End of April/May - most best time to visit the Crimea. It is still not very hot, the greenery has not burned out, there are no crowds of people, as in summer.
But the main attraction of this time is the flowers.

Below are photographs and descriptions of Crimean flowers taken in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008, during May holidays(late April/early May). Basically, the Bakhchisarai, Yalta and Sudak regions of Crimea are represented.

DREAM-GRASS, CRIMEAN SHOT (Pulsatilla taurica)

He’s a snowy tulip, he’s a sonchik, he’s a grass-grass, he’s a pine forest, he’s a shooter, he’s a rascal, he’s a beaver.
It grows in the mountains, oak forests, mountain meadows, steppe areas of the foothills and rocky slopes.
The most beautiful spring Crimean flower - you can admire it and photograph it endlessly.
Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine



Sleep Grass. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag

Sleep Grass. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag

Sleep Grass. April 2004 Chatyr-Dag

Sleep Grass. 2.05.03 Yalta Yayla

Sleep Grass. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag



Sleep Grass. 5.05.07 Angar-Burun

FOLDED SNOWDROP (Galanthus plicatus M. Bieb.)

Folded snowdrop (Galanthus plicatus) - a species that differs from other species in folded leaves with a bluish bloom, with folds bent to the underside.
It was previously considered as an endemic Crimean species, but now the habitats of the folded snowdrop have been identified in the Caucasus, Turkey, Romania and Moldova.
Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine



4.05.07 Not far from t/s "Boyko"

Snowdrop. May 2005 Chatyr-Dag

Snowdrop. 1.05.03 Grand Canyon

Scilla bifolia L.

It is also the Crimean Scilla (Scilla taurica (Regel) Fuss), it is also the Snow Scilla (Scilla nivalis Boiss.). Glades overgrown with a blueberry mixed with a snowdrop look very nice.

Scilla. 02.05.03 Ascent to Roman-Kosh

CRIMEAN CROCUS (Crocus tauricus (Trautv.) Puring)

He is Crimean saffron. Endemic Crimean Caucasian species. It grows in the mountains on open stony places, grassy slopes of yail. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.

Crocus Crimean.4.05.07 Not far from Ai-Petri

Crocus Crimean.1.05.03 Yalta yayla

PRIMROSES (PRIMULOSES) Primula

It grows in the southern regions of the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, in the Crimea, South and Central Europe. The species is similar to the spring primrose, but with an undeveloped flower arrow. Flowering from April. The plant is cold-resistant - blooms on the edge of the snow.
The ancient Greeks believed that the primrose was able to heal from all ailments and called it "the flower of the twelve gods."

In the old German sagas, the primrose is the keys of the spring goddess Freya. With the help of these keys, the beautiful goddess, adorned with a multi-colored rainbow necklace, opens the real warmth after a long winter. Wherever her rainbow falls, golden keys appear there, and spring flowers sprout from them - primroses.

The Danes are sure that the princess of the elves herself has been turned into a primrose. Once the spirits released the girl to the ground, and there she fell in love with the young man, forgetting about her relatives. For this, the spirits turned the princess into a primrose, and her lover into an anemone.

In Rus', the primrose was affectionately called lambs. There was even such a custom: to throw plucked lambs under one's feet and stomp - for longevity.

The British have a primrose - a favorite flower. It is grown in gardens and vegetable gardens, taken with them on trips, given to loved ones. According to English fairy tales, gnomes hide in primroses, and if you go out into the clearing in spring, you can hear a chorus of gentle voices from the flowers.

Common primrose (Рrimula vulgaris) or stemless (Primula acaulis) April 2004. Area of ​​t / s "Boyko"

Road overgrown with primroses.26.04.03 from Eski-Kermen to Shuldan

Primula Sibthorpa (Primula sibthorpii) 04/25/03 Near Eski-Kermen

Common primrose.25.04.03 near the Red Poppy

VIOLETS

There are many different ones in Crimea. Especially beautiful and large ones are found on the yayla. The yellow and blue look very pretty.

