Breaking a drug addict is the reverse side of drug euphoria. Is it possible to self-relieve withdrawal symptoms at home? Common symptoms of drug withdrawal are manifested

Addiction has two components. One of them is a state of euphoria, which every addict strives for. The second side is withdrawal symptoms or withdrawal symptoms, which the addict pays for his addiction.

Why do drug addicts have withdrawal symptoms? What is it?

Breakdown from drugs occurs in the body, which is reconstructed and adapted to the intake of psychoactive substances, in the case of withdrawal syndrome.

With regular use of drugs in the body, substitution of substances occurs that the body synthesizes on its own to eliminate pain, substances coming from outside. When drugs are supplied from the outside, the body does not need to expend energy on the synthesis and production of dopamine, adrenaline and some other substances. This is how tolerance develops. In this case, the addict has to take drugs just to feel normal. But the goal of any addict continues to be euphoria. To experience it, the addict increases the dose. The body reduces the production of this substance. It turns out vicious circle, which at any moment can result in an overdose and death.

If the required substance is not supplied in a timely manner, then the body cannot quickly produce the substances necessary for normal well-being and functioning. Severe violations work of some organs or severe pain and are called "withdrawal of the addict."

The answer to the question: why do drug addicts have withdrawal symptoms? - lies not only in the reasons why certain drugs are taken or canceled, but also in the classification of narcotic substances. If everything is more or less clear to us with the mechanism of occurrence, then the type and severity of withdrawal caused by taking this or that type of drug requires clarification.

The strongest is considered to be dependence on substances of the opioid group:

heroin,
morphine,
methadone.

Cancellation of taking these drugs can cause not only severe pain, but also pain shock. Withdrawal symptoms can last up to a month.

The least susceptible to abstinence are marijuana lovers.

The main signs of abstinence can be roughly divided into two groups:

psychopathological nature,
somatovegetative character.

The first group of disorders affects the human nervous system, and the second group affects the internal organs, disrupting their proper functioning.

Breaking the addict - symptoms of the psychopathological group

The first of these is a change in the emotional background and mood of the addict. He becomes:

gloomy,
overexcited
irritable.

From time to time they experience bouts of unreasonable aggression. He develops insomnia. The mood improves dramatically only before taking the next dose.

Symptoms of the somatovegetative group

At the first stage, withdrawal symptoms resemble a mild cold. The addict is observed:

runny nose,
easy cough
and a slight increase in temperature.

Then headaches and a slight rise begin. blood pressure... Gradually, the "cold" begins to resemble the flu. Muscle pains, bone aches, fever join the above symptoms. Runny nose and cough are worse. The pains gradually intensify and become very severe. The addict constantly sneezes and coughs, his gas is watery, his head hurts terribly, and profuse salivation is observed. Most have constant nausea and vomiting.

Most addicts cannot bear such torment. The myth that withdrawal can be waited out is, in most cases, ineffective. Most addicts cannot handle withdrawal. Attempts end with severe neuropsychic trauma.

Subsequently, even the very thought that withdrawal can be tolerated on its own causes melancholy and tears in the addict. Many of them, upon admission to the hospital, ask for ultra-fast withdrawal of withdrawal symptoms, which takes place under anesthesia.

After overcoming withdrawal symptoms in addicts, residual effects are observed in the form bad mood accompanied by tension and a maliciously melancholy affective state. The irritability of a person who has suffered a withdrawal is accompanied by outbursts of anger and manifestations of aggression towards others. Asthenia is observed, accompanied by a state of physical and mental discomfort, sleep disturbances and severe depressive conditions.

The urge to resume drug use makes patients aggressive and vicious, requiring immediate resumption of drug use. Any insignificant reason causes suicidal thoughts. This period can last from two weeks to one and a half months.

The measures taken to eliminate withdrawal depend on the type of substance and the length of time of use.

