A drop in pressure in the lubrication system can be caused by wear of parts of the GAZ-53 oil pump or bearings of the crankshaft and camshaft. With significant contributions, the pump starts to work noisily.

To identify pump malfunctions, it is removed from the engine and disassembled. But they start disassembling the GAZ-53 oil pump only after checking the condition of the pressure reducing valve, since it can cause incorrect pressure in the oil system (the spring has weakened, the plunger is stuck, etc.).

The pressure reducing valve is located in the cover of the GAZ-53 oil pump. The force of the pressure reducing valve spring when compressed to a length of 40 mm should be in the range of 43.5--48.5 N. Placing washers under the spring is prohibited. The defective spring is replaced with a new one.

To disassemble the GAZ-53 oil pump, unscrew the two fastening nuts and remove the pump from the cylinder block along with the gasket; unscrew the four bolts securing the oil pump cover and remove the cover with the gasket; remove the driven gear of the oil pump from the housing; take out the pump shaft with the drive gear assembly. After disassembling the pump, all its parts are thoroughly washed, dried and inspected.

If wear from the gear is found on the surface of the cover of the GAZ-53 oil pump, then the plane of the cover is ground until the traces of wear are destroyed.

In case of major malfunctions, the pump is replaced with a new one. When repairing, the necessary clearances and tensions in the mating parts must be provided.

Rice. five. GAZ-53 oil pump roller with drive gear: 1 - shaft; 2 - gear; 3 -- pin

In the case of replacing the roller with a new one, as well as for other types of repairs, keep in mind the following:

  • - the distance from the end of the roller with a hexagonal hole to the upper end of the oil pump drive gear should be (42.5 + 0.15) mm;
  • - a hole with a diameter of 4 + 0.5 mm, the gear mounting pin on the pump shaft is drilled to a depth of (23 ± 0.5) mm at a distance of 20 mm from the end of the gear (Fig. 5). The protrusion of the pin above the plane of the cavity of the tooth is not allowed;
  • - when pressing out the axis of the driven gear from the pump housing, the housing is heated to a temperature of 100--120 ° C;
  • - to press the axle into the pump housing, the housing is heated to a temperature of 160--175 °C, and the axle is cooled in dry ice to a temperature of - 70 °C;
  • - when pressing the axle of the driven gear into the housing, press the axle until it stops (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. GAZ-53 oil pump housing with driven gear axle assembly: 1 -- housing; 2 -- axis

To assemble the GAZ-53 oil pump, install the roller assembly with the drive gear into the oil pump housing; install the driven gear on the axle in the pump housing; an oil pump cover with a gasket is placed on the body; fix the cover on the pump housing with four bolts.

When assembling the GAZ-53 oil pump, they always change the paronite or cardboard cover gasket (their thickness is 0.3 mm). The use of shellac or other sealing agents, as well as increasing the thickness of the gasket, is unacceptable, as this reduces the performance of the pump.

Before installing the GAZ-53 oil pump on the engine, it must be filled with oil, since a dry pump at the very beginning of engine operation will not supply oil to rubbing surfaces, which will lead to their scuffing and failure.

When disassembling the drive of the GAZ-53 ignition distributor, remove the spring ring and take out the safety pin, take out the hexagonal shaft of the oil pump drive, remove the retaining ring and gear from the shaft, remove the thrust washers and remove the shaft from the distributor drive housing.

To assemble the drive of the GAZ-53 ignition distributor, before assembly, all drive parts are blown with compressed air and wiped with clean napkins.

The roller assembly is lubricated with clean engine oil, inserted into the distributor drive housing and tested for ease of rotation by hand. Thrust washers are installed on the roller, first steel 3, then aluminum alloy 4.

Install the gear on the drive shaft. A hexagonal oil pump drive shaft is inserted into the hexagonal hole at the end of the GAZ-53 distributor drive shaft, a pin is installed in a hole with a diameter of 3.5 mm, a spring ring is installed in the groove on the gear hub, and a locking ring is inserted into the groove of the drive shaft.

Check the ease of rotation of the roller by hand, the gap between the thrust washer and the end of the drive gear, which should be 0.15-0.40 mm; displacement of the middle of the cavity of the teeth of the distributor drive gear relative to the axis of the groove of the roller - permissible deviation ± 2 °.С

The engines have a mixed (pressure and splash) lubrication system.

Under pressure, oil is supplied to the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft, to the camshaft bearings.

