Prevention of the development of drug addiction among minors cannot be provided through the efforts of the medical service alone. Needed cooperative activity doctors, educators, law enforcement agencies, the general public. It should be admitted that a unified strategy on this problem has not yet been developed. For example, we can compare the existing points of view on the promotion of a drug-free life.

Thus, according to some authors, 93% of secondary school teachers consider medical propaganda in schools to be the main means of preventing drug addiction. Other researchers argue that this propaganda generates an unhealthy interest in drugs in adolescents and, if it does not contribute to the growth of drug addiction, then, in any case, is ineffective.

Health education among children and adolescents is of great importance for the prevention of drug addiction. However, before today there is no single position on this score. In some works, the opinion is expressed that medical propaganda in schools should be carried out throughout the entire period of study. Many educators find it useful to include a drug prevention course in the curriculum. Narcological service representatives should conduct anti-drug seminars and lectures among secondary school teachers and higher institutions... They teach the teaching staff the simplest techniques for identifying different types intoxication, form the appropriate alertness, talk about the grave social and medical consequences of drug addiction. This propaganda must be carried out skillfully, in a differentiated manner, without formalism; in no case should it stimulate adolescents' unhealthy interest in the subject under discussion.

In cases where doctors conduct conversations directly in a teenage audience, it must be remembered that adolescents are a very difficult audience, as a rule, they do not forgive falsehood, an amateurish approach, while adolescents seek to convict the lecturer of unprofessionalism and, once having done this, in the future lose confidence in all information coming from him. It is especially difficult to work with those groups of adolescents who are more or less familiar with the effects of drugs. It must be assumed that drug prevention is most effective among schoolchildren elementary grades because they lack own experience drug addiction and poorly expressed reaction of the opposition.

During conversations and lectures, it is advisable to use specific examples that testify to the severe consequences of drug use. Reports of severe poisoning look convincing, deaths from drug overdoses, etc. Usually do not leave indifferent messages about the direction of drug addicts to the LTP, about other administrative measures of influence. It is necessary to focus the listeners' attention on the harmful effects of drugs on physical development, intelligence, offspring. Practice shows that messages about the pathological effects of drugs on the moral and ethical sphere of a person and the development of desocialization do not cause a deep emotional resonance in the adolescent audience.

An important preventive measure is the creation of a clear system of interaction between the adolescent narcological service and the relevant departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and commissions for juvenile affairs. In cases where it is possible to carry out all medical measures in full, the involvement of law enforcement agencies can be minimized. If a teenager, under various pretexts, avoids visiting a narcological dispensary, violates the regime during treatment, is a leader in a group of drug addicts, does not lend itself to psychotherapeutic influence at all, then administrative measures should be strictly taken in relation to such adolescents.

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Primary prevention of drug addiction is closely related to the spiritual and moral education of children and youth. This sounds a little official, so in our article we will tell in simple language how teaching a child an ethical relationship, the ability to see high goals in life will save him in the future from addictions.

Why is drug addiction prevention needed?

The problem of drug addiction of the population of our country actively declared itself in the first years of this century, and so far it has not been resolved in our society. A few years ago we could afford to close our eyes to it, being sure that it concerns only asocial, criminal persons or, on the contrary, the “golden youth”, to which the bulk of the population of Russia does not belong. Today, the problem has knocked on many families, the availability of drugs has become simply amazing. To smoke spice, the money that parents give the child for school breakfast is enough. In order to get it you only need mobile phone with Internet access, now every student has it.

Obviously, in such a situation, it becomes impossible to turn a blind eye to the problem of drug use and its prevention. This is not only a medical problem that concerns a narrow circle of specialists, but a socially significant disease that society as a whole is called upon to fight against. This is a question that concerns the entire world community and each person individually. And it looks like people really got into this idea. Prevention and treatment of drug addiction are discussed at the UN Assemblies, around the world, and in our country in particular, a a large number of social initiatives that deal with issues of prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, socialization of drug addicts.

The whole society as a whole solves the problem of combating drug addiction by pooling its resources: legislative, scientific, technical, and so on. Prevention is carried out by individual specialists in drug treatment clinics and centers as voluntary community work.

Drug addiction as a political and social problem

If in a country, in Russia, almost ninety thousand people become drug addicts a year, of which up to 70% are children and adolescents, the problem of drug addiction can be safely called a state problem. And as such, it should be resolved at the state level. This is the creation of an appropriate legislative framework regarding punishment for the distribution of drugs, this is the creation of uniform standards governing the activities of drug treatment clinics and rehabilitation centers and finally, it is the organization of drug addiction prevention on a national scale.

On the other hand, drug addiction is a social problem, which indicates that there are no real values ​​in society, people lack stable moral principles, and there are no harmonious and healthy relationships. It is also obvious that healthy lifestyle promotion is needed. Of course, we, the people of Russia, have reasons for social problems. Few people have gone through such a string of shocks and crises over the past hundred years as Russian people... And this is another reason to be more attentive to ourselves, to each other, to seek, find and change those traumatic experiences that now prevent us from living happily and in abundance.

Addiction as a litmus test shows all the pains of society, but it is itself a great pain. Drugs kill thousands of children and adolescents, men and women in their prime. This should not leave anyone indifferent.

Types of prevention and treatment of drug addiction

Drug addiction is a problem that has existed for a long time, therefore, the scientific medical community and social services working with drug addicts have developed a fairly extensive methodology for both prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of drug addiction.

There are three types of prevention of drug addiction:

  1. Primary prevention of drug addiction is a measure to prevent the use of drugs by children and adolescents, as well as adults who have never used drugs.
  2. Secondary prevention is addressed to those who use drugs sporadically or at risk.
  3. Tertiary prevention of drug addiction is actually the prevention of relapse of the disease in those who suffered from addiction, are undergoing treatment and rehabilitation.

We will not consider secondary and tertiary prevention in this article, but will talk in more detail about primary.

Primary prevention of drug addiction

Primary prevention of drug addiction is divided into several areas:

  • Radical primary prevention of drug addiction is aimed at changing the living conditions of the population. This is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, sports, educational activities regarding the consequences of the disease. In other words, in this case, the work is aimed at a gradual change in the entire socio-cultural atmosphere.
  • Prohibitive primary prevention is a set of measures to control and ban drug use.
  • Early primary prevention is the identification of the very first cases of drug use, when the addiction has not yet had time to form, and the adoption of measures to prevent the development of drug addiction.

In matters of prevention, everything is as old as the world, in fact, it offers the carrot and stick method. The only question is how to make the carrot look really attractive and the stick effective. To summarize, then preventive measures can be divided into a system of punishments and prohibitions, which is represented, first of all, by law enforcement agencies and legislation. This also includes measures for drug treatment, although they are in recent times cause an ambivalent attitude in society. Prevention is the truth about drug addiction, about its characteristics, about the deplorable results of drug use.

On the other hand, this is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, the reorientation of social values, these are measures to form negative attitude to addiction.

Activities for primary prevention are created mainly for children and youth. It is important that drug prevention affects the family where the child is being raised. After all, many addictions have their roots precisely in family relationships, values ​​and traditions of this particular family.