Breaking down in cannabinoid abusers

The varieties of Asian marijuana used in our country are more addictive than cannabis preparations growing in other regions. A single drug intake does not cause withdrawal symptoms. With it, slight intoxication, increased mood, a slight surge of strength can be observed.

Systematic abuse causes severe manic-depressive psychoses, which are accompanied by hallucinations. They are accompanied by a state of hypersthesia, a perversion of understanding of time and space.

Breaking of such patients may be accompanied by the sudden development of psychosis:

with delusions of persecution or relationship,
sleep disorders
increased excitability,
decreased appetite, sweating,
discomfort in the region of the heart.

Specific elimination of withdrawal symptoms should be carried out on an inpatient basis, although acute withdrawal symptoms can be relieved on an outpatient basis. It is necessary to carry out a complete cancellation of the drug with the simultaneous appointment of:

tranquilizers,
nootropics,
iron preparations.

It is necessary to carry out physiotherapy procedures.

Cocaine withdrawal

The addiction goes away very quickly. Persistent sleep disturbances are obvious manifestations of withdrawal symptoms. This group of addicts experiences specific psychoses, accompanied by delusions of jealousy or persecution, and aggression. Hallucinations are terrifying. For cocaine addicts, as well as for alcoholics, the presence of tactile hallucinosis is characteristic.

Severe abstinence is removed only in stationary conditions, where the patient is administered:

fortifying agents,
detoxification drugs,
intravenous drip give amitriptyline and seduxen.

Removal of withdrawal should be accompanied by constant monitoring of the work of cardio-vascular system... Coming out of abstinence is accompanied by thoughts of suicide and melancholy states. They are stopped with medication.

Heroin withdrawal

These are the most severe cases, accounting for 90% of all cases of treatment for medical help... To remove a withdrawal from a drug addict is, first of all, to provide emergency care addicted to heroin use.

This hard drug kills more often than other substances. But its reception by the majority of drug addicts is carried out jointly:

with ephedrine,
crushed diphenhydramine
or alcohol.

Such a severe poisoning of the body requires many hours of administration of cleansing and restorative drugs. To eliminate a strong syndrome, it is used:

taking extended spectrum neuroleptics,
respiratory analeptics,
intravenous glucose,
hemodesis,
sodium thiosulfate,
relanium,
vitamins and some other medicines.

The presence of severe pain syndrome is eliminated by narcotic analgesics such as tramadol or rheopyrin with brufen. If necessary, use dehydration and vasodilators, as well as vegetotropic agents.

The withdrawal symptoms of heroin addicts can be effectively removed only in a hospital setting. But the appearance the latest programs, such as:

tramal,
clonidine,
thioperidal therapy allows you to stop the onset of withdrawal symptoms at home.

The procedure can only be carried out by a specialist when calling an emergency drug treatment. The elimination of severe abstinence is completed by the elimination of the depressive syndrome. During the elimination of withdrawal, it is necessary to carry out rational supportive psychotherapeutic measures.

Removal of withdrawal symptoms - what to do next?

The overwhelming majority of close people and relatives of drug addicts are faced with the question: how to help with withdrawal from drugs and save lives loved one from complications accompanying withdrawal symptoms?

At the initial stage, supportive therapy is necessary. It consists in the introduction of vitamins, minerals and water into the body, exhausted by starvation, systematic profuse vomiting and diarrhea. This must be done by intravenous drip.

Pain in which "twists and breaks" bones and muscles, develops due to a lack of calcium, potassium and magnesium. Taking potassium and magnesium supplements will also help stabilize the work of the heart.

Along with maintenance therapy, the addict should be given pain relievers such as tramal.

The effects of withdrawal symptoms lead to depression, which can also be alleviated at home. For this it is worth using antidepressants. Any addict will demand an increase in the dose of antidepressants, which are, in fact, also drugs. It is not necessary to go on about and increase the dose. If you are not sure of the correctness of the therapy, you should consult a doctor.