To the bushings of the rocker arms, oil is supplied with pulsating pressure through the hollow axles of the rocker arms, into which it enters through the channels coming from the second and fourth bearings of the camshaft. Oil is supplied to the rest of the engine parts by gravity and splashing.

To cool the oil, the engines are equipped with an oil cooler mounted in front of the radiator of the cooling system.

The pressure drop in the lubrication system is mainly due to wear of the oil pump parts or bearings of the crankshaft and camshaft.

With significant wear, the oil pump starts to work noisily. To identify pump malfunctions, it must be removed from the engine and disassembled.

But disassembly of the pump should only be started after checking the condition of the pressure reducing valve, as it can cause abnormal pressure in the oil system (weak spring, stuck plunger, etc.).

To make sure normal operation pressure reducing valve, it is necessary to unscrew its plug, remove the spring and make sure that the plunger moves freely in its seat, without jamming, and the spring is in good condition.

The free length of the spring should be 50 mm. The force of the valve spring when compressed by 10 mm should be equal to 4.6 kg. When the force is weakened, the spring is replaced with a new one, since placing washers under it or stretching to increase the force is strictly prohibited.

Oil pump disassembly

1. Remove the pump together with the gasket from the cylinder block.

2. Remove lower section housing with driven gear and gasket.

3. Remove the lower oil pump drive gear and gear key from the pump shaft.

4. Remove the oil pump baffle with gasket.

5. Remove the driven gear of the upper section of the pump from the housing.

6. Remove the shaft with the drive gear of the upper section from the pump housing.

7. After disassembling the pump, thoroughly rinse, dry and inspect all its parts.

8. If a gear wear is found on the oil pump partition, then grind it until the wear traces are destroyed. If the section housings are worn out, replace the pump with a new one.

When repairing, keep the following in mind.

The distance from the end of the roller with a hexagonal hole to the upper end of the drive gear of the upper section of the pump should be 40 ± 0.15 mm.

A hole with a diameter of 4 mm for the gear mounting pin on the pump shaft is drilled to a depth of 23 ± 0.5 mm at a distance of 15 mm from the gear end. Elevation of the pin above the plane of the cavity of the tooth is not allowed.

The lubrication system and in particular the oil pump GAZ 53 or any other machine plays essential role during normal engine operation internal combustion. Without lubrication, it will work for only a few minutes before it jams or, even worse, its parts are destroyed. Remember, the oil pressure sensor in the system will always signal the driver that something is wrong with the lubrication system.

Appearance GAZ-53

In order to take action on the repair or maintenance of the truck in time, it is advisable to own it a little technical specifications, features, operating rules and car repair skills.

It looks like an oil pump on a GAZ-53

It is important to remember that it is forbidden to operate GAZ 53 trucks when the oil level in the crankcase is below the “0” mark (according to the dipstick) or it is completely absent. The driver must constantly maintain the oil level between "0" and "P", preferably closer to the last mark. For accuracy, do not measure them on a cold engine, let it idle for 4-5 minutes, and then check the oil level after 10 minutes.

Watch in the video: technical analysis GAZ-53.

It is important to remember that at a speed of 60 km / h and in direct gear, the oil pressure sensor in the engine should show 2.5 kgf / cm², that is, 250 kPa. On a cold, unheated engine, this figure is approximately equal to 5-5.5 kgf / cm² (500-550 kPa). The minimum allowable pressure is considered to be 0.4-0.8 kgf / cm², at such indicators the emergency lamp lights up.

Composite oil pump for GAZ-53

You also need to remember that a short-term ignition of the warning lamp at low engine speeds (idling) is permissible. If the oil pump is working, the lamp will go out when the crankshaft speed increases. If the lamp is on at medium and high speeds, then you have serious problems with the motor and its operation should be stopped.

The appearance of the GAZ-53 engine

If the oil pump in the ZMZ-53 engine does not work, then the first to signal this will be the emergency pressure warning lamp and the dial indicator showing emergency low pressure in the unit.

There are several ways to determine whether problems in the lubrication system are caused by a pump or other elements.

Engine lubrication system combined: under pressure and spraying.

  1. oil radiator
  2. rocker shaft cavity
  3. channel in the block head
  4. oil filter
  5. channel in block
  6. main oil line
  7. hole in the distributor housing
  8. cavity
  9. oil pump
  10. oil pump pressure reducing valve
  11. fourth camshaft journal
  12. oil receiver
  13. safety valve
  14. oil cooler tap
  15. second camshaft journal

Through the oil receiver, the oil is sucked in by the oil pump and, after passing through the filter, is fed into the oil line. The pump has a relief valve. A safety valve is installed in the filter spacer, which allows oil to pass into the line in addition to the filter if its resistance is excessively high (clogging, starting a cold engine). The crankshaft main and connecting rod bearings, camshaft bearings, camshaft thrust flange, rocker arm bushings and upper rod ends are lubricated under pressure.

