Verb conjugations in Polish. Conjugation of Polish verbs. The biggest difficulty

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Acquaintance with such a part of speech as a verb usually begins with the forms of the present tense. And here we can not do without conjugations - changes of verbs in numbers and persons.

Verb conjugation in Polish complicated by the fact that they are not 2, as in Russian, but 4 (some single out 3). Plus, when changing the forms of verbs in persons and numbers, alternations occur at the base of the word.

We have already talked about how you can make learning the Polish language easier if. At the initial stage of learning, this technique will help you a lot, but if you want to know the Polish language at least at an intermediate level, then you cannot do without knowing all the conjugations that are officially distinguished in Polish grammars.

I conjugation

The first conjugation includes verbs with an infinitive in:

• vowel + — c(biec- run);
• consonant + — ć (nieść - to carry);
• -owac (rysować- paint);
• -ąć, -nąć (dźwignąć- move);
• — ić, — yć, — uć - monosyllabic words and their derivatives ( pić - drink, ż yć - live);
• -ac (pisać - write) - not all words;
• — eć (chcieć - want) - not all words.

These words are in the first person singular have an ending -ę , and in the second person — esz -y (-y) And -eat respectively. For example, drink - drink - drink.

Remember! In the present tense, verb forms are formed from the stem of the infinitive (the indefinite form of the verb, which is presented in the dictionary). Roughly speaking, you need to discard -ć and add an ending indicating the person and number.

Pi ć (drink)

If the stem of the 1st person singular ends in a hard consonant, then the hardness is preserved only in the 3rd person plural. In other forms, the base softens - alternations arise:

• m//m' dmę-dmiesz
• w//w' rwę-rwiesz
• n//n' plynę-plyniesz
• s//ś niose-niesiesz
• z//ź polazę-poleziesz
• t//ć gniotę-gnieciesz
• d//dź usiadę-usiadziesz
• k//cz piekę-pieczesz
• g//ż mogę-mozesz
• r//rz dre-drzesz

In addition, there is an alternation of vowels:

• o//e biore-bierzesz
• a//e jadę-jedziesz

For verbs ending in — ować , — ywać , suffixes — owa— , — ywa— are replaced by — uj— . For example : rysować- rysuję(draw-draw).

in Russian and Belarusian languages similar changes occur in the forms of verbs. Therefore, if in doubt about the spelling of these words, try comparing them with the same-root verbs of our languages.

II conjugation

The second conjugation includes Polish verbs with an infinitive in — ić/- yć (mó wić - to speak), as well as some words in — ać (spać - sleep, stać - stand) and — eć (myś leć - think, milzeć - be silent Widzieć - see, sł yszeć - hear, leż eć - lie).

Spac (sleep)

Mowic (speak)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja) mowi ę	(my) mowi my
2	(ty) mowi sz	(wy) mowi cie
3	(on, ona, ono) mowi	(oni, one) mówią

Verbs of the second conjugation in the first person singular have the ending -ę , and in the second person isz/- ysz. Single-root verbs in Russian and Belarusian languages ​​in the 1st and 2nd person have endings -y (-y) And -ish respectively. In our languages, these verbs belong to the second conjugation. For example, see - see - see, love - love - love.

In this type of conjugation there are alternations of consonants. If the stem in the 1st person singular ends in a hardened consonant, this hardness is preserved in the 3rd person plural, in other forms the stem softens.

• c//ć lecę-lecisz
• dz//dz siedze-siedzisz
• sz//ś nosze-nosisz
• ż//ź wożę-wozisz
• żdż//źdź jeżdżę-jeździsz
• szcz//ść czyszczę-czyścisz

However, in some cases, the hardened consonants remain unchanged: in all forms of the present tense, the basis is the same, only the endings change. For example: skoczę-skoczysz, kroczę-kroczysz, łączę-łączysz; służę-służysz, wrzeszczę-wrzeszczysz, piszczę-piszczysz, miażdżę-miażd żysz, chmurzę-chmurzysz.