Addiction prevention programs

Preventive work is carried out in different forms... It can be whole educational programs, individual classes, periodic lectures, prepared specifically for a specific team, class, group of students. In the normal case, these programs should take into account the age, cultural characteristics of the audience, the type of educational institution. It is good if the program is long-term.

Today, such programs are developed by specialists from research centers, clinical psychologists, independently or on the basis of specialized institutes, by specialists in social initiatives. A whole team of specialists usually works on large federal programs: psychiatrists-narcologists, psychologists, psychotherapists, social workers, addictologists.

The modern concept of primary prevention of drug addiction

If we talk about the concept of drug addiction prevention, then it is based on the fact that it is centered on the personality. This personality manifests itself in three main areas in the process of his life. The nearest sphere is the family, a little further is an educational institution (we are talking about children and adolescents), and on the periphery - leisure, hobbies, entertainment.

Prevention specialists are based on the fact that in every person there is a natural inner need for health, in the absence of pain and suffering. And this need to be healthy must be developed from early childhood.

A person has natural needs:

  • Basic needs for water, food, protection (heat, shelter, clothing).
  • Social needs in the form of communication, friendship, love, that is, relationships.
  • Spiritual needs, which are expressed in the desire to give to others.

If a person does not have psychological problems, he has a developed desire to be healthy and he knows how to satisfy these three needs in adequate ways, then he does not need drugs.

At the basic level, drugs do not satisfy needs; on the contrary, their use is harmful to health and deprives a person of the resources to acquire what is needed. On a social level, we need family, friends, a job we love, a quality rest so that we feel satisfied. Drugs here also do not help the cause, but only destroy the relationship. At the level of the soul, a person has a natural need to give, which drug addiction fundamentally contradicts.

It turns out that drugs come into a person's life when he cannot or does not want to satisfy his needs in a natural way. In fact, drug addiction is a way to forget the suffering that unmet physical, social-emotional and spiritual needs bring.

Addiction has a history that stretches back centuries, but drugs have never been as widespread as they are today. What is the reason for this? The consumerist attitude towards life and the spiritual emptiness of adolescents and young people lead to the fact that they do not know how to get pleasure from life in a natural way. An amazing indifference to one's own fate, to the feelings of others, a lack of meaning in life - these are the true reasons leading to the path of drug addiction and other addictions.

A modern person (for the most part) does not want to waste time on others, to give, to take part in social life. Indifference to the problems of society, the belief in the uselessness of such activity cause the development of personal egoism, a dependent attitude to life. Society ceases to be humane, people become weak-willed and apathetic, spiritless. From this state it is already half a step to crime and drug use.

Value orientation of children and adolescents

As you can see, the problem of drug prevention is much deeper than just saying that drugs are bad and harmful. This is a matter of real reorientation, restoration or education of a system of values, where drugs simply will not have a place in a person's life.

Educational lectures and preventive measures have their place, are an important part of the prevention system, but the most important thing is to create an educational space for children and adolescents where they could nourish their inner world with the right values. It must be remembered that drug addiction is not only a disease of the body, but also of the soul. Therefore, it is simply impossible to get around the issue of spiritual and moral education when talking about the prevention of drug addiction in children and adolescents.

Today, the upbringing system in kindergartens and schools is aimed at something completely different: intellectual, physical, partly emotional development children. At the same time, the issue of personal, moral, spiritual development, as a rule, is hardly touched upon. Love, rationality, responsibility, empathy for another, loyalty and many other concepts necessary for the harmonious development of a personality are sometimes not even mentioned.

This is how an adult appears, physically and intellectually developed, less often emotionally developed, and having a large wormhole inside. Because the core of the personality, its spiritual and moral side has not been formed. Will such a person be able to be kind, compassionate, meaningfully relate to life, trials? Or, at the first difficulties, he will find a "crooked path" - will he decide to escape from the complexities of life into narcotic dreams?

Conclusion

If we summarize some of our short talk about primary prevention of drug addiction, then we can highlight a number of important points. Recall that such prevention is aimed at preventing the onset of drug use and mainly works with children and adolescents. What is needed for it to be effective:

  • Statewide assistance: legislative acts, state projects for the prevention of drug addiction.
  • Development of methodological base, prevention programs and training of specialists who could professionally implement them in practice.
  • Creation and promotion of family values ​​and a healthy lifestyle.
  • Emphasis in educational programs on the development of spiritual and moral qualities of the personality of a child and adolescent.

MANTUROVSKY DISTRICT KURSK REGION

teacher-organizer of life safety: Kurlova Irina Ivanovna

Relevance of the topic. .

Object studies are adolescents aged 13 - 18 years.

Item this work

Target work .

What participation in the project will give its participants

As part of the work on the project, students can take an active part:

In actions to promote healthy lifestyles, "Tell me where they sell death!";

In the Days of Health;

In conducting an Internet lesson “I have the right to know!”;

In conducting questionnaires, interviews, observations;

In the independent study of additional material, delivering it to other students, taking into account their age characteristics.

Project results:

- identification of the influence of bad habits on the health of children;

Learning by learners additional materials in the media, Internet resources, in scientific literature;

Conducting questionnaires, surveys, research, etc.educational work to promote healthy lifestyles;

Develop a negative attitude towards bad habits;

Expanding the knowledge of students about the negative impact of bad habits on human health.

Research base: MOU "Krivetskaya average comprehensive school»

"PREVENTION OF DRUG ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS"

1. Introduction- p. 3

2. Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of the problem of prevention of drug addiction among adolescents - p. 7

3. 1.1. Drug addiction is one of the social problems of modern society

4. 1.2. The main types and directions of work on the prevention of drug addiction - p. 9

5. Conclusions from chapter 1 - page 12

6. Chapter 2. Features and trends in the development of drug addiction in Russia - p. 13

7. 2.1. Generalization of experience social work on the prevention of drug addiction among adolescents in the regions of the Russian Federation.

8. 2.2 Monitoring attitudes towards the use of alcohol, drugs and psychotropic substances... Forms and means of preventive anti-drug work with adolescents at school - p. 14

9. Diagnostic results - 17

10. Conclusion - p. 22

11. Literature - p. 23

Introduction

Nothing can be taken from nature artificially ...

with the help of opium or wine. What we call narcotic substances is not inspiration, but artificial stimulation and irritation.

Ralph Emerson

A person comes to this world not only for his comfortable existence and personal happiness. His mind, skills, experience, his whole life are necessary for his children, society, future generations. A person's existence on earth helps to make him worthy of his spiritual and physical health. It is not only a personal matter, but also a public matter. Health cannot be regarded as the elementary absence of physical defects or diseases. A-priory The World Organization Healthcare (WHO) "health is a state of complete social and spiritual well-being, and not just the absence of disease and physical disabilities." Such well-being is achieved by proper upbringing, which leads a person to a moral lifestyle, including taking care of his health.The correct lifestyle of the younger generation is the key to the health of the nation.