Addiction: services and prices

Calling a narcologist

Service
Price
IS FREE
Consultation with a narcologist at home
from 3000 rub.
Departure of the intervention team (persuading to be treated)
from 5000 rub.
Removal of drug withdrawal
from 4000 rub.
Hospital at home (day)
from 6000 rub.
Single dropper
from 3000 rub.
Double dropper
from 5000 rub.
Standard detoxification
from 4000 rub.

Addiction treatment

Service
Price
Initial consultation by phone
IS FREE
Consultation with a narcologist
from 1500 rub.
Calling a narcologist at home
from 2500 rub.
Drug test
from 1000 rub.
Intervention motivation
from 5000 rub.
Accompanying to the clinic / for rehabilitation
from RUB 10,000
Removal of drug withdrawal
from 6000 rub.
Detoxification of the body from drugs
from 7000 rub.
General health diagnostics
from 5000 rub.
Psychologist consultation
from 2000 rub.
Psychotherapy
from 2500 rub.
Stitching from drugs
from RUB 10,000
Inpatient rehabilitation
from 40,000 rubles
Outpatient rehabilitation
from RUB 25,000
Adaptation of a drug addict after treatment
from 20,000 rubles.

CARE

Service
Price
Initial consultation by phone
IS FREE
Departure of a narcologist and consultation at home
from 3000 rub.
from RUB 10,000
from 20,000 rubles.
Diagnostics of the state of health
from 8000 rub.
from 6000 rub.
A session with a psychologist
from 1500 rub.
Psychotherapy
from 2500 rub.
Compulsory treatment(intervention method)
from RUB 10,000
from 40,000 rubles
Rehabilitation of drug addicts abroad
from 50,000 rubles

Removal of withdrawal

Service
Price
Initial consultation by phone
IS FREE
Departure and consultation of a narcologist at home
from 3000 rub.
Removal of drug withdrawal at home
from 8000 rub.
Removal of drug withdrawal in a hospital
from 6000 rub.
Ultra-fast-opioid detoxification
from 20,000 rubles.
Combined body detoxification
from RUB 10,000
Supervision of a narcologist in a hospital (day)
from 6000 rub.
Appointment with a psychologist
from 1500 rub.
Psychotherapy for addicts
from 2000 rub.
Escort to the hospital of the clinic
from RUB 10,000
Unique rehabilitation program
from 40,000 rubles

Medical tests

Service
Price
General analysis urine
from 400 rubles
Complete blood count, biochemical blood test
from 1500 rub.
Electrocardiography (ECG)
from 500 rubles
Blood for HIV
from 500 rubles
Blood for syphilis
from 500 rubles
Blood for hepatitis B (antibodies)
from 500 rubles
Blood for hepatitis C (antibodies)
from 500 rubles
Test for the presence of drugs in urine
from 3000 rub.
Genotyping analysis (hereditary risk of addiction)
from RUB 10,000
Rapid genotyping analysis (hereditary risk of addiction)
from 15,000 rubles.

Calculating the cost of treatment

The downside of narcotic euphoria is withdrawal or withdrawal symptoms. This grave condition is much more intense than the effect of the drug, destroys the intellect, takes away health, kills a person, and not in a figurative, but in a literal sense of the word.

Breaking the addict

Withdrawal syndrome is a set of symptoms of somatic, psychopathological disorders caused by drug withdrawal or a decrease in its dosage. Narcotic withdrawal - withdrawal symptoms, withdrawal symptoms, occurs with physical dependence.

The severity of withdrawal symptoms depends on the ability of the drug to integrate into a person's metabolism. Opiates have a high affinity for human neurotransmitters.

These narcotic substances quickly cause physical dependence, their withdrawal is accompanied by abstinence. Severe withdrawal is caused by the use of methadone. It can last more than a month and it is not always possible to transfer it.

Some drugs, such as hallucinogens, do not cause physical addiction, and drug withdrawal does not occur after withdrawal. But psychic addiction develops to psychedelics, causing mental suffering of a person, they are forced to get a dose by any means.

