation of the common state of the patient;
  • implementation of patient care measures;
  • performing assignments given by a doctor;
  • communication on professional level with medical personnel, sick and their relatives;
  • preparation of patients to surveys;
  • compliance with the norms of hygiene in the department;
  • maintaining documents on the prescribed form.

The nurse working in the department should be able to make all kinds of injections, use the sterile table and tray. She is obliged to change the patient underwear, both native and sleeping. Its responsibilities include measuring temperature, pulse and arterial pressure patient. The obtained data is clearly fixed in the patient's graphic sheet. The nurse of the department knows how to execute all the necessary documentation.

In addition, its responsibilities include:

  • preparation of bikins for sterilization;
  • eCG removal;
  • setting compresses, cans, enema and heating;
  • binding the limbs to an elastic bandage;
  • performance preventive eventsnot allowing the appearance of bedding;
  • stomach wash;
  • acceptance and delivery of duty.

Section nurse

The landing nurse conducts medical and diagnostic procedures in accordance with the prescription of the doctor.

The functional duties of the precinct nurse is quite wide. It must prepare the Cabinet to receive patients. Under the control of the doctor, certificates are made, extracting recipes, directions for the examination and registration of other medical records.

The nurse tells the patient about the stages of preparation for one or another procedure, issues coupons for a re-visit to the doctor, transfers to the registry sheets of patient records to the doctor. Responsible for the timely receipt of responses of analyzes and putting them on the cards.

The nurse should be able to measure pressure, temperature and do other medical manipulations, according to the directions of the doctor. It takes a fence material on bacteriological sowing. The landing nurse visits patients at home and observes their treatment. Under the guidance of the doctor, it exercises a preventive vaccination.

The landing nurse must constantly work on its professional cultivation.

Responsibilities of senior nurse

The main calling of the senior nurse is to use with the maximum efficiency of the professionalism of the department of department in order to provide medical care at a high level.

The older sister of the department is appointed in accordance with the recommendation of the head. Usually this position occupies a nurse with high levels Professionalism. She must have managerial abilities. Her work experience in a medical facility is at least 5 years. Being a materially responsible person, she monitors the equipment and equipment in the department. The senior nurse takes part in all meetings held in the hospital department.

A specialist of this level acts as the organizer of the work of Medium and Junior Medical Personnel, is responsible for the discipline in the team and compliance with the procedure at work.

The functional responsibilities of the senior nurse include drawing up acts for the supply of necessary equipment, medicines and tools.

The senior nurse is responsible for labor protection and safety equipment. Personally, it makes it a schedule for its subordinates and distributes the time of their vacations. It leads the salary table and draws out hospital lists temporarily disabled employees.

A nurse of this profile is recorded by medicines containing poisonous, narcotic and potent substances, controls their use. Its functions include preserving the purity of the dressing material and the sterilization of medical instruments.

If you speak directly about the professional care of women for the sick, then such a ministry of mercy arose in the 11th century, when they began to appear in Western Europe, special communities in which women and girls cared for sick people began to appear in Western Europe.

And in the 13th century, the first hospital appeared, where women cared for princesses and orphans. He founded his Elizabeth Turingan, so everyone who worked in this hospital began to call the community "Elizabetinok".

Initially, they only took care of sick women, and when military conflicts arose, and for wounded men.

Then "Joaniki" and "Hospiters" appeared, which in hospitals were cared for wounded and sick.

Special much attention They were given to sick leopa.

And the first community of sisters of mercy appeared in France. It happened at the beginning of the 17th century. And only in 1641 the first school arose for learning sisters of mercy. Especially a lot in this business made nuns of various monasteries.

Nurse Profession - Description

Nurse is an indispensable assistant of any doctor, his right hand.

On her shoulders the whole organizational component of work in the hospital.

It should be borne in mind that graduates of this specialty are not allowed to independently determine the course of treatment, prescribe medicines and make other destinations.

However, the skills gained will be enough to determine and diagnose various diseasesproviding first aid.

The nurse should be able to measure pressure, make injections and put droppers, conduct other medical procedures (washing, rinsing, and so on).

The nurse district polyclinic is mainly the work of the assistant secretary in the doctor.

  • discharges certificates, recipes for pharmacies,
  • directions for analyzes and surveys;
  • fills out outpatient cards.

The duties of a medical sister in the hospital department includes more points.

  • makes injections
  • measures pressure,
  • gives a sick medicine,
  • provides first aid before the arrival of the doctor in the event of an exacerbation.

It also monitors the sanitary condition of the chambers and the patient regime, compliance with the order prescribed by the doctor.

Medical stations working in hospital hospitals also often perform the work of the surgeon assistant during operations:

  • give a doctor tools and dressings,
  • prepare them for work and remove them after operations,
  • help working with sick.

In addition to the places listed above, the medservants can also work in nursing homes, shelters, disabled homes. An indispensable nurse is everywhere where there is your medical center: in production, in schools and kindergartens.

Where to get a profession nurse

One of the mandatory requirements to all who wish to get an education in this profile is the ability to sympathize and the desire to help people, otherwise the daily fulfillment of the competence of the nurse's duties will be a burden and will not bring any joy.

The profession of "nurse" can be obtained in specialized schools, technical schools and colleges, sometimes it is permissible to obtain it on annual or biennium courses.

Students of this profile are studying medicine not as deep as future doctors, but training lasts much less.

Pros and Cons Profession Nurses

By cons of this profession can be attributed

  • night duty, which often fall for holidays;
  • low wage;
  • stressful situations in medical institutions;
  • unbearable physical exertion.
  • danger to infect dangerous infectious disease,
  • ungratefulness from patients.

The advantages include:

  • the ability to get a medical education;
  • awareness that the nurse participates in the salvation of people's lives;
  • gratitude to recovered patients.
  • an experienced nurse can faster finding work and additional earnings.

With confidence it can be said that for a woman is the most popular and prestigious profession.

Also, this article will help prepare an essay, report, essay or presentation about the profession.