III conjugation

The third conjugation includes verbs that in the infinitive end in -ac(except for those few words with the same ending related to the second conjugation). These verbs in the present tense in the 1st person singular end in -Am, and in the 2nd person - on - asz. There are no alternations in the base. For example:

Mieszka ć (reside)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja) mieszka m	(my) mieszka my
2	(ty) mieszka sz	(wy) mieszka cie
3	(on, ona, ono) mieszka	(oni, one) mieszka ją

In Russian and Belarusian, analogues of such verbs in the 1st person singular of the present tense end in -ayu, and in the 2nd person - on - eat: czytam— czytasz(read-read) czekam— czekasz(white chakayu-chakaesh).

IV conjugation

In some textbooks IV, the conjugation is not singled out at all, since this group is not numerous, it includes exception words. The difficulty lies in the fact that each verb has its own characteristics in the formation of forms (alternations, changes in the stem) that need to be remembered. In addition, these verbs are very common in Polish, without them you will not be able to build even the simplest phrases.

The fourth conjugation includes verbs that in the 1st person singular have the ending -em, and in the 2nd person -esz:

• wiedzieć-wiem-wiesz(know - know - know);
• jeść-jem-jesz(eat - eat - eat);
• rozumieć - rozumiem - rozumiesz(understand - understand - understand);
• umieć - umiem - umiesz(to be able - I can - I can).

Jeść (There is)

Note! In verbs jeść, wiedzieć, dać in the 3rd person plural before the nasal (ending) instead of j a combination appears dz.

Verb być (to be) also belongs to the fourth conjugation, but still stands apart. Its present tense forms are not formed from the stem of the infinitive. This conjugation paradigm needs to be remembered.

Być (to be)

Polish conjugations in the table

To make it easier for you to understand and remember which conjugation specific Polish verbs belong to, we have prepared a visual table in which we have included the most important information:

Conjugation	The stem of the infinitive ends with:	endings		Examples
I (-ę, -esz)	Hard, soft or hardened consonant	unit	Plural	Myć- myję (wash-mine) malować- maluję (draw-draw) iść- ide(go-go).
		1 l. -ę 2 l. — esz 3 l. -e	1 l. -emy 2 l. -ecie 3 l. -ą
II (-ę, -isz / -ysz)	Soft or hardened consonant	1 l. -ę 2 l. -isz/-ysz 3 l. -i/-y	1 l. -ymy/-ymy 2 l. -icie/-ycie 3 l. -ą	Wierzyć-wierzę(believe, believe) slyszeć-slyszę(hear-hear) uczyć-uczę(learn-learn).
III (a-m, a-sz)	Vowel A			witać- witam(greet-welcome) kichać- kicham(sneeze-sneeze) czytać- czytam(read-read).
IV (e-m, e-sz)	Vowel e			Rozumieć- rozumiem(understand, understand) Wiedzieć- wiem(know-know) umieć- umiem(I can-I can).

We remind you! Solid consonants: b, d, f, ł, m, n, p, r ,s ,t, w, z, k, g, h (ch); soft: ć, ś, ń, ź, j, l; hardened: all digraphs (without ch) - sz, cz, rz, z, dz, dz + c.

Conjugation of verbs with complex alternations

Since in the basis of some Polish verbs, when changing forms in persons and numbers, numerous alternations occur, both consonants and vowels, it is sometimes difficult to understand why this or that form is formed in this way. The conjugation paradigm of these verbs must be memorized.

Ciąć (cut)

Mlec (grind)

Mielic(chalk - colloquial form)

Plec (weed)

Bac sic (afraid)

Brac (take)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja) bi orę	(my) bi erz e my
2	(ty) bi erz e sz	(wy) bi erz e cie
3	(on, ona, ono) bi erz e	(oni, one) bi orą

Chciec (want)

Drzec (tear, tear)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja)d rę	(my) d rz e my
2	(ty) d rz e sz	(wy)d rz e cie
3	(on, ona, ono)d rz e	(oni, one) d rą

Isc (go)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja) i dę	(my) i dz ie my
2	(ty)i dz ie sz	(wy) i dz ie cie
3	(on, ona, ono) i dz ie	(oni, one) i dą