Causes of occurrence

The reasons for withdrawal are the changes that the drug makes in the body. The main interference of a drug in metabolism lies in its effect on the nervous system, namely, on the transmission of a nerve impulse.

What's going on in the brain

The drug replaces the neurotransmitters in the brain, which are responsible for transmitting nerve signals, and the body simply stops producing them. The addict's brain loses its ability to produce some important neurotransmitters on its own.

In this case, the brain acts very consistently. Indeed, why should the body try, work, synthesize neurotransmitters, if the owner of this intelligent brain goes and buys a magic powder that will replace the connections necessary for the interaction of neurons and muscle cells.

Without neurotransmitters, communication between the cells of the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, internal organs... Without these chemical compounds the body is no longer an integral organism, but simply a set of cells into which a person breaks up during withdrawal.

Changes in the body

The body begins to feel the lack of the drug within a few hours after the last use. The absence of the usual drug affects the general well-being after 1-2 days, which causes withdrawal syndrome.

Breakage is felt by all organs that are involved in the metabolism of this psychoactive substance, a serious condition lasts from several hours to several weeks. The average duration of abstinence is 10 days.

During this time, the body must independently cope with the absence of a surrogate neurotransmitter, restore the ability to synthesize the necessary substances in the right amount.

This is not always possible. The body feels a lack of vitamins, minerals, nutrients... Lack of trace elements necessary for the synthesis of vital important connections, sometimes becomes an insurmountable obstacle to overcome withdrawal.

With extreme exhaustion, severe prolonged anesthesia, the body cannot cope with the task of recovery, is unable to get out of the state of withdrawal, and the person dies. Clinical manifestations withdrawal symptoms in drug addicts are very severe, the degree of threat to life depends on the severity of the drug, the duration and severity of drug addiction.

So, with withdrawal syndrome, depression occurs, the whole world seems disgusting, meaningless. Such withdrawal lasts for a very long time, sometimes for weeks. Withdrawal from drug addiction to antidepressants, in addition to severe depression, brings physical suffering, pain, weakness, palpitations, indifference to life.

An agonizing withdrawal has to be experienced by drug addicts on synthetic drugs. Addiction develops very quickly, and it can be very difficult to recover.

Symptoms and Signs

Not all narcotic substances cause physical dependence; they also differ in the strength of their effect on the body. But some symptoms are common to all types of drug withdrawal symptoms.

So, what does a drug addict feel during withdrawal, by what signs can one judge the severity of his condition?

The first signs of withdrawal may resemble the flu, accompanied by:

runny nose;
chills;
vague discomfort in the body;
mild discomfort resembling a viral infection;
deterioration in health;
weakness;
the appearance of sweating;
bad mood.

The patient tries to retire, is not disposed to communicate, is easily irritated. Exhausted, he lies in bed for hours, trying to keep warm. But he gets worse and after a while there is nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

The severe diarrhea that opens up dehydrates an already depleted body, squeezes out the rest of the strength from a person, takes away the ability to resist the onset of pain in the fatigue and muscles.

Pain makes a person look for a position in which it is felt less. The patient rushes about on the bed, his body seems to be tested for a break. Muscle spasms cause tremendous pain, make you literally roll on the floor, without feeling the impact of the surrounding objects.

Common Symptoms with narcotic withdrawal are manifested:

confusion of consciousness;
convulsions;
pain in joints, muscles, bones;
abrupt state transitions from fever to chills;
vomiting.

A common symptom of a drug addict during withdrawal for all types of drugs is sleep disturbance. The patient cannot fall asleep, and if he nevertheless manages to do this, his sleep is shallow, short-lived.

Psychopathological

Common withdrawal symptoms after drug withdrawal are:

restlessness, inability to sit still, anxiety;
uncontrolled, unpredictable behavior, outbursts of anger, rage.

Abstinence is characterized by a lack of interest in the environment, complete isolation of all sensations on oneself, insomnia. In a dream, he sees nightmares, which often do not recede even after waking up, torturing the patient with hallucinations.