Violet dog (Viola canina)25.04.03 near Eski-Kermen

Fragrant violet (Viola odorata)25.04.03 near Eski-Kermen



Mountain Violet (Viola oreades Bieb.) April 2004 Ai-Petri Yayla

Mountain Violet (Viola oreades Bieb.) April 2004 Ai-Petri Yayla

Field of violets. April 2004 Eski-Kermen

Kupena fragrant (Polygonatum odoratum)

She was bought medicinal, bought pharmacy (Polygonatum officinale L.), she is Solomon's seal. It grows on drying, slightly acidic, rich, humus, loose, mostly shallow, sandy, stony and clay soils: in forests, shrubs and slopes. Edge-forest view. The plant is poisonous.

Bought fragrant. April 2004 Eski-Kermen

Dubious poppy (Papaver dubium L.)

Doubtful poppy is an annual herbaceous plant 30-60 cm high. It blooms in April-June. Grows on dry stony, gravel, clay slopes, among shrubs, on sands, in forest-steppe and steppe, in fields, along roads, in mountains up to the mid-mountain belt. Poisonous.

Mac is questionable. April 2004 p. Red poppy

IBERIAN, STENNIK (Iberis)

The name of the plant indicates the area of ​​\u200b\u200bnatural distribution: Iberia, as Spain used to be called. The genus includes about 40 species distributed in the Mediterranean and Central Europe.

Iberian forms dense rounded cushions, which during the flowering period, in April-May, seem to be powdered with snow due to lilac-white flowers. In Crimea, they live on rocky places, in the mountains, on the South Coast.

There are rocky Iberian (Ib.saxatilis), Crimean Iberian (Ib.taurica), very rarely - bitter Iberian (Ib.amara) and pinnate Iberian (Ib.pinnata). These species differ mainly in leaf shape.

Candytuft. 1.05.03 Great Crimean Canyon

FRINGED POULTRY (Ornithogalum fimbriatum Willd)
He is also a fibrous bird-man, he is a ciliated bird-man.
It grows in forests along the edges, in the steppes, on the yayla. From the subgenus Ornithogalum. Plants no more than 12 cm tall. The arrow is covered with hairs. Blooms in mid-spring, up to 15 days.

poultry farmer. April 2003 District of the Pavilion of the Winds

Paeonia tenuifolia L. (P. lithophila Kotov, P. biebersteiniana Rupr.)

He is a narrow-leaved peony. Herbaceous perennial up to 50 cm tall. It grows on meadow steppes, on leached chernozems, on mountain slopes. Blooms in May. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.

Peony thin-leaved. April 2004 and 05.05.07 On the ascent to Chatyr-Dag

Peony thin-leaved. April 2004 Chatyr-Dag

Thin-leaved peony thickets 29.04.08 Slopes of Lyalel-Oba

CRIMEAN PEONY (Paeonia daurica)

It is also a Taurian peony (Paeonia taurica auct.), it is also a three-fold peony (Paeonia triternata) Endemic of Crimea. It grows in light forests, typically in the undergrowth of oak forests. It is massively found at altitudes from 200 meters to upper bound forests. Blooms in May. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine



Peony Crimean. April 2004 Eski-Kermen

MUSCARI (Muscari neglectum Guss)

He is a viper onion unnoticed, he is also a mouse hyacinth.
Low, up to 15 cm tall, bulbous perennial of the lily family.
It grows in sunny stony glades, on the edges of the forest. Often forms a solid blue carpet. Blooms in April-May.



Muscari. End of April 2004 Chatyr-Dag



Muscari. 25.04.03 Eski-Kermen

Dwarf IRIS (Iris pumila) OR CRIMEAN IRIS (Iris taurica. Iridaceae)

He is a low iris, he is also a dwarf iris.
Herbaceous perennial 10-20 cm tall. Grows in steppes, on grassy slopes, on stony and thin soils, at altitudes from 300 to 700 m above sea level, rarely descends to 50 m and rises to 900-1000 m.


Violet and yellow irises 29.04.08 Slopes of Lyalel-Oba

Dwarf iris. April 2004 Eski Kermen

Dwarf irises. 04/25/03 near the village. Red poppy

EAST ARONNIK (Arum orientale Bieb., A. maculatum auct.)