Drug addiction and alcoholism are incompatible with a healthy lifestyle. These vices give rise to many social problems..

Over the past hundred years, drug addiction has become a general social and even national problem. According to a WHO expert group, modern world there is a continuous trend towards an increase in the number of people taking narcotic drugs, the use of drugs by young people is increasing, the use of non-traditional drugs is becoming more active, synthetic drugs are becoming widespread, and representatives of all socio-economic groups of society are involved in drug use.

They become the soil that feeds drug addiction, low level life of a significant part of the population, unemployment, crime, moral decline, hopelessness. Entry into the market economy system caused a sharp redistribution national wealth, increased the degree of differentiation of the population in terms of income, gave rise to huge masses of people living below the poverty line, as well as groups of the population that could not find a place in the new economy. All this created the basis for a surge in crime and such a variety of it as drug trafficking and the spread of drug addiction.

A particular danger is that the drug business is one of the most lucrative types of criminal activity. The volume of import and distribution of drugs in Russia amounts to billions of US dollars annually. Not only “drug lords”, whose turnover is measured in hundreds of thousands of dollars, are involved in the activity of importing and distributing narcotic substances, but also millions of ordinary citizens, including young people.

In Russia, the problem of drug use by adolescents today has acquired appalling proportions. Five years ago, a 16-year-old drug addict was a clinical rarity, but now adolescents make up one third of drug addicts who applied for medical help... The younger generation and drugs are increasingly being used together today. Scientists of various specialties - doctors, teachers, psychologists, sociologists - are engaged in the study of aspects of the problem of drug addiction among minors. Numerous radio and television programs, articles in newspapers and magazines are devoted to the current topic. But still. Despite the efforts being made, it turns out to be impossible to stop the growth of drug use, the use of intoxicating substances, which are increasingly spreading among the youth.

The results of numerous studies show that there is a steady trend towards a significant and constant increase in drug use, with a simultaneous decrease in the age of young people who take drugs. It is schools and places of mass entertainment for young people that are the main places for the distribution of narcotic and psychotropic substances.

Drug addiction and drug trafficking represent, in our time, the proportions of an epidemic. They are spreading much faster than measures are being taken to combat these terrible phenomena... How to preserve what is human in a person? How can we save our children in our unrighteous life? This problem worries many people today, and they use all means to warn teenagers, to save them from a step that will lead them into the abyss. The deterioration of living conditions and the disintegration of the system of customary moral and ethical values ​​have the most negative effect on the state of morality in society. Therefore, prevention of drug addiction is of great importance in modern society.

V last years prevention work adolescent addiction it has greatly intensified, the lack of knowledge among students about the consequences of drug addiction is being eliminated.

Since the interests of the addict are focused only on the production and use of drugs, in the circle of his communication there are mainly antisocial personalities. An experienced addict has no job, friends, family. For society, it is completely useless and only gives rise to problems. Therefore, society, not only for the sake of its comfort, but also for humane purposes, seeks to reduce the growth of drug addiction and return people who are addicted to drugs to a full life.

And the most affordable and in a modern way for this is the prevention of drug and substance abuse in schools. After all, it is teenagers who most often become victims of these addictions. Children with the right approach and available information are able to form their own opinion about such a phenomenon as drug addiction. They are able to clearly understand what drugs are, how they affect the body, and what are the consequences of their use. It implies a set of measures to prevent the emergence of drug addiction. The life of potential drug addicts, members of their families and society in general depends on the quality of preventive work. Therefore, prevention of drug addiction in adolescents should not be carried out negligently and "for the sake of a tick."

Pedagogical prevention of drug addiction, substance abuse should be proactive. That is, the priority in its structure is the direction associated with the prevention of the primary treatment of a minor to intoxicating substances. All of the above made it possible to formulate:

Relevance of the topic. Today, the issue of the abuse of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is very acute and its final decision remains with legislators, doctors and society. Not only society should fight this problem, but each person should be aware of the great harm of drug addiction and try to fight it.

Object studies are adolescents aged 13-18 years.

Item this work- promotion of healthy lifestyle, the process of drug addiction prevention.

Target work - to study the theoretical foundations of the problem of prevention of drug addiction among adolescents, their attitude to drugs and the reasons for using drugs, as well aspresent developed methodsthe formation of a healthy lifestyle and anti-drug worldview of children and adolescents in the framework of the educational processin the MOU "Krivetskaya secondary school".

Z Tasks:

    Study of normative - legal and methodological materials on education and prevention of drug addiction;

    Collection and analysis of statistical data on the topic of work;

    Development of programs and activities for the formation of the anti-drug worldview of youth in the framework of the educational process.

    analyze scientific literature on the research problem;

    study the causes, factors and trends in the growth of adolescent drug addiction;

    to study the directions of social work for the prevention of drug addiction;

    to summarize the experience of solving adolescent drug addiction in the regions of the Russian Federation;

    develop and conduct a questionnaire;

    analyze the results of the study and develop recommendations for improving preventive work with adolescents at school;

    analysis, generalization of results, conclusions.

In the course of work, the following were used methods research: analysis scientific literature, questionnaire survey method, conversation, observation.

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of the problem of drug addiction prevention among adolescents

    1. Drug addiction is one of the social problems of modern society

Drugs have been known since ancient times. The beginning of their use probably coincides with the emergence of the human race. It is customary in all societies to accept active substances, capable of changing the mental state of a person. Since ancient times, they have been swallowed, chewed, inhaled, and recently they have also been injected with a syringe. Means causing a feeling of special uplift and disturbance of consciousness were used for social, religious or mystical rituals.

The concepts of "drug addiction", "drugs", "drug addict" have become part of the life of mankind and a special problem quite recently, inXXcentury, in the second half of it.

Drug addiction is a disease caused by dependence on a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance.

Drug addiction is a state of a person when he constantly thinks about drugs, seeks to get them for certain pleasant sensations or getting rid of mental discomfort. In order to get a feeling of euphoria, the addict goes to great lengths. He easily oversteps the boundaries of morality, destroys his family, becomes a criminal and even a murderer.

In the usual sense, drug addiction is a bad habit, a painful addiction to use. different ways(swallowing, inhaling, intravenous injection) drugs, in order to fall into a drugged state.

This condition can be caused by real drugs - opium, morphine, heroin. Drugging with these substances is considered a drug addiction itself.

Psychotropic substances (psycho- soul, tropes- direction), drugs that have a predominant effect on mental processes: they are used for various disorders of higher nervous activity (tranquilizers, sedatives, psychostimulants).

Psychostimulating substances (psycho- soul, stimular- drive, excite), medicinal substances that increase mental and physical performance (caffeine).

The World Health Organization gives the following definition: “Drugs are a substance or a mixture of substances that are fundamentally different from all substances necessary for normal human activity, and the intake of which entails a change in the functioning of the body as a whole, seriously complicates the activity internal organs, central and autonomic nervous system. "

The introduction of minors and young people to drug addiction is proceeding at a high rate and is characterized by a dangerous tendency. According to sociological research average age initiation of drug addiction decreased to 14 years for boys and 14.6 years for girls.