Those around him are seen as demons, sources of suffering for his body and soul. The active subconscious mind, when withdrawing, pushes the patient to aggressive actions, calls to save himself. And the lack of conscious control from the brain leads to an inability to distinguish an imaginary demon from a loved one- mother, child, spouse.

Like somatic changes, psychopathological symptoms withdrawal symptoms appear gradually, disappearing in the reverse order - at first those symptoms that appeared later disappear.

Each type of drug has its own specific symptoms of withdrawal. So, with ketamine addiction, an apathetic state develops, characterized by poor facial expressions, inconsistency in the contraction of the facial muscles of the upper and lower parts of the face.

There is lightness in the sensations of one's body, a sense of grace of movements, although in reality the coordination of movements is impaired, and they acquire awkwardness, angularity.

Somatovegetative

Signs of incipient withdrawal are signs such as sneezing, dilated pupils, yawning. Joint pains are added to these symptoms.

A characteristic somatic symptom of withdrawal is pain in joints, bones, muscles.

The muscles cramp, forcing them to experience the most severe pain, breaking a person, the condition worsens, is complicated by:

dizziness;
drooling, chills;
nausea, abdominal pain, stool disorder;
aches, joint pain;
surges in blood pressure;

Indigestion is accompanied by diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. A sign of withdrawal is tachycardia, arrhythmia, salivation, sweating.

How to help

Withdrawal symptoms disappear if the addict receives another dose. As a rule, the condition with withdrawal is very serious, and the patient cannot cope with it without medical assistance.

Most effective method withdrawal withdrawal - detoxification. At home, to provide the patient with full medical care, control is impossible. It is necessary to remove withdrawal symptoms in a narcological clinic, and this cannot be limited to this, it is imperative to be treated for drug addiction.

To remove withdrawal symptoms, detoxification is carried out, drugs are administered:

fortifying - vitamins, magnesium sulfate, unitol;
supporting cardiac activity - caffeine, cordiamine;
antidotes to drugs.

In case of severe abstinence, the addict is carried out. Most often it is used for opioid, methadone withdrawal. The patient is put into a state of artificial sleep when the person does not feel pain.

As a result of therapeutic measures, it is possible to cleanse the body from the action of the drug and its metabolites, but not to cure addiction. It must be remembered that detoxification is not a substitute for treatment. And it is not a cure.

Effects

The state of abstinence is accompanied by suicidal thoughts, lack of self-control, heart failure. A person with abstinence experiences pain of such intensity that he is ready to do anything to stop it. Including suicide.

A person even loses his basic instincts. The drug replaces the need for food, sleep, sex, rest. During withdrawal, the addict loses the instinct of self-preservation, fear of death, can die from the refusal of internal organs, self-inflicted injury, suicide.

Suffers from a lack of drug during withdrawal nervous system, the rhythm of the heartbeat is disturbed. Disruption of nerve transmission in the heart leads to chaotic, disordered impulses that disorganize the work of this organ and can cause cardiac arrest.

The severe consequences of withdrawal are noted in the work of the brain. Withdrawal symptoms are:

steadily worsening dementia (dementia);
seizures;
the appearance of psychosis;
deep depression.

The severe consequences of drug withdrawal are the destruction of the cerebral cortex, namely, the areas responsible for higher nervous abilities - the ability to learn, adapt, and integrate in society. Without treatment, withdrawal significantly accelerates the degradation of the personality, puts a person on the brink of death. This is the answer to the question of whether an addict can die from severe withdrawal symptoms.

Breaking the addict

The severity of withdrawal symptoms depends on the ability of the drug to integrate into a person's metabolism. Opiates have a high affinity for human neurotransmitters.

These drugs quickly cause physical dependence, their withdrawal is accompanied by withdrawal symptoms. Severe withdrawal is caused by the use of methadone. It can last more than a month and it is not always possible to transfer it.