Relic species, belongs to one of the oldest genera of tropical origin in Ukraine. Perennial herbaceous plant 20-30 cm high. Grows in shady forests. A very specific smell. Blooms in May. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine

Eastern Aronnik. April 2004 near Shuldan Monastery

TULIP SHRENK (Tulipa schrenkii Regel)

He is Gesner's tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.). Plants are 10-40 cm tall. stem b. hours naked, sometimes pubescent. Leaves recurved, sickle-shaped, spaced, more or less curly, glabrous or pubescent, not exceeding the flower. Single flower, red or yellow. The tepals are relatively short, wide, obtuse. The spot at their base is black, with a yellow border, yellow or absent. Blooms in April. It grows mainly in the steppe Crimea, as well as in the foothills and on the South Coast.


Tulip Schrenk 29.04.08 Slopes of Lyalel-Oba

LOW ALMOND (Amygdalus nana L.)

He is a beaver, he is a dwarf almond, he is a steppe almond.
It grows in the zone of herb-meadow steppes, in hollows, along ravines, beams.

Thickets of dwarf almonds. 29.04.08 near the t/s "Ai-Serez"

ADONIS SPRING (Adonis vernalis L.)

He is the spring adonis, he is the spring old oak. Blooms in May
in the steppes, along the outskirts of forests, on lighted forest glades, steppe slopes, meadows. Very bright and beautiful flower.

Spring Adonis. 29.04.08 Upper reaches of the Ai-Serez river

ASPHODELINA YELLOW Asphodeline Lutea (L.) Reichend

A rare endangered eastern Mediterranean species. Herbaceous perennial with a thick high, up to 60 cm, stem. The stem from the base to the inflorescence is covered with dagger-shaped, trihedral fleshy leaves. The flower brush is dense, long and consists of large greenish-yellow flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter. The tepals have a characteristic green vein. After flowering, a fruit is formed - a large box. Listed in the Red Book of Ukraine

Asphodelina yellow (Asphodeline lutea) 29.04.08 t/s Maski in Ukraine is found only in the Crimea

ORCHID(Orchidaceae)

Wild-growing orchids are the most wonderful flowers of the spring Crimea.
According to various sources, 20-39 species of orchids grow in Crimea. All are listed in the Red Book. Populations of wild-growing orchids are small and continue to decline mainly due to deforestation and the destruction of flowers for bouquets.
Basically, there are orches (purple, monkey), I was lucky to stumble upon the rarest Crimean ofris, of which there are only a few specimens left.

04/27/08 Fox Bay. Orchis painted (dotted) (Orchis picta Loisel.)

Crimean ophrys Ophrys taurica Nevski

Orchis simia Lam.

Purple Orchis Orchis purpurea Huds.

Orchis punctulata

Wolf's orchis Orchis x wulffiana and steveniella satyrioides Steveniella satyrioides Schlechter

Orches April 2004

The following wonderful resources were used in the preparation of the material:
1) http://www.plantarium.ru On-line plant guide
An open illustrated atlas of vascular plants in Russia and neighboring countries.
2) http://family-travel.narod.ru/flora/flora.html Photo herbarium. Wild plants of the Crimea.
3) http://mail.menr.gov.ua/publ/redbook/redbook.php Chervona book of Ukraine.

Yaroslav Kuznetsov ©2009

Crimea can rightly be called "little Australia". Firstly, on this unique peninsula there are three climatic zones: temperate continental climate of the steppes, mountain belt and subtropics of the southern coast. Secondly, here grows great amount endemic plants and many endemic animals. Thirdly, in a relatively small area (just over 26 thousand square kilometers) there are about 50 salt lakes and 257 rivers flowing.

The high Crimean mountains, the proximity of two seas at once - the Black and Azov, the most ancient cities - all this determined the uniqueness of the nature of Crimea.

Flora of Crimea

Flora Crimean peninsula very unusual and unique. Its diversity is astounding. So, on the peninsula there are over 2500 species of plants. For comparison: only 1,500 species of vegetation grow in the European part of Russia. In addition to endemics, there are many relict plants - those that have not been seen for many millennia. A main feature Crimean flora is that it varies significantly from north to south.

In the north of Crimea, where the Kerch Peninsula is located, is the kingdom of hilly steppes. Most of them are plowed under agricultural land. Only uncultivated grain areas remained uncultivated: solonchaks, ravines, gullies, rocky plains. In this part of the Crimea, cultivated plantations and crops predominate.

