Changing the endings of parts of speech that have a case category makes it possible to use the necessary forms of words for communication in a sentence. The accuracy and literacy of speech depends on the ability to correctly use words in the right case. Distinguishing the genitive from the accusative is easy if you know what each of them serves for.

Genitive:

  • indicates that the subject of speech belongs to someone or something (oriole's nest; friend's advice; city streets);
  • reflects the ratio of the part and the whole (a cup of tea; a loaf of bread; a lock of hair);
  • used if there is a comparison without indicating the object of comparison (harder than steel, softer than silk, colder than ice);
  • indicates a connection with a verb that is used with a particle not (not to be afraid of the dark; not to see the horizon, not to love a neighbor);
  • indicates a connection with a verb denoting desire or intention (to wish good; wish good luck, avoid responsibility).

In each of these cases, the nouns used in the genitive case are dependent words. From the main ones, one can pose questions to them: there is no one? or not what?

Accusative stands for:

  • an action aimed at the subject of speech (read a book, stroke a dog, eat a sandwich);
  • spatial and temporal relationships (overcome an obstacle; take a barrier; work a week).

From the main word to the noun in the accusative case, one can pose questions: I see whom? or see what?

Findings site

  1. Inanimate nouns have different endings and answer the question (no) what? in the genitive case, (see) what? in the accusative.
    For example:
    I can do without (what?) an umbrella. (R. p.)
    I will plant (what?) a tree. (V. p.)
  2. The endings of animate nouns in the genitive and accusative cases may coincide. In this case, cases should be distinguished according to the meaning of the sentence.
    For example:
    I can't do without my father's help. (whom? auxiliary question: no one? - R.P.)
    We remember my father as young and energetic. (who? secondary question see who? - V.P.)
  3. The case of immutable nouns is also determined by context.
    For example:
    I want to buy a new coat. (whom? what? - V.P.)
    The cage was without a kangaroo. (whom? what? - R.P.)

You will need

  • Nouns in the genitive and accusative cases.
  • Knowing the definition of cases.
  • Knowledge of questions defining cases.

Instruction

Genitive
According to the definitions in, the genitive case means:
Belonging to someone or something, for example, "a fox skin", "teacher's journal";

If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, for example, “magazine page (R.p.)”;

Displaying an attribute of an object in relation to another object, for example, “survey results (R.p.)”;

The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle “not”, for example, “does not eat meat (R.p.)”;

The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or removal, for example, “wish happiness (R.p.)”, “avoid responsibility (R.p.)”;

If there is a comparison of objects, for example, “stronger than oak (R.p.)”;

If the noun is the object of a measurement, or a genitive date, such as "a spoonful of sour cream" or "Day of the Paris Commune".

Accusative
According to definitions in Russian, the accusative case means:
Transition of the action to the subject in full, for example, “flip through a magazine”, “drive a car”;

Transfer of spatial and temporal relations "walk a mile", "rest";

In rare cases, it is formed as a dependence on, for example, "it's a shame for a friend."

In order to never confuse a noun, it is important to remember that each case in the Russian language corresponds to a universal question, asking which this noun, as a result, we get the corresponding case.
The genitive case corresponds to the question “no one?” for the animate and “there is nothing?” for inanimate nouns.
The accusative case corresponds to the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns.
It is extremely difficult to determine the cases of nouns according to its definitions. Let's say that remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings of nouns quite often coincide.
Let's give an example using an animate noun in plural:

Nearby I noticed people (see who? - V.p.)

There were no people around (there was no one? - R.p.)
As you can see, the word is inclined in both cases in the same way.

But, in order to finally make sure that the definition of the case is correct, mentally substitute an inanimate instead of an animate noun.
For example:

Nearby I noticed a pole (I see who? - V.p.)

There were no pillars around (there was no one? - R.p.)
The example shows that an inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change, unlike the same noun in the genitive case.

From this we can draw the following conclusions:
1. To distinguish the genitive from the accusative, ask the noun a qualifying question.

2. If you determine the case of an animate noun, because the question "who?" applies to both cases, then substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it a qualifying question. For the genitive, it will be “there is nothing?”, And for the accusative, “I see what?”. If the word looks like in , then your noun's case is accusative.

In most cases, distinguishing between the forms of the genitive and the accusative case does not present any difficulties: you just need to pay attention to case endings. If the endings of both forms coincide, you need to act according to following algorithm.

Instruction

If you have inanimate in front of you, then you should ask a question about it. Nouns in

The accusative case is used in combinations of words and sentences only with verbs or with its forms, such as participle or gerund. And also the accusative case answers the questions: “What?” and "Who?". Most often it is used as an expression of a direct object of action: I write a text, play football, build a house and similar phrases. More about the accusative case and its differences from the genitive will be written in this article.

Such a case can mean absolutely different meanings . Accusative:

  1. (Time) - the time of the action that has already been completed: walk every morning.
  2. (Quantities) - the quantitative side of the verbal action: cost thirty rubles.
  3. (Measures) - a measure of time or space: walk a hundred steps.
  4. (Object) - the object on which the action is directed: open the door.
  5. (Result) - an object - the result of an action: cook soup.