The worst thing is that drug use among today's youth has become commonplace, one might even say a tradition. It seems that in today's adolescents, not using drugs is considered indecent and not modern. Teenage drug addiction, according to statistics, has become a real epidemic in the country. The data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia show that 70% of drug users are adolescents and young people. At least once, 56% of boys and 20% of girls took drugs or toxic substances, and 45% of boys and 18% of girls continue to use them.The mafia makes incredible profits from drug sales. With the proceeds of this dirty business, thousands of shops, restaurants, cafes, markets are opened, where money obtained by criminal means is “laundered”.

Drug addiction is a disease of young people. It knocks out capable citizens from the normal flow of public life. This is precisely its threat to the future of the country.

There are several factors that influence the formation of drug addiction:

1) social factors:

Dysfunctional family (alcoholism or drug addiction of parents, low property level, lack of emotional contact, incomplete family);

The influence of the peer group to which the adolescent belongs;

Inadequate youth policy, lack of a real program of leisure, employment of minors;

Easy availability of psychoactive substances;

2) individual psychological factors:

An attempt to neutralize negative emotional experiences;

Striving to conform to the customs of their significant peer group;

Abnormal personality traits (adventurism, excitability, overestimated or underestimated self-esteem, intransigence of character);

Protest reactions (out of spite), against elders (parents, teachers);

Self-destructive behavior;

Curiosity;

Submission to pressure and threats.

From all this, we single out the three most common factors leading to drug use:

    for company;

    out of boredom (out of curiosity);

    get away from reality and problems.

From our point of view, there are only two main reasons for drug use: family and peers.

There are the concepts of “family deficit” and “social hunger”, when a child grows up without attention and care, without the necessary communication, which is often the reason for turning to alcohol and drugs during the period of growing up. The family, unfortunately, has largely lost its role in this process. Many parents lack the knowledge and experience to do this. But the family should not, has no moral right to withdraw from solving such an important problem. Rejection, coldness, lack of warmth and affection on the part of the parents first traumatize the child, and then harden him, push him to “another life”, to another society, where he will be understood, accepted, where he will not be condemned.

Family education is not easy. Even in well-to-do families, parents are often unable to provide entertainment for the child. It is important for parents to understand that he needs not only taking care of food, health and study, but no less, and even more, in organizing his free time, in maintaining interest in the world around him. It is known that the higher the cultural level of the family, the more interesting and calmer child at home, the later he leaves the influence of adults, the more he trusts the life values ​​of his parents, the less often he falls under the power of momentary impressions and entertainment offered to him “on the street”, the less he is influenced by fashion.

Very often, parents overprotect their child. Overprotection forces the child to “flee” from the parents “on the street”, which leads to the same results: to try to get away from parental control, for which he deliberately goes into conflicts with his parents.

Therefore, it is necessary to educate strong-willed character traits, educate adolescents in the field legal framework health protection, the correct attitude to life values, the formation of interest in creativity, cognitive activities, creating conditions for social and professional self-determination, preventive measures - all this helps to develop the need for a healthy lifestyle.

1.2. The main types and directions of work on the prevention of drug addiction

Prevention of bad habits, anti-alcohol and anti-drug propaganda is not only a message negative consequences, intimidating adolescents, it is also a competently built entire educational process, which gives a teenager an opportunity to improve himself, his personality.

Prevention of drug addiction - a set of measures of political, economic, legal, social, medical, pedagogical, cultural, physical culture, sports and other nature, aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of drug addiction. As world practice shows, no more than 2-3 percent of patients can be cured of drug addiction.

At the state level, the problem of drug addiction is being developed mainly in the context of combating drug trafficking, organizing education of the population in terms of legal responsibility and the medical aspect of diseases.

The mass media can also play an important role, as they largely shape public opinion. Only recently, the authorities and the media began to use videos dedicated to anti-drug propaganda.

Anti-drug propaganda is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, including physical culture and sports, aimed at forming a negative attitude towards drug addiction in society.

The existing drug assistance system is focused primarily on helping people who are already suffering chemical addiction and is not effective enough to help drug users at the onset of illness.

Prevention of drug addiction in general view is a set of measures aimed at preventing problems associated with the use of drugs.

Prevention can be viewed as a special type of activity that integrates the following areas of knowledge: medicine, pedagogy, psychology, sociology, information technology.

The most convenient place for preventive work is school. The school should do everything possible to promote the formation pedagogical culture parents, which is an integral part of the general culture of a person. It has accumulated the experience of the human experience of raising children in a family.

For most children, school is the main pastime and environment that determines their future destiny.

Teachers, psychologists, social educators can play a decisive role in prevention work. home pedagogical goal- to form psychological immunity, i.e. cause a teenager to have a negative attitude towards drugs.

Educational prevention prevents drug initiation, repeated drug use, and initial stage(additive behavior, i.e. addiction), the negative impact of drugs on personality development and on the very process of life of the student body.

The goal of pedagogical prevention is to create a situation in the educational environment that prevents the development of drug abuse; formation of a strategy for a healthy lifestyle; education of a personality capable of analyzing their actions, having critical thinking, skills of constructive interaction and resistance to group pressure.

Drug addiction, like alcoholism, is not a personal affair of an individual person. Due to the use of drugs, addicted people have a very high risk of AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, hepatitis, and no less possibility of their spread.

To ensure active work on the prevention of alcoholism and drug addiction, the provision of feasible medical and rehabilitation assistance to patients, an appropriate the legislative framework... After all, first of all, it is necessary to have administrative responsibility for the use of drugs and the possibility of examining persons suspected of drug addiction. Primary prevention of drug addiction and rehabilitation of minors using psychoactive substances should be broad-based.

Types of drug addiction prevention

In the terminology of the World Health Organization, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention are distinguished:

    primary prevention includes drug use warning. It should be carried out in four directions, involving broad educational work, sanitary and hygienic education, social control measures and administrative and legislative measures;

    secondary prevention includes active treatment of persons who have been identified as addicted to narcotic drugs. It also includes interventions that support therapy and prevent relapse;

    the task of tertiary prevention is in the social, labor and medical rehabilitation of drug addicts.

With primary prevention, the effectiveness of exposure is 60-70%, with secondary prevention - 30-40%, with tertiary prevention - 3-5% (21).

The solution to the problem of prevention of drug addiction among adolescents is of great social, economic and moral importance. We highlight the following areas of prevention:

    pedagogical;

    social;

    medical;

    legal;

    anti-drug propaganda;

    the formation of an anti-drug worldview.

Thanks to the joint efforts of the school, family, society, the growing citizen should be strengthened in the idea that it is he who is responsible for his own health and should consider it as the highest value. Because his health is the length of his life on Earth, it is life success and personal happiness.

