Why does a huge number of trees fall in Tyumen during hurricanes? And why earlier - 30-40 years ago - this was not observed? Why is it not possible to lay asphalt in the immediate vicinity of a tree trunk and what distance must be observed? Why will a tree with a covered root collar inevitably die? For these and other questions to the correspondent website answered the deputy director for scientific work branch "Siberian Forest Experimental Station" of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Mechanization (FBU VNIILM "SibLOS") Andrey Nikolaev. The specialists of this organization often act as experts during court hearings when business entities argue whose actions led to the death of green spaces. The modern level of technology development, according to him, allows scientists to tell his entire "biography" by cutting a tree: when it was planted, how it grew, developed and from what died. The mistakes made by contractors today during the improvement of territories can further lead to the death of trees and their fall during hurricanes.

Zhigulevskaya street. Photo by Maxim Zlobin

We contacted Andrey Nikolaev for comments after website public security inspector environment of the Forestry Department of the Tyumen Region Maxim Zlobin provided photographs of several dozen trees with a buried root collar on Zhigulevskaya Street. Landscaping is being carried out here, new sidewalks are being laid along the road. As a result, the territory looks elegant. But for green spaces, such a transformation of the territory can be detrimental. As part of the landscaping work on Zhigulevskaya Street, the territory was dumped, but, unfortunately, the contractor did not take care of the health of the trees: as a result, the root collars were covered with soil, and in some places asphalt paths pass in the immediate vicinity of the trunks. ...

How will this affect the future state of green spaces?

We asked this question to an expert in the field of forestry, deputy director for scientific work of the branch "Siberian Forest Experimental Station" Andrei Nikolaev.

“A tree with a root collar covered with soil and roots covered with asphalt will inevitably die. This can be compared with the impact on a person of the immunodeficiency virus: the body dies primarily from concomitant diseases. A tree with a covered neck dies either from stem rot, the development of a fungus or other concomitant diseases, or pest infestation, he explained. - How long such a tree will stand depends on many factors. This can happen in a year or in 2 years. Maximum, the tree will stand in such conditions for 10-12 years, - says the scientist. - Not the best way affects the health of green spaces and the proximity of asphalt. Concrete and asphalt should not be placed closer than 4 meters to the tree trunk, otherwise the roots overheat, die off, weaken and the tree dies. If you plant a seedling initially on a small area adjacent to a road or sidewalk (if the distance is less than 4 meters), then it will not form correctly root system: there will be few roots in the horizontal direction. This will result in strong wind the tree will become unstable and fall. In this regard, the planting of trees along the roads should be carried out taking into account the recommended distances in order to prevent their possible fall on the roadway. "

In the case when, within the framework of the improvement, the territory is backfilled with an increase in the surface level, it is necessary to take care of the presence of near-stem holes in order to minimize the possible negative impact on green spaces. According to Andrey Nikolaev, at the initial stage, by freeing the root collar and curing the tree, it is possible to neutralize this negative factor, but if the tree stands in this state for 2-3 years, then the processes that begin in the roots and trunk will be irreversible. Control over the state of green spaces should be carried out regularly - only in this case it is possible to prevent diseases and provide protection from harmful anthropogenic impact.

Why are so many trees falling in Tyumen recently during hurricanes? ...

Answering this question, for example, naturalist Pavel Sitnikov noted that old poplars fall first.

“Each case has its own factors. But, for example, poplars are not the strongest trees and are not long-livers, he explained. - For the most part, they all landed in Soviet times and they have now reached the peak of their maturity. I think that for the most part old poplars, which, naturally, 30-40 years ago, were still young and healthy, fall from gusts of wind, so they withstood the onslaught of the elements. It is necessary to inspect green spaces and promptly eliminate emergency trees, then there will be fewer cases of trees falling into a hurricane ”.

Meanwhile, Andrey Nikolaev believes that the increase in the number of fallen trees in the city during a hurricane indicates, first of all, an increase in the negative anthropogenic impact on green spaces, including overheating of the root system of trees as a result of the proximity of asphalt.

“A weakened tree will not be able to withstand strong winds and can fall when wind gusts exceed 15 m / s,” he says.

It should be noted that in Tyumen, unfortunately, contractors often violate the requirements prescribed in the improvement rules. This week this problem. It remains to be hoped that in the future the situation will change and contractors will not only comply with the improvement rules in full, but will also begin to take into account the recommendations of scientists.