If we move from here to the south, we will find ourselves in a zone of foothills, where the steppe is replaced by forest-steppe. Linden, ash, skumpia, hornbeam, a lot of juniper, pear, and hawthorn are more common here.

Even further south, the forest-steppe gradually develops into a strip of oak forests. Dubnyak, by the way, occupies more than 60% of the peninsula. Among the varieties, the most popular are rocky, fluffy, pedunculate oaks. Oak forests in the Crimea are very light, sparse, with luxurious undergrowth and tall grass.

A little higher in the mountains are the richest beech forests. These mighty trees grow at an altitude of 700 to 1200 m above sea level. Beech forests amaze with their grandeur and silence. They are dense, dark, without undergrowth and grasses, only a sea of ​​fallen leaves wraps around the roots of trees. And only on the very peaks of the Crimean Mountains, beech trees are small and gnarled. And often here they are interspersed with hornbeams.

In rocky damp places, thickets of berry yew, a relict tree that has been preserved since the Tertiary period, have been preserved.

However, the very peaks of the Crimean Mountains are usually called Yayla. Yayla is a chain of peculiar table-like flat peaks connected by deep passes. Once upon a time there were beautiful pastures with lush grass and meadow plants. Most of the Crimean endemics grow on yayla.

And further south begins the descent to the sea, and the flora in these places is simply amazing with the brightness of greenery and diversity. On the southern slopes of the mountains, beech forests give way to pine forests. Even further south, the shilyak belt begins (sparse woody-shrub forests), where fluffy oaks, juniper, pistachios, strawberries, Pontic larch, dense thickets of dogwood and prickly derzhitree meet.

But it should be noted that on the southern coast of Crimea, the shiblyak in its original form was preserved only in some places: in Laspi Bay, on Capes Martyan, Aya. Basically, this part of the peninsula has undergone significant changes due to human activities. It is here that all the health resorts and resorts of Crimea are located, and the plants in this part of the peninsula are 80% imported. But many have been growing here for centuries. So, for example, birch is an extremely atypical tree for the Crimea. It was brought here from Russia only some 200-250 years ago.

In total, the area of ​​Crimean parks stretched over 2,000 hectares. Here you can already meet exotic plants, brought to the peninsula from all over the world: cypresses, figs, crocuses, almonds, over 20 thousand species of orchids, ferns, tulips and cyclamens.

Fauna of Crimea

The uniqueness of the geographical position of the peninsula also determined the originality of the fauna. There are many endemic animals in Crimea, but at the same time animal world represented much poorer than, for example, even in the neighboring regions of Russia and Ukraine.

Studies have shown that ostriches and giraffes once lived in the Crimea. Then, with climate change, reindeer and arctic foxes moved to the peninsula. Thus, the fauna of the peninsula is an amazing conglomerate of the most diverse species, many of which have adapted to local habitat conditions.

The ichthyofauna is richly represented: marine fish There are over 200 species, many live permanently, more than 50 species are in transit, traveling along the coast of Crimea to the Bosphorus. IN fresh waters lakes and rivers, zoologists have counted 46 species of fish, and 14 species are "aboriginal". The rest, such as carp, pike perch, perch, crucian carp, silver carp, grass carp were introduced and perfectly acclimatized in the Crimea.

Of the amphibians, the most common are lake and tree frogs, toads and newts. And of the 14 species of Crimean reptiles, only the steppe viper is poisonous. There are many snakes, copper snakes, there are yellow-bellied, four-striped and leopard snakes. Only one species of turtles lives in Crimea - marsh ones. They inhabit mainly mountain waters. But at once there are 6 species of lizards, among which Crimean, rocky and nimble ones are more common.

Birds in the Crimea and more than 200 species. More than 60% of them nest on the peninsula, about 17 species arrive on the peninsula for wintering. Large birds of prey have chosen to live in mountainous areas. These are eagles, ospreys, imperial eagles, golden eagles, vultures, black vultures, sea eagles, peregrine falcons, eagle owls, saker falcons, griffon vultures. Sandpipers, larks, quails are found in the floodplains of river valleys, bustards and little bustards are found in the steppe. Pelicans can be seen on the Crimean coast. But, basically, sea birds live here: gulls, terns, ducks, geese, gray herons, cormorants. And on the Swan Islands you can see a huge number of species of swans.