Creation of conditions for a healthy lifestyle, as well as primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. To study how these areas of preventive work with adolescents are implemented in practice, let us consider a generalization of the experience of solving the problem in the regions of the Russian Federation in paragraph 2.1.

conclusions

Studying the scientific literature on the research problem allowed us to formulate the following conclusions:

1) drug addiction - a disease caused by dependence on a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance. In the usual sense, drug addiction is a bad habit, a painful addiction to the use of drugs, in order to fall into a drugged state;

3) factors influencing the formation of drug addiction: social, individual psychological;

4) There are two main reasons for drug use: family and peers. Both family problems and the example of peers create the basis for a child to turn to drugs;

5) prevention of drug addiction - a set of measures of a political, economic, legal, social, medical, pedagogical, cultural, physical culture and sports nature, aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of drug addiction;

6) according to the WHO classification, prevention is usually divided into primary, secondary and tertiary;

7) the main directions of drug addiction prevention and drug crime prevention are: the formation of an anti-drug worldview and the creation of conditions for a healthy lifestyle;

8) one of the tasks of the education system, along with research activities a healthy lifestyle of schoolchildren, carrying out medical and preventive and recreational activities, educational work with students is informational and educational work with parents;

9) demographic situation characterized by an increase in mortality, morbidity, caused a decrease in the proportion of children and adolescents in the structure of the population.

10), first of all, prevention should be based on a holistic information strategy that will orient young people to preserve their health and performance as the main and mandatory factors of personal well-being.

Chapter 2. Features and trends in the development of drug addiction in Russia

2.1 Generalization of the experience of social work on the prevention of drug addiction among adolescents in the regions of the Russian Federation.

Drug addiction in Russia is "getting younger" - 84% of drug addicts admit that they first tried drugs at the age of less than 15 years. The lower age limit for an addict is 13 years. Many parents find out about a child's drug addiction 2 years after the first drug intake.

According to sociological research -12,4% of the surveyed schoolchildren in various regions of Russia have experience of using drugs more than once. One third(33,9%) of the surveyed schoolchildren tried drugs for the first time between the ages of 16 and 18, includingfourth part -under the age of 13. Curiosity is the main motivation.(66,1%) - the desire to experience new unexplored sensations in life.

In Russia, the following features and trends in the development of drug addiction are observed:

the availability of drugs and the growth of the drug market;

high rate of drug addiction, especially among adolescents and children;

noticeable expansion of the range of narcotic substances;

the growing spread of cocaine, heroin and synthetic drugs;

the development of polydrug addiction (the use of everything in a row and in huge quantities);

reduced fear of drug addiction;

change in the belonging of drug addicts to a certain environment (not only to dysfunctional families);

feminization of drug addiction (an increase in the number of girls who are drug addicts);

In Russia, the number of drug users has reached 8.5 million, of which 660 thousand are officially recognized as drug addicts. Every year 86 thousand Russians or 235 people are addicted to drugs every day. 10-17 people are drawn into the vicious circle of drug addiction by each addict.

The total number of registered persons who use non-medical drugs and psychoactive substances in the Kursk region in 2013 increased by 3.6% (2012 - 4,144 people) and amounted to 4,296 people.

2.2 Monitoring attitudes towards the use of alcohol, narcotic and psychotropic substances. Forms and means of preventive anti-drug work with adolescents at school.

Currently, in almost all regions of the Russian Federation, comprehensive programs are being implemented that combine the efforts of state and public organizations when planning and implementing activities for youth.

Prevention of drug addiction is an integral part of youth education. For this, lectures and classes on drug prevention are held in schools, documentaries and feature films are shown. Such preventive work among adolescents gives good results, and it is constantly being carried out on a large scale.

First of all, pedagogical prevention should be constructive and positive, implying not only the prohibition of certain behavioral forms associated with intoxication, but also the development of individual mechanisms that provide a child or adolescent with successful social adaptation.

Information on the prevention of drug addiction meets the following requirements:

Should be positive and not have a tinge of hopelessness;

Negative information should highlight the tragic consequences of alcohol and drug use;

The media should not show scenes of drug and alcohol use;

Any publication should have a conclusion in the form of understandable information and recommendations for the prevention of alcohol and drug use;

Each publication must have a motivational impact on the targeted audience;

General educational work with children.

Today drug addiction in Russia is an unsolved problem. No methods have been found to eradicate it or even suspend it.The main goal of educational work is to form anti-drug attitudes and regulatory mechanisms in adolescents that ensure the implementation of behavior within the framework of a healthy and safe lifestyle. This direction is implemented through the introduction of special courses in anti-drug training into the work program of educational and leisure institutions, the organization of various thematic events (actions, shows, discussions, meetings of high school clubs).

Correctional work with children at risk .

The job involves helping minors in difficulty social adaptation... This direction is implemented through the work of the school's social teacher and school psychologist. These services monitor attendance, free time spent by children of the "risk group", implement psychological and pedagogical diagnostics, conduct individual consultations for students and parents, psychological and pedagogical control, organize correctional trainings, workshops, etc.

Preparing specialists for preventive work .

It is carried out by introducing special courses on drug training into the work program of pedagogical institutes and universities, as well as organizing methodological seminars for practicing teachers, psychologists, and sociologists.

Working with parents .

Allocate general and special work with parents. The general work is carried out by organizing the work of the parent lecture hall at the school, involving parents in the process of anti-drug propaganda and the formation of a healthy lifestyle among students. Special work is aimed at parents of adolescents at risk.

There are various forms and methods of organizing pedagogical prevention, which allows you to build educational work taking into account specific features adolescents and children. Here is some of them:

* Lecture and mini-lecture. The lecture is appropriate when working with older adolescents, and mini-lectures for children and younger adolescents.

* Student surveys (questionnaire Appendix 3, 6). The initial stage in the organization of anti-drug work.

* Role-playing games. Playing with children options for refusing provocative offers that form a certain behavior in them.

* "Round table" meeting of the high school students' club. Used when working with teenagers and older students.

* Cool themed hours.

* Extracurricular activities(court, communication hour, discussion).

The choice of informational, educational and educational material, as well as the forms and methods of its presentation, depend on the school psychologist working with adolescents, on social educators who are directly involved in low-income and disadvantaged families, difficult teenagers and their parents. An important role in the prevention of drug addiction in schools is played by ordinary teachers who see children every day and are better acquainted with their families. The class teachers conduct thematic cool watch, which are included in the plan of the school curriculum of the OBZH course on the prevention of drug addiction and bad habits among adolescents. Also, in the complex of measures for the prevention of drug addiction, telephone counseling is organized.

Three telephone services working in one system will be able to become a kind of information bridge for the population and will help track the coordinates of drug points.These are the following services:

1. "Hot line".

Her goal - inform the population about alcoholism and drug addiction, as well as provide information about medical and rehabilitation institutions.Interdepartmental group interaction in the field of drug control prevention:

36 – 15 – 34.

2. Round the clock"Support phone" for drug addicts. Specialists in chemical addiction work on the phone.

3. "Helpline". It differs from the support phone in that professional psychologists answer and give recommendations to questions.You can call about the facts of sale, manufacture of drugs, or other crimes in the field of illegal drug trafficking, contact the 24-hour helplineof the drug control department in the Kursk region: 56 – 11 – 00.

4. OGUZ "Regional Narcological Hospital"

Health Committee of the Kursk Region:54 – 72 – 91.