Jechac (drive)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja)j adę	(my)j edz ie my
2	(ty) j edz ie sz	(wy) j edz ie cie
3	(on, ona, ono) j edz ie	(oni, one)j adą

Kłaść ( put)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja)kla dę	(my) kla dz ie my
2	(ty)kla dz ie sz	(wy)kla dz ie cie
3	(on, ona, ono) kła dz ie	(oni, one) kła dą

Moc (be able)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja) mo gę	(my)mo ż e my
2	(ty)mo ż e sz	(wy) mo ż e cie
3	(on, ona, ono) mo ż e	(oni, one) mo gą

Myć (się) (wash (-sya))

Verbs are perfect look And imperfect form. They practically do not differ from the corresponding ones in Russian. A small number of verbs have two specific meanings at once ( ofiarowac"sacrifice", anulowac, Kazac"command, compel/compel"). There are also words that do not have an aspect pair, for example, imperfective verbs miec"have", moc"to be able" dyszec, owocowac"fruit", rozkoszowac; or perfective verbs opaść, osierocic, osłupieć"stupefied" owdowiec. There may be cases where different values the same verb will correspond to different aspectual forms ( cisnąć“throw” is a perfect form, “reap” is an imperfect form).

However, most Polish verbs form aspect pairs with the help of prefixes, suffixes, changes in the stem:

	Perfect view	Imperfect species
suffix change	rzucic"quit"	rzucać
	wydać"issue"	wydawać
	kupic"buy"	kupowac
	przegrać"lose"	przegrywac
	blysnąć"shine"	blyskac
	mignac"blink"	migac
the appearance of the prefix	wypic"drink up"	pic
	napisac"write"	writing
	zrobic"do"	robic
change in base	zabrać"take"	zabierac
change in stem and change in suffix	uschnąć"dry"	usychać
	dressnąć"breathe"	oddychać
	wrocic"return"	wracac
forming a shape from another base	brac"take"	wziąć
	mowic"speak"	powiedziec
	widziec"see"	zobaczyć
	obejrzec"inspect"	ogladać

Imperfective verbs can form the present and future compound tenses ( pisze, będę pisal), actual communion present tense ( piszacy), a gerund with the suffix -ac (piszac), while perfective verbs form the simple future tense ( napisze), gerunds with suffixes -wszy-/-łszy- (pisawszy), and have no present tense forms. Forms of the past tense, conditional and imperative moods form verbs of both types.

With the help of suffixes, the verb also expresses the meanings of singleness and multiplicity:

• nieść"carry" - nose,
• mowic"speak" - mawiac,
• ciąć"cut" - wycinac,
• płakac"cry" - poplakiwać,
• chrapac"snore" - pochrapywac,
• jeść"There is" - jadac,
• czytac"read" - czytywac,
• spac"sleep" - sypiac,
• widzieć sę"to see" - widywać się,
• byc"be" - bywac,
• siedziec"sit" - siadywać,
• miec"have" - miewac,
• chodzic"walk" - chadzać,
• plynąć"float" - plywac.

Mood category

As in Russian, there are the following moods: indicative, which represents the action as actually happening ( pisze), conditional, in which the action is perceived as possible ( writing), imperative when the listener is called to perform a specific action ( pisz!).

Time category

This category combines the following grammatical meanings: present time (widze), past tense (Widzialem, napisalaś), Future tense (będę widzial, napiszesz). These meanings practically do not differ from those existing in Russian.

Collateral category

The active and passive coexist in sentences where the predicate is a transitive verb, i.e. verb combined with a noun accusative without a suggestion. In such sentences, the subject represents either the subject performing the action or the object to which the action is directed ( on niesie sztandar"he carries the flag" - sztandar jest niesiony przez niego, koń pije wodę horse drinks water woda jest pita przez konia). The passive voice in Polish is expressed exclusively in the form of the passive participle ( niesiony, pita).

Person category

As in Russian, the grammatical meanings of 3 persons are combined here, but, unlike the Russian language, they apply to all conjugated forms, including the past tense and the conditional mood.

Number category

Genus category

This category includes values masculine, feminine and neuter and manifests itself in the past tense and conditional mood, as well as in the system of participles and participles. In the plural in these forms, the category of the male person is realized, which depends on the category of the male person of the subject. Participles also have a case category.

