Which river did Caesar cross?

First letter "r"

The second letter is "u"

Third letter "b"

The last beech is the letter "n"

Answer for the question "Which river did Caesar cross?", 7 letters:
Rubicon

Alternative questions in crossword puzzles for the word rubicon

River in Caesar's Campaign

irrevocably crossed river

border river ancient rome, the passage through which Julius Caesar began civil war

The river that Caesar crossed

The river, which in 49 BC. e. Caesar crossed and started the Civil War in Rome

Famous river that Caesar crossed

Main river in the life of Caesar

Word definitions for rubicon in dictionaries

Big Soviet Encyclopedia The meaning of the word in the dictionary Great Soviet Encyclopedia
[lat. Rubico (n)], a river on the Apennine Peninsula, flowing into the Adriatic Sea, north of the city of Rimini. Served until 42 BC. e. border between Italy and the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul. January 10, 49 BC e. Julius Caesar with an army, contrary to the law (as...

Wikipedia The meaning of the word in the Wikipedia dictionary
Rubicon - the river Far East, on the border of Chukotka autonomous region and the Kamchatka Territory of Russia. The name was given by the navigator F.K. Huck in 1885. Probably, the polar explorer, describing the shores of the Bering Sea, took a decisive step by crossing ...

Dictionary Russian language. D.N. Ushakov The meaning of the word in the dictionary Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov
(capital R), Rubicon, m. In the expression: cross the Rubicon (book) - take a decisive step, take an irrevocable step (by the name of the river, which Julius Caesar crossed despite the prohibition of the Senate, starting an internecine war that led to the establishment of c. ..

Examples of the use of the word rubicon in the literature.

I moved Rubicon My appearance as an expert before the Royal Smallpox Commission raised my prestige in the eyes of the people of Denchester.

What moved Julius Caesar in defiance of all sorts of bad omens Rubicon?

Yes, lord, - Nereus humbly confirmed, passing his first Rubicon 26: - To prove my right to be the King of Atlantis, I must be the first and without anyone's help to bridle and subdue the sacred bull.

Caesar from Gaul crossed with an army Rubicon, thereby breaking the law, and started a civil war.

At the first Mongolian station, Belov congratulated her: - Well, Rubicon crossed!

The expression “to cross the Rubicon”, that is, to make a certain decisive act that no longer gives the opportunity to correct the decision taken, is well known. Most are also aware that this expression owes its appearance to Gaius Julius Caesar.

Much less is known about what kind of Rubicon and under what circumstances Caesar himself crossed, and why this step of the politician and commander went down in history.

By the middle of the 1st century BC, the Roman Republic was experiencing internal crisis. At the same time with great success in the campaigns of conquest there were problems in the system government controlled. The Roman Senate was mired in political squabbles, and the leading Roman military leaders, who had gained fame and popularity in their campaigns of conquest, thought about abandoning the republican system in favor of dictatorship and monarchy.

The successful politician and military leader Gaius Julius Caesar was one of those who not only spoke out for centralized power, but was not averse to concentrating it in their own hands.

In 62 BC, the so-called triumvirate was formed in Rome - in fact, the three most ambitious politicians and military leaders began to rule the Roman Republic: Gnaeus Pompey, Mark Licinius Crassus and Gaius Julius Caesar. Crassus crushing the rebellion Spartacus, and Pompey, who won brilliant victories in the East, had claims to sole power, but by that time they could not cope alone with the opposition of the Roman Senate. Caesar at that moment was more seen as a politician who managed to persuade the openly hostile Pompey and Crassus to an alliance. The prospects of Caesar himself as the sole head of Rome looked much more modest at that time.

The situation changed after Caesar, who led the Roman troops in Gaul, won the seven-year Gallic War. The glory of Caesar as a commander equaled the glory of Pompey, and in addition, he had troops loyal to him personally, which became a serious argument in the political struggle.

Bust of Julius Caesar in the museum. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

Caesar vs Pompey

After Crassus died in Mesopotamia in 53 BC, the question came down to which of the two worthy opponents, Pompey or Caesar, will be able to become the sole ruler of Rome.

For several years, the opponents tried to maintain a delicate balance, not wanting to slide into a civil war. Both Pompey and Caesar had legions loyal to them, but they were located in the conquered provinces. By law, the commander had no right to enter the borders of Italy at the head of the army, if there were no hostilities on the peninsula itself. The violator of this law was declared an "enemy of the Fatherland", which in its consequences was comparable to the announcement of an "enemy of the people" in the Stalinist USSR.