Five cars were seriously damaged at once on the 5th street of the Yamskiy Pole. A large maple fell on the cars. The owners of wrecked cars believe that the weather is not to blame. It was raining, but there was no strong wind. But there are questions for utilities. They planted the lawn and cut the roots of the maple tree. So the old tree found a foothold on the other side of the road.

Utilities are urgently putting things in order on the lawn. They fall asleep on new soil, sow grass. In general, they eliminate the consequences of a completely unpleasant story - both for five car owners and for the engineering service of the Begovoy region. On Tuesday night at ten o'clock a huge maple fell here not from a hurricane. The weather was rainy, but completely calm.

The tree stood and at some point just fell to one side, by a happy coincidence, crushing only cars and not hurting people. The one-way 5th Street of Yamskoye Pole has become a dead end. Drivers, approaching the barricade, turned around and drove back in the sight of the police. Clearly under the brick. No one was deprived of their rights for this.

The work to dismantle the dam continued at midnight. And in the morning the realization came that the tree for some reason fell by itself, and who would pay for the broken cars is not clear. The council said that work was carried out here to lower the level of the ground.

"In order that in case of heavy rains that may occur, the soil is not carried out onto the roadway," explains Viktor Yuriev, deputy head of the improvement department of the Northern Administrative District of Moscow.

Experts explain that the technology is used to remove the top fifteen-centimeter layer of the earth. Instead, a layer of soil ten centimeters thick is filled up. And the roots of the trees do not suffer. Yuri Grudzinsky is just ready to argue with this statement. He explains that the tree that fell on his car - "ash-leaved maple" has a superficial root system. That is, the roots of the tree do not grow deep into the ground, but to the sides. Depth - from zero to half a meter. If you chop off the roots - the tree will fall.

"I am a builder by education and a lawyer with a second degree. Therefore, I can say. - That is, you can't do this? - You can't do that. We will prove it in court, if necessary," says Yuri Grudzinsky, the victim.

The fallen tree also turned out to be practically rotten through and through. This is evidenced by the dark core - it is visible on the cut. There is dust in the center of the trunk.

"The root system, which is in constant contact with overcompacted soil, with the area of ​​asphalt where overheating occurs, begins to slowly die off. And through the dead roots, rot passes into the base of the trunk and leads to the fact that the tree either upturns or breaks ", - explains Dmitry Kukharkin, forest pathologist.

True, this process is not fast and can last for decades. But could work with the lawn become the reason, even if not rotting of the tree, then at least weakening its root system.

"If we are talking about arranging a lawn, then this is usually a bedding. And the tree penetrates into this bedding with roots in 4-5 years. Therefore, if we change the lawn every 4-5 years, then we cut off the upper root system unambiguously," continues Dmitry Kukharkin , a forest pathologist.

Moreover, the neighboring trees were also not so long ago in the center of the improvement. Using a special tool, we examine the maple wood. Both trees showed signs of rotting. The rot age is at least ten years. That is, the conclusion is obvious - trees can fall. When is unknown. Whether their roots are damaged is also unclear. But most likely there are no botanists in the council. Lawn greeners are not like them either. Therefore, the study of trees is unlikely to be engaged.

A fallen tree is not such a rare occurrence. It can damage a nearby house, car, gazebo, fence, electric wires, a collection of your favorite plants ... There are cases when when trees fall, people suffer and even die ... How to recognize and protect emergency trees?

Sad statistics

Trees fall in different ways - they can fall entirely, twisting roots out of the ground, their trunk can grind almost anywhere, a large branch or part of the crown can collapse ... Any of these falls can cause a lot of trouble or even bring trouble. Here are just two sad examples. In May 2013, in Moscow, a huge branch fell off a tree growing next to house No. 74 on Leningradsky Prospekt and crushed two kids playing in the playground. With soft tissue bruises, the children were taken to the hospital. In June, the Bitsevsky forest park played out real tragedy- As a result of the fall of a tree, a two-year-old boy died.

Most often, fallen trees leave behind storm winds, but a tree can collapse completely unexpectedly in calm weather. Why do they fall? There are reasons for this, no tree will collapse just like that. Moreover, a healthy, well-formed tree can withstand severe external loads and withstand strong squally winds. A tree is a complex living organism, its stability largely depends on how it grows and develops.




Why are they falling?

There are four main reasons for the fall of trees and (or) their destruction: significant damage to the trunk by rot, violation of the integrity of the root system, strong inclination of the trunk, improperly developed crown. Let's consider these reasons in more detail.