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To bookmarks!

Acquaintance with such a part of speech as a verb usually begins with the forms of the present tense. And here we can not do without conjugations - changes of verbs in numbers and persons.

The conjugation of verbs in Polish is complicated by the fact that there are not 2, as in Russian, but 4 (some single out 3). Plus, when changing the forms of verbs in persons and numbers, alternations occur at the base of the word.

We have already talked about how you can make learning the Polish language easier if. At the initial stage of learning, this technique will help you a lot, but if you want to know the Polish language at least at an intermediate level, then you cannot do without knowing all the conjugations that are officially distinguished in Polish grammars.

I conjugation

The first conjugation includes verbs with an infinitive in:

• vowel + — c(biec- run);
• consonant + — ć (nieść - to carry);
• -owac (rysować- paint);
• -ąć, -nąć (dźwignąć- move);
• — ić, — yć, — uć - monosyllabic words and their derivatives ( pić - drink, ż yć - live);
• -ac (pisać - write) - not all words;
• — eć (chcieć - want) - not all words.

These words in the first person singular have the ending -ę , and in the second person — esz -y (-y) And -eat respectively. For example, drink - drink - drink.

Remember! In the present tense, verb forms are formed from the stem of the infinitive (the indefinite form of the verb, which is presented in the dictionary). Roughly speaking, you need to discard -ć and add an ending indicating the person and number.

Pi ć (drink)

If the stem of the 1st person singular ends in a hard consonant, then the hardness is preserved only in the 3rd person of the plural. In other forms, the base softens - alternations arise:

• m//m' dmę-dmiesz
• w//w' rwę-rwiesz
• n//n' plynę-plyniesz
• s//ś niose-niesiesz
• z//ź polazę-poleziesz
• t//ć gniotę-gnieciesz
• d//dź usiadę-usiadziesz
• k//cz piekę-pieczesz
• g//ż mogę-mozesz
• r//rz dre-drzesz

In addition, there is an alternation of vowels:

• o//e biore-bierzesz
• a//e jadę-jedziesz

For verbs ending in — ować , — ywać , suffixes — owa— , — ywa— are replaced by — uj— . For example : rysować- rysuję(draw-draw).

In Russian and Belarusian, similar changes occur in the forms of verbs. Therefore, if in doubt about the spelling of these words, try comparing them with the same-root verbs of our languages.

II conjugation

The second conjugation includes Polish verbs with an infinitive in — ić/- yć (mó wić - to speak), as well as some words in — ać (spać - sleep, stać - stand) and — eć (myś leć - think, milzeć - be silent Widzieć - see, sł yszeć - hear, leż eć - lie).

Spac (sleep)

Mowic (speak)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja) mowi ę	(my) mowi my
2	(ty) mowi sz	(wy) mowi cie
3	(on, ona, ono) mowi	(oni, one) mówią

Verbs of the second conjugation in the first person singular have the ending -ę , and in the second person isz/- ysz. Single-root verbs in Russian and Belarusian languages ​​in the 1st and 2nd person have endings -y (-y) And -ish respectively. In our languages, these verbs belong to the second conjugation. For example, see - see - see, love - love - love.

In this type of conjugation there are alternations of consonants. If the stem in the 1st person singular ends in a hardened consonant, this hardness is preserved in the 3rd person plural, in other forms the stem softens.

• c//ć lecę-lecisz
• dz//dz siedze-siedzisz
• sz//ś nosze-nosisz
• ż//ź wożę-wozisz
• żdż//źdź jeżdżę-jeździsz
• szcz//ść czyszczę-czyścisz

However, in some cases, the hardened consonants remain unchanged: in all forms of the present tense, the basis is the same, only the endings change. For example: skoczę-skoczysz, kroczę-kroczysz, łączę-łączysz; służę-służysz, wrzeszczę-wrzeszczysz, piszczę-piszczysz, miażdżę-miażd żysz, chmurzę-chmurzysz.