By the autumn of 50 BC, the crisis between Pompey and Caesar reached its peak. Both sides, unable to agree on a new "division of spheres of influence", began to prepare for a decisive clash. The Roman Senate initially held a neutral position, but then Pompey's supporters managed to win over the majority in his favor. Caesar was denied an extension of proconsulship in Gaul, allowing him to command troops. At the same time, Pompey, who had legions loyal to him at his disposal, positioned himself as the defender of the republican "free order" from the usurper Caesar.

On January 1, 49 BC, the Senate declared Italy under martial law, appointed Pompey commander-in-chief and set the task of ending political unrest. Under the cessation of unrest meant the addition by Caesar of his powers as proconsul in Gaul. In case of his persistence, military preparations were launched.

Caesar was ready to lay down military power, but only if Pompey agreed to the same, but the Senate did not agree to this.

Main decision

On the morning of January 10, 49 BC, Caesar, who was in Gaul, received news of the military preparations of the Senate and Pompey from his supporters who had fled from Rome. Half of the forces loyal to him (2500 legionnaires) were on the border of the province of Cisalpine Gaul (now northern Italy) and Italy itself. The border passed along the small local river Rubicon.

Caesar's troops after crossing the Rubicon. Fragment of an old engraving. Source: www.globallookpress.com

For Caesar, the time has come for a key decision - either, having submitted to the Senate, resign, or with loyal troops, cross the river and move on Rome, thereby violating existing laws, which, if unsuccessful, threatened with inevitable death.

Caesar had no confidence in success - he was popular, but Pompey was no less popular; his legionaries were hardened by the Gallic War, but Pompey's warriors were no worse.

But on January 10, 49 BC, Gaius Julius Caesar decided to cross the Rubicon with his troops and go to Rome, predetermining not only his own fate, but also the further course of the history of Rome.

Having crossed the Rubicon at the head of the troops, Caesar thereby began a civil war. The swiftness of Caesar's actions discouraged the Senate, and Pompey, with the available forces, did not dare to meet and even defend Rome, retreating to Capua. Meanwhile, the garrisons of the cities he occupied passed to the side of the advancing Caesar, which strengthened the confidence of the commander and his supporters in the final success.

Pompey never gave a decisive battle to Caesar in Italy, leaving for the provinces and hoping to win with the help of the forces stationed there. Caesar himself, having only traveled through Rome captured by his supporters, went to pursue the enemy.

Caesar's choice cannot be changed

The civil war would drag on for four long years, although Pompey, Caesar's main opponent, would be killed (against Caesar's will) after his defeat at Pharsalus. The Pompeian party will be finally defeated only in 45 BC, just a year before the death of Caesar himself.

Formally, Caesar did not become emperor in the current sense of the word, although from the moment he was proclaimed dictator in 49 BC, his powers only grew, and by 44 BC he had almost the full set of attributes of power inherent in the monarch.

The consistent centralization of power by Caesar, accompanied by the loss of the influence of the Roman Senate, became the reason for the conspiracy of supporters of maintaining Rome as a republic. On March 15, 44 BC, the conspirators attacked Caesar in the Senate meeting building, inflicting 23 stab wounds on him. Most of the wounds were superficial, but one of the blows still proved fatal.

The killers did not take into account one thing: Caesar was extremely popular among the lower and middle layers of Rome. The people were extremely angry with the conspiracy of the aristocrats, as a result of which they themselves had to flee from Rome. After the death of Caesar, the Roman Republic fell completely. Caesar's heir, his great-nephew Gaius Octavius, became the sovereign Roman emperor, now known as Octavian Augustus. The Rubicon has already been crossed.

Rubicon is a river flowing in Northern Italy. The length of this river is 29 kilometers. She escapes from the Apennine mountains and flows into the Adriatic Sea. famous saying - « cross the Rubicon", is associated precisely with this geographical object ...

In 49 BC. Gaius Julius Caesar returned from an aggressive campaign and crossed the Rubicon. Thus, the ruler broke the law and tacitly declared war neighboring country. The Rubicon River was a natural boundary line between two countries - Italy and Caesalpine Gaul.