Roots, among other things, perform an anchoring function. Without them, the trees would not have been able to maintain an upright position for a long time and would have fallen at the first gust of wind. The stability of the tree can be seriously affected by the strong development of root and root-root rot, as well as by significant mechanical damage to the root system (for example, when digging trenches in the immediate vicinity of the trunk or when the tree is "rolled" into the asphalt with preliminary removal of a thick layer of soil).

Trees with a strongly inclined trunk fall for purely physical reasons, obeying laws universal gravitation... Such trees become especially dangerous in the event of stem rot or damage to the root system.

Incorrectly developed crown formed in the absence of timely and qualified tree care, when they act according to a very popular principle: planted and forgot, maybe it will grow somehow. Arboreal trees need competent systematic care from the moment of planting to a ripe old age. In addition, in Russia, the vicious practice of planting trees is still used not from a nursery, but from a forest, where, in cramped conditions, due to competition, in deciduous trees, branches form a crown, spreading unevenly. With unskilled care, incorrectly growing branches (not corresponding to the architectonics of the crown) are not cut off in time, which subsequently leads to the collapse of parts of the tree.

There are four main reasons for the fall of trees and (or) their destruction: significant damage to the trunk by rot, violation of the integrity of the root system, strong inclination of the trunk, improperly developed crown.




Reveal in time

The emergency tree must be identified before it falls and causes damage. The presence of rot in the trunk may be indicated by dry bays, hollows, swelling of the trunk, fruiting bodies of mushrooms, etc. But sometimes these signs are present, but there is no developed rot. It also happens vice versa - rot in the trunk does not manifest itself as external symptoms. It is difficult to detect rot, and even more difficult to estimate its size. An error in this question is fraught with the fact that either the abandoned emergency tree will fall, or the non-dangerous instance will be deleted.

The old-fashioned way of tapping rotten trees is unreliable. And the use of an impulse hammer does not show a complete picture of the internal state of the barrel. I am glad that at the present time in Russia more and more actively distributed devices that allow you to "look" inside the tree, without causing him virtually any harm. Instrumental diagnostics of the internal state of trees is a modern scientifically grounded approach to solving this problem.

Appliance resistograph® produced by a German company Rinntech® drills wood with a thin (only 1.5 mm in diameter and 45 cm long) drill made of special elastic steel. At the same time, the sensors register the density of the wood (resistance to drilling). On the same tree, samples are taken in several places: at different heights and in different directions. Via computer program the obtained data (resistograms) are processed by a specialist, and a picture of the internal state of the trunk is revealed.

Arbotom® device manufactured by the same German company Rinntech® is a pulse tomograph, the principle of which is based on measuring the speed of sound impulses passing through wood. In this case, on the examined tree at the required height around the circumference of the trunk, from 2 to 24 sensors (sensors) are installed and a light blow with a hammer is alternately applied to the impact pin of each sensor. After each impact, the sensors record the incoming pulses. All data is transferred to the computer, and as a result, the program builds a plane model of the internal state of the tree trunk (tomogram). Plots with high speed sound passages (not affected by rot) are painted in blue and green tones, areas with average speed sound (with rot on initial stage development) - in yellow and orange, areas with a low speed (with developed rot) - in red and purple. The program allows, by changing the settings, to use other color solutions, including the black and white version.

The emergency tree must be identified before it falls and causes damage.

Additional modules of the arbotom program expand its capabilities. The 3D module allows you to conduct research and receive data on internal state tree trunk not in one plane, but immediately in the selected volume (cylinder ("saw cut" of the trunk) of the required height). Module Arboradix allows you to identify the location in space of first-order roots, as well as assess their qualitative state (rotten or not). Module Mechanic Graph allows you to determine the direction of the likely fall of the tree, taking into account the rot in the trunk and the geometry of the trunk cross-section.

The most important thing is that these devices are certified and successfully pass the annual certification in Rostest, which indicates their reliability and the reliability of the research result issued.

The decision to remove or save a tree is made by a specialist not only on the basis of the data obtained as a result of instrumental diagnostics, but also taking into account biological features tree species, the geometry and inclination of the trunk, the architectonics of the crown, the nature of nearby objects and some other factors. Therefore, if a large tree grows near your private house, parking, playground or resting place and you have a fear that it may collapse at one "fine" moment and cause significant damage, invite a qualified and experienced expert with certified equipment.