III conjugation

The third conjugation includes verbs that in the infinitive end in -ac(except for those few words with the same ending related to the second conjugation). These verbs in the present tense in the 1st person singular end in -Am, and in the 2nd person - on - asz. There are no alternations in the base. For example:

Mieszka ć (reside)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja) mieszka m	(my) mieszka my
2	(ty) mieszka sz	(wy) mieszka cie
3	(on, ona, ono) mieszka	(oni, one) mieszka ją

In Russian and Belarusian, analogues of such verbs in the 1st person singular of the present tense end in -ayu, and in the 2nd person - on - eat: czytam— czytasz(read-read) czekam— czekasz(white chakayu-chakaesh).

IV conjugation

In some textbooks IV, the conjugation is not singled out at all, since this group is not numerous, it includes exception words. The difficulty lies in the fact that each verb has its own characteristics in the formation of forms (alternations, changes in the stem) that need to be remembered. In addition, these verbs are very common in Polish, without them you will not be able to build even the simplest phrases.

The fourth conjugation includes verbs that in the 1st person singular have the ending -em, and in the 2nd person -esz:

• wiedzieć-wiem-wiesz(know - know - know);
• jeść-jem-jesz(eat - eat - eat);
• rozumieć - rozumiem - rozumiesz(understand - understand - understand);
• umieć - umiem - umiesz(to be able - I can - I can).

Jeść (There is)

Note! In verbs jeść, wiedzieć, dać in the 3rd person plural before the nasal (ending) instead of j a combination appears dz.

Verb być (to be) also belongs to the fourth conjugation, but still stands apart. Its present tense forms are not formed from the stem of the infinitive. This conjugation paradigm needs to be remembered.

Być (to be)

Polish conjugations in the table

To make it easier for you to understand and remember which conjugation specific Polish verbs belong to, we have prepared a visual table in which we have included the most important information:

Conjugation	The stem of the infinitive ends with:	endings		Examples
I (-ę, -esz)	Hard, soft or hardened consonant	unit	Plural	Myć- myję (wash-mine) malować- maluję (draw-draw) iść- ide(go-go).
		1 l. -ę 2 l. — esz 3 l. -e	1 l. -emy 2 l. -ecie 3 l. -ą
II (-ę, -isz / -ysz)	Soft or hardened consonant	1 l. -ę 2 l. -isz/-ysz 3 l. -i/-y	1 l. -ymy/-ymy 2 l. -icie/-ycie 3 l. -ą	Wierzyć-wierzę(believe, believe) slyszeć-slyszę(hear-hear) uczyć-uczę(learn-learn).
III (a-m, a-sz)	Vowel A			witać- witam(greet-welcome) kichać- kicham(sneeze-sneeze) czytać- czytam(read-read).
IV (e-m, e-sz)	Vowel e			Rozumieć- rozumiem(understand, understand) Wiedzieć- wiem(know-know) umieć- umiem(I can-I can).

We remind you! Solid consonants: b, d, f, ł, m, n, p, r ,s ,t, w, z, k, g, h (ch); soft: ć, ś, ń, ź, j, l; hardened: all digraphs (without ch) - sz, cz, rz, z, dz, dz + c.

Conjugation of verbs with complex alternations

Since in the basis of some Polish verbs, when changing forms in persons and numbers, numerous alternations occur, both consonants and vowels, it is sometimes difficult to understand why this or that form is formed in this way. The conjugation paradigm of these verbs must be memorized.

Ciąć (cut)

Mlec (grind)

Mielic(chalk - colloquial form)

Plec (weed)

Bac sic (afraid)

Brac (take)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja) bi orę	(my) bi erz e my
2	(ty) bi erz e sz	(wy) bi erz e cie
3	(on, ona, ono) bi erz e	(oni, one) bi orą

Chciec (want)

Drzec (tear, tear)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja)d rę	(my) d rz e my
2	(ty) d rz e sz	(wy)d rz e cie
3	(on, ona, ono)d rz e	(oni, one) d rą

Isc (go)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja) i dę	(my) i dz ie my
2	(ty)i dz ie sz	(wy) i dz ie cie
3	(on, ona, ono) i dz ie	(oni, one) i dą