To the heads of the block for lubricating the bushings of the rocker arms and the upper tips of the rods, oil is supplied in a pulsating flow from the second 15 (to the right head) and from the fourth 11 (to the left head) camshaft journals through channels 5 in the block and 3 in the head.

Spray lubricates cylinders, connecting rod bushings, piston rings, valves, tappets and camshaft lobes.

The camshaft drive gears are lubricated with oil coming from the oil line through the tube, and the ignition distribution sensor drive and its gears are lubricated with oil coming from cavity 8 located between the fifth camshaft journal and the plug in the block.

It is strictly forbidden to operate if the oil level in the engine crankcase is below the O mark on the rod indicator. It is necessary to constantly maintain the oil level in the engine crankcase between the O and P marks of the pointer, as close as possible to the P mark. exact definition oil level, start the engine and, after letting it run for 3-4 minutes, stop. Freeze after 10 minutes.

The oil pressure in the engine when the car is moving in direct gear at a speed of 60 km / h must be at least 250 kPa (2.5 kgf / cm 2) with the oil cooler turned off on a well-heated engine.

When starting and warming up a cold engine, the oil pressure can reach 500-550 kPa (5-5.5 kgf / cm 2).

When the oil pressure in the engine drops to 40-80 kPa (0.4-0.8 kgf / cm 2), the emergency oil pressure indicator lights up on the instrument panel.

It is permissible for the signaling device to light up at a low speed of the crankshaft in the idling mode. If the lubrication system is working properly, the indicator will turn off when the speed increases. Lighting up the signaling device at medium and high engine speeds indicates a malfunction, and until it is eliminated, further operation of the vehicle should be stopped.

When the air temperature is above 20 °C, it is necessary to turn on the oil cooler by opening the cock located on the left side of the engine. When the radiator is on, the tap handle is directed along the hose. With more low temperatures the radiator must be off. However, regardless of the air temperature, when driving in particularly difficult conditions, with a heavy load and low speeds, it is also necessary to turn on the oil cooler. Oil enters the radiator through a safety valve. This valve opens at a pressure of about 100 kPa (1.0 kgf / cm 2), and thus the oil circulates through the radiator only if there is a pressure in the oil line greater than 100 kPa (1.0 kgf / cm 2). After passing through the oil cooler, the oil drains into the crankcase.

Each time when adjusting the gap between the valves and rocker arms, as well as during TO-2, it is necessary to check whether oil is supplied to the axes of the rocker arms. To do this, start the engine and make sure that the oil flows out of the hole in the adjusting screw and flows down the rods. If the oil does not go, it is necessary to clean the channels as follows.

From the head, in which oil does not flow to the rocker arm axles, remove the axle with rocker arms and racks as an assembly, unscrew the rocker arm axle mounting pin (on the right head - front, on the left head - rear) and through its hole blow compressed air through the oil supply channels to head, slowly turning the crankshaft until a characteristic sound of air escaping into the oil appears.

Part 2

Continuation. See the beginning of the article here: part 1

Ignition distributor and oil pump drive

Ignition distributor drive engine ZMZ-53-11 and the oil pump consists of housing 1 (Fig. 7), into which two bushings made of sheet bronze are pressed. Roller 2 rotates in the bushings, at one end of which there is a slot for the shank of the ignition distributor roller. The slot is offset relative to the axis of the roller, so that the distributor can be installed in only one position. A guide sleeve is pressed onto this end of the drive shaft and secured with a pin.

Rice. 7. The drive of the ignition distributor and the oil pump of the ZMZ-53-11 engine of the GA3-53-12 car: 1 - drive housing, 2 - drive shaft, 3 and 4 - thrust washers, 5 - driven gear, 6 - spring ring, 7 - retaining ring, 8 - oil pump drive shaft, 9 - pin

At the lower end of the roller, the driven gear 5 is pinned. The drive gear is located on the camshaft.

Between the end face of the drive housing and the driven gear, two thrust washers are installed, steel 3 and aluminum alloy 4.

At the bottom end of the distributor drive shaft there is a hexagonal hole into which the oil pump drive hexagonal shaft enters. The lower end of the hexagonal shaft freely enters the hexagonal hole in the end of the oil pump shaft.