As for mammals, there are about 60 species of them in the Crimea. They live mainly in nature reserves, sanctuaries and mountainous areas. Their predators are weasels, foxes, badgers, martens. Hares and ferrets are found in the steppes and forests. Red deer and wild boars live in mountainous regions and foothills. Fallow deer and moufflons have been introduced recently, attempts are being made to revive the population of these animals, but so far to no avail. Once upon a time, wolves also lived in the Crimea, but the last of the wolf tribe disappeared at the beginning of the last century.

There are 4 representatives of marine animals on the coast of Crimea: these are monk seals and three species of dolphins.

Climate in Crimea

The ridge of the Crimean mountains protects the peninsula from air masses coming from the continent, and therefore on the southern coast remains tropical climate With warm summer, hot sun, abundance of greenery and warm sea water.

Spring in Crimea is incredibly beautiful and varied. Heavy rains and fogs are often replaced by clear, fine days. Opening in May bathing season. Summer is not hot, as sea breezes cool the air considerably. The temperature "ceiling" is observed at the height of July, when the air warms up to +36°С +38°С.

Until mid-October, the coast reigns Warm autumn- sunny, velvety. And only at the end of December, winter sets in - not cold, often with positive temperatures, rains and very rare snowfalls. But in the mountains, winter reigns with might and main, sweeping tall snowdrifts. In the mountainous regions of Crimea, winter lasts 100-120 days.

The official status of the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea ensures reliable state protection of the biological species included in it and implies strict legal liability for persons causing damage to their populations.

This edition includes 297 species of vascular plants, 35 species of bryophytes, 18 species of macrophyte algae, 22 species of lichens and 33 species of macroscopic fungi. In this order, these groups are located in the book. Vascular plants are divided into sections of psilotophytes, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants; further bryophytes into hepatic and leaf-stem mosses, algae into green, ochrophyte, red and characeae, and fungi into marsupials and basidiomycetes.

Within each division, orders, families, genera, and species are given in alphabetical order(according to Latin names). The Red Book of the Republic of Crimea takes into account the latest achievements of world science in the field of macrosystematics of vascular plants. In particular, the classification of flowering plants is given according to the APG III system (see Reveal and Chase, 2011), that is, their traditional division into monocots and dicots is not accepted in this publication. The systems of ferns (Christenhusz and Chase, 2014) and gymnosperms (Christenhusz et al., 2011) are also borrowed from the most recent publications.

The names of species of vascular plants are given mostly according to the "Natural flora of the Crimean Peninsula" (Yena, 2012). Deviations are mainly related to new information published in later works (in particular, on many orchids, tulips, and slender boletus), less often with the author's position of the essay writers (on hawthorns and Crimean cabbage). A small part of the species included in the Red Book, but not in the "Natural flora of the Crimean Peninsula", was first discovered in the Crimea only in the last two or three years (Haussknecht's kostenets, rocky hermitage, a number of species of dremliki).

Essays on each species include Russian and Latin names, conservation status taxon, brief information about its range, description of the features of morphology and biology, threat factors and the adopted and necessary protection measures.

The description of each species is accompanied by a color illustration (photo or drawing), the author of which is indicated at the end of the essay (in the case of two photographs, authorship is indicated in order from left to right)

The description of each species is also accompanied by a map with a grid designation of its locations on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. The basis of these maps is the map of the main landscape zones of the Crimea (Development of Priorities, 1999), reproduced here with symbols on the next page. The distribution of species is marked on maps in squares of 10*10 km. The red dots indicate the squares within which the presence of the species was confirmed by modern finds made after 1994. The blue dots indicate that the species was present in this square according to information received before 1994, and has either disappeared or is known to exist at present. after 1994 were not tested.

The Red Book of the Republic of Crimea includes all species listed in (2008; hereinafter referred to as the RF CC

Almost every corner of our planet is inhabited by animals that are on the verge of extinction. Crimea is no exception; rare representatives of the animal world also live there.

Limiting factors

First of all, the diversity, as well as the uniqueness of the fauna and flora of the peninsula is determined by geographic location. A small area, about 27,000 km², is divided by three climatic zones: a mountain belt and subtropics on the southern coast, as well as a temperate continental steppe climate. These territories belong to the Black Sea basin and are located at the intersection of migration routes of fauna representatives. Another interesting fact is that there are fifty salt lakes and two hundred and fifty seven rivers in this area. Experts have noticed that due to the significant rate of genetic erosion in recent decades, some plant species have been burned.