If you remember the questions of the accusative case "Whom?" or “What?”, you will have no difficulty in identifying it.

What endings can the accusative case have?

By questions of case, you can determine the end of the word.

The accusative case has the following endings:

  1. The noun that is in singular: dog, door, table, computer, road, car.
  2. Accusative plural: dogs, doors, tables, computers, roads, cars.
  3. In the singular, the adjective and participle end: round and round, round, round; hard and hard, hard, hard, doggy and doggy, doggy, doggy.

What prepositions are used

This form of the word is combined with many prepositions., complex and simple. In the event that the word is combined with such prepositions as: with, on, for, in or under (simple), then it determines some meaning. The definition can be by purpose, cause, time, property, state, etc. Together with a simple preposition, such words can have completely different meanings: pick berries, swim along the river, play hide and seek, and so on, that is, have an objective meaning. Also, the word can carry the completion of information.

When complete sentences, in which there are simple prepositions, phrases act in a completely different meaning. For example, the phrase indicates a predicative meaning (reward for participation). And it can also spread the offer (there is a school not far from home; the long-awaited holidays are coming in the summer.) Together with the prepositions “under”, “for”, inaccurate facts are expressed (she is about twenty, he is under thirty).

Even such nouns are combined with compound prepositions (not paying attention to, after a day).

The difference between the accusative and the genitive

In order not to get confused when determining the case, you need to understand that for each option there is an individual question that is important to ask correctly.

If you ask a key question and find a matching option, then you can easily determine whether the word is in the genitive or accusative case. A word in the genitive case often refers to the relationship of an object to something, the relationship between wholes and parts, the description of an object in comparison with another object, the object that is influenced, and the like. These nouns must answer the questions "what" and "whom". Finding out the case of a noun, focusing only on the ending or meaning is quite difficult, as there are many nuances and you can make a mistake.

In such variants, even the endings of words sometimes coincide. Most often, you can make a mistake if you need to determine the form of an animate noun. In the event that it is rather difficult to understand the form with the question “whom”, then it is necessary to mentally replace the animate word with the inanimate. Put the question in the accusative form “I see what?”, And in the genitive - “there is nothing?”. If the noun whose form needs to be clarified turns out to be the same as in the nominative case, then this will mean that it is in the accusative.

The next way to distinguish accusative and genitive form. In the event that you need to determine the case form of an inanimate noun, then put the necessary question that needs to be answered. For example: I am carrying (what?) a package, I am looking (at what?) at the package. In the second version, the word is in the genitive case.

If the noun is animated, has a second declension and a masculine gender, then it is enough to replace it with any word of the first declension and pay attention to the ending. For example: I see a cat - I see a dog: the ending -y denotes the genitive case; no cat - no dog: ending -i - accusative).

In the event that the animate noun is plural, then it must be mentally changed to any inanimate that answers the question “what?” (I love horses - I love (what?) clothes - accusative; I love the beauty of horses - I love the beauty of clothes - genitive).

It is important to pay attention to the fact that in Russian there are many words that do not decline (coat, metro, and others). In all cases, they remain unchanged.

There is a chance that the methods described above will not help. You should always check the case by asking the key question to avoid mistakes.

Video

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The accusative case answers the questions "whom? what?" and is used in sentences and phrases only with verbs and its forms (participle and participle). The most common function of this case in Russian is the expression of the direct object of the action: read a book, draw a picture and so on. What else can the accusative case mean, and how to distinguish it from the genitive? Read the article below!

What does fall mean?

The case, which will be discussed in the article, can have completely different meanings.

For example:

  • The accusative of time will indicate the time of the already completed action - "meet every Tuesday."
  • The accusative quantity should be used to indicate the cost, when there is a reference to the quantitative side of the verbal action - "to cost a hundred rubles."
  • A noun in the accusative case of measures will indicate a measure of time or space - "run three kilometers."
  • The accusative object will call the object to which the action is directed - "throw the ball."
  • The accusative of the result will designate an object that will be the result of some action - “sew a T-shirt”.

In order to determine the case in front of you without error, you need to know the questions of the accusative case (whom? what?). Substitute the word “blame” or “see”, and you will immediately understand everything. For example, I blame (who?) my grandmother, I see (what?) a cutlet.

Case meanings

This form of the word has two main meanings: objective and subjective.

  1. The object meaning may appear next to a transitive verb ( buy a cat), next to the predicate ( sorry, apparently, it is necessary, it hurts, sorry for the dog) and in one-part sentences expressing the required object ( reward for the brave).
  2. Subjective meaning can be expressed only in a sentence (not in a phrase). Such a meaning can have an accusative case, located at the beginning of a sentence that tells us about the state of the person ( the guys were inspired by the award). The subjective meaning expresses the case in sentences like "The child is chilly." This meaning is also expressed by sentences that do not have a clear subject of action ( killed a man).