According to historians, then, going to the river, Gaius Julius Caesar was not completely sure of the correctness of his actions, but the ruler said: "The die is cast," and crossed the border. Subsequently, the phrase "cross the Rubicon" became winged. It means the accomplishment of some fateful business, after which a return to the previous one is not possible.
Under the reign Emperor Augustus Italy's border has been moved. The Rubicon River has lost its main purpose. Soon it completely disappeared from topographic maps.

The plain through which the river flowed was constantly flooded. So modern river seekers for a long time were failing. The researchers had to delve into historical references and documents. The search for the famous river dragged on for almost a hundred years.

In 1933, many years of work were crowned with success. The river that flows today, called Fiumicino, was officially recognized as the former Rubicon. The current Rubicon is located near the town of Savignano di Romagna. After the Rubicon River was found, the city was renamed Savignano sul Rubicon.

Unfortunately, there is no material historical evidence of Julius Caesar crossing the river, so the Rubicon does not attract masses of tourists every year and is not of much interest to archaeologists. Yes, and from once mighty river little is left: the river Fiumicino, which flows through the industrial area, is polluted, locals water is intensively dismantled for irrigation, and in the spring the river disappears altogether due to natural drying up.

On January 10, 49 BC, Guy Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon, turning the course of world history.

Let's remember how it was...

Much less is known about what kind of Rubicon and under what circumstances Caesar himself crossed, and why this step of the politician and commander went down in history.

By the middle of the 1st century BC, the Roman Republic was in an internal crisis. Simultaneously with great successes in the campaigns of conquest, problems arose in the system of state administration. The Roman Senate was mired in political squabbles, and the leading Roman military leaders, who had gained fame and popularity in their campaigns of conquest, thought about abandoning the republican system in favor of dictatorship and monarchy.

The successful politician and military leader Gaius Julius Caesar was one of those who not only spoke out for centralized power, but was not averse to concentrating it in their own hands.

In 62 BC, the so-called triumvirate was formed in Rome - in fact, the three most ambitious politicians and military leaders began to rule the Roman Republic: Gnaeus Pompey,Mark Licinius Crassus and Gaius Julius Caesar. Crassus crushing the rebellion Spartacus, and Pompey, who won brilliant victories in the East, had claims to sole power, but by that time they could not cope alone with the opposition of the Roman Senate. Caesar at that moment was more seen as a politician who managed to persuade the openly hostile Pompey and Crassus to an alliance. The prospects of Caesar himself as the sole head of Rome looked much more modest at that time.

Caesar vs Pompey

After Crassus died in Mesopotamia in 53 BC, the question came down to which of the two worthy opponents, Pompey or Caesar, would succeed in becoming the sole ruler of Rome.

Caesar was ready to lay down military power, but only if Pompey agreed to the same, but the Senate did not agree to this.

Main decision

Caesar had no confidence in success - he was popular, but Pompey was no less popular; his legionaries were hardened by the Gallic War, but Pompey's warriors were no worse.

But on January 10, 49 BC, Gaius Julius Caesar decided to cross the Rubicon with his troops and go to Rome, predetermining not only his own fate, but also the further course of the history of Rome.

Caesar's troops after crossing the Rubicon. Fragment of an old engraving. Source: www.globallookpress.com

Caesar's choice cannot be changed

However, finding this river in modern Italy was not so easy. To begin with, it is worth remembering what we know about this river? The word Rubicon itself is derived from the adjective “rubeus”, which means “red” in Latin, this toponym appeared due to the fact that the waters of the river had a reddish tint due to the fact that the river flowed on clay. The Rubicon flows into the Adriatic Sea, and is located between the cities of Cesena and Rimini.

Under the reign Emperor Augustus Italy's border has been moved. The Rubicon River has lost its main purpose. Soon it completely disappeared from topographic maps.

The plain through which the river flowed was constantly flooded. So the modern river seekers failed for a long time. The researchers had to delve into historical references and documents. The search for the famous river dragged on for almost a hundred years.

Unfortunately, there is no material historical evidence of Julius Caesar crossing the river, so the Rubicon does not attract masses of tourists every year and is not of much interest to archaeologists. And there is little left of the once mighty river: the Fiumicino River, which flows in the industrial area, is polluted, the locals intensively draw water for irrigation, and in the spring the river completely disappears due to natural drying up.

The meaning of this phrase both now and in those days could be interpreted in the same way:

1. Make an irrevocable decision.

2. Risk everything to win.

3. Perform an act that can no longer be undone.

4. Put everything on the line, risk everything.