Jechac (drive)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja)j adę	(my)j edz ie my
2	(ty) j edz ie sz	(wy) j edz ie cie
3	(on, ona, ono) j edz ie	(oni, one)j adą

Kłaść ( put)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja)kla dę	(my) kla dz ie my
2	(ty)kla dz ie sz	(wy)kla dz ie cie
3	(on, ona, ono) kła dz ie	(oni, one) kła dą

Moc (be able)

Face	Singular	Plural
1	(ja) mo gę	(my)mo ż e my
2	(ty)mo ż e sz	(wy) mo ż e cie
3	(on, ona, ono) mo ż e	(oni, one) mo gą

Myć (się) (wash (-sya))

 Listen to the audio lesson with additional explanations

In this lesson, we continue to work with verbs.

As you know, the principle of working with verbs is always the same, regardless of the group:

removed the ending from the infinitive and put the correct endings for I, You, We, They etc.

There are 4 groups of verbs in Polish. We have tried to give a fairly simple and structured explanation of this topic in this tutorial. Understand the principle, learn the endings, and then dial lexicon and learn the verbs and their conjugation as you work with the Polish language.

Proper endings allow us to correctly say "I'm listening Yu"," we understand eat", not "I'm listening be"," we understand be».

Group 1. Verbs ending in -ować

kupować (buy), pracować (work), studiować (study in higher educational institution) , drukować (print) , znajdować się (to be), marznąć (to freeze)

This group of verbs will be characterized by endings - esz , -iesz for pronoun You:

pracowac - to work

Ja	pracuję
Ty	pracujesz
On, ona, ono	pracuje
My	pracujemy
wy	pracujecie
Oni (one)	pracuja

Pracuję na pół etatu. - I work part time.
Gdzie pracujesz? - Where do you work?
On nie pracuje. - He does not work.
Ona pracuje od ósmej do czwartej. - She works from eight to four.
Pracujemy w weekend. - We work on weekends.
Do ktorej pracujecie? - Until what time do you work?
Oni pracują w brygadzie. - They work in a team.

Group 2. Verbs that end in -ić, -eć, -yć (as well as a few words ending in -ać)

prosić (to ask), mowić (to speak), dzwonić (to call)
myśleć (to think), milczeć (to be silent)
patrzyć (watch), uczyć (learn)
stać (stand), spać (sleep)

Such verbs are characterized by endings - ysz , -isz for pronoun You:

mowić - to speak

Ja	move
Ty	mowisz
On, ona, ono	mowi
My	momimy
wy	mowicie
Oni (one)	mowią

myśleć - to think

Ja tak nie myślę - I don't think so.
Czy myślisz, że ona dzisiaj do nas przyjdzie? - Do you think she'll come today?
Co pani o tym myśli? - What do you think of it? (addressing a woman)
Myślicie, że jutro będzie zimno? - Do you think it will be cold tomorrow?
Skoro (jeżeli) oni o tym nie myślą, musimy to zrobić sami - If they don't think about it, we should do it ourselves.

prosic - to ask

Proszę cię. - I beg you.
Dlaczego nie poprosisz go? - Why don't you ask him?
Nikt o to (tym) ciebie nie prosi. - Nobody asks you about it.
Prosimy przyjść jutro wcześniej. - We ask you to come early tomorrow.
Dobrze, soon tak prosicie. - Okay, if that's what you're asking.
Oni nie proszą. Oni robia. - They don't ask. They make.

Group 3. Verbs ending in -ać

podobać się (like) , czekać (wait) , szukać (search) , czytać (read) , mieszkać (live) ,
zaczynać (begin).

Such verbs will have the ending - am for pronoun I and ending - asz For You:

czekać - to wait

Ja	czekam
Ty	czekasz
On, ona, ono	czeka
My	czekamy
wy	czekacie
Oni (one)	czekaja

Czekam na ciebie. - I'm waiting for you.
Poczekasz na mnie z pracy? - Can you wait for me from work?
Ona czeka na nas o dwunastej. - She is waiting for us at twelve o'clock.
Niepotrzebnie czekamy tak długo. - We've been waiting so long for nothing.
Też czekacie państwo na ten pociąg? - Are you also waiting for this train?
Oni czekają na samolot z Berlina. - They are waiting for a plane from Berlin.