Thus, the problem of drug addiction among adolescents does not go unnoticed. A huge amount of effort, time, material resources and other resources have been invested in projects dedicated to this goal. Each project solves the problem in its own way, touches on different sides of the issue and tries to find the optimal solution to the problem.

In educational institutionspreventive activities, as a rule, are built on an integrated basis and are provided by the joint efforts of educators, teachers, school psychologists, doctors, social educators, and law enforcement officers. The school has developed a program "Comprehensive measures to combat drug abuse among students for 2010-2014", which was published in the collection of works by the winners of the regional competition for the development of layouts, symbols, program attributes and promotional materials that promote healthy lifestyles, a youth representative office "Your choice! "

OBZH teachers conducted a survey among students of grades 8-11, aimed at studying the attitude of adolescents to drug addiction, drugs, as well as to people who use drugs.

The results of the trainers' answers to the questions posed during the questionnaire.

Analysis of the survey conducted among students

1) Age: 13 - 18 years old

2) Participated in the survey: 74 people

3) What's your gender: male - 38; female - 36.

4) Place of study: MOU "KSOSH".

5) Most interesting subjects: physical culture, life safety, history, chemistry, mathematics, social studies, biology, physics, geography, Russian language and literature.

6) What feelings, experiences do you experience in connection with attending school?

a) I like communication with peers, some teachers - 39

b) I like some subjects - 16

c) teaching gives me some difficulties - 16

d) educational activity gives me a lot of trouble - 3.

7) Do you participate in your school:

a) in sporting events - 20 b) in creative activity - 19

c) in school, class events - 29 d) do not participate - 6.

8) Are you a member (s) of any circle, MK, public organization?

a) yes - 68: MK "Chance" - 20; Sunday School - 6; Sports sections - 20; Dance school -12; circles at school: "Vocal" - 5; "Geek" -2; "Tourism and Local Lore" - 3. b) no - 6.

9) Do you think you have a lot of free time?

a) yes - 9 b) no - 65.

10) What do you most like to do in free time?

a) to engage in any circles - 10 (see No. 8); attend an elective in social studies - 3; in biology - 2; in chemistry - 1.

b) walking on the street with friends - 26 c) playing on the computer - 20

d) spending time at home - 12.

11) If your opinion does not coincide on any issue with the opinion of friends, what is important for you:

a) the opinion of friends - 24 b) your opinion - 35 d) your own version - 18 -to find a compromise .

12) Do you consider it possible to defend your interests using physical strength? a) yes - 17 b) no - 26 c) sometimes - 31.

13) How do you feel about those people who smoke?

a) positive - 22 b) negative - 40 d) I don't care - 12.

14) How do you feel about people who often use alcoholic drinks?

a) positive - 10 b) negative - 46 d) I don't care - 18.

15) From whom did you first learn about drugs?

a) from friends - 8 b) from parents - 16

c) from teachers - 23 d) another option: on TV, in the media - 27.

16) Do you know people who use drugs?

a) yes - 27 b) no - 47.

17) How do you think a child whose parents drink alcohol feels?

a) he feels resentment, disappointment - 70 b) his own version:lack of care – 4.

18) If you have personal problems, who do you usually turn to for help:

a) to parents - 19 b) to friends - 20 c) to teachers - 7

d) relatives - 3 e) counting only on yourself - 24

19) Do you think you have your own personal life?

a) yes - 33 b) no - 20 c) find it difficult to answer - 21.

20) Do your parents know anything about your personal life?

a) nothing - 13 b) very little - 18

c) a lot, but not everything - 27 d) know everything - 16.

21) What do you value most in your life?

a) family - 51 b) friends - 7 c) love - 1

d) health - 10 e) study - 5 f) money - 0

Conclusions: Studying the experience of drug addiction prevention and promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as solving the problem of adolescent drug addiction in Russia and the conducted research allowed us to formulate the following conclusions:

The results of the survey indicate that the spread of bad habits affects our younger generation:

1) the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of drug addiction among adolescents - this is the work of all those who are associated with the upbringing of children: teachers, educators, school psychologists, social educators, social work specialists;

2) almost all teenagers spend most of their free time talking with friends, watching TV, computer games and the Internet,8% - to go in for sports,4% - reading of books. Attending circles, sections is occupied by adolescents30% free time;

3) the reasons why young people start using drugs, according to the respondents, are: curiosity, example of peers, avoiding problems and fashion;

4) our research shows that none of the respondents had ever tried drugs in their life, but among them there are those who know people who have tried them. This suggests that the present problem is strongly affecting our society at the present time, and confirms the fact that the number of drug addicts is steadily increasing;

Output: The age at which young people began to use drugs in 2008 was 21 years old, and by 2014 it had dropped to 13 years old.

Conclusion

Promotion of a healthy lifestyle and fight against drug addiction come to the fore today. Prevention of drug addiction requires enormous efforts and colossal financial costs. The first dose is usually offered free of charge, and then, when addiction arises, money will be needed. Drug addicts raise money for the following doses by any means: theft, drug trafficking, prostitution. Today, combating drug addiction is an extremely important task.

From the analyzed literature, we found out what drug addiction is, its causes, factors and growth trends. Authors such as Amend A.F., Dyundik N.N., Kurek N.S., Lapko A.N., Medvedeva E.V., Chernyshova V.N. distinguish social and individual psychological factors that influence the formation of drug addiction ... The main reasons leading to drug use are curiosity and boredom, the company of peers, escape from reality and problems.

We have studied the directions of social work on the prevention of drug addiction among adolescents. The main ones are: pedagogical, social, medical, legal prevention, anti-drug propaganda, the formation of an anti-drug worldview and the creation of conditions for a healthy lifestyle, as well as primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.

The ways to combat drug addiction are different. The main ones are social, medical and informational. The social method of struggle is aimed at eliminating socio-economic, household, social psychological reasons... The medical method of struggle helps the patient to get rid of addiction medically and psychologically. Drug addiction requires long-term treatment. The fight against drug addiction on a personal level is a complex and lengthy process that requires colossal joint efforts.

In almost all regions of the Russian Federation, comprehensive programs are being implemented that combine the efforts of state and public organizations aimed at preventing drug addiction and conducting activities related to youth.

So, drug addiction is a serious illness that leads to moral and social degradation of the personality, pushes teenagers who have lost control to delinquency. Drug addiction is a social, not just a medical problem. Prevention must be prioritized. Parents and teachers play an important role in the prevention of drug addiction among young people. Their main task is to show that life is beautiful, multifaceted, interesting, exciting, and then the main goal of every teenager will become a guide to a healthy lifestyle.