Case endings

Questions of the accusative case determine its endings.

So, what should be the endings of these forms of words?

  • Nouns in the singular: horse, land, mother, pig, field, mouse, path, banner.
  • Accusative plural (the number plays a big role in setting the correct ending) of the number: horses, edge, mothers, pigs, fields, mice, paths, banners.
  • Adjectives and participles in the singular have the following endings: oval and oval, oval, oval; soft and soft, soft, soft; hare and hare, hare, hare.

Accusative prepositions

This case can be combined with big amount prepositions, both simple and derivative. If the word is combined with simple prepositions (in, for, under, on, with), then it has a definitive meaning. Moreover, this definition can be different - in place, time, property, reason, purpose, and so on. Paired with a simple preposition, the word in the case we are analyzing can also have an objective meaning ( vote for a deputy, go for mushrooms). The word can also fulfill the function of replenishment necessary information (passed for a talker).

In the whole sentence, the form of the word in the accusative case, paired with a simple preposition, performs other functions. For example, a case can indicate a predicative feature ( bravery medal). The accusative can even extend the sentence ( a kilometer from the village - a lake; V New Year miracles happen). Paired with the prepositions "for" and "under" the word can express the meaning of approximation ( he is in his forties, she is in her fifties).

Also, words in the form of the accusative case can also be combined with derivative prepositions ( in spite of, in spite of, after a day).

How to distinguish accusative from genitive: method one

In order not to confuse the cases of the Russian language, you need to remember that each of them has its own question, depending on the meaning of the case. By asking a universal question and finding a match for it, you can easily understand the word in which case is in front of your eyes. The genitive case more often denotes belonging, the "whole-part" relationship, a sign of an object in relation to some other object, an object of influence, and so on.

For this form of the word, the questions “there is no one?”, “there is nothing?” Are fixed. The accusative case will answer the questions “I see whom?”, “I see what?”. It is very difficult to determine the form of a word only by its meaning or ending. It is too difficult to remember all the meanings of the genitive and accusative case, they have many nuances. And the endings of nouns in these forms can even coincide!

Difficulties can especially often arise in determining the case of an animate noun. If the question is "who?" does not help you cope with the task, then imagine an inanimate noun in place of an animate noun. Ask a question for the genitive "no what?" and for the accusative "see what?". If the word being defined has the same form as in the nominative case, then it is in the accusative.

How to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive: the second way

  • If the noun in front of you is inanimate, just ask the right question ( I buy (what?) flower pots; I don’t see (what?) planters). In the second case, the word is in the genitive case.
  • If you see an animate noun of the 2nd declension masculine, put any word of the 1st declension in its place and watch the ending ( I see a boar - I see a fox: ending y - genitive); ( no boar - no fox: ending ы - accusative).
  • If you see an animate noun in the plural, then simply replace it with an inanimate noun ( love people - love (what) letters- accusative; I love the kindness of people - I love the kindness of letters- parental).

Remember that in Russian there are many indeclinable nouns ( coffee, pot and so on) that look the same in any case. In this case, all the above tips may not work. Always check the correctness of determining the case with a key question, and there will be no errors.

Noun is a part of speech that names things and answers questions. What? » / « Who? ". In Russian, a noun acts as an object, circumstance, subject or predicate. This is one of the main lexical categories denoting the names of things, organisms and living beings, persons, events, facts, geographical location, phenomena, as well as properties, states, qualities and actions. The noun is modified according to special cases, between which there is a certain system of differences. To avoid grammatical and lexical errors, it is necessary to be able to distinguish between them.

Necessary:

To learn to distinguish the accusative from the genitive, you need to remember school curriculum Russian language for grades 4-5. In this case, you will need not only school textbook, but also a case table.

Instruction:

  • The school textbook tells us that there are only six cases in Russian. They are called as follows: nominative , dative , prepositional , instrumental , accusative And genitive . We are interested in the last two, so we will focus on them.
  • To determine this characteristic for any noun, it is necessary to use special auxiliary questions and words. It should be noted that both schoolchildren and very educated people constantly confusing accusative and genitive cases. This is because the sub-questions for their definition are almost identical: for the genitive " no one? what? ", for accusative " see who? What? ". That is, the same question is asked to animate objects: “ whom? ».
  • If you are unable to determine the correct form, ask a clarifying question to the noun: “ see what? " or « no what? ' to define it. The accusative case is used when a word takes the form of a nominative after a clarifying question.
  • The genitive case can also be determined using the test word "cat". Substituting the specified word in place of any noun, pay attention to the ending. Example: instead of a word "teacher" in the phrase teacher pride, substituting the test word, we get the phrase "pride for a cat". Ending « And » indicates genitive case, ending "at" to accusative.
  • Remember that the genitive always indicates the ratio of the whole and the part ( glass of water), comparison with something or someone ( prettier than Vasilisa) and membership ( brother motorcycle). The accusative describes and denotes temporal-spatial relations ( wait a minute), and also indicates the transition from the action to the object ( stroking a cat).