The drive housing is installed on the block through a paronite gasket and fastened with a special plug. In the upper part of the housing there is a tide with a threaded hole for mounting the ignition distributor.

pressure reducing valve serves to maintain a certain oil pressure in the system. It is located in the oil pump cover. Oil pressure acts on the end of plunger 6 (Fig. 8), and the plunger, overcoming the force of spring 3, moves. When the plunger opens the bypass hole 7, excess oil is bypassed through the hole into the suction cavity of the oil pump. With a further increase in the amount of oil supplied by the pump, which occurs with an increase in the engine speed, the plunger compresses the spring even more and the flow area of ​​the drain hole increases. As the engine wears, the oil flow through the bearings increases, the pressure in the system is maintained at about the same level, but the amount of oil drained through the pressure reducing valve decreases.


Rice. 8. Reducing valve of the ZMZ-53-11 engine of the GA3-53-12 car: 1 - valve plug, 2 - plug gasket, 3 - spring, 4 - oil pump cover, 5 - relief port, 6 - plunger, 7 - bypass port

Oil seeps into the cavity behind the plunger. So that it does not interfere with the movement of the plunger, an unloading hole 5 is made in the valve.

The relief valve cannot be adjusted.

The warning light on the instrument panel comes on to indicate that the oil pressure in the engine has dropped.

Fire of a control bulb on a small frequency of rotation of idling is allowed. If the engine lubrication system is working properly, the light goes out when the crankshaft speed increases.

Oil filter full flow (fig. 9) is mounted on a spacer on the front of the intake pipe. Oil is supplied to the filter from the oil pump through a channel in the block and a special tube. The filter consists of a housing made of two parts 1 and 14, a rod 12, a tube 6 and a filter element 5. A bypass valve is located in the filter spacer 16, which, when the filter element is clogged, passes oil in addition to the filter into the oil line.


Rice. 9. Oil filter of the ZMZ-53-11 engine of the GA3-53-12 car: 1 - filter housing (upper part); 2 - spring; 3 - support washer; 4 - sealing ring; 5 - filter element; 6 - filter housing tube; 7 - bypass valve plug; 8 - filter housing gasket; 9 - bypass valve gasket; 10 - bypass valve spring; 11 - bypass valve ball; 12 - oil filter rod; 13 - filter element gasket; 14 - filter housing ( Bottom part); 15 - top spacer gasket; 16 - filter spacer; 17 - washer; 18 - connecting nut; 19 - sealing gasket; 20 - connecting fitting; 21 - sealing gasket; 22 - sealing ring

Oil radiator engine ZMZ-53-11 consists of six cooling tubes with cooling plates soldered to them. The radiator tubes are arranged in one row. The cooling tubes are soldered into the bottoms of the radiator tanks, to which the oil supply and drain pipes are soldered. The connection of the radiator with the engine is carried out by rubber rods. A safety valve and a radiator shut-off cock are installed on the inlet line of the oil cooler. When driving in difficult conditions (mud, off-road, etc.), as well as at an ambient temperature above 20 ° C, it is necessary to turn on the oil cooler, while the handle of the shut-off valve must be directed along the axis of the valve.

Safety valve. The safety valve consists of a body 5 (Fig. 10), a ball 6, a spring 4 and a plug 3. The safety valve automatically turns off the radiator at low oil pressures and directs all the oil to lubricate the rubbing engine parts. The valve opens at a pressure of 80-90 kPa (0.8-0.9 kgf/cm2). Thus, at low pressures in the oil line, the radiator is turned off, and all the oil goes to lubricate the rubbing parts. If the pressure in the oil line is above 100 kPa (1 kgf/cm2), the valve opens fully and oil enters the radiator.


Rice. 10. Safety valve and faucet of the oil cooler of the ZMZ-53-11 engine of the GA3-53-12 car: 1 - stopcock, 2 - valve plug gasket, 3 - valve plug, 4 - valve spring, 5 - valve body, 6 - valve ball, 7 - cylinder block

Caring for the lubrication system of the ZMZ-53-11 engine.

Care of the lubrication system consists in daily checking the oil level in the crankcase, replacing the used oil in the crankcase, changing the filter element and periodically checking the pressure in the lubrication system with a control pressure gauge.

Checking the oil pressure is as follows. Instead of an emergency oil pressure sensor, a control pressure gauge is installed and the actual oil pressure in the system is determined from it.