Bibliography

1. Wikipedia free encyclopedia [Electronic resource]: Narcology.-

2. Wikipedia free encyclopedia [Electronic resource]: Addiction.- http :// ru . wikipedia . org / wiki /Addiction

3. Gerasimenko N.F. Russia without a future? Drug addiction and alcoholism threaten the nation's gene pool. M., 1999.

4. Kolesnikov A. M... Drug addiction in Russia: state, trends, ways. Rostov-on-Don, 2000.

5. Concept public policy prevention of drug addiction and offenses associated with the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the Russian Federation [Electronic resource]:

6. Kulinich G.G., Bad habits: prevention of addictions: grades 8-11.-M.: VAKO, 2009

7. Kurek NS, Violation of mental activity and substance abuse in adolescence: scientific publication / NS Kurek. Research Institute of Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. - SPb .: Aleteya, 2001.- 220 p.

8. Lapko A.N. Addiction as social phenomenon// Law and law. - 2001. - No. 9. - S. 15 - 18

9. Medvedeva EV Risk factors influencing the formation of drug addiction / EV Medvedeva // Science-university-school: collection of articles. scientific. Works of young researchers. - Magnitogorsk, 2004.-Iss. 9. - S. 134-136.

10. Drug addiction and society [Electronic resource]:

11. The public in the prevention of drug addiction [Electronic resource]: .

12. Prevention of drug addiction in adolescents [Electronic resource]:

13. Shipitsyna L.M. and Kazakova E. I School without drugs. A book for teachers and parents. SPb. 1999

14. The federal law"O narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances ".

15. Chernyshova VN Pedagogical prevention of drug addiction among pupils and students as a socio-pedagogical process / VN Chernyshova // Sociology of education. - 2007. - No. 6.- P.4-11.

Drug use- the problem of modern society. Its development is proceeding by leaps and bounds. Prevention of drug addiction and substance abuse are factors in the struggle for the health of the population. The primary task is to prevent the emergence of addiction and save children from a terrible future.

Prevention among adolescents


The level of quality of preventive actions among young people is directly related to the life of drug addicts and their relatives. Thus, preventive action against admission toxic substances in adolescence should be carried out at a level and not for the sake of ticks in the reporting.

Prevention of drug use among minors is difficult enough.

Children are encouraged to visit special treatment centers, where excursions are conducted by a local specialist, so that the teenager sees drug addicts with his own eyes and makes a comparison for himself how the patient of the clinic turned from a handsome young man into a “wreck”.

This practice, although it causes a lot of controversy, shows high level efficiency. When visiting such medical institutions, the participation of a qualified psychologist is required.

It has long been known that a teenager's activity in the sports section or in a circle at a hobby school refers to effective ways not become a drug addict in the future. The child is busy with an exciting business, and he simply does not have time to try drugs.

Prevention in the family


The practice of psychologists shows that a person receives most of the necessary educational information in the family. Only mom and dad know how to influence a child so that he never even thinks about using drugs.

During the upbringing process, they conduct conversations with the child, showing pictures or videos as visual aids. In a normal family there is a set of unspoken rules, a system of values ​​is formed, aversion to an immoral lifestyle arises (characteristics of such existence).

It is based on the emergence of a trusting relationship with the child in the family environment, only in this case the conversations will be perceived by the latter adequately, and he will do exactly as the parents strongly advise.

Drug addiction prevention activities


There are the following actions for preventive drugs of any drug addiction:

  • Introductory lessons

The easiest way is to deal with children by communicating with them on the topic of drug addiction. The plans of many schools and educational institutions contain special lectures that reveal the problems.

Teachers and educators for schoolchildren and students cover all the information necessary for their age. More often, children get acquainted with the consequences of drug addiction. It is steadfastly hammered into young minds that drugs are evil.

  • Issuance of printed material

In many institutions (train stations, library rooms, classroom) stands are located that convey a brief minimum of practical information about drug addiction. They usually contain telephone numbers and addresses of companies that provide all the necessary assistance to people who have faced drug addiction.

  • Social advertising

In order to counteract the addiction, videos are distributed on television or radio programs that indicate the harmful effects of drugs on people's lives and health.

  • Law enforcement work

Law enforcement agencies play an important role in prevention at the international level by countering drug trafficking through state borders countries. The law establishes a list of substances, the circulation of which is limited or completely prohibited. A large number of special services work on the territory of the states, engaged in the fight against drug trafficking and their distribution.

  • State ban

There are a huge number of international directives and laws that regulate drug trafficking and establish the corresponding liability for violations.

Almost every state has legal regulations regarding narcotic substances. Punishment and its inevitability are a way to prevent drug dealing.

  • Work of government programs

The presence of state-owned companies and social movements, the main principle of which is to prevent the emergence of addictions, is a good weapon in solving the problem. Such organizations carry out complex activities.

Types of drug addiction prevention


Allocate the following types preventive measures:

  1. General

This option of preventive measures covers the younger generation. Its goal is to reduce or eliminate the impact of risk factors lurking in society. A difficult political situation, an unstable economy, the inability to find a job in the future are the reasons leading to irreversible personal changes, including the formation of addiction.

  1. Selective

The type of preventive action that affects social groups related to risky:

  • adolescents from antisocial families;
  • difficult children with behavioral disabilities;
  • young families who experience different kinds of problems in life.
  1. Symptomatic

The audience for symptomatic prevention is at a different level of participation in the drug issue. There is a group of people who take psychoactive substances with varying degrees of frequency, but doctors do not classify them as drug addicts. Such a person has acquired a behavioral deviation.

The World Health Organization notes three more types of prevention:

  1. Primary

Its meaning is to prevent use. Young people and children, given the necessary information, develop a negative attitude towards taking narcotic drugs.

  1. Secondary

Aimed at detecting people who have already tried drugs, this also includes drug treatment.

  1. Tertiary

Prevention is a measure that includes restoring the health level of a former drug addict and getting a job. At this stage, the support of relatives is important.

Prevention after rehabilitation


The goal of rehabilitation measures is to prevent relapse in persons who have successfully completed therapy. Simply removing the body's drug addiction from drugs is only half the battle. The man breaks down again. Rehabilitation works to eliminate the causes of addiction.

The prevention group after rehabilitation includes:

  • Attend events that are aimed at helping former drug addicts;
  • Continue the activities prescribed by the doctor on an independent basis;
  • Do not visit former drug addict friends, be more in the company of those patients who have overcome addiction;
  • Keep a diary in which to write down in detail emotional condition and feelings;
  • Start to deal with problems and difficulties, without shifting responsibility to relatives and friends.

Conclusion


Prevention of drug addiction is part of the task of eliminating drug addiction in society. The work of every citizen, non-profit associations, government organizations, as well as educational measures of parents in the family should ultimately lead to the complete elimination of drug addiction as a phenomenon.

It is necessary to start prevention at a young age, so the work of teachers and teachers is important and does not lose its relevance.

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Adequate drug prevention could save 109,000 lives annually. This is how many people in Russia die from the consequences of drug use. In this article, we will discuss drug prevention measures and try to answer the main question: what can you personally do to protect your loved ones.

Addiction Prevention: Two Levels of Problem Solving

On the one hand, drug addiction is a disease of society and the state. On the other hand, this is an individual misfortune of each patient and his relatives. Therefore, drug addiction prevention is carried out at two levels: state and family.