Red Book

The peninsula is home to a huge number of exceptional animals that are on the verge of extinction. It was decided to create a document about such inhabitants.

The Red Book uses an eight-point scale to determine the degree of rarity. The animals of Crimea in the Red Book of Russia are the tricolor and pointed-eared bat, the common long-winged bat, the small and large horseshoe bat, the black-headed gull, the large curlew.

Fauna on the peninsula

It is known from history that ostriches and giraffes used to live on the peninsula, and due to climate change, people noticed arctic foxes and reindeer. In addition to animals, about two hundred species of fish live in the waters of Crimea. Of these, in fresh lakes and rivers, there are forty-six, fourteen of which are natives. The rest were brought to the peninsula and adapted well there.

In Crimea, there are fourteen species of reptiles, and only one poisonous one is the steppe viper, as well as six species of lizards. Among the turtles, only the marsh turtle lives, which can be found in mountain reservoirs. About two hundred species of birds live here, living mainly in mountainous areas. Of these, seventeen species arrive for the winter. There are more than sixty species of mammals, they live in mountainous areas, as well as in nature reserves. Foxes, badgers, martens are found on the peninsula, and predatory animals can also be found here. Hares and ferrets are found in forests and steppes. Wolves lived here, but at the beginning of the twentieth century, their populations completely died out. Monk seals and three species of dolphins live in the waters.

Rare animals of the Crimea, listed in the Red Book

Among rare mammals one can distinguish the steppe polecat and the common shrew, their number is declining at a rapid pace. Also protected wild sheep- mouflons. This is the only herd in all of Eastern Europe. The lizard of the spindle family, or it is also called the yellow-bellied, belongs to a protected species that is on the verge of extinction. The lizard has a large head and large eyelids. The yellowbell has a sandy yellow coloration with a dark pattern on the upper body. Rare animals of the Red Book of Crimea: Mediterranean gecko, golden eagle, pygmy bat, white-bellied monk seal.

Sea dwellers

Crimean bottlenose dolphins are also under protection. They are able to reach speeds of up to forty km / h and emerge from under the water to a height of five meters. The white-bellied seal or monk seal is on the verge of extinction, there are only 600 representatives of this species left on our planet. For the desire for solitude, as well as short hair, they were called monks. These rare animals of the Crimea, listed in the Red Book, are rather awkward on land, but they feel great in the water. In search of food, seals can swim far from the coast and dive to a depth of five hundred meters. Animals reach a length of about two meters and weigh about three hundred kilograms. Males tend to be covered in thick black fur, while females are noticeably lighter in color. Because of the light lower part of the body, the seal received another name - white-bellied.

Steppe and mountain fox

In the Crimean mountains you can meet mountain foxes, and in the steppes - their steppe subspecies. They feed mainly on hamsters, ground squirrels, mice, and in rare cases even wild rabbits.

In times of famine, foxes eat lizards, insects, and frogs. Due to the fact that these animals of the Red Book of Crimea are susceptible to rabies, tourists should be careful. Previously, they were vaccinated, but now this does not happen. There are no frequent encounters with these animals, because they are very cautious and shy.

weasel

At first glance, it may seem that this is a very small and peaceful animal, but even wolves cannot be compared with the bloodthirstiness of affection. However, she is often tamed and becomes quite a gentle pet.

Weasel will quickly make friends with other household inhabitants. In the house in which this animal lives, insects and rodents will never appear. However, in captivity, weasels barely live past the age of five.

Belodushka

This is the name of the stone marten, whose chest and throat are covered with wool. white color. Belodushka is a very mobile and voracious predator. However, the stone marten can eat vegetarian food. In summer and autumn season belodushki - animals listed in the Red Book, in the Crimea eat pears, grapes, hawthorn. When it enters the chicken coop, it will quickly strangle all the chickens.

Badger

Peaceful representative of the animal world of Crimea of ​​the Mustelidae family. The badger's brothers are sables and otters. These animals are very brave and energetic representatives of the fauna. Their burrows are similar to caves, consisting of several floors, and can reach twenty meters in length. Each floor has its own purpose.