Group 4. Exceptions, easier to learn

jeść (to eat), umieć (to be able), być (to be), rozumieć (to understand)

For pronoun I characteristic ending - em. But very often the basis itself changes.

rozumieć - to understand

Rozumiem cię doskonale. - I understand exactly what u mean.
Dlaczego ty tego nie rozumiesz? To jest takie łatwe (tak łatwo)! - Why don't you understand this? It's so easy!
Nikt tego nie rozumie. - Nobody understands this.
Czy wszystko rozumiecie? - Do you understand everything?
Rozumiemy o czym nas prosicie. - We understand what you are asking us.
Oni nie rozumieją po polsku. - They don't understand Polish.

	Group 1 studiować (study)	Group 2 dzwonic (call)	Group 3 mieszkac (live)	jeść (eat, eat)
Ja	study	dzwonic	mieszkam	jem
Ty	studiujesz	dzwonisz	mieszkasz	jesz
On, ona, ono	study	dzwoni	mieszka	je
My	studiojemy	dzwonymy	mieszkamy	jemy
wy	studiousjecie	dzwonicie	mieszkacie	jecie
Oni (one)	study	dzwonica	mieszkaja	jedza

You and I just have to do exercises to practice the correct endings, build vocabulary from sentences and listen to Polish in the answers to the exercises - this is a great practice for listening.

Tip for the exercises: if you can’t conjugate the verb, listen to the voice acting and write it under dictation.

It's time to talk seriously about the Polish verb. Until now, on verbs, we, as they say, hit pointwise: we figured it out from the Polish language, as well as on occasion. However, it’s not in vain that I myself constantly repeat that the No. 1 key to success in studying foreign language is systemic.

Today it's time to get acquainted with the system of conjugations of the Polish verb in the present tense. The simplest conjugation of the Polish verb is the am-conjugation. Since quite objectively, this is the simplest conjugation, with the minimum amount exceptions, then it is predominantly considered the first, although in the grammars of the Polish language it is officially referred to as the third (). In order not to get confused in the numbers of conjugations, in Polish they can also be called by their characteristic endings: am-conjugation, ę-conjugation, i-conjugation, and sometimes a fourth (em-conjugation) is also distinguished. This makes it much easier to navigate and remember.

The biggest difficulty

What is the hardest thing about conjugating a Polish verb? Of course, these are not endings or even alternations. The fact is that in Polish, by the external gender of the infinitive, it is completely impossible to determine which conjugation the verb belongs to.

I am sure that after such a statement, you have a completely logical question: what to do?

In fact, I confess that neither I nor anyone else has a clear answer to this question. At least I haven't seen any. But there is definitely a way out.

Solutions

Firstly, in order to defuse the situation and the problem did not seem so terrible to you, I will say that in Russian the situation completely similar. We just don't notice it (thank God!). After all, if you remember, at school we learned to determine the conjugation of the Russian verb at the end of this very verb in the third person (-at (-yat); -ut (-yut). And how can you tell a poor Pole or an unfortunate German to find out the endings 3l pl., because that's why he needs to learn the conjugation! etc. So there are ways not to get confused in Polish.

Secondly, my 7-year teaching practice opens up a fascinating observation. When all the recommendations are followed, this problem practically disappears for almost all of my students by the 12th-15th lesson. This despite the fact that we get acquainted with the last conjugation somewhere in the 5-7th lesson! To be honest, some especially complex verbs have to be dealt with later, but these are rather interesting exceptions to the rule.

Thirdly, there are secrets that will help you understand the conjugation of Polish verbs. They can hardly be called rules, but these trends are often very useful in order to clean up the head. I will introduce you to some of them in articles devoted to the corresponding conjugations, with a part in separate materials, with a part within.

In the end, in order not to leave you with anything at all, before dealing in detail with each of the conjugations separately, I will give arbitrary examples of conjugation in each of the 3 conjugations of the Polish verb.

zaimek	I-koniugacja (e-koniugacja)	II-koniugacja
	moc	uczyć sę	pytac
ja	moge	uczę sę	pytam