The state is fighting drug addiction in two ways. First, these are measures to suppress illegal traffic in prohibited substances. It is assumed that in this way it will be possible to reduce their spread. In fact, prohibitive methods often lead to the emergence of even more dangerous drugs with a constantly changing composition and unpredictable action - like the infamous Spice, for example.

Secondly, active propaganda work is underway. It is implemented through the media and various social institutions, including schools, colleges, universities. The task of propaganda is to help the younger generation realize the danger of drugs, instill healthy values, skills of adaptation in society.

The family faces the same tasks, but different methods are needed. Direct propaganda and punitive actions are unlikely to bring the desired effect where understanding and trust are in the first place.

Drug addiction prevention measures both at the state and family level are selected taking into account the target for whom they are directed. It is one thing for young people in general (as the most vulnerable category), and quite another for adolescents from disadvantaged families and other “risk groups”. In each case, the tasks and methods of preventing drug addiction will be different.

From this point of view, distinguish between general, selective and symptomatic prevention.

General prevention

General prevention of drug addiction is aimed at the younger generation as a whole. Its task is to eliminate or reduce the influence of social risk factors. Lack of social guarantees, confidence in the future, economic and political instability - all this can lead to personality changes, including the formation of addictions.

As part of general prevention, various activities are carried out aimed at:

  • informing young people about the dangers of drug use;
  • approval of "healthy" social norms (promotion of sports, education, healthy lifestyle and other positive values);
  • educational work in relation to the anti-drug policy of the authorities;
  • assistance to adolescents in overcoming difficult life situations.

Speaking about the general prevention of drug addiction, one cannot but recall the Strategy of the State Anti-Drug Policy, which is valid until 2020.

Within its framework, thousands of events are held annually, for example:

  • the project "Sports against drugs" - organization of competitions, sports events, festivals and other events under anti-drug slogans;
  • the action "Tell me where they sell death" - a round-the-clock helpline where you can anonymously tell about the spread of drugs;
  • educational program "Prevention of drug addiction among youth" for students and pupils.

Educational program "Prevention of drug addiction among youth"

Selective prevention

Selective prevention is targeted at risk groups. These include:

  • children from disadvantaged families;
  • “Difficult” adolescents with behavioral disorders;
  • young people in difficult life circumstances, experiencing social, psychological and other problems.

Psychologists, teachers, social workers deal with such children and adolescents. They provide individual and group consultations, trainings, games and sports events. In Moscow, for example, there are "Street Children" centers that organize preventive work with minors.

Symptomatic prevention

The target group of symptomatic prevention is already at the next stage of involvement in the problem of drug addiction. These are people who periodically use psychoactive substances, but are not yet considered drug addicts. As a rule, they already have behavioral deviations.

At the stage of symptomatic prevention, physicians - psychiatrists, narcologists - are involved in the work. An important role is played by the diagnosis of drug addiction.

Which organizations are responsible for the prevention of drug addiction among the population

The main body that manages the prevention of drug addiction at the government level is the GUNK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. State and municipal institutions are responsible for the implementation of the anti-drug policy in such areas as:

  • education;
  • healthcare;
  • youth policy;
  • social protection.

A special role belongs to the anti-drug commissions, which operate in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation and are subordinate to the State Anti-Drug Committee.

Psychological services for adolescents and other people in crisis situations also make a great contribution to the prevention of drug addiction.

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Prevention of drug addiction in the family

No matter how hard the state tries to solve the problem of drug addiction, the family has the main influence on the behavior of children and adolescents. To see problems in time and help to cope with them, to prevent transient difficulties from developing into a big trouble, to bring up a healthy, strong personality - the program is at least for every parent.

But it's important to avoid extremes. Total control usually provokes addiction. Interrogations, prohibitions on communication, meetings with friends, compulsory drug tests without objective reasons are measures of distrust. You need to start not with them, but with the creation of a healthy psychological atmosphere in the family and the formation of correct values.

Confidence

If a teenager is close to his parents, trusts them, is not afraid of their anger, he has no secrets. And adults do not need to pry what is wrong with the child: he himself will willingly tell about his problems. In such an atmosphere of friendliness and understanding, the likelihood that a teenager will start using drugs is extremely low.

Interests

Boredom, lack of experience is one of the reasons why young people start taking drugs. When a teenager has hobbies, life is interesting in itself, and in order to see the world in bright colors, you do not need to enter an altered state of consciousness.

Hobbies of adolescents

Encourage the child's favorite activities, help him find a hobby on his own, let him freely choose a business to his liking. It's good when the whole family has common interests. If a teenager spends time with his parents and enjoys it, he does not need a drug.

Confidence

Psychological problems, so typical of adolescence, often push adolescents onto the path of drug addiction. The stereotype among young people that drug use is “cool” can lead to an attempt to overcome self-doubt in such a simple but dangerous way.

A strong personality must be brought up from childhood - to communicate, explain, set an example by one's own behavior. Success in studies, sports, an interesting hobby, a "correct" social circle help to lay the foundation for a healthy psyche.

Knowledge

Tell your child honestly and openly what the use of different psychoactive substances leads to, give convincing examples. There is no need to gloss over the problem of drug addiction. By imposing a taboo, you inadvertently encourage interest in a forbidden topic. Not to mention the fact that a teenager can continue to use drugs due to basic ignorance of the consequences.

Personal example

It is useless to explain to a child the harm of addiction if you yourself are susceptible to it. Your actions always speak louder than any words. If you want a better future for your children, start with yourself, overcome the addictions you have and set the right example.

Rehabilitation

The goal of rehabilitation is to prevent relapses in those who have received treatment. The removal of physical dependence alone does not give an effect and almost always ends in a breakdown, if not accompanied by the restoration of social functions, a change in the entire value system. It is at the elimination of the psychological causes of drug addiction that rehabilitation is aimed.

An effective rehabilitation program meets several criteria:

  1. Complex impact
  2. Long term
  3. Individual approach
  4. Professionalism of employees
  5. Proven methodologies
  6. Support after the end of the program, assistance in adaptation and employment

The Solution program meets all these conditions. It is carried out sequentially, in several stages, and begins with motivational work, as a result of which the patient realizes the need to give up drugs. During rehabilitation, the patient gradually learns a full-fledged sober life: he gets used to controlling emotions, gets rid of psychological trauma, develops communication and learning skills, and acquires new interests. After the end of the program, the specialists of the Reshenie center guarantee the former drug addict lifelong support.

Drug addicts support group

Prevention after rehabilitation

To consolidate the result of the rehabilitation program, the specialists of "Solution" recommend to graduates:

  • engage in self-help groups;
  • continue to work independently in steps;
  • avoid the former company, prefer the society of recovering from addiction to former friends;
  • analyze your emotions using the "Feelings Diary";
  • to learn to cope with difficulties on their own, not to shift responsibility for their lives to loved ones.

After rehabilitation under the “Solution” program, patients receive lifelong support. The center's staff help graduates find work, provide an opportunity to study in self-help groups, and consult with a sponsor. If, despite following all the recommendations, a relapse still occurs, the Resheniya specialists will conduct a second course of treatment free of charge.