This is a fairly clean animal, so the house is cleaned daily. The floor in the burrows is dotted with fragrant grass, which is changed twice a year. The expansion and improvement of the hole is constantly taking place. After a certain amount of time, the holes turn into whole badger underground cities. These animals, listed in the Red Book, in the Crimea feed mainly on mushrooms, wild berries, acorns, as well as ground squirrels, snails and mice. In addition, badgers love honey. These are peaceful animals, but when it comes to their brethren or their homes, they stand to the end.

mouflon

This is a wild animal related to artiodactyls, a genus of rams. Mouflons live on wooded mountain slopes, and in winter they go down a little lower. Males weigh about 50 kg, and females - 35 kg. Males have horns. Mouflons are very cautious animals and try to live away from people.

A wild boar

These animals lived in the Crimea since ancient times, but in the nineteenth century they were completely destroyed. Starting from 1957, one wild boar and thirty-four females from Primorsky Krai were brought from the Chernihiv region. Subsequently, the number of individuals increased significantly.

Boar - an animal of the Red Book of Crimea, whose photo can be seen in the article, feeds on various roots, mushrooms, nuts or acorns. In rare cases, they can feed on insects, bird eggs and rodents.

Crimean red deer

The deer is the largest animal on the peninsula. Its weight can reach 260 kg, and they grow up to 140 cm in height. Basically, the life expectancy of the Crimean deer is 60-70 years. Horns are considered their main weapon. In Crimea, only hunters are considered enemies of deer. Thus, they use their horns during fights for the female, which usually take place in September.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, deer - animals listed in the Red Book, almost completely disappeared in the Crimea. Starting in 1923, a ban on shooting deer came into effect. And already in 1943 the number of individuals increased to two thousand.

Roe

There was a time when these animals lived in the steppes of the Crimea. Now roe deer live on the slopes of the Main mountain range, in addition, they can be found in the forests. When meeting with people, the animal freezes for a few seconds, then, discovering that it has been noticed, it hides in the forest thickets with great speed. Roe deer are like deer. These animals, listed in the Red Book, feed on tree buds, bark, herbaceous plants. Males have horns, which they shed at the beginning of the autumn period. In the spring, the antlers grow back. Foxes and martens are considered enemies of roe deer. Animals have excellent hearing. As soon as they feel danger, they immediately warn their fellows. Their cry is carried at a distance of three kilometers.

What animals are listed in the Red Book of Crimea?

  • The common shrew is considered one of the rarest species of mammals. Mostly lives in the mountain-forest part of the Crimea.
  • The steppe ferret is a representative of predators. These animals feed on small-sized vertebrates, as well as mouse-like rodents.
  • The leather-like bat leads mainly a sedentary lifestyle. Feeds on small insects.
  • The common badger is active at dusk and at night. The length of the body is from 60 to 90 cm, the tail is 20 cm long. The head is small, powerful claws on the paws.
  • The small gopher lives in burrows that reach almost two meters in depth, and their length is more than four meters. Distributed in sagebrush and forb-feather grass steppes.

Animals of the Crimea, listed in the Red Book of Russia, are the giant vespers, the gray shrike, the eagle owl, the lesser tern, the greave, the steppe tirkushka.

Birds

The gray crane is under the protection of the law, hunting for it is prohibited everywhere. On the peninsula, the animal lives exclusively in swampy meadows and reed beds. The pink starling is also included in the Red Book. He lives on Mount Opuk. Red-headed kinglet, common in the mountainous regions of the Crimea. The eagle owl is a rare bird in the Crimea. It is active, as a rule, at night, preys on small animals and vertebrates.

The Crimean peninsula is a small universe, which combines a diverse climate, unique nature and diverse flora and fauna.

The Red Book lists animals that need protection, as well as endangered species. The first edition was published in 2015. The first volume describes the animal world. Here are some names of animals listed in the Red Book of Crimea: steppe polecat, common shrew, common badger, leather-like bat, small ground squirrel. The second volume is devoted to plants, fungi and algae. In total, four hundred and five species of plants and fungi are included, as well as three hundred and seventy species of animals. The Red Book is considered official document, containing information about wild animals, plants and fungi that permanently or temporarily reside (grow) on the territory of the Crimean peninsula.