Big twenty (G20): Composition. Big twenty countries. Big twenty: General characteristics of the country included in a large 20 ku countries

Big twenty(Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, G20) - International Club in the format of meetings at the level of ministers of finances and heads of central banks, since 2008 - Summit on summit 20 most developed industrial countries. In the large twenty, 19 National Economies include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, United Kingdom, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Canada, China, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, USA, Turkey, France, South Africa, South Korea and Japan. A separate member of the twenty is the European Union. Two-thirds of the inhabitants of the planet live in the countries that are held in a large twenty, their countries account for about 90% of global GDP and 80% of world trade.

Big twenty It was created in 1999 on the initiative of the members of the Big Seven during the German Chairmanship to discuss the issues of world economic and financial policies and the management of the dialogue with developing countries. The constituent conference was held on December 15-16, 1999 in Berlin.

A task Big twenty It was in finding ways to exit the financial crisis of the late 1990s. The first meeting took place in 1999 in Canada.

In 2008, with the beginning of the global crisis and the need to make anti-crisis measures, the format of meetings has changed. The first summit at the highest level was 14-15 November 2008 in Washington, USA as an anti-crisis, which discussed issues related to the global financial crisis. Among the measures that the leaders of the countries promised to take - stimulating economies, providing markets for liquidity, support for financial institutions, defrosting credit markets. They also intended to weaken the tax burden within their countries to stimulate domestic demand.

The second anti-crisis summit was held on April 2, 2009 in London, United Kingdom. The summary of the meeting: the crisis is not yet overcome, States need to continue to assist the global economy in the same amount as before. The meeting discussed the reform of the International Monetary Fund.

September 25, 2009 Summit was held in Pittsburgh, USA. In a joint statement of the participating countries, the summit states that the Summit of Greater Twenty will become the main economic forum in the world, thereby taking place the place of the Summit of the G8. This solution will allow to build a more stable and balanced world economy, Implement the financial system reform and raise the standard of living in developing countries.

November 11-12, 2010 the twenty summit took place in Seoul, South Koreawhere the global economy issues were discussed international Trade and climate change problems. In addition to the final declaration, the following documents were adopted: Anti-Corruption Plan for Action, Framework Agreement to ensure confident, sustainable and balanced economic growth. The agreements of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision of the Gradual Introduction with 2013 new banking standards of capital and liquidity (Basel III) were approved, which increase the requirements for the sustainability of banks. South Korea's offer to create global Network Financial security, which makes it possible to provide operational access of countries to credit resources through the IMF mechanisms in the event of a crisis.

Including positions were agreed to prevent excessive fluctuations in currency exchange rates and artificial devaluation of currencies. The main result of the summit is the adoption of the Seoul Plan of Action and measures to reform the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

On October 18-20, 2011, the twenty summit was held in Paris, France, which discussed issues of reforming the international financial system and the possibility of developing a universal social base. Measures were planned to resolve the debt crisis of the Eurozone, improving the efficiency and flexibility of the European Fund of Financial Stability (EFFS) and stimulating the global economy.

2012 Los Cabos (Mexico). At the summit were discussed economic questions, the main theme The European debt crisis became. A decision was made to increase the IMF reserves worth more than 450 billion dollars.

Opened on Friday in German Hamburg.

Below is reference information.

"Group of twenty" (G20) - Presenter Forum international cooperation According to the most an important aspects International Economic and Financial Agenda.

The main objectives and objectives of the forum:

Coordination of policies between members of the G20 in order to achieve global economic stability and sustainable growth;

Promotion of financial regulation that would reduce risks and prevented future financial crises;

Creating a new international financial architecture.

The decision on the formal institution of G20 has been made at a meeting of ministers of finance and chairmen of central banks of seven leading industrialized economies (United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, USA, Germany, France and Japan) in Washington in September 1999. The constituent conference took place on December 15-16, 1999 in Berlin.

The prerequisite for the creation of the G20 was the financial crisis of 1997-1998, which demonstrated the vulnerability of the international financial system in the context of globalization of economic relations, and showed that key developing economies are not involved in discussion and management global economy. The main activity format of the steel forum annual meetings At the ministerial ministers and heads of central banks.

In November 2008, it was decided to change the format of the G20 meetings and hold meetings at the level of leaders (heads of state and governments), after which the forum received its current meaning.

Currently, the status of a permanent member of the Twenty Group has 19 countries and the European Union (EU). "Twenty" includes Argentina, Australia, Brazil, United Kingdom, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Canada, China, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, USA, Turkey, France, South Africa, South Korea, Japan and Russia.

Traditionally, its permanent members, five invited countries and international organizations take part in the leading summits of the leaders of the G. Twenty.

The European Union is submitted by the Chairman of the European Commission and the Chairman of the European Council.

Summits are held in a country that performs the duties of the Chairman of the Group.

The presiding country varies annually on the principle of rotation and alternation of regions. In 2015, Turkey presided over, in 2016, the Summit was held in China, H in 2017, Germany is taking "big twenty". In 2018, the Summit will be held in Argentina.

Three consecutive presidency (past, current and future chairman of the G20) are unworn in the manager of the Troika, joint work which ensures the sequence and continuity of the "G20", strengthening legitimacy and transparency of decision-making at meetings.

Currently, the Troika includes China (the receiving party in 2016), Germany (chairman-chairman in 2017) and Argentina (Chairman in 2018).

The chairmanship itself is consistently prepared, developing draft documents and approval with partners in the development of the global economy and currency and financial architecture. Issues are set, meaningful both for the chairman of the chairman and the priorities of other partners of the Twenty Groups.

The preparation for the annual summit is conducted by the highest officials called Sherpami, which represent the leaders of the Group of Twenty.

Since November 2010, G20 leaders have decided to gather no more than once a year.

In 2016, the G20 summit on the topic "Construction of an innovative, healthy, interconnected and inclusive world economy" took place on September 4-5 in Hangzhou (China).

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