The problem of urban trees

But what if an emergency tree grows not on a private, but on an urban area? In this case, on your side Guidelines assessing the viability of trees and the rules for their selection and destination for felling and replanting. In the capital, they were approved three years ago - by the Decree of the Moscow Government No. 822-PP dated September 30, 2010. According to this document, the following categories of trees are subject to removal:

  • “High-aged (old and over-mature) large-sized trees with withered, broken large branches with a diameter of more than 8 cm or with dry branches of any size, making up more than a quarter of the crown.
  • Severely rotted trees with fruiting bodies wood-destroying fungi, with large hollows, dry bays, shrunken skeletal branches.
  • Trees with a trunk angle of 45 degrees or more.
  • Trees located at a distance of less than 5 m from buildings and structures (in accordance with SNiP). ”In addition, dead and dying trees are subject to removal; to a certain extent affected by vascular, necrotic-cancerous and rotten diseases and pests (coccids, bark beetles, barbel beetles, gold beetles, etc.), as well as falling into the zone of construction of buildings, structures and roads with subsequent compensatory plantings. Urban utilities must be encouraged to remove dangerous trees in a timely manner. These can be reported to the council of your district or write to the Department of Nature Management, including through the department's website in the "Question - Answer" section.

It is difficult to detect rot, and even more difficult to assess its size and extent. An error in this question is fraught with the fact that either the abandoned emergency tree will fall, or the non-dangerous instance will be deleted.

Choose a parking spot as far away from trees as possible. If there are trees near the parking lot, avoid poplars: they rot and fall more often than all other species, in Germany it is even illegal to plant them in cities. In addition, they have brittle wood, so there are frequent cases of large branches falling onto cars. IN mature age in most cases they have rot of aspen, willow, linden.

Oaks, elms, ash trees, maples, pines are affected by rot to a much lesser extent, although there are emergency specimens among them.

Before leaving the car in the parking lot, inspect nearby trees: if they have a strong inclination towards the car, if there are signs of stem rot (dry bump, swelling, hollow). Only after that you can calmly go about your business.

What if a tree or large branch falls on your car?

First of all, do not worry: practice shows that it is quite possible to compensate for the material and moral damage caused to you. If the car has a comprehensive insurance policy that provides compensation for damage in this case, you are in luck.

If you do not have such a policy, in addition to calling the police to the place where the tree fell, whose representatives will draw up a protocol, you yourself need to take a photo or video of the fallen tree. In this case, you should start shooting by tying the fallen tree to the terrain, that is, capture it against the background of nearby buildings, a fence, etc. Then you need to shoot close-up the place of the break on the fallen part of the tree and on the rest. Even if later all parts of the tree are taken away and the stump is removed, the expert will be able to establish the cause of the fall of the tree from photographs or video materials. The court appoints and accepts such examinations without any problems.

Notify about the incident DEZ, the operator who accepted the application must report its registration number. Next, invite an expert to assess the material damage and find out which organization is responsible for the maintenance of green spaces. Send her a claim with the requirement to compensate for the fallen tree material damage, attaching copies of all documents. If the organization did not pay the damage within the time period you specified, sue it. When filing a statement of claim, all available documents, photographs and video materials must be recorded on a CD, they will be included in the case materials. Then you should petition the court for the appointment of a forensic biological examination to establish the reasons for the fall of the tree with the provision of materials of the court case to the expert.




"The lungs of the planet" is an allegorical name for the trees familiar to us. These green spaces purify the city air from exhaust gases and hazardous waste enterprises. They give us shade on sultry days and enchanting leaf fall, returning adults to happy childhood... They are also just beautiful! They are decorated with light lime greens in the spring. And the emerald summer riot of leaves. Then it covers the autumn yellow-red glow. And then comes the time of "white hats" crowning the dark brown lace of "sleeping" branches.

Agree, all these pluses from large-sized trees are least of all fit with the phrase "dangerous tree". And nevertheless, everything is so: trees (especially large ones) are potentially dangerous both for the life and health of people and for property (both personal and communal).

Sad statistics

In the spring of 2013 in Moscow, a branch that collapsed in the courtyard of a house on the Leningradskoye Highway injured two kids playing on the playground. In the summer next year a tree fell down in Bitsevsky Park, under which a two-year-old boy died.

Of course, during stormy winds, you should beware of walking along the alley or standing under the crown of an old tree. But, unfortunately, large-sized animals and their branches fall even in absolute calm. Therefore, pruning old trees in an urban setting is completely impossible. And the situation outside the city is no better. After all, these large plants in any place remain living organisms, fraught with a considerable threat.

The stability of trees depends on their growth and development conditions.

4 reasons why trees fall

Emergency trees do not arise by themselves. Poor grooming and natural aging do their dirty work. The main reasons for this state of plants are:

Rot attacks not only the stem of the plant, but also the butt with the top. The most dangerous damage is the lower part of the tree - a rotten base can lead to a sudden fall, even on a normal quiet day.

Roots. This part of any plants plays the role of an anchor - they are in literally keep the tree in the ground. Without them, the trees, like tumbleweeds, would move from the slightest breath of breeze. Unfortunately, often the root system is destroyed not only from rotting wood, but also from its mechanical damage. Excavation work is the cause of this phenomenon. And then the felling of trees becomes inevitable - sooner or later the root will cease to perform the main, retaining, function.

Crown. If you act according to the principle - "The main thing is to plant", then the incorrect development of the crown will come much faster than you want. A couple of years will pass, and the overgrown green "cap" will become a real threat to everything around. Braided branches, their darkening, etc. contribute not to airing and, as a result, the growth of mosses and fungi. As a result, the branches get sick and collapse. Crowning trees is not a whim, but an urgent need for the normal development of large-sized plants.

Stem roll. It is enough to master a physics course at school in order to clearly understand that a displaced center of mass will sooner or later lead to a fall. Exactly this physical phenomenon is the cause of the collapse of highly inclined trunks. By the way, if the angle between the skeletal branch and the base branch is large enough, then the branch will also ever collapse for the same reason. Therefore, a tilted dangerous tree in the yard, in the park, in the garden or on personal plot must be entrusted to arborists.

Our experts will be the last to suggest cutting down a dangerous tree. First of all, they will advise cabling, brace - strengthening the plant. Therefore, if you value your green large-sized trees, consider cutting down dangerous trees as the last thing to do. We will help your large-scale owners stay luxurious and green - we have a lot to offer you!

What are the causes of falling trees during hurricanes? Often, after squall and hurricane winds, we see fallen trees and broken branches on the streets. Why is this happening? Which trees are the most dangerous? Is it possible for appearance to judge their sustainability? When is it necessary to remove a tree? How to strengthen it?

Falling trees under the force of the wind

You know there are trees conifers and deciduous, which in turn are divided into hardwood breeds (beech, oak, hornbeam, birch, etc.) and soft-leaved (poplar, linden, aspen, etc.)... The latter are more prone to decay and, as a result, break down more often than others. However, the type of wood is not the only thing that determines its strength, there are other factors. Any tree breaks only when it can no longer withstand external stress.

The most critical loads are strong gusts and hurricanes. During a hurricane, smaller and larger parts of the crown are more likely to break. First of all - dry and too thin, besides, branches that are too long and those that have internal defects (for example, rot). Particular danger threatens parts of the tree protruding beyond the closed array of the crown.

The tree stands upright and the wind blows horizontally. This is a particularly disadvantageous factor as the load increases due to the leverage effect. Bending, the tree itself decomposes the horizontally directed wind force into two vertical forces. On the windward side, the wood fibers are stretched, on the leeward side, they are compressed. The peak of deformation is located directly under the bark, the fibers in this place are most stressed, they are compressed or stretched.

Under heavy load, branches or weakened sections of the trunk may become overloaded. The primary results of deformation remain, and, depending on the type of bark, they are more or less clearly visible. The tree experiences increased mechanical stress and, if sufficient vitality able to compensate for the deformation by thickening - a build-up is formed. When the fibers are no longer able to withstand the load, they break with a loud crash - breakage occurs.

A hurricane gust of wind can tilt a tree along with its root disc. After weakening the load, the tree remains in a tilted position. Such cases are often found among insufficiently resilient young trees, but they can also be observed in the forest after strong hurricanes. One tree bends down and soon falls, the other maintains a large angle of inclination. The reason for this is that the first tree is rotten or cut off roots, while the second has a healthy root system because it was correctly anchored after transplanting with a movable rope.

Internal enemy

The load-bearing branches, trunk and root slugs together constitute the load-bearing parts of the timber. They consist of external, still living structures and internal dead wood parts. Both layers have a large margin nutrients and therefore represent an attractive target for attack by many organisms. As a result of the vital activity of some of them, for example, autumn honeydew or bark beetle, the cambium is damaged.

Cambium- educational tissue in the trunk, branches and roots of trees, giving rise to secondary conductive tissues and ensuring their growth in thickness. Seasonal changes in cambium activity determine the formation of tree growth rings.

New transport vessels or parenchymal cells may form in the affected areas. But, despite this, the attacks of primarily rotting fungi always lead to a decrease in the tensile strength if the volume of destroyed wood exceeds the growth of newly formed wood.

Diagnostic problems

About the presence inside the tree rot, which often leads to problems, can indirectly testify to the so-called external diagnostic signs... These include outcrops of fruiting bodies of fungi (for example, tinder fungi), damage to the trunk, etc. The first thought that visits a competent specialist when they are detected is whether there is rot inside the trunk? What size is it and is the tree dangerous for people? And then a problem arises: how to find out reliably?

A few decades ago, the diagnostic devices that a specialist had at his disposal were a hammer and a metal rod. The barrel was tapped first and made a decision based on their experience and hearing. The second was measured the depth of rot, if, of course, there was an opportunity, since the depth can only be measured at rot that has an outlet (for example, a hollow).

When rot is detected, next questions: how to determine its size and percentage of the ratio of affected and healthy wood and whether it is necessary to remove the tree? And, as a rule, there was no reliable answer to them, which often led to an incorrect conclusion and a large number mistakes, because of which, often, being reinsured, beautiful trees were removed, and they could continue to please people for more than a dozen years.

The conclusion suggested itself: the existing (and they are still found in the practice of individual "specialists") old-fashioned methods of examination cannot be taken as the basis for passing the final verdict on the tree. For example, a competent specialist knows that starting from a trunk diameter of 120 cm, the static stability of trees is already so great that they can stand firmly even being hollow inside, like a water pipe. And the presence of extensive rot is not a factor requiring the removal of the tree. Since in an aged specimen, the size of the crown does not increase and the growth is distributed over the constantly increasing girth of the trunk. But the increase in diameter strongly depends on many factors, and above all on the plant's own vitality. An old tree begins to break if the crown has not been insured with modern damping systems in advance to eliminate the danger.

New techniques

Fortunately, progress does not stand still, and now specialists who professionally treat trees have modern high-tech devices and methods (resistography, tomography, ultrasound) that reliably determine the location of the defect and its size. But, even having received with the help of these devices the indicators of the percentage of healthy and rotten wood in the trunk, it is impossible to decide the fate of the tree with 100% probability. Often, additional, deeper studies of the annual layers of the tree are required.

And here dendrochronological methods come to the rescue, with the help of which the width of the annual layers, the percentage of the ratio of early and late wood, and the density of wood are investigated. Only by combining all these data, it is possible to conclude whether any danger comes from the tree or not, and to make a final decision on its fate.

How to strengthen a tree

When the question arises of how to strengthen a tree and thereby extend its life, a professional cannot do without modern scientific equipment. We must understand that it is possible to strengthen the statics of a tree by using tree crown insurance systems (for example, "Cobra-Baumzikherung") and it is possible to strengthen the tree's immunity (for example, to increase resistance to pests). In the second case, in order to prescribe a complex of medical procedures, which include fertilization, soil aeration, and installation of injection systems, it is required to have data from the conclusions of deep research. Because you can't just throw, for example, fertilizers into the zone of the root system. And in order not to worsen the already poor condition of a sick tree, it is necessary to accurately calculate the dose and method of fertilization, especially when it comes on the use of insecticidal or fungicidal preparations.

In conclusion, I would like to remind you that a tree is a very complex living organism, the lifespan of which is influenced by many different factors. Only specialist with fundamental special education, has every right to proudly call himself a professional and work in such an important, respected and responsible field as diagnostics, treatment and care of trees.


Having invited a specialist with diagnostic equipment to examine the tree, be sure to ask what his qualifications are, since the device only gives out special graphic symbols (like cardiogram data) and the specialist's task is to correctly decipher and interpret this data in conclusion (you cannot decipher the cardiogram data yourself hearts).

Only the device can provide reliable data. certified in Federal agency on technical regulation and metrology. And if the data of the device is required to consider a controversial case in court, then the court can attach to the case materials only the conclusion of the device, which is registered in State register measuring instruments and approved, respectively, for use in Russian Federation(in this register, after deep checks and control measurements, only certified, accurate measuring instruments are entered). This will give you the guarantee of obtaining an accurate and true research result with its help.

Resistance- the body's resistance, immunity to any external factors.

Sergey